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Singh S, Shukla A, Sharma S. Overview of Natural Supplements for the Management of Diabetes and Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e061123223235. [PMID: 37933216 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998262859231020071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds found in various natural sources, such as fruits, vegetables, and herbs, have been studied for their potential benefits in managing obesity and diabetes. These compounds include polyphenols, flavonoids, other antioxidants, fiber, and certain fatty acids. Studies have found that these compounds may improve insulin sensitivity, regulate blood sugar levels, and promote weight loss. However, the effects of these compounds can vary depending on the type and amount consumed, as well as individual factors, such as genetics and lifestyle. Nutraceutical substances have multifaceted therapeutic advantages, and they have been reported to have disease-prevention and health-promoting properties. Several clinically used nutraceuticals have been shown to target the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome and their complications and modulate various clinical outcomes favorably. This review aims to highlight and comment on some of the most prominent natural components used as antidiabetics and in managing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Arpit Shukla
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
| | - Shiwangi Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, 17km Stone, NH-2, Mathura-Delhi Road Mathura, Chaumuhan, Uttar Pradesh 281406, India
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2
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Elbaset MA, Nasr M, Ibrahim BMM, Ahmed-Farid OAH, Bakeer RM, Hassan NS, Ahmed RF. Curcumin nanoemulsion counteracts hepatic and cardiac complications associated with high-fat/high-fructose diet in rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14442. [PMID: 36165438 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the incidence of cardiovascular abnormalities and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has long been postulated. Curcumin (CUR) is a potential anti-atherosclerotic agent but its poor water solubility hinders its pharmacological use. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of formulation of CUR nanoemulsion prepared using the spontaneous emulsification technique on high fat high fructose (HFHF)-induced hepatic and cardiac complications. Fifty Wistar rats were divided into five groups. CUR nanoemulsion at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg and conventional powdered CUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg were orally administered daily to rats for two weeks, and compared with normal control and HFHF control. Results revealed that the high dose level of CUR nanoemulsion was superior to conventional CUR in ameliorating the HFHF-induced insulin resistance status and hyperlipidemia, with beneficial impact on rats' recorded electrocardiogram (ECG), serum aspartate aminotransferase (ALT) and alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels, leptin, adiponectin, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and cardiac troponin-I. In addition, hepatic and cardiac oxidative and nitrosative stresses, oxidative DNA damage and disrupted cellular energy statuses were counteracted. Results were also confirmed by histopathological examination. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The use of curcumin nanoemulsion could be beneficial in combating hepatic and cardiac complications resulting from HFHF diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan Abd Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassant M M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Omar A H Ahmed-Farid
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rofanda M Bakeer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania F Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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Curcumin and Weight Loss: Does It Work? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020639. [PMID: 35054828 PMCID: PMC8775659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem needing urgent research. Synthetic anti-obesity drugs show side effects and variable effectiveness. Thus, there is a tendency to use natural compounds for the management of obesity. There is a considerable body of knowledge, supported by rigorous experimental data, that natural polyphenols, including curcumin, can be an effective and safer alternative for managing obesity. Curcumin is a is an important compound present in Curcuma longa L. rhizome. It is a lipophilic molecule that rapidly permeates cell membrane. Curcumin has been used as a pharmacological traditional medicinal agent in Ayurvedic medicine for ∼6000 years. This plant metabolite doubtless effectiveness has been reported through increasingly detailed in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Regarding its biological effects, multiple health-promoting, disease-preventing and even treatment attributes have been remarkably highlighted. This review documents the status of research on anti-obesity mechanisms and evaluates the effectiveness of curcumin for management of obesity. It summarizes different mechanisms of anti-obesity action, associated with the enzymes, energy expenditure, adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and anti-inflammatory potential of curcumin. However, there is still a need for systematic and targeted clinical studies before curcumin can be used as the mainstream therapy for managing obesity.
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Nosrati-Oskouie M, Aghili-Moghaddam NS, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Impact of curcumin on fatty acid metabolism. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4748-4762. [PMID: 33825246 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) and fatty acid synthesis (FAS) activity have significantly contributed to disease states such as insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, myocardial infarction, blood pressure, and several types of cancer. Currently, several treatment options are available for patients with these conditions. Due to safety concerns, adverse effects, limited efficacy, and low tolerability associated with many medications, the identification of novel agents with less toxicity and a more favorable outcome is warranted. Curcumin is a phenolic compound derived from the turmeric plant with various biological activities, including anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to February 2020 for studies that demonstrated the efficacy and mechanisms of curcumin action on FFAs, FAS, and β-oxidation activity, as well as the desaturation system. Most of the evidence is in-vivo and in-vitro studies that demonstrate that curcumin possesses regulatory properties on FFAs levels through its effects on FAS and β-oxidation activity as well as desaturation system, which could improve insulin resistance, obesity, and other FFAs-related disorders. The present study provides a review of the existing in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical evidence on the effect of curcumin on FFAs and FAS activity, β-oxidation, and desaturation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nosrati-Oskouie
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Varì R, Scazzocchio B, Silenzi A, Giovannini C, Masella R. Obesity-Associated Inflammation: Does Curcumin Exert a Beneficial Role? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13031021. [PMID: 33809891 PMCID: PMC8004232 DOI: 10.3390/nu13031021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a lipophilic polyphenol, isolated from the plant turmeric of Curcuma longa. Curcuma longa has always been used in traditional medicine in Asian countries because it is believed to have numerous health benefits. Nowadays it is widely used as spice component and in emerging nutraceutical food worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin possesses, among others, potential anti-inflammatory properties. Obesity represents a main risk factor for several chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some types of cancer. The establishment of a low-grade chronic inflammation, both systemically and locally in adipose tissue, occurring in obesity most likely represents a main factor in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the onset of the obesity-associated inflammation are different from those involved in the classic inflammatory response caused by infections and involves different signaling pathways. The inflammatory process in obese people is triggered by an inadequate intake of nutrients that produces quantitative and qualitative alterations of adipose tissue lipid content, as well as of various molecules that act as endogenous ligands to activate immune cells. In particular, dysfunctional adipocytes secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, the adipocytokines, able to recruit immune cells into adipose tissue, amplifying the inflammatory response also at systemic level. This review summarizes the most recent studies focused at elucidating the molecular targets of curcumin activity responsible for its anti-inflammatory properties in obesity-associated inflammation and related pathologies.
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Al-Saud NBS. Impact of curcumin treatment on diabetic albino rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2019; 27:689-694. [PMID: 32210689 PMCID: PMC6997849 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was aimed to study the effect of curcumin on the expression levels of brain glucose transporter 1 protein (GLUT1) and femoral muscle glucose transporter 4 protein (GLUT4), in addition to study its possible therapeutic role in ameliorating insulin resistance and the metabolic disturbance in the obese and type 2 diabetic male albino Wistar rat model. Diabetes was induced by a high-fat (HF) diet with low dose streptozotocin (STZ). Curcumin was administered intragastrically for 8 weeks (80 mg/kg BW/day). The HF-diet group developed obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, reduced liver glycogen content with significant dyslipidemia. In the diabetic control group, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance high calculated homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR-index score) were pronounced, with reductions in liver and muscle glycogen contents, concomitant with dyslipidemia and significantly elevated malondialdehyde levels in liver and pancreas. GLUT1 and GLUT4 were down-regulated in the obese and the diabetic control groups, respectively. Curcumin, showed glucose-lowering effect and decreased insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and malondialdehyde levels in both tissues, it increased liver & muscle glycogen contents, compared to the diabetic control. Curcumin significantly up-regulated GLUT4 gene expression, compared to the diabetic control group. In conclusions, these results indicate a therapeutic role of curcumin in improving the diabetic status, obesity and enhancing the expression of GLUT4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa Bint Saud Al-Saud
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Panzhinskiy E, Bashir R, Bagchi D, Nair S. Effect of Curcumin and α-Lipoic Acid in Attenuating Weight Gain and Adiposity. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:493-498. [PMID: 30620684 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1557572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Obesity is growing at epidemic proportions worldwide. Natural compounds curcumin and α-lipoic acid have been shown to reduce body-weight gain in both preclinical and clinical studies. This study examined the effect of a combination of curcumin and α-lipoic acid on weight gain and adiposity in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. Methods: C57BL6 mice (7 weeks old) were randomly assigned to receive either HFD (60% fat) or a normal diet (ND, 10% fat) for a 12-week period, following which the mice receiving HFD were further assigned to supplemental curcumin (0.07%), α-lipoic acid (0.2%), or a combination of curcumin and α-lipoic acid formulated into the HFD for a further 12 weeks. Food intake and body mass were determined on a weekly basis. Body fat composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Treatment with both curcumin and α-lipoic acid significantly reduced body weight gain in HFD-treated mice, and the combination was more effective in attenuating body weight compared to the individual agents. Food intake and caloric intake were significantly lower in the mice that received α-lipoic acid. Percentage body fat and fat mass and lean body mass, which were increased following HFD feeding, were attenuated in the mice receiving curcumin and the combination. Lean mass was also elevated in the mice that were subjected to an HFD, which was unaltered by curcumin or the combination. Conclusions: Taken together, the combination of curcumin and α-lipoic acid exhibits an additive effect in reducing weight gain and adiposity in response to high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy Panzhinskiy
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences , Laramie , Wyoming , USA
- b Diabetes Research Group, University of British Columbia, Life Sciences Institute , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Raza Bashir
- c Iovate Health Sciences International Inc ., Oakville , Ontario , Canada
| | - Debasis Bagchi
- d College of Pharmacy, University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- a Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Wyoming, College of Health Sciences , Laramie , Wyoming , USA
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Huang J, Qin S, Huang L, Tang Y, Ren H, Hu H. Efficacy and safety of Rhizoma curcumea longae with respect to improving the glucose metabolism of patients at risk for cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Hum Nutr Diet 2019; 32:591-606. [PMID: 30983042 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical evidence suggests that curcuminoids, as a natural polyphenol, can provide support for cardioprotection and glucose metabolism. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of curcumin with respect to improving glucose metabolism in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase) were searched up to June 2018. The inclusion criteria included (i) randomised controlled trials (RCT) and (ii) subjects with risk factors for cardiovascular disease supplemented with curcumin and curcuminoids. A random-effects model and a standardised mean difference with a 95% confidence interval were used to perform quantitative data synthesis. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the effects. RESULTS Fourteen eligible RCT with 1277 subjects were included. In the overall analyses, curcumin led to significant decreases in fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The subgroup analyses suggested that curcumin or combined curcuminoids were more effective at reducing FBG and HbA1c in type 2 diabetes patients than in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Supplementation with curcuminoids at doses ≥300 mg day-1 showed significant decreases in FBG, HbA1c and HOMA-IR. The effects of supplementation on FBG, HbA1c and HOMA-IR were more significant over long periods (≥12 weeks) than short periods. Curcumin and curcuminoids were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin or combined curcuminoids could exert cardioprotective effects in patients at risk for cardiovascular disease by improving glucose metabolism. However, further high-quality studies and larger sample sizes are required to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - S Qin
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Ren
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Adab Z, Eghtesadi S, Vafa MR, Heydari I, Shojaii A, Haqqani H, Arablou T, Eghtesadi M. Effect of turmeric on glycemic status, lipid profile, hs-CRP, and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1173-1181. [PMID: 30859660 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder worldwide. This study examined the effect of turmeric supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile, hs-CRP and total antioxidant capacity in hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients. In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 80 hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetic patients were divided into turmeric (2,100 mg powdered rhizome of turmeric daily) and placebo groups for 8 weeks. Body weight, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum insulin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, low density lypoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lypoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and total antioxidant capacity were measured before and after intervention. Statistical analysis was carried out using paired and independent t and chi-square tests. Seventy five patients completed the study. The turmeric group showed significant decreases in body weight, TG, and LDL-c compared with baseline (p value < 0.05). Body mass index, TG, and total cholesterol decreased significantly in the turmeric group compared with the placebo group (p value < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in other parameters between the two groups after intervention (p value < 0.05). Turmeric improved some fractions of lipid profile and decreased body weight in hyperlipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes. It had no significant effect on glycemic status, hs-CRP, and total antioxidant capacity in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Adab
- Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahryar Eghtesadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Heydari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Endocrine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Shojaii
- Department of Research, Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine and School of Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Haqqani
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Arablou
- Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Eghtesadi
- Tehran Medical Branch, School of Medicine, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Takano K, Tatebe J, Washizawa N, Morita T. Curcumin Inhibits Age-Related Vascular Changes in Aged Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101476. [PMID: 30309028 PMCID: PMC6213737 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting the onset of arteriosclerotic disease, which has been increasing due to the westernized diet and aging, is a significant social challenge. Curcumin, a type of polyphenol, has anti-oxidative effects and anti-inflammatory action and is expected to treat and to have prophylactic effects on different diseases. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term administration of curcumin on vascular aging and chronic inflammation—the causes of arteriosclerotic disease. Eight-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD) or 0.1% curcumin-mixed HFD (HFD + Cu) until 80 weeks old (n = 20 for each group). After the breeding, we examined the expression of antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), oxidative stress, vascular aging, and inflammatory changes in the aorta. In the HFD group, oxidative stress increased with decreased sirt1 expression in the aorta followed by increased senescent cells and enhanced inflammation. Whereas in the HFD + Cu group, HO-1 was induced in the aorta with the suppression of oxidative stress. Additionally, it was shown that sirt1 expression in the aorta in the HFD + Cu group remained at a level comparable to that of the 8-week-old mice with suppression of increased senescent cells and enhanced inflammation. Consequently, disorders associated with HFD were resolved. These results suggest that curcumin might be a food with a prophylactic function against arteriosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Takano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
- Takano Hospital, Tokyo 144-0033, Japan.
| | - Junko Tatebe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Naohiro Washizawa
- Nutrition Therapy Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo 143-8541, Japan.
| | - Toshisuke Morita
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Toho University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
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Jaikumkao K, Pongchaidecha A, Chueakula N, Thongnak L, Wanchai K, Chatsudthipong V, Chattipakorn N, Lungkaphin A. Renal outcomes with sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, dapagliflozin, in obese insulin-resistant model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2021-2033. [PMID: 29572114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that obesity and insulin resistance contribute to the progression of renal disease. This study was performed to determine the effects of dapagliflozin, a novel sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on renal and renal organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3) functions in high-fat diet fed rats, a model of obese insulin-resistance. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into two groups, and received either a normal diet (ND) (n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD) (n = 18) for 16 weeks. At week 17, the HFD-fed rats were subdivided into three subgroups (n = 6/subgroup) and received either a vehicle (HFD), dapagliflozin (HFDAP; 1.0 mg/kg/day) or metformin (HFMET; 30 mg/kg/day), by oral gavage for four weeks. Metabolic parameters, renal function, renal Oat3 function, renal oxidative stress, and renal morphology were determined. The results showed that obese insulin-resistant rats induced by HFD feeding had impaired renal function and renal Oat3 function together with increased renal oxidative injury. Dapagliflozin or metformin treatment decreased insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, creatinine clearance and renal oxidative stress leading to improved renal function. However, dapagliflozin treatment decreased blood pressure, serum creatinine, urinary microalbumin and increased glucose excretions, and showed a greater ability to ameliorate impaired renal insulin signaling and glomerular barrier damage than metformin. These data suggest that dapagliflozin had greater efficacy than metformin for attenuating renal dysfunction and improving renal Oat3 function, at least in part by reducing renal oxidative stress and modulating renal insulin signaling pathways, and hence ameliorating renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krit Jaikumkao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nuttawud Chueakula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Laongdao Thongnak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Keerati Wanchai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; School of Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
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Mustafa G, Kursat FM, Ahmet T, Alparslan GF, Omer G, Sertoglu E, Erkan S, Ediz Y, Turker T, Ayhan K. The relationship between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid levels and cardiac autonomic function in obese children. Rev Port Cardiol 2017; 36:499-508. [PMID: 28687367 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood obesity is a worldwide health concern. Studies have shown autonomic dysfunction in obese children. The exact mechanism of this dysfunction is still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (EMFA) levels and cardiac autonomic function in obese children using heart rate variability (HRV). METHODS A total of 48 obese and 32 healthy children were included in this case-control study. Anthropometric and biochemical data, HRV indices, and EMFA levels in both groups were compared statistically. RESULTS HRV parameters including standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (NN), root mean square of successive differences, the number of pairs of successive NNs that differ by >50 ms (NN50), the proportion of NN50 divided by the total number of NNs, high-frequency power, and low-frequency power were lower in obese children compared to controls, implying parasympathetic impairment. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid levels were lower in the obese group (p<0.001 and p=0.012, respectively). In correlation analysis, in the obese group, body mass index standard deviation and linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein levels showed a linear correlation with one or more HRV parameter, and age, eicosapentaenoic acid, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure correlated with mean heart rate. In linear regression analysis, age, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, body mass index standard deviation, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein were related to HRV parameters, implying an effect on cardiac autonomic function. CONCLUSION There is impairment of cardiac autonomic function in obese children. It appears that levels of EMFAs such as linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid play a role in the regulation of cardiac autonomic function in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulgun Mustafa
- Gulhane Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Tas Ahmet
- Gulhane Education and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Genc Fatih Alparslan
- Gulhane Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunes Omer
- Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Woman's Health Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erdem Sertoglu
- Gulhane Education and Research Hospital, Department of Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sarı Erkan
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yesilkaya Ediz
- Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turker Turker
- Gulhane Education and Research Hospital, Department of Epidemiology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kılıc Ayhan
- Gulhane Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ankara, Turkey
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13
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Mustafa G, Kursat FM, Ahmet T, Alparslan GF, Omer G, Sertoglu E, Erkan S, Ediz Y, Turker T, Ayhan K. The relationship between erythrocyte membrane fatty acid levels and cardiac autonomic function in obese children. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Tunapong W, Apaijai N, Yasom S, Tanajak P, Wanchai K, Chunchai T, Kerdphoo S, Eaimworawuthikul S, Thiennimitr P, Pongchaidecha A, Lungkaphin A, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Chronic treatment with prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics attenuated cardiac dysfunction by improving cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in male obese insulin-resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2091-2104. [PMID: 28608320 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In metabolic syndrome, the composition of gut microbiota has been disrupted, and is associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Several types of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics have been shown to exert cardioprotection by restoring gut microbiota from dysbiosis and reducing systemic inflammation. However, the effects of prebiotics such as xylooligosaccharides (XOS); probiotics such as Lactobacillus paracasei STII01 HP4, and synbiotics on metabolic and LV function in obese insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that prebiotics and probiotics improve metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and LV function by attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress, and that synbiotics provide greater efficacy than a single regimen in obese insulin resistance. METHODS Rats were fed with either normal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and then rats in each dietary group were randomly subdivided into four subgroups to receive either a vehicle, prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics for another 12 weeks. Metabolic parameters, BP, HRV, LV function, cardiac mitochondrial function, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS HFD-fed rats had obese insulin resistance with markedly increased systemic inflammatory marker [Serum LPS; ND; 0.6 ± 0.1 EU/ml vs. HFD; 5.7 ± 1.2 EU/ml (p < 0.05)], depressed HRV, and increased BP and LV dysfunction [%ejection fraction; ND; 93 ± 2% vs. HFD; 83 ± 2% (p < 0.05)]. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics attenuated insulin resistance by improving insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles. All interventions also improved HRV, BP, LV function [%ejection fraction; HFV; 81 ± 2% vs. HFPE; 93 ± 3%, HFPO; 92 ± 1%, HFC; 92 ± 2% (p < 0.05)] by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation in obese insulin-resistant rats. CONCLUSION Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics shared similar efficacy in reducing insulin resistance and LV dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannipa Tunapong
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sakawdaurn Yasom
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Keerati Wanchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Titikorn Chunchai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sasiwan Kerdphoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Sathima Eaimworawuthikul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parameth Thiennimitr
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Pongchaidecha
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Lungkaphin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Tanajak P, Pintana H, Siri-Angkul N, Khamseekaew J, Apaijai N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Vildagliptin and caloric restriction for cardioprotection in pre-diabetic rats. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:189-204. [PMID: 27875248 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption causes cardiac dysfunction. Although calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to be useful in obesity, we hypothesized that combined CR with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor provides greater efficacy than monotherapy in attenuating cardiac dysfunction and metabolic impairment in HFD-induced obese-insulin resistant rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups to be fed on either a normal diet (ND, n = 6) or a HFD (n = 24) for 12 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided into 4 subgroups (n = 6/subgroup) to receive just the vehicle, CR diet (60% of mean energy intake and changed to ND), vildagliptin (3 mg/kg/day) or combined CR and vildagliptin for 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function, left ventricular (LV) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21 signaling pathway were determined. Rats on a HFD developed insulin and FGF21 resistance, oxidative stress, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired LV function. Rats on CR alone showed both decreased body weight and visceral fat accumulation, whereas vildagliptin did not alter these parameters. Rats in CR, vildagliptin and CR plus vildagliptin subgroups had improved insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress. However, vildagliptin improved heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac mitochondrial function and LV function better than the CR. Chronic HFD consumption leads to obese-insulin resistance and FGF21 resistance. Although CR is effective in improving metabolic regulation, vildagliptin provides greater efficacy in preventing cardiac dysfunction by improving anti-apoptosis and FGF21 signaling pathways and attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese-insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Hiranya Pintana
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic SciencesFaculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training CenterFaculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology UnitDepartment of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology ResearchChiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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16
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Tanajak P, Sa-nguanmoo P, Wang X, Liang G, Li X, Jiang C, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) therapy attenuates left ventricular dysfunction and metabolic disturbance by improving FGF21 sensitivity, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis and structural changes in pre-diabetic rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 217:287-99. [PMID: 27119620 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) acts as a metabolic regulator and exerts cardioprotective effects. However, the effects of long-term FGF21 administration on the heart under the FGF21-resistant condition in obese, insulin-resistant rats have not been investigated. We hypothesized that long-term FGF21 administration reduces FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and attenuates cardiac dysfunction in obese, insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Eighteen rats were fed on either a normal diet (n = 6) or a high-fat diet (HFD; n = 12) for 12 weeks. Then, rats in the HFD group were divided into two subgroups (n = 6 per subgroup) and received either the vehicle (HFV) or recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 0.1 mg kg(-1) day(-1) ; HFF) injected intraperitoneally for 28 days. The metabolic parameters, inflammation, malondialdehyde (MDA), heart rate variability (HRV), left ventricular (LV) function, cardiac mitochondrial redox homoeostasis, cardiac mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) and anti-apoptotic signalling pathways were determined. RESULTS HFV rats had increased dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, plasma FGF21 levels, TNF-α, adiponectin and MDA, depressed HRV, and impaired LV and mitochondrial function. HFV rats also had decreased cardiac Bcl-2, cardiac PGC-1α and CPT-1 protein expression. However, FGF21 restored metabolic parameters, decreased TNF-α and MDA, increased serum adiponectin, and improved HRV, cardiac mitochondrial and LV function in HFF rats. Moreover, HFF rats had increased cardiac Bcl-2, cardiac PGC-1α and CPT-1 protein expression. CONCLUSION Long-term FGF21 therapy attenuates FGF21 resistance and insulin resistance and exerts cardioprotection by improving cardiometabolic regulation via activating anti-apoptotic and cardiac mitochondrial FAO signalling pathways in obese, insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Tanajak
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - P. Sa-nguanmoo
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - X. Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - G. Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - X. Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - C. Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; University-Town Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - S. C. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences; Faculty of Dentistry; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
| | - N. Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research; Chiang Mai University; Chiang Mai Thailand
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Metabolomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Serum Samples following Curcuma longa Extract Supplementation in High-Fructose and Saturated Fat Fed Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135948. [PMID: 26288372 PMCID: PMC4545834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored, using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics and fatty acids profiling, the effects of a common nutritional complement, Curcuma longa, at a nutritionally relevant dose with human use, administered in conjunction with an unbalanced diet. Indeed, traditional food supplements have been long used to counter metabolic impairments induced by unbalanced diets. Here, rats were fed either a standard diet, a high level of fructose and saturated fatty acid (HFS) diet, a diet common to western countries and that certainly contributes to the epidemic of insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, or a HFS diet with a Curcuma longa extract (1% of curcuminoids in the extract) for ten weeks. Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on the serum NMR profiles and fatty acid composition (determined by GC/MS) showed a clear discrimination between HFS groups and controls. This discrimination involved metabolites such as glucose, amino acids, pyruvate, creatine, phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine, ketone bodies and glycoproteins as well as an increase of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and a decrease of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Although the administration of Curcuma longa did not prevent the observed increase of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels, discriminating metabolites were observed between groups fed HFS alone or with addition of a Curcuma longa extract, namely some MUFA and n-3 PUFA, glycoproteins, glutamine, and methanol, suggesting that curcuminoids may act respectively on the fatty acid metabolism, the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and alcohol oxidation. Curcuma longa extract supplementation appears to be beneficial in these metabolic pathways in rats. This metabolomic approach highlights important serum metabolites that could help in understanding further the metabolic mechanisms leading to IR.
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Pipatpiboon N, Sripetchwandee J, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Effects of PPARγ agonist on heart rate variability and cardiac mitochondrial function in obese-insulin resistant rats. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:121-2. [PMID: 26298351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noppamas Pipatpiboon
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jirapas Sripetchwandee
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Apaijai N, Pintana H, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Effects of vildagliptin versus sitagliptin, on cardiac function, heart rate variability and mitochondrial function in obese insulin-resistant rats. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 169:1048-57. [PMID: 23488656 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption has been shown to cause insulin resistance, which is characterized by hyperinsulinaemia with metabolic inflexibility. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiac sympathovagal imbalance, cardiac dysfunction and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, vildagliptin and sitagliptin, are oral anti-diabetic drugs often prescribed in patients with cardiovascular disease. Therefore, in this study, we sought to determine the effects of vildagliptin and sitagliptin in a murine model of insulin resistance. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g, were fed either a normal diet (20% energy from fat) or a HFD (59% energy from fat) for 12 weeks. These rats were then divided into three subgroups to receive vildagliptin (3 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), sitagliptin (30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or vehicle for another 21 days. Metabolic parameters, oxidative stress, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac function and cardiac mitochondrial function were determined. KEY RESULTS Rats that received HFD developed insulin resistance characterized by increased body weight, plasma insulin, total cholesterol and oxidative stress levels along with a decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Moreover, cardiac dysfunction, depressed HRV, cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac mitochondrial morphology changes were observed in HFD rats. Both vildagliptin and sitagliptin decreased plasma insulin, total cholesterol and oxidative stress as well as increased HDL level. Furthermore, vildagliptin and sitagliptin attenuated cardiac dysfunction, prevented cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction and completely restored HRV. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Both vildagliptin and sitagliptin share similar efficacy in cardioprotection in obese insulin-resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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A newly designed curcumin analog Y20 mitigates cardiac injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions in obese rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120215. [PMID: 25786209 PMCID: PMC4364772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is strongly associated with the cause of structural and functional changes of the heart in both human and animal models. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a critical role in the development of obesity-induced cardiac disorders. Curcumin is a natural product from Curcuma Longa with multiple bioactivities. In our previous study, in order to reach better anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant dual activities, we designed a new mono-carbonyl curcumin analog, Y20, via the structural modification with both trifluoromethyl and bromine. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Y20 on obesity-induced cardiac injury and its underlying mechanisms. In high fat diet–fed rats, oral administration of Y20 at 20 mg/kg or curcumin at 50 mg/kg significantly decreased the cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress and eventually improved the cardiac remodeling by mitigating cardiac disorganization, hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis. Y20 at 20 mg/kg showed comparable and even stronger bioactivities than curcumin at 50 mg/kg. The beneficial actions of Y20 are closely associated with its ability to increase Nrf2 expression and inhibit NF-κB activation. Taken together, these results suggest that Y20 may have a great therapeutic potential in the treatment of obesity-induced cardiac injury using Nrf2 and NF-κB as the therapeutic targets for treating obesity-related disorders.
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Zeng C, Zhong P, Zhao Y, Kanchana K, Zhang Y, Khan ZA, Chakrabarti S, Wu L, Wang J, Liang G. Curcumin protects hearts from FFA-induced injury by activating Nrf2 and inactivating NF-κB both in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014; 79:1-12. [PMID: 25444713 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and increased free fatty acid (FFA) level are tightly linked, leading to the development of cardiovascular disorders. Curcumin is a natural product from Curcuma longa with multiple bioactivities and is known to have cardioprotective effects in several cellular and animal models. The current study was designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of curcumin and demonstrate the underlying mechanism in FFA-induced cardiac injury. Using cell culture studies and high fat in vivo model, we explored the mechanistic basis of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of curcumin. We observed that palmitate (PA) treatment in cardiac derived H9C2 cells induced a marked increase in reactive oxygen species, inflammation, apoptosis and hypertrophy. All of these changes were effectively suppressed by curcumin treatment. In addition, oral administration of curcumin at 50mg/kg completely suppressed high fat diet-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis, hypertrophy and tissue remodeling in mice. The beneficial actions of curcumin are closely associated with its ability to increase Nrf2 expression and inhibit NF-κB activation. Thus, both in vitro and in vivo studies showed a promising role of curcumin as a cardioprotective agent against palmitate and high fat diet mediated cardiac dysfunction. We indicated the regulatory roles of Nrf2 and NF-κB in obesity-induced heart injury, and suggested that they may be important therapeutic targets in the treatment of obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The 5th Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The 5th Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang, China; Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Karvannan Kanchana
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zia A Khan
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | | | - Lianpin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2th Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Novel insights of dietary polyphenols and obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1-18. [PMID: 24314860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 594] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the past three decades both in the United States and worldwide. Recent studies have shown the role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Here, we evaluated the impact of commonly consumed polyphenols, including green tea catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallates, resveratrol and curcumin, on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. Cellular studies demonstrated that these dietary polyphenols reduce viability of adipocytes and proliferation of preadipocytes, suppress adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation, stimulate lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, and reduce inflammation. Concomitantly, the polyphenols modulate signaling pathways including the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma activator 1-alpha, sirtuin 1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, uncoupling proteins 1 and 2, and nuclear factor-κB that regulate adipogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Animal studies strongly suggest that commonly consumed polyphenols described in this review have a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by lower body weight, fat mass and triglycerides through enhancing energy expenditure and fat utilization, and modulating glucose hemostasis. Limited human studies have been conducted in this area and are inconsistent about the antiobesity impact of dietary polyphenols probably due to the various study designs and lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), chemical forms of the dietary polyphenols used and confounding factors such as other weight-reducing agents. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to reconcile the discrepancies between preclinical efficacies and inconclusive clinic outcomes of these polyphenols.
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Turmeric (Curcuma longa) whole powder reduces accumulation of visceral fat mass and increases hepatic oxidative stress in rats fed a high-fat diet. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Dawson DR, Branch-Mays G, Gonzalez OA, Ebersole JL. Dietary modulation of the inflammatory cascade. Periodontol 2000 2013; 64:161-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00458.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Protective effects of garlic extract on cardiac function, heart rate variability, and cardiac mitochondria in obese insulin-resistant rats. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:919-28. [PMID: 24142245 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Garlic has been shown to exhibit antioxidant effects and cardioprotective properties. However, the effects of garlic extract on the heart in insulin resistance induced by long-term high-fat-diet consumption are not well defined. Therefore, we sought to determine the effects of garlic extract in the obese insulin-resistant rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were divided into two groups: normal-diet or high-fat-diet (n = 24/group) fed for 12 weeks. Rats in each groups were divided into three subgroups (n = 8 each): vehicle or garlic extract (250 or 500 mg/kg/day, respectively) treated for 28 days. At the end of the treatment, the metabolic parameters, heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac function, and cardiac mitochondrial function were determined. RESULTS Rats that received a high-fat-diet for 12 weeks had increased body weight, visceral fat, plasma insulin levels, total cholesterol, oxidative stress levels, depressed HRV, and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Garlic extract at both concentrations significantly decreased the plasma insulin, total cholesterol, homeostasis model assessment index, and oxidative stress levels. Furthermore, garlic extract at both doses restored the HRV, cardiac function, and cardiac mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION We concluded that garlic extract at both concentrations exerted cardioprotective effects against cardiac dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction in obese insulin-resistant rats.
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Zingg JM, Hasan ST, Meydani M. Molecular mechanisms of hypolipidemic effects of curcumin. Biofactors 2013; 39:101-21. [PMID: 23339042 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests potential benefits from phytochemicals and micronutrients in reducing the elevated oxidative and lipid-mediated stress associated with inflammation, obesity, and atherosclerosis. These compounds may either directly scavenge reactive oxygen or nitrogen species or they may modulate the activity of signal transduction enzymes leading to changes in the expression of antioxidant genes. Alternatively, they may reduce plasma lipid levels by modulating lipid metabolic genes in tissues and thus reduce indirectly lipid-mediated oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress through their hypolipidemic effect. Here we review the proposed molecular mechanisms by which curcumin, a polyphenol present in the rhizomes of turmeric (Curcuma longa) spice, influences oxidative and lipid-mediated stress in the vascular system. At the molecular level, mounting experimental evidence suggests that curcumin may act chemically as scavenger of free radicals and/or influences signal transduction (e.g., Akt, AMPK) and modulates the activity of specific transcription factors (e.g., FOXO1/3a, NRF2, SREBP1/2, CREB, CREBH, PPARγ, and LXRα) that regulate the expression of genes involved in free radicals scavenging (e.g., catalase, MnSOD, and heme oxygenase-1) and lipid homeostasis (e.g., aP2/FABP4, CD36, HMG-CoA reductase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-1)). At the cellular level, curcumin may induce a mild oxidative and lipid-metabolic stress leading to an adaptive cellular stress response by hormetic stimulation of these cellular antioxidant defense systems and lipid metabolic enzymes. The resulting lower oxidative and lipid-mediated stress may not only explain the beneficial effects of curcumin on inflammation, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disease, but may also contribute to the increase in maximum life-span observed in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA-Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Na LX, Li Y, Pan HZ, Zhou XL, Sun DJ, Meng M, Li XX, Sun CH. Curcuminoids exert glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes by decreasing serum free fatty acids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 57:1569-77. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xin Na
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Hong-Zhi Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- Department of Type B Transonic Diagnosis; 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Dian-Jun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Man Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xia Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
| | - Chang-Hao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene; Public Health College; Harbin Medical University; Harbin; P. R. China
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Apaijai N, Pintana H, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Cardioprotective effects of metformin and vildagliptin in adult rats with insulin resistance induced by a high-fat diet. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3878-85. [PMID: 22621958 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance has been shown to be associated with cardiac sympathovagal imbalance, myocardial dysfunction, and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Whereas metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug to improve insulin resistance, vildagliptin is a novel oral antidiabetic drug in a group of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in which its cardiac effect is unclear. This study aimed to determine the cardiovascular effects of metformin and vildagliptin in rats with insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet. Male Wistar rats were fed with either a normal diet or high-fat diet (n =24 each) for 12 wk. Rats in each group were divided into three subgroups to receive the vehicle, metformin (30 mg/kg, twice daily), or vildagliptin (3 mg/kg, once daily) for another 21 d. Heart rate variability (HRV), cardiac function, and cardiac mitochondrial function were determined and compared among these treatment groups. Rats exposed to a high-fat diet developed increased body weight, visceral fat, plasma insulin, cholesterol, oxidative stress, depressed HRV, and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Metformin and vildagliptin did not alter body weight and plasma glucose levels but decreased the plasma insulin, total cholesterol, and oxidative stress levels. Although both metformin and vildagliptin attenuated the depressed HRV, cardiac dysfunction, and cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, vildagliptin was more effective in this prevention. Furthermore, only vildagliptin prevented cardiac mitochondrial membrane depolarization caused by consumption of a high-fat diet. We concluded that vildagliptin is more effective in preventing cardiac sympathovagal imbalance and cardiac dysfunction, as well as cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, than metformin in rats with insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattayaporn Apaijai
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Zhao HL, Song CH, Chai OH. Negative Effects of Curcumin on Liver Injury Induced by Alcohol. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1857-63. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Zhao
- Department of Anatomy; Chonbuk National University Medical School; Jeonju; Republic of Korea
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González-Castejón M, Rodriguez-Casado A. Dietary phytochemicals and their potential effects on obesity: A review. Pharmacol Res 2011; 64:438-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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New mechanisms and the anti-inflammatory role of curcumin in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Eur J Nutr 2011; 50:151-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Aggarwal BB. Targeting inflammation-induced obesity and metabolic diseases by curcumin and other nutraceuticals. Annu Rev Nutr 2010; 30:173-99. [PMID: 20420526 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.012809.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research within the past two decades has revealed that obesity, a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and other chronic diseases, is a proinflammatory disease. Several spices have been shown to exhibit activity against obesity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Among them, curcumin, a yellow pigment derived from the spice turmeric (an essential component of curry powder), has been investigated most extensively as a treatment for obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. Curcumin directly interacts with adipocytes, pancreatic cells, hepatic stellate cells, macrophages, and muscle cells. There, it suppresses the proinflammatory transcription factors nuclear factor-kappa B, signal transducer and activators of transcription-3, and Wnt/beta-catenin, and it activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and Nrf2 cell-signaling pathways, thus leading to the downregulation of adipokines, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, resistin, leptin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and the upregulation of adiponectin and other gene products. These curcumin-induced alterations reverse insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and other symptoms linked to obesity. Other structurally homologous nutraceuticals, derived from red chili, cinnamon, cloves, black pepper, and ginger, also exhibit effects against obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Daleprane JB, Chagas MA, Vellarde GC, Ramos CF, Boaventura GT. The impact of non- and genetically modified soybean diets in aorta wall remodeling. J Food Sci 2010; 75:T126-31. [PMID: 21535576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nongenetically modified soybean (non-GMS) and genetically modified soybean (GMS) meal on growth and cardiometabolic parameters in rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups (n= 10): non-GMS, GMS, and control group (CG). All animals received water and an isocaloric diet ad libitum for 455 d. Blood was drawn by cardiac puncture, and serum was separated for subsequent biochemical analyses (total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, insulin, glucose, and testosterone). The aorta was quickly harvested and fixed; the body fat mass was removed and weighed. Non-GMS and GMS had a growth index (GI) similar to CG but with a lower body weight (P < 0.05) and a lower amount of body fat mass (P < 0.05). Total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, glucose concentrations, and aortic tunics were reduced (P < 0.05) in non-GMS and GMS compared to CG. Non-GMS and GMS are able to reduced serum cholesterol, triacylglycerols, glucose, and aortic remodeling in aged rats. No differences were observed between non-GMS and GMS in all parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio B Daleprane
- Dept. of Nutrition and Dietetics, Experimental Nutrition Laboratory, College of Nutrition, Federal Fluminense Univ., 24020-140, 30/5th floor, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Curcuminoids: Spicing up sympathovagal tone. Nutrition 2009; 25:879-80. [PMID: 19539177 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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