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Bojarczuk A, Egorova ES, Dzitkowska-Zabielska M, Ahmetov II. Genetics of Exercise and Diet-Induced Fat Loss Efficiency: A Systematic Review. J Sports Sci Med 2024; 23:236-257. [PMID: 38455434 PMCID: PMC10915602 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2024.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Physical exercise and dieting are well-known and effective methods for fat loss and improving cardiovascular health. However, different individuals often react differently to the same exercise regimen or dietary plan. While specific individuals may undergo substantial fat loss, others may observe only limited effects. A wide range of inter-individual variability in weight gain and changes in body composition induced by physical exercises and diets led to an investigation into the genetic factors that may contribute to the individual variations in such responses. This systematic review aimed at identifying the genetic markers associated with fat loss resulting from diet or exercise. A search of the current literature was performed using the PubMed database. Forty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria when assessing genetic markers associated with weight loss efficiency in response to different types of exercises and diets. Overall, we identified 30 genetic markers of fat-loss efficiency in response to different kinds of diets and 24 in response to exercise. Most studies (n = 46) used the candidate gene approach. We should aspire to the customized selection of exercise and dietary plans for each individual to prevent and treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bojarczuk
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emiliya S Egorova
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | | | - Ildus I Ahmetov
- Laboratory of Genetics of Aging and Longevity, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
- Sports Genetics Laboratory, St Petersburg Research Institute of Physical Culture, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Center for Phygital Education and Innovative Sports Technologies, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Tan PY, Moore JB, Bai L, Tang G, Gong YY. In the context of the triple burden of malnutrition: A systematic review of gene-diet interactions and nutritional status. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3235-3263. [PMID: 36222100 PMCID: PMC11000749 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic background interacts with dietary components to modulate nutritional health status. This study aimed to review the evidence for gene-diet interactions in all forms of malnutrition. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted through April 2021 to identify observational and intervention studies reporting the effects of gene-diet interactions in over-nutrition, under-nutrition and micronutrient status. Risk of publication bias was assessed using the Quality Criteria Checklist and a tool specifically designed for gene-diet interaction research. 167 studies from 27 populations were included. The majority of studies investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in overnutrition (n = 158). Diets rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits and low in total and saturated fats, such as Mediterranean and DASH diets, showed promising effects for reducing obesity risk among individuals who had higher genetic risk scores for obesity, particularly the risk alleles carriers of FTO rs9939609, rs1121980 and rs1421085. Other SNPs in MC4R, PPARG and APOA5 genes were also commonly studied for interaction with diet on overnutrition though findings were inconclusive. Only limited data were found related to undernutrition (n = 1) and micronutrient status (n = 9). The findings on gene-diet interactions in this review highlight the importance of personalized nutrition, and more research on undernutrition and micronutrient status is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Bai
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - GuYuan Tang
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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de Souza AMA, Ecelbarger CM, Sandberg K. Caloric Restriction and Cardiovascular Health: the Good, the Bad, and the Renin-Angiotensin System. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:220-234. [PMID: 34159807 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Much excitement exists over the cardioprotective and life-extending effects of caloric restriction (CR). This review integrates population studies with experimental animal research to address the positive and negative impact of mild and severe CR on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, with a particular focus on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We also highlight the gaps in knowledge and areas ripe for future physiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M A de Souza
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Carolyn M Ecelbarger
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kathryn Sandberg
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Montes-de-Oca-García A, Perez-Bey A, Velázquez-Díaz D, Corral-Pérez J, Opazo-Díaz E, Rebollo-Ramos M, Gómez-Gallego F, Cuenca-García M, Casals C, Ponce-González JG. Influence of ACE Gene I/D Polymorphism on Cardiometabolic Risk, Maximal Fat Oxidation, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Diet and Physical Activity in Young Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3443. [PMID: 33810312 PMCID: PMC8036598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
There is controversy about the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism and health. Seventy-four healthy adults (n = 28 women; 22.5 ± 4.2 years) participated in this cross-sectional study aimed at determining the influence of ACE I/D polymorphism, ascertained by polymerase chain reaction, on cardiometabolic risk (i.e., waist circumference, body fat, blood pressure (BP), glucose, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers), maximal fat oxidation (MFO), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), physical activity and diet. Our results showed differences by ACE I/D polymorphism in systolic BP (DD: 116.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; ID: 116.7 ± 6.3 mmHg; II: 109.4 ± 12.3 mmHg, p = 0.035) and body fat (DD: 27.3 ± 10.8%; ID: 22.6 ± 9.7%; II: 19.3 ± 7.1%, p = 0.030). Interestingly, a genotype*sex interaction in relativized MFO by lean mass (p = 0.048) was found. The DD polymorphism had higher MFO values than ID/II polymorphisms in men (8.4 ± 3.0 vs. 6.5 ± 2.9 mg/kg/min), while the ID/II polymorphisms showed higher R-MFO values than DD polymorphism in women (6.6 ± 2.3 vs. 7.6 ± 2.6 mg/kg/min). In conclusion, ACE I/D polymorphism is apparently associated with adiposity and BP, where a protective effect can be attributed to the II genotype, but not with cardiorespiratory fitness, diet and physical activity. Moreover, our study highlighted that there is a sexual dimorphism in the influence of ACE I/D gene polymorphism on MFO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Montes-de-Oca-García
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (A.M.-d.-O.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (J.C.-P.); (E.O.-D.); (M.R.-R.); (J.G.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Perez-Bey
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (A.M.-d.-O.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (J.C.-P.); (E.O.-D.); (M.R.-R.); (J.G.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
| | - Juan Corral-Pérez
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (A.M.-d.-O.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (J.C.-P.); (E.O.-D.); (M.R.-R.); (J.G.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
| | - Edgardo Opazo-Díaz
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (A.M.-d.-O.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (J.C.-P.); (E.O.-D.); (M.R.-R.); (J.G.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - María Rebollo-Ramos
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (A.M.-d.-O.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (J.C.-P.); (E.O.-D.); (M.R.-R.); (J.G.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
| | - Félix Gómez-Gallego
- Faculty of Health Sciences, International University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain;
| | - Magdalena Cuenca-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (A.M.-d.-O.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (J.C.-P.); (E.O.-D.); (M.R.-R.); (J.G.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
| | - Jesús G. Ponce-González
- MOVE-IT Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Puerto Real, Spain; (A.M.-d.-O.-G.); (D.V.-D.); (J.C.-P.); (E.O.-D.); (M.R.-R.); (J.G.P.-G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Uniersitario Puerta del Mar, Universidad de Cádiz, 11009 Cádiz, Spain; (A.P.-B.); (M.C.-G.)
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Yamakage H, Konishi Y, Muranaka K, Hotta K, Miyamoto Y, Morisaki H, Morisaki T, Satoh-Asahara N. Association of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B gene polymorphism with the effects of weight reduction therapy on bodyweight and glycolipid profiles in obese patients. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 12:1462-1470. [PMID: 33400373 PMCID: PMC8354504 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Weight reduction therapy is the primary treatment to prevent complications of obesity, such as lifestyle diseases and cardiovascular disease; however, to date, useful methods and genetic factors for predicting the outcomes of weight reduction therapy in obese patients have not been established. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator for insulin and leptin signaling, potentially modulates glucose and energy homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of PTPN1 polymorphisms on weight reduction and diabetes in obese Japanese patients. Materials and Methods PTPN1‐tagged single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs3787348 and rs6067484 were genotyped in 447 obese Japanese patients from the general population. In this prospective cohort study, all obese patients underwent a 3‐month weight reduction therapy with lifestyle modifications, as recommended by guidelines. Results In obese patients (male/female 196/251, age 50 ± 15 years, body mass index [BMI] 32 ± 6 kg/m2), the minor allele appeared at a frequency of 45.5% in rs3787348 SNP of the PTPN1 gene. The T allele of rs3787348 was significantly associated with a higher BMI (P = 0.041 in the additive model). The patients with the T allele in SNP rs3787348 of PTPN1 had significantly smaller reductions in BMI, bodyweight and waist circumference levels during weight reduction therapy (BMI G/G, −1.9 ± 0.2; G/T, −1.5 ± 0.1; T/T, −1.2 ± 0.1; P = 0.001 in the additive model). Conclusions Our findings show that the SNP rs3787348 in PTPN1 was associated with the effects of weight reduction therapy on BMI and waist circumference among obese Japanese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yousuke Konishi
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Muranaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kikuko Hotta
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Open Innovation Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroko Morisaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sakakibara Heart Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Morisaki
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Satoh-Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension Research, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Crisafulli
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Torino, Italy
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Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle: focus on exercise training. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1487-1507. [PMID: 30037837 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system (RAS) increases the classical arm (Ang-converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang type 1 receptor (AT1R)) to the detriment of the protective arm (ACE2/Ang 1-7/Mas receptor (MasR)). The components of the RAS are present locally in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle, which act co-operatively, through specific mediators, in response to pathophysiological changes. In WAT, up-regulation of the classical arm promotes lipogenesis and reduces lipolysis and adipogenesis, leading to adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid storage, which are related to insulin resistance and increased inflammation. In skeletal muscle, the classical arm promotes protein degradation and increases the inflammatory status and oxidative stress, leading to muscle wasting. Conversely, the protective arm plays a counter-regulatory role by opposing the effect of Ang II. The accumulation of adipose tissue and muscle mass loss is associated with a higher risk of morbidity and mortality, which could be related, in part, to overactivation of the RAS. On the other hand, exercise training (ExT) shifts the balance of the RAS towards the protective arm, promoting the inhibition of the classical arm in parallel with the stimulation of the protective arm. Thus, fat mobilization and maintenance of muscle mass and function are facilitated. However, the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced changes in the RAS remain unclear. In this review, we present the RAS as a key mechanism of WAT and skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the interaction between the RAS and exercise and the possible underlying mechanisms of the health-related aspects of ExT.
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Yoo KH, Yim HE, Bae ES, Hong YS. Genetic Contributions to Childhood Obesity: Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms and Overweight/Obesity in Korean Preschool Children. J Korean Med Sci 2017; 32:1997-2004. [PMID: 29115082 PMCID: PMC5680499 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2017.32.12.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the association of candidate gene polymorphisms and obesity or overweight in young Korean children. A total of 190 Korean preschool children (96 control, 48 overweight, and 46 obese children) were genotyped for the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2) C3123A, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 T869C, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) T460C, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α G308A polymorphisms. No differences were found among the groups with respect to age, sex, birth weight, blood pressure levels, and serum concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol. Obese children showed a higher incidence of ACE DD genotype and D allelic frequency compared to the controls (odds ratio [OR], 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-7.21; OR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.49-4.19; all P < 0.05). The frequency of TC genotype and C allele in the TGF-β1 T869C polymorphism (OR, 2.08, 95% CI, 1.01-4.27; OR, 1.93, 95% CI, 1.15-3.21) and that in the VEGF T460C polymorphism (OR, 2.5, 95% CI, 1.19-5.28; OR, 2.15, 95% CI, 1.26-3.68) was also higher in obese children than in control subjects (all P < 0.05). Overweight children exhibited a higher frequency of the A allele in the AT2 C3123A polymorphism compared to the controls (OR, 1.72, 95% CI, 1.03-2.88, P < 0.05). There were no differences in the TNF-α G308A polymorphism among the groups. The ACE I/D, AT2 C3123A, TGF-β1 T869C, and VEGF T460C polymorphisms can affect susceptibility to obesity or overweight in Korean children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Yim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea.
| | - Eun Soo Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Young Sook Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
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Kitaoka K, Kitade A, Nagaoka J, Tsuzaki K, Harada K, Aoi W, Wada S, Asano H, Sakane N, Higashi A. Lifestyle intervention might easily improve blood pressure in hypertensive men with the C genotype of angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 9:385-92. [PMID: 26244077 PMCID: PMC4523482 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.4.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Recent studies have reported an association of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) 3123Cytosine/Adenine (3123C/A) polymorphism with essential hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism affects blood pressure for free-living hypertensive men during a 5-month intervention period. SUBJECTS/METHODS The subjects were free-living hypertensive Japanese men aged 40 to 75 years who agreed to intervention in the period from 2004 to 2011. Detection of the AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. The dietary intervention was designed to decrease salt level and to increase potassium level through cooking instructions and self-monitoring of the diet. The exercise session consisted of activities such as stretching, resistance training, and walking. Blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium excretion, dietary and lifestyle data, and non-fasting venous blood sample were collected at baseline and after the intervention period. RESULTS Thirty nine subjects were eligible for participation and the follow-up rate was 97.4%. The C allele proportion was 57.9%. AT2R 3123C/A polymorphism was X-chromosome-linked, therefore we analyzed the C and A genotypes. At baseline, no significant differences were observed between the genotype groups. After the intervention, there were no significant differences in lifestyle habit between the groups. Nevertheless, the estimated salt excretion (g/day) was significantly decreased only in the C genotype (13.0-10.3, P = 0.031). No significant change was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) in the A genotype, but a significant decrease was observed in the C genotype (150.0-141.5, P = 0.024). CONCLUSTIONS In the C genotype, it might be easy to improve SBP through lifestyle intervention in free-living hypertensive Japanese men, however generalization could not be achieved by the small sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Kitaoka
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, 38 Kadono-cho, Nishikyogoku, Ukyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-0882, Japan. ; Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Azusa Kitade
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junko Nagaoka
- Health Promotion Division, Higashiosaka City Public Health Office, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kokoro Tsuzaki
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Harada
- School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sayori Wada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Asano
- School of Nursing, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Diabetes Education, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akane Higashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
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Bouwman FG, Boer JMA, Imholz S, Wang P, Verschuren WMM, Dollé MET, Mariman ECM. Gender-specific genetic associations of polymorphisms in ACE, AKR1C2, FTO and MMP2 with weight gain over a 10-year period. GENES AND NUTRITION 2014; 9:434. [PMID: 25322899 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-014-0434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Weight gain, when it leads to overweight or obesity, is nowadays one of the major health problems. ACE, FTO, AKR1C2, TIMP4 and MMP2 genes have been implicated in previous studies on weight regulation. This study investigated the contribution of polymorphisms in these five candidate genes to the risk of weight gain over a 10-year time period. Two groups were selected from participants of the Doetinchem cohort study who were followed over a 10-year period: A stable weight group (±2 kg/10 year; n = 259) and a weight gainers group who increased their body weight by roughly 10 % (>8 kg/10 year; n = 237). Starting BMI was between 20 and 35 kg/m(2) and baseline age between 20 and 45 years. Selected SNPs and insert/deletion in candidate genes were measured in each group. In men, the allelic distribution of FTO rs9939609 (χ (2) p = 0.005), ACE rs4340 (χ (2) p = 0.006) and AKR1C2 rs12249281 (χ (2) p = 0.019) differed between the weight stable and weight gainers group. Interaction between FTO rs9939609 and ACE rs4340 was observed. In women, the allelic distribution of MMP2 rs1132896 differed between the weight stable and weight gainers group (χ (2) p = 0.00001). The A-allele of FTO was associated with a 1.99× higher risk of gaining weight in men (OR 1.99, p = 0.020), while in women, the C-allele of MMP2 was associated with a 2.50× higher risk of weight gain (OR 2.50, p = 0.001) over the 10-year period. We found that FTO in men and MMP2 in women are associated with weight gain over a 10-year follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek G Bouwman
- Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
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Quilter CR, Cooper WN, Cliffe KM, Skinner BM, Prentice PM, Nelson L, Bauer J, Ong KK, Constância M, Lowe WL, Affara NA, Dunger DB. Impact on offspring methylation patterns of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restraint suggest common genes and pathways linked to subsequent type 2 diabetes risk. FASEB J 2014; 28:4868-79. [PMID: 25145626 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-255240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Size at birth, postnatal weight gain, and adult risk for type 2 diabetes may reflect environmental exposures during developmental plasticity and may be mediated by epigenetics. Both low birth weight (BW), as a marker of fetal growth restraint, and high birth weight (BW), especially after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), have been linked to increased risk of adult type 2 diabetes. We assessed DNA methylation patterns using a bead chip in cord blood samples from infants of mothers with GDM (group 1) and infants with prenatal growth restraint indicated by rapid postnatal catch-up growth (group 2), compared with infants with normal postnatal growth (group 3). Seventy-five CpG loci were differentially methylated in groups 1 and 2 compared with the controls (group 3), representing 72 genes, many relevant to growth and diabetes. In replication studies using similar methodology, many of these differentially methylated regions were associated with levels of maternal glucose exposure below that defined by GDM [the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study] or were identified as changes observed after randomized periconceptional nutritional supplementation in a Gambian cohort characterized by maternal deprivation. These studies provide support for the concept that similar epigenetic modifications may underpin different prenatal exposures and potentially increase long-term risk for diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendy N Cooper
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Trophoblast Research, and
| | - Kerry M Cliffe
- Mammalian Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Pathology
| | | | - Philippa M Prentice
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
| | - LaTasha Nelson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julien Bauer
- Mammalian Molecular Genetics Group, Department of Pathology
| | - Ken K Ong
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
| | - Miguel Constância
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Medical Research Council (MRC) Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Trophoblast Research, and
| | - William L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - David B Dunger
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; and
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vinh quốc Lu'o'ng K, Nguyễn LTH. The beneficial role of vitamin D in obesity: possible genetic and cell signaling mechanisms. Nutr J 2013; 12:89. [PMID: 23800102 PMCID: PMC3702462 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity are considered an important public issue in the United States, and both of these conditions are increasing among both children and adults. There is evidence of aberrations in the vitamin D-endocrine system in obese subjects. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with obesity, and many studies have demonstrated the significant effect of calcitriol on adipocytes. Genetic studies have provided an opportunity to determine which proteins link vitamin D to obesity pathology, including the vitamin D receptor, toll-like receptors, the renin-angiotensin system, apolipoprotein E, vascular endothelial growth factor, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Vitamin D also exerts its effect on obesity through cell-signaling mechanisms, including matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, vitamin D may have a role in obesity. The best form of vitamin D for use in the obese individuals is calcitriol because it is the active form of the vitamin D3 metabolite, its receptors are present in adipocytes, and modulates inflammatory cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh vinh quốc Lu'o'ng
- Vietnamese American Medical Research Foundation, 14971 Brookhurst Street, Westminster, CA 92683, USA.
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Yang SJ, Kim S, Park H, Kim SM, Choi KM, Lim Y, Lee M. Sex-dependent association between angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and obesity in relation to sodium intake in children. Nutrition 2013; 29:525-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Martinez-Lopez E, Garcia-Garcia MR, Gonzalez-Avalos JM, Maldonado-Gonzalez M, Ruiz-Madrigal B, Vizmanos B, Hernandez-Nazara Z, Roman S, Panduro A. Effect of Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 on anthropometric and biochemical variables in response to a moderate-fat diet. Nutrition 2012; 29:46-51. [PMID: 22817827 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP2) gene Ala54Thr polymorphism on anthropometric and biochemical variables in response to a moderate-fat diet in overweight or obese subjects. METHODS One hundred nine subjects with a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m(2) were studied. Participants underwent a dietary intervention that consisted of 30% fat (saturated fat <7% of total calories), 15% protein, and 55% carbohydrates. The FABP2 genotypes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Anthropometric and biochemical data were measured at baseline, 1 mo, and 2 mo of nutritional intervention. RESULTS The mean age was 38.6 ± 11.3 y and the mean body mass index 32.7 ± 6.1 kg/m(2), with 20 men (18%) and 89 women (82%). Fifty-three patients (48.6%) had genotype Ala54Ala (wild-type group) and 56 patients had genotype Ala54Thr/Thr54Thr (51.4%, mutant group). At baseline, no significant difference was found between the FABP2 genotypes groups, except for the carbohydrate intake and resting metabolic rate, which were higher in the Ala54Thr/Thr54Thr group (P < 0.05). At 2 mo, participants had lost 6.8% of their initial weight. The Ala54Thr/Thr54Thr group compared with the Ala54Ala group showed significant decreases in the parameters of weight (-7.5 versus -4.2 kg), body mass index (-2.1 versus -1.2 kg/m(2)), waist circumference (-7.6 versus -5.2 cm), waist-to-hip ratio (-0.04 versus -0.02), and C-reactive protein (-1.4 versus -0.76 mg/L), respectively (P < 0.05). After the resting metabolic rate was adjusted, the decreases in waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and C-reactive protein remained significant between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the Thr54 allele carriers responded better to a moderate-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Martinez-Lopez
- Deparment of Molecular Biology in Medicine, Civil Hospital of Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Vitamin C status and perception of effort during exercise in obese adults adhering to a calorie-reduced diet. Nutrition 2012; 29:42-5. [PMID: 22677357 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Moderate energy restriction and exercise are recommended for effective weight loss. Obese individuals oxidize less fat and report a higher perceived exertion during exercise, characteristics that may negatively influence exercise behavior. Because vitamin C status has been linked to fatigability, we compared the effects of vitamin C supplementation on self-reported fatigue and on the respiratory exchange ratio and the Ratings of Perceived Exertion scale during moderate exercise in healthy obese adults adhering to a hypocaloric diet. METHODS Twenty adults (4 men and 16 women) were stratified and randomly assigned to receive 500 mg of vitamin C (VC) or placebo (CON) daily for 4 wk while adhering to a vitamin C-controlled, calorie-restricted diet. Feelings of general fatigue as assessed by the Profile of Mood States questionnaire were recorded on a separate day from the exercise session at weeks 0 and 4. Participants walked on a treadmill at an intensity of 50% predicted maximal oxygen consumption for 60 min at weeks 0 and 4, and heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, and Ratings of Perceived Exertion were recorded. RESULTS After 4 wk, the two groups lost similar amounts of weight (≈ 4 kg), and the respiratory exchange ratio was not altered by group. Heart rate and the Ratings of Perceived Exertion during exercise were significantly decreased in the VC versus the CON group (-11 versus -3 beats/min, P = 0.022, and -1.3 versus +0.1 U, P = 0.001, respectively), and the general fatigue score was decreased 5.9 U for the VC group versus a 1.9 U increase for the CON group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION These data provide preliminary evidence that vitamin C status may influence fatigue, heart rate, and perceptions of exertion during moderate exercise in obese individuals.
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Kim OY, Lee SM, Chung JH, Do HJ, Moon J, Shin MJ. Arginase I and the very low-density lipoprotein receptor are associated with phenotypic biomarkers for obesity. Nutrition 2012; 28:635-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Individualized Weight Management: What Can Be Learned from Nutrigenomics and Nutrigenetics? PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:347-82. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Obesity is known as an independent risk factor for renal injury. Sympathetic nerve activation may have an important role of the pathogenesis of obesity, and hypertension may underpin the development of cardiovascular events. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of weight loss (WL) on renal function, especially focusing on sympathetic nervous activity. In 154 overweight or obese Japanese men (89 normotensive and 65 untreated mild hypertensive subjects), body weight, body mass index (BMI), total body fat mass, blood pressure (BP), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine clearance (CCr) (calculated with the Cockcroft-Gault equation) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were measured before and after a 12-month period of WL with a mild caloric-restricted diet and exercise. A significant WL was defined as 10% or more WL compared with the entry period. In total, 97 (63.0%) subjects succeeded in significant (by 14.3%) WL at 12 months, and 57 subjects (37.0%) did not succeed in significant WL but they lost 7.7% weight. At entry, levels of plasma NE, serum creatinine and fat mass were significantly lower and CCr was greater in the group with a significant WL compared with those without WL. BMI, total body fat mass and plasma NE significantly decreased, and CCr increased with WL. At both baseline and at the 12-month period, fat mass and plasma NE negatively correlated with CCr and positively correlated with creatinine at each time point. Changes in fat mass and plasma NE over 12 months correlated with changes in creatinine, and only changes in fat mass negatively correlated with changes in CCr. Basal fat mass and plasma NE correlated positively with serum creatinine at 12 months and negatively with CCr at the same time point. In multiple regression analyses, basal plasma NE and fat mass were significant determinants of serum creatinine levels and CCr at 12 months. In conclusion, WL improved renal function (as evident from measures of creatinine and CCr) in overweight individuals. Basal plasma NE levels and total body fat mass could be predictors for improvement in renal function associated with WL. Suppression of sympathetic nervous activation associated with WL may have a role in the ameliorative effects on renal function.
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Procopciuc LM, Sitar-Tăut A, Pop D, Sitar-Tăut DA, Olteanu I, Zdrenghea D. Renin angiotensin system polymorphisms in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Eur J Intern Med 2010; 21:414-8. [PMID: 20816596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes associated with hypertension could be genetic risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). AIM To determine the frequency of M235T and T174M-AGT, I/D-ACE and A1166C-AGTR1 in hypertensive patients with MetS and to evaluate the relationship between these polymorphisms and central obesity and dyslipidemia, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed AGT, AGTR1 and ACE genotyping in 56 hypertensive women (24 with MetS) and 71 normotensive women using PCR-RFLP methods and PCR, respectively. RESULTS Hypertensive patients carrying the mutated TT235, MM174 and DD genotypes had an 1.53 (p=0.56), 1.78 (p=0.52) and 1.28 (p=0.78)-fold increased risk to develop MetS. Hypertensive carriers of both mutated TT235 and MM174 or TT235 and D/D or TT235 and CC+AC genotypes had an 8.15 (p=0.04), 4.83 (p=0.04) and 10.53 (p=0.05)-fold increased risk to develop MetS. Hypertensive patients with MetS and TT, D/D or CC genotypes had higher body mass index compared to hypertensive patients without MetS (p</=0.05 for all the genotypes). Hypertensive patients with MetS and TT235, MM174, D/D or CC1166 genotypes had higher triglyceride levels, lower HDL-cholesterol levels and higher waist circumference compared to hypertensive patients without MetS (p</=0.05, except for the association between CC1166 and HDL-cholesterol level). CONCLUSIONS The effect of the T174M, I/D and A1166C polymorphisms on MetS may depend on the M235T polymorphism. Among hypertensive subjects with MetS, the presence of TT235, MM174, DD and CC1166 genotypes could be a risk factor for central obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Maria Procopciuc
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8/14 Padis Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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