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The Anti-Fatigue Effect of Glycoprotein from Hairtail Fish (Trichiurus lepturus) on BALB/c Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061245. [PMID: 36981171 PMCID: PMC10048760 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is related to a variety of chronic diseases and has become a hot research topic in recent years. Various bioactive components have been extracted from hairtail fish (Trichiurus lepturus); however, none of these studies involved the anti-fatigue activity of hairtail fish glycoprotein (HGP). Thus, antioxidant experiments were conducted in vitro, and the anti-fatigue activity of HGP was further evaluated in BALB/c mice. The effects of HGP on the behavior of BALB/c mice were verified by classical behavioral experiments, and the indicators related to anti-fatigue activity were detected. The results showed that the antioxidant capacity in vitro of HGP increased gradually in the concentration range of 10 to 100 mg/mL. HGP improved the exercise ability of the mice. HGP was also found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood lactic acid (BLA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK). The contents of liver glycogen (LG) and muscle glycogen (MG) were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased by HGP. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the serum and brains of the mice was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by HGP, especially in the middle- and high-dose groups. These results enhance our understanding of the anti-fatigue function of HGP and lay an important foundation for the further development and utilization of hairtail fish resources.
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2
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The Effect of Hot Water Extract of Tilapia on Exercise Capacity in Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12052601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) has become one of the main aquatic products of Taiwan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a hot water extract of tilapia (HWET) in relieving fatigue and enhancing exercise performance in mice in a swimming endurance test. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 per group) and treated with either a vehicle (control group) or different doses of HWET, which were designated as HWET-L (800 mg/kg/day), HWET-M (1600 mg/kg/day), and HWET-H (4000 mg/kg/day). The results of the swimming endurance test showed that HWET treatment significantly improved exercise-induced fatigue as the swimming time of the mice increased (p < 0.05). One hour after the test, blood samples were collected from each mouse and serum biochemical parameters were measured. The serum levels of lactate, creatine kinase (CK), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were lower in mice treated with HWET compared to the control group. Moreover, HWET treatment increased serum glucose levels and glycogen content in the liver. Enhanced glutathione (GSH) content in the liver and muscle was also found in the HWET-M and HWET-H groups. Western blot results showed that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the liver tissue was downregulated by HWET treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HWET supplementation could enhance exercise performance and alleviate fatigue via biochemical profile improvements. This suggests that HWET has the potential for future development into functional foods or nutritional supplements to relieve fatigue.
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3
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Zhang H, Xu J, Peng C, Qiu J, Wang Z, Regenstein JM, Yang X, Zheng Z. Anti-fatigue liquid formulations made from fruits. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Synergistic effect of combined oyster peptide and ginseng extracts on anti-exercise-fatigue and promotion of sexual interest activity in male ICR mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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5
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Wang P, Wang D, Hu J, Tan BK, Zhang Y, Lin S. Natural bioactive peptides to beat exercise-induced fatigue: A review. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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6
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Anti-fatigue effects of pea ( Pisum sativum L.) peptides prepared by compound protease. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2021; 58:2265-2272. [PMID: 33967323 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the anti-fatigue effect of pea peptides in mice was explored. Mice were administrated with pea peptides for 30 days and then anti-fatigue related experiments and assays were performed. Swimming times of mice fed with pea peptides were very significantly longer than those of mice from control group in weight-loaded swimming test. Pea peptides showed very significant effect on decreasing level of blood urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid, increasing content of muscle glycogen and hepatic glycogen. Insulin level and lactate dehydrogenase activity was also improved by pea peptides treatment. Pea peptides demonstrated strong antioxidant activity in vivo test. Moreover, supplementation of pea peptides could improve immunity by increasing phagocyte activity, stimulating sIgA secretion and decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines in mice. These findings indicated that pea peptides had strong anti-fatigue effect in mice.
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Wang P, Zeng H, Lin S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Hu J. Anti-fatigue activities of hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) hydrolysate in an endurance swimming mice model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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8
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Kim S, Jo K, Byun BS, Han SH, Yu KW, Suh HJ, Hong KB. Chemical and biological properties of puffed Dendrobium officinale extracts: Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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9
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Liu Y, Li D, Wei Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Huang L, Wang Y. Hydrolyzed peptides from purple perilla (Perilla frutescens L. Britt.) seeds improve muscle synthesis and exercise performance in mice. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13461. [PMID: 32984958 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purple perilla (Perilla frutescens L. Britt.) seed peptides (PPSP) were obtained and their improvement of muscle synthesis and exercise performance was investigated in this work. Results showed that the weight-average molecular weight of the PPSP was 869 Dalton. The PPSP were rich in branched-chain amino acids (18.82 g/100 g) and anti-fatigue amino acids, including glutamate (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and arginine (Arg). After the administration of PPSP at 1.2 g kg-1 day-1 for 4 weeks, the muscle coefficient and muscle fiber thickness in mice displayed a distinct (p < .05) increase via the upregulation of myogenic differentiation (MyoD) and myogenin (MyoG). The improved muscle strength and exercise tolerance were also observed. Simultaneously, the levels of the biochemical blood markers associated with fatigue and the glycogen degradation in liver and muscle were significantly (p < .05) suppressed. These results suggested that PPSP could effectively promote muscle synthesis and ameliorate exercise fatigue. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Purple perilla is an annual herbal plant and widely grown in Asian countries as an important crop and food. It is believed that the protein content of purple perilla seeds can reach 23.7%, and the protein is rich in essential amino acids. However, the information about the beneficial effects of their proteins or peptides on muscle synthesis and anti-exercise fatigue were still limited. The present results discovered that the PPSP can effectively promote the growth of muscle tissue and improve exercise tolerance. It is indicated that PPSP may have a potential application value in partly or completely replacing animal proteins such as whey protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wei
- The Department of Food Engineering, China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Corporation Limited, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- The Department of Food Engineering, China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Corporation Limited, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Huang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Taherkhani S, Suzuki K, Castell L. A Short Overview of Changes in Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Response to Physical Activity and Antioxidant Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E886. [PMID: 32962110 PMCID: PMC7555806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive release of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress (OS) are triggering factors in the onset of chronic diseases. One of the factors that can ensure health in humans is regular physical activity. This type of activity can enhance immune function and dramatically prevent the spread of the cytokine response and OS. However, if physical activity is done intensely at irregular intervals, it is not only unhealthy but can also lead to muscle damage, OS, and inflammation. In this review, the response of cytokines and OS to exercise is described. In addition, it is focused predominantly on the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) generated from muscle metabolism and damage during exercise and on the modulatory effects of antioxidant supplements. Furthermore, the influence of factors such as age, sex, and type of exercise protocol (volume, duration, and intensity of training) is analyzed. The effect of antioxidant supplements on improving OS and inflammatory cytokines is somewhat ambiguous. More research is needed to understand this issue, considering in greater detail factors such as level of training, health status, age, sex, disease, and type of exercise protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Taherkhani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199843653, Iran;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
| | - Lindy Castell
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6HG, UK
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11
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Zheng J, Tian X, Xu B, Yuan F, Gong J, Yang Z. Collagen Peptides from Swim Bladders of Giant Croaker ( Nibea japonica) and Their Protective Effects against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage toward Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E430. [PMID: 32824671 PMCID: PMC7460321 DOI: 10.3390/md18080430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Five different proteases were used to hydrolyze the swim bladders of Nibea japonica and the hydrolysate treated by neutrase (collagen peptide named SNNHs) showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. The extraction process of SNNHs was optimized by response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions were as follows: a temperature of 47.2 °C, a pH of 7.3 and an enzyme concentration of 1100 U/g, which resulted in the maximum DPPH clearance rate of 95.44%. Peptides with a Mw of less than 1 kDa (SNNH-1) were obtained by ultrafiltration, and exhibited good scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals, ABTS radicals and superoxide anion radicals. Furthermore, SNNH-1 significantly promoted the proliferation of HUVECs, and the protective effect of SNNH-1 against oxidative damage of H2O2-induced HUVECs was investigated. The results indicated that all groups receiving SNNH-1 pretreatment showed an increase in GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT activities compared with the model group. In addition, SNNH-1 pretreatment reduced the levels of ROS and MDA in HUVECs with H2O2-induced oxidative damage. These results indicate that collagen peptides from swim bladders of Nibea japonica can significantly reduce the oxidative stress damage caused by H2O2 in HUVECs and provides a basis for the application of collagen peptides in the food industry, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (X.T.); (B.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (X.T.); (B.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Baogui Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (X.T.); (B.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Falei Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (X.T.); (B.X.); (F.Y.)
| | - Jianfang Gong
- Donghai Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China;
| | - Zuisu Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (J.Z.); (X.T.); (B.X.); (F.Y.)
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12
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Natural medicines for the treatment of fatigue: Bioactive components, pharmacology, and mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Harwanto D, Ardiansyah A, Jin HJ, Choi JS, Jin DH, Hong YK. The hot water extract and active components nicotinamide and guanosine of the leather carp Cyprinus carpio nudis improve exercise performance in mice. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13004. [PMID: 31368180 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We identified the main active, exercise performance-enhancing compounds in a hot water extract of the leather carp, Cyprinus carpio nudus, as nicotinamide and guanosine. Mice were fed casein (30 mg/ml) enriched with nicotinamide (0.1 mg/ml) and guanosine (0.05 mg/ml) once daily for a week at 10 µl/g body weight. Swimming endurance (57%) and forelimb grip strength (21%) were increased significantly. The diet had little effect on body weight. After the swimming exercise, the blood glucose and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher (137% and 131%, respectively) than in the saline controls. The blood lactate level was 90% of that in the controls. The estimated amount of nicotinamide in the carp fillet was 26.2 mg/kg. These results suggest that the triple combination of casein with nicotinamide and guanosine improves exercise performance and delays the onset of fatigue, supporting the traditional use of carp extract in healthcare as a tonic soup. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The triple-combination of casein (30 mg/ml) + nicotinamide (0.1 mg/ml) + guanosine (0.05 mg/ml) significantly enhanced the exercise performance and anti-fatigue in mice, supporting the traditional use of carp extract in healthcare as a tonic soup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicky Harwanto
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Ardi Ardiansyah
- KOICA-PKNU International Graduate Program of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea.,Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hyung-Joo Jin
- Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan, Korea
| | - Deuk-Hee Jin
- Department of Marine Molecular Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwondo, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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Sutikno LA, Lee GH, Harwanto D, Choi JS, Hong YK. The ethanol extract from the rhodophyta Gloiopeltis furcata and its active ingredient docosahexaenoic acid improve exercise performance in mice. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12980. [PMID: 31489659 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of natural bioresources at enhancing exercise performance is of interest to those in sports and health care. The use of 29 common seaweed species as supplements to enhance exercise performance and the recovery from physical fatigue was evaluated. The ethanol extract of the red seaweed Gloiopeltis furcata (GFE) had the greatest effect on forelimb grip strength and swimming endurance in mice. The optimal daily dose of GFE was 0.1 mg per 10 μl per g of body weight. GFE significantly increased muscle mass but had little effect on body weight and fatty deposits. The extract also significantly raised the blood superoxide dismutase and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while reducing the lactate and urea levels (p < 0.05). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from GFE made the greatest contribution to improving physical exercise performance. These results support the use of GFE and DHA in health food products for enhancing physical performance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The study shows the exercise enhancement and anti-fatigue activities of GFE using the forelimb grip strength test, forced swimming endurance test, muscle mass measurement, and blood biochemical parameters. These results support the use of GFE and its active constituent DHA in functional foods or nutraceuticals for enhancing physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dicky Harwanto
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Division of Bioindustry, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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15
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Ye J, Shen C, Huang Y, Zhang X, Xiao M. Anti-fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides prepared from Stichopus japonicus in an endurance swimming rat model. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4548-4556. [PMID: 28337772 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is a well-known nutritious and luxurious seafood in Asia which has attracted increasing attention because of its nutrition and bioactivities in recent years. In this study, the anti-fatigue activity of sea cucumber peptides (SCP) prepared from S. japonicus was evaluated in a load-induced endurance swimming model. RESULTS The SCP prepared in this study was mainly made up of low-molecular-weight peptides (<2 kDa). The analysis result of amino acid composition revealed that SCP was rich in glycine, glutamic acid and proline. The endurance capability of rats to fatigue was significantly improved by SCP treatment. Meanwhile, the remarkable alterations of energy metabolic markers, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress biomarkers were normalized. Moreover, administration of SCP could modulate alterations of inflammatory cytokines and downregulate the overexpression of TRL4 and NF-κB. CONCLUSION SCP has anti-fatigue activity and it exerted its anti-fatigue effect probably through normalizing energy metabolism as well as alleviating oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Caihong Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
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16
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Xu J, Li Y, Regenstein J, Su X. In vitro and in vivo anti-oxidation and anti-fatigue effect of monkfish liver hydrolysate. FOOD BIOSCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Pillon Barcelos R, Freire Royes LF, Gonzalez-Gallego J, Bresciani G. Oxidative stress and inflammation: liver responses and adaptations to acute and regular exercise. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:222-236. [PMID: 28166653 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1291942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is remarkably important during exercise outcomes due to its contribution to detoxification, synthesis, and release of biomolecules, and energy supply to the exercising muscles. Recently, liver has been also shown to play an important role in redox status and inflammatory modulation during exercise. However, while several studies have described the adaptations of skeletal muscles to acute and chronic exercise, hepatic changes are still scarcely investigated. Indeed, acute intense exercise challenges the liver with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation onset, whereas regular training induces hepatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory improvements. Acute and regular exercise protocols in combination with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementation have been also tested to verify hepatic adaptations to exercise. Although positive results have been reported in some acute models, several studies have shown an increased exercise-related stress upon liver. A similar trend has been observed during training: while synergistic effects of training and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory supplementations have been occasionally found, others reported a blunting of relevant adaptations to exercise, following the patterns described in skeletal muscles. This review discusses current data regarding liver responses and adaptation to acute and regular exercise protocols alone or combined with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory supplementation. The understanding of the mechanisms behind these modulations is of interest for both exercise-related health and performance outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- a Instituto de Ciências Biológicas , Universidade de Passo Fundo , Passo Fundo , Brazil.,b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTOx) , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Freire Royes
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTOx) , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil.,c Laboratório de Bioquímica do Exercício, Centro de Educação Física e Desportos , Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) , Santa Maria , Brazil
| | - Javier Gonzalez-Gallego
- d Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) , University of León , León , Spain
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- e Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Salud (IRyS), Escuela de Educación Física , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso , Valparaiso , Chile
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Lee GH, Harwanto D, Choi JS, Kim MR, Jin DH, Jin HJ, Hong YK. Protein-Rich Extract from the Bagrid Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Improves Exercise Performance and Anti-Fatigue. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401312666160831144838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The freshwater bagrid catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, is used in hot
chowder or tonic soup, and it has become a favorite inland aquaculturable species in Asian countries.
To investigate the claims regarding its beneficial effects, we examined physical exercise performance
in mice fed protein-rich P. fulvidraco extract.
Methods:
Mice were fed P. fulvidraco extract (25 mg/mL) orally once per day for 1 week at a dose
of 10 µ.L/g body weight, and then forelimb grip strength, swimming endurance, body weight, and
blood biochemical indicators were examined.
Results:
Bagrid catfish extract significantly enhanced grip strength to 1.25 ± 0.04 N (P < 0.01),
which was 23% higher than that on day 0. The extract also increased swimming endurance to 86 ± 10
sec (P <0.05), which was 46% higher than that on day 0. After the gripping exercises, the blood glucose
level was significantly increased to an average of 222% compared with the control level. Lactate
dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase levels were also significantly increased by 350% and
205%, respectively. The urea level in blood serum was 60% compared with control. In addition,
triglyceride and cholesterol levels decreased to 69% and 73%, respectively, in extract-fed mice.
Conclusion:
Bagrid catfish extract improved exercise performance and fatigue recovery by providing
more blood glucose and decreasing lactate and oxidative stress caused by exhaustive exercise..
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Namgu, Busan 48513,, Korea
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Muluye RA, Bian Y, Wang L, Alemu PN, Cui H, Peng X, Li S. Placenta Peptide Can Protect Mitochondrial Dysfunction through Inhibiting ROS and TNF-α Generation, by Maintaining Mitochondrial Dynamic Network and by Increasing IL-6 Level during Chronic Fatigue. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:328. [PMID: 27729861 PMCID: PMC5037131 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Level of fatigue is related to the metabolic energy available to tissues and cells, mainly through mitochondrial respiration, as well fatigue is the most common symptom of poorly functioning mitochondria. Hence, dysfunction of these organelles may be the cause of the fatigue seen in Chronic fatigue (CF). Placenta has been used for treatment of fatigue and various disease, moreover peptides has known protect mitochondrial viability, and alleviate fatigue. These properties of placenta and peptides may link with its effect on mitochondria; therefore, it is highly important to investigate the effectiveness of placenta peptide on fatigue and mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods: After administration of sheep placenta peptide (SPP) for 1 month, mice's were forced to swim till exhaustion for 90 min to induce chronic fatigue. Electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure, tissue Malondialdehyde (MDA), mitochondrial SOD and serum inflammatory cytokines level were investigated in order to determine the potential effect of SPP on mitochondria during CF. Rat skeletal muscle (L6 cell) were also treated with different concentration of SPP to determine the effect of SPP on cell viability using Thiazoyl blue tetrazolium assay. Results: Our finding revealed that forced swimming induced fatigue model can cause mitochondrial damage through Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated lipid peroxidation and Tumor Necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) elevation. Whereas SPP protected fatigue induced mitochondrial dysfunction through preventing ROS and TNF-α generation, by maintaining mitochondrial dynamic network and by increasing serum IL-6 level. Conclusion: SPP can protect damage in mitochondrial components which will allow proper functioning of mitochondria that will in turn inhibit progression of chronic fatigue. Therefore, SPP may represent a novel therapeutic advantage for preventing mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with chronic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekik A. Muluye
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin, China
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin Second People’s HospitalTianjin, China
| | - Paulos N. Alemu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin, China
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Huantian Cui
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin, China
| | - Xiaofei Peng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese MedicineTianjin, China
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Kim HY, Han NR, Kim NR, Lee M, Kim J, Kim CJ, Jeong HJ, Kim HM. Effect of fermented porcine placenta on physical fatigue in mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1985-1996. [PMID: 27439540 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216659945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatigue spreads among the people who live under stressful life and brings about a negative impact on physical function. Here we evaluated the anti-fatigue effects of fermented porcine placenta (FPP) and main constituents, lysine (Lys) and leucine (Leu) with treadmill stress test and forced swimming test (FST) in animal models. The mice were administrated with FPP, Lys, and Leu for 21 days. After treadmill exercise, FPP, Lys, and Leu significantly reduced fatigue-related biochemical parameters, including lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, creatine kinase, urea nitrogen, cortisol, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas superoxide dismutase activity and glycogen levels were significantly increased by FPP, Lys, and Leu. In the FST, FPP, Lys, and Leu significantly decreased immobility times and up-regulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in brain. Furthermore, FPP, Lys, and Leu significantly decreased production of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-4 through blockade of caspase-1/nuclear factor-κB pathway in stimulated splenocytes. In addition, FPP, Lys, and Leu significantly promoted proliferation of splenocytes. In conclusion, these findings suggest the potential of FPP as a novel functional food for the regulation of fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Yun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Ra Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Lee
- LG Household & Healthcare Research Park, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongbae Kim
- LG Household & Healthcare Research Park, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ju Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ja Jeong
- Department of Food Technology and Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Cho HD, Lee JH, Jeong JH, Kim JY, Yee ST, Park SK, Lee MK, Seo KI. Production of novel vinegar having antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities from Salicornia herbacea L. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1085-1092. [PMID: 25800973 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicornia herbacea L. is a halophyte that grows in salt marshes and contains significant amounts of salts and minerals. Because it is known as a folk medication to treat diseases, various processed products such as powder, globular type of powder, laver and extract have been developed. However, it is difficult to process as a drink because of its high salinity. In the present study, glasswort vinegar (GV) containing high amounts of organic acids and minerals was developed via two-step fermentation with unpolished rice substrates and investigated its antioxidant and anti-fatigue activities. RESULTS GV showed various free radical scavenging effects, reducing power, oxidized-LDL inhibition and superoxide dismutase-like activities. Compared with the control group (orally administered 7 g kg(-1) distilled water), the GV supplementation group showed increased running endurance and had higher glycogen accumulation in liver and muscles of rats exhausted by exercise. Furthermore, the GV-administered group demonstrated significantly elevated lactate and ATP metabolism, promoting enzyme activities such as muscle creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, whereas serum fatigue biomarkers such as ammonia, lactate and inorganic acid were markedly decreased. CONCLUSION These results indicate that GV can be used as a functional food for the development of a dietary beverage to alleviate fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hye Lee
- Research Institute of Basic Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Jeong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Jeonnam Institute of natural resources research, Jangheung, 529-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Kyu Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Il Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
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Chen XF, Liu YY, Cao MJ, Zhang LJ, Sun LC, Su WJ, Liu GM. Hypoxia Tolerance and Fatigue Relief Produced by Lepidium meyenii and its Water-soluble Polysaccharide in Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.22.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial, Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University
| | | | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial, Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University
| | - Ling-Jing Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial, Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University
| | - Le-Chang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial, Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University
| | - Wen-Jin Su
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial, Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Provincial, Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food, Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Jimei University
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Lee GH, Harwanto D, Park SM, Choi JS, Kim MR, Hong YK. Hot Water Extract of Leather Carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) Improves Exercise Performance in Mice. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2015; 20:246-52. [PMID: 26770911 PMCID: PMC4700913 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2015.20.4.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hot water extract of leather carp (Cyprinus carpio nudus) has been used as a nourishing tonic soup and as an aid for recovery from physical fatigue. In this study, we investigated the effect of leather carp extract on exercise performance in mice. Swimming endurance and forelimb grip strength were assessed following oral administration of the extract (once per day for 7 days) at a dose of 0.5 mg/10 μL/g body weight. After 7 days, mice given the leather carp extract had significantly greater swimming endurance [105±18 s (P<0.05); 52% longer than day 0] and forelimb grip strength [1.18±0.05 Newton (P<0.01); 17% greater than day 0]. The extract increased muscle mass, but had little effect on body weight. Following the swimming exercise, blood glucose, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels in extract-fed mice were significantly higher (145%, 131%, and 106%, respectively) than in the saline control group. Blood levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also significantly increased (128%) in mice given the extract compared to the controls. These results suggest that leather carp extract can improve physical exercise performance and prevent oxidative stress caused by exhaustive workouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513,
Korea
| | - Dicky Harwanto
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513,
Korea
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275,
Indonesia
| | - Sun-Mee Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513,
Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of Bio-Food Materials, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
| | - Mi-Ryung Kim
- Department of Bio-Food Materials, Silla University, Busan 46958,
Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513,
Korea
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Yang Q, Jin W, Lv X, Dai P, Ao Y, Wu M, Deng W, Yu L. Effects of macamides on endurance capacity and anti-fatigue property in prolonged swimming mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 54:827-834. [PMID: 26453017 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1087036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Brassicaceae), most commonly known as "maca", has been used as a food or folk medicine to improve vitality in Peru. Previous research demonstrated that lipid-soluble extract from maca improved swimming endurance capacity. Macamides are considered the typical lipid-soluble markers for maca and proved to have several pharmacological properties, such as improving sexual performance and neuroprotective activies. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the effects of macamides on endurance capacity and anti-fatigue property in prolonged swimming mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Balb/c mice were divided into seven groups: a control group, low-dose groups of N-benzyllinoleamide, N-benzyloleamide, and N-benzylpalmitamide, high-dose groups of these macamides. The macamides groups received the commercial products (12 and 40 mg/kg, ig), while the control group received vehicle for 21 d. On the 14th day, the mice were given the weight-loaded swimming test. On the 21st day, the mice were sacrificed immediately after 90 min swimming, and some biochemical parameters were measured. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Compared with the control group, exhaustive swimming time was significantly prolonged in high-dose group of N-benzyloleamide (p < 0.05); the levels of lactic acid (LD), blood ammonia (BA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas the levels of liver glycogen (LG) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in high-dose group of N-benzyloleamide. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the brain, muscle, and liver were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities in the brain, muscle, and liver were significantly increased in high-dose group of N-benzyloleamide (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results indicate that N-benzyloleamide has pharmaceutical property against exercise-induced fatigue, and this effect can be explained by the modulated energy metabolism and improved antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- b School of Physical Education and Sport , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China
| | - Wenwen Jin
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- c Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics , Ministry of Education , Wuhan , China , and
- d Wuhan Huashite Industrial Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd. , Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan , China
| | - Xueyuan Lv
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Pengfei Dai
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- d Wuhan Huashite Industrial Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd. , Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan , China
| | - Yanxiao Ao
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Mengying Wu
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Wenjing Deng
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- a Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Resource Biology and Biotechnology , College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
- c Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics , Ministry of Education , Wuhan , China , and
- d Wuhan Huashite Industrial Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd. , Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology , Wuhan , China
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Xu J, Zhao Q, Qu Y, Ye F. Antioxidant activity and anti-exercise-fatigue effect of highly denatured soybean meal hydrolysate prepared using neutrase. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:1982-92. [PMID: 25829578 PMCID: PMC4375208 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-013-1220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Highly denatured soybean meal is a by-product of soybean oil extraction obtained through high-temperature desolventization. High-temperature treatment can result in soybean protein denaturation. Compare with ordinary soybean meal, the protein structure of highly denatured soybean meal has changed. Highly denatured soybean meal was pretreated with thermal treatment or ultrasonication, and then hydrolyzed with neutrase. The ultrasonicated hydrolysate exhibited better antioxidant activity than the thermally treated hydrolysate. The ultrasonication increased 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity by 8.31 % and reduction capacity by 10.19 %. The highly denatured soybean meal hydrolysate ultrasonicated at 400 W exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was 56.22 % and reduction capacity was 0.717. The ultrasonicated hydrolysate at 400 W was fractionated using ultrafiltration into three fractions: I (>10 kDa), II (5 kDa to 10 kDa), and III (<5 kDa). The in vitro antioxidant activity and others in vivo anti-exercise-fatigue effect of the three fractions (I, II, and III) were determined. Fraction III exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and reduction capacity, improved the hemoglobin and hepatic glycogen content and reduced blood urea nitrogen and blood lactic acid. Fraction III improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and reduced the malonaldehyde (MDA) content in mouse livers. Therefore, the highly denatured soybean meal hydrolysate has an anti-oxidative effect and it significantly alleviates exercise-fatigue in mice. Amino acids of hydrolysate were determined. Results showed that the antioxidant activity and anti-exercise-fatigue effect were related to the amino acid compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Zhao
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Qu
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- College of Science, Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030 Harbin, Heilongjiang People’s Republic of China
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Moon PD, Kim KY, Rew KH, Kim HM, Jeong HJ. Anti-fatigue effects of porcine placenta and its amino acids in a behavioral test on mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:937-44. [PMID: 25347266 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Placenta extracts are used for their health benefits; however, the anti-fatigue effects of placenta have not been elucidated. Thus, we investigated the anti-fatigue effects of porcine placenta extract (PE) and the amino acids present in the PE (glycine, Gly; proline, Pro; glutamic acid, GA; and arginine, Arg) using a forced swimming test (FST) and a tail-suspension test (TST) on mice. Whole PE or individual amino acids decreased immobility times in the FST. PE, Pro, and Arg all lowered blood levels of lactic acid and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). PE and Gly improved glycogen content and catalase activity. As determined from the serum after the FST: PE regulated the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; GA regulated the effects of IFN-γ; Gly and Arg regulated the effects of interleukin (IL)-6; and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. As determined from the spleen after the FST: Gly and Arg regulated the effects of IL-1β; Gly, Pro, and Arg regulated the effects of IL-6; PE and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. After the TST, PE and all of the amino acids present in PE reduced immobility duration as well as levels of aspartate aminotransferase and ALT. As determined from the serum after the TST: PE and Gly regulated the effects of TNF-α; Gly and Arg regulated the effects of IL-1β; Gly, Pro, and Arg regulated the effects of IL-6; PE and all of the amino acids present in PE regulated the effects of TNF-α. These results suggest that PE should be considered a candidate anti-fatigue agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil-Dong Moon
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Lin Y, Liu HL, Fang J, Yu CH, Xiong YK, Yuan K. Anti-fatigue and vasoprotective effects of quercetin-3-O-gentiobiose on oxidative stress and vascular endothelial dysfunction induced by endurance swimming in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 68:290-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Protein Modification During Ingredient Preparation and Food Processing: Approaches to Improve Food Processability and Nutrition. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-014-1326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Nallamuthu I, Tamatam A, Khanum F. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Aegle marmelos fruit on radical scavenging activity and exercise-endurance capacity in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:551-559. [PMID: 24707972 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.850518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Aegle marmelos L. Corr (Rutaceae) is an important Indian Ayurvedic medicinal plant used for the treatment of various ailments. However, little information is available on the anti-fatigue properties of its fruit. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the physical endurance and exercise-induced oxidative stress modulating properties of A. marmelos fruit in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Radical scavenging activity of the fruit hydroalcoholic extract was evaluated using in vitro systems. The extract was further evaluated for its endurance-enhancing properties at three oral doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt) in BALB/c mice for 21 d using a swimming test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The extract exhibited significant scavenging activity against DPPH (IC₅₀, 351 ± 37 µg/ml) and ABTS radicals (IC₅₀, 228 ± 25 µg/ml), respectively, with the polyphenol content of 95 µg/mg extract. It also inhibited AAPH radical-induced oxidation of biomolecules such as BSA protein (63%), plasmid DNA (81%) and lipids (80.5%). Administration of extract resulted in an increase in the duration of swimming time to exhaustion by 23.4 and 47.5% for medium and higher doses, respectively. The extract significantly normalized the fatigue-related biochemical parameters and also down-regulated the swim stress-induced over-expression of heat shock protein-70 and up-regulated the skeletal muscle metabolic regulators (GLUT-4 and AMPK1-α) by 2- and 3-fold, respectively, at the higher dose in muscle tissues. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the anti-fatigue properties of A. marmelos fruit, most probably manifested by delaying the accumulation of serum lactic acid, increasing the fat utilization and up-regulating the skeletal muscle metabolic regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Division of Biochemistry and Nanosciences Discipline, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DFRL), Defence Research & Development Organization , Siddharthanagar, Mysore , India
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Liu J, Wang X, Zhao Z. Effect of whey protein hydrolysates with different molecular weight on fatigue induced by swimming exercise in mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:126-130. [PMID: 23653310 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve the antioxidant and anti-fatigue capacities of whey protein for wider utilization, it was hydrolyzed by chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) to produce whey protein hydrolysate (WPH). Fractions of WPH with different molecular weight (MW) were separated by ultrafiltration. Kunming mice in various treatment groups were orally administered (1.5 g kg(-1) body weight) whey protein isolate (WPI), WPH or WPHs with different MW (<5, 5-10, 10-30 or >30 kDa) for 6 weeks to explore whether different MW fractions of WPH affected mice fatigue. RESULTS Compared with the control group (orally administered 9 g kg(-1) saline) or the WPI group, low-MW (<10 kDa) WPH groups showed prolonged swimming time (P < 0.05) and had higher concentrations (P < 0.05) of glucose, non-esterfied fatty acid, liver glycogen, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and lower concentration of lactate. Low-MW (<10 kDa) WPHs had higher hydroxyl- and α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging abilities and ferrous-chelating capacity than WPI. CONCLUSION The results proved that low-MW (<10 kDa) WPHs with higher anti-fatigue capacity showed higher free radical-scavenging and ferrous-chelating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 300457, Tianjin, China; College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shi Jiazhuang, China
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Liu J, Chen LW, Ji KM, Yu L, Zhang ZJ. An endurance-enhancing effect of peanut meal protein hydrolysate in mice: possible involvement of a specific peanut peptide. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:830-7. [PMID: 24164258 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To improve the functional properties of peanut meal protein for wide utilization, hydrolysis was conducted by alcalase. Compared with saline and peanut meal protein, intragastric administration of low molecular weight (<1 kD) peanut meal peptide (PPH I) could significantly prolong swimming time, increase levels of blood sugar, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and liver glycogen and decrease blood lactate content in mice. Levels of Pro, Leu, Val and His in low molecular weight peanut meal peptides were higher significantly than those in other peanut meal protein hydrolysates. Hydrophobic amino acids, such as Pro, Tyr and His, could perhaps capture free radical and increase antioxidant capacity of peanut peptide and retard fatigue induced by free radical. After separation by HPLC, a primary peptide P1, Pro-Glu-Ile-Glu-Val, was sequenced. Its N-terminal was Val, and it was rich in antioxidant amino acid, Pro and Ile. Levels of plasma glucose, NEFA and liver glycogen in PPH I group were higher than those in mice intragastric administration with peptide P1, and the swimming time is longer in PPH I group than in P1 group. So, the high content of P1 was one of the reason why PPH I had high endurance-enhancing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shi Jiazhuang, China
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