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Lahlou RA, Carvalho F, Pereira MJ, Lopes J, Silva LR. Overview of Ethnobotanical-Pharmacological Studies Carried Out on Medicinal Plants from the Serra da Estrela Natural Park: Focus on Their Antidiabetic Potential. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:454. [PMID: 38675115 PMCID: PMC11054966 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Serra da Estrela Natural Park (NPSE) in Portugal stands out as a well-preserved region abundant in medicinal plants, particularly known for their pharmaceutical applications in diabetes prevention and treatment. This comprehensive review explores these plants' botanical diversity, traditional uses, pharmacological applications, and chemical composition. The NPSE boast a rich diversity with 138 medicinal plants across 55 families identified as traditionally and pharmacologically used against diabetes globally. Notably, the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are prevalent in antidiabetic applications. In vitro studies have revealed their significant inhibition of carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, and certain plant co-products regulate genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and insulin secretion. In vivo trials have demonstrated antidiabetic effects, including glycaemia regulation, insulin secretion, antioxidant activity, and lipid profile modulation. Medicinal plants in NPSE exhibit various activities beyond antidiabetic, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-cancer, and more. Chemical analyses have identified over fifty compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides responsible for their efficacy against diabetes. These findings underscore the potential of NPSE medicinal plants as antidiabetic candidates, urging further research to develop effective plant-based antidiabetic drugs, beverages, and supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia Aitfella Lahlou
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Filomena Carvalho
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria João Pereira
- CERENA/DER, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - João Lopes
- iMed.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Luís R. Silva
- SPRINT Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal; (R.A.L.); (F.C.)
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
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Krepkova LV, Babenko AN, Lemyaseva SV, Saybel OL, Sherwin CM, Enioutina EY. Modulation of Hepatic Functions by Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) Extract: Preclinical Study in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1471. [PMID: 37895942 PMCID: PMC10609820 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is important in detoxifying organisms from xenobiotics, supporting immune functions, and metabolizing lipids and glucose. In addition, a growing number of drug-induced liver injuries and diseases associated with liver dysfunction make the development of phytodrugs targeting multiple liver functions particularly crucial. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a novel chicory extract prepared from aerial parts of the wild Cichorium intybus L. plant (CE) on liver enzymes and on lipid and glucose metabolism in rats with acute liver injury or hyperlipidemia. A single subcutaneous injection of mercury chloride induced an acute liver injury. Hyperlipidemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of Tween-80 or by feeding rats with cholesterol and mercazolil for 28 days. Under varying regimens, the experimental rats received 100 mg/kg b.w. or 500 mg/kg b.w. of CE. CE treatment ameliorated acute liver injury by reducing liver enzyme activity, bilirubin, glucose, and lipid levels. Treatment of hyperlipidemic rats with CE effectively reduced serum lipid and glucose levels. The data obtained in this study suggest that chicory-based phytodrugs may be used to effectively treat acute liver injury and for the prophylaxis or treatment of diseases such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Clinical trials are needed to prove the effectiveness of chicory extract in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubov V. Krepkova
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow 113628, Russia
| | - Alexandra N. Babenko
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow 113628, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Lemyaseva
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow 113628, Russia
| | - Olga L. Saybel
- All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Moscow 113628, Russia
| | - Catherine M. Sherwin
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton Children’s Hospital, Dayton, OH 45435, USA;
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Elena Y. Enioutina
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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Attaallah A, Elmrazeky AR, El-Beltagy AEFBM, Abdelaziz KK, Soliman MF. Modulatory role of Coriandrum sativum (coriander) extract against diabetic complications on the gonads of female rats and their offspring. Tissue Cell 2023; 83:102127. [PMID: 37331322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that diabetes is associated with impairment of ovarian and testicular structure and function. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is identified as one of the oldest herbal plants valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties. This work is mainly designed to evaluate the possible modulatory role of dry coriander fruit extract against gonadal impairments associated with diabetes in female rats and their pups. Twenty-four pregnant rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): group I served as control, group II was administered daily with coriander fruit extract (250 mg/kg b.wt), group III was injected interaperitoneally with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (80 mg/kg b.wt), and group IV was injected with single dose of STZ and post administered coriander extract. The experiment was conducted from the 4th day of gestation till the end of weaning. At the end of the experiment, the mothers' rats and their offspring were weighed, sacrificed, the ovaries from mothers as well as ovaries and testes from offspring were immediately excised, and processed for histological, immunohistochemical and evaluation of apoptosis and transforming growth factorβ (TGF-β). Also, blood samples were collected and analyzed to estimate the levels of sex hormones as well as antioxidants.In STZ induced diabetes in mother's rats and their offspring, the ovarian sections revealed severe histopathological signs included several atretic follicles, dilated and congested blood capillaries. Additionally, the testicular sections of offspring appeared with destructive seminiferous tubules. Immunohistochemically, the ovarian sections displayed weak to negative expression for calretinin marker however the testicular sections showed strong expression for Bax protein (apoptotic marker) and weak to negative expression for Ki67 protein (proliferative marker). Also, the mean % values of positively expressed cells for TGF-β and annexin-v markers (late and early apoptosis indicator) were significantly elevated in the ovarian and testicular tissues of STZ-induced group of mother's rats and their pups if compared with control. Further results revealed that the levels of insulin, FSH, LH, estrogen, SOD and CAT were significantly decreased if compared with control however the levels of MDA and NO were significantly elevated. Administration of coriander fruit extract to diabetic rats successfully alleviated most of the altered histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and apoptotic changes induced by diabetes. Coriandrum sativum fruit extract has a powerful ameliorative role against STZ-induced diabetic gonadal dysfunctions in female rats and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Attaallah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | - Mona Fm Soliman
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Vrbjar N, Vlkovicova J, Snurikova D, Kalocayova B, Zorad S, Culafic T, Tepavcevic S, Tothova L, Radosinska D, Kollarova M, Radosinska J. Alterations in Oxidative Stress Markers and Na,K-ATPase Enzyme Properties in Kidney after Fructose Intake and Quercetin Intervention in Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040931. [PMID: 37109460 PMCID: PMC10142800 DOI: 10.3390/life13040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to characterize the consequences of a 15-week intake of 10% fructose on the kidney, with the focus on oxidative stress markers and properties of the Na,K-ATPase enzyme. Various antioxidants naturally occurring in common food were demonstrated to be protective against fructose-induced deterioration of kidneys. Therefore, we also aimed to observe the effect of 6-week quercetin administration (20 mg/kg/day) that was initiated following the 9-week period of higher fructose intake, by determining the concentration of sodium, potassium, creatinine, urea, and glucose in blood plasma and oxidative status directly in the renal tissue. Kinetic studies of renal Na,K-ATPase were utilized for a deeper insight into the molecular principles of expected changes in this enzyme activity under conditions of presumed fructose-induced renal injury. Fructose intake led to increase in body weight gain, plasma glucose and sodium levels, and deterioration of kidney properties, although some compensatory mechanisms were observable. Quercetin administration improved glycemic control in rats exposed to fructose overload. However, an increase in plasma creatinine, a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio in renal tissue homogenate, and a controversial effect on renal Na,K-ATPase enzyme suggest that quercetin treatment may not be beneficial in the condition of pre-existing renal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Vrbjar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Vlkovicova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Snurikova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Kalocayova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Zorad
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tijana Culafic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snezana Tepavcevic
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, “VINČA” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lubomira Tothova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Radosinska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Kollarova
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Premedix Academy, Medená 18, 811 02 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Radosinska
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Ding XQ, Jian TY, Gai YN, Niu GT, Liu Y, Meng XH, Li J, Lyu H, Ren BR, Chen J. Chicoric Acid Attenuated Renal Tubular Injury in HFD-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease Mice through the Promotion of Mitophagy via the Nrf2/PINK/Parkin Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2923-2935. [PMID: 35195395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As the main factor in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the excessive apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and its underlying mechanism of action are worth further investigation. Chicoric acid (CA), a major active constituent of the Uyghur folk medicine chicory, was recorded to possess a renal protective effect. The precise effect of CA on renal tubular injury in obesity-related CKD remains unknown. In the current study, CA was proven to ameliorate metabolic disorders including overweight, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Furthermore, the reverse effect of CA on renal histological changes and functional damage was confirmed. In vitro, the alleviation of lipid accumulation and cell apoptosis was observed in palmitic acid (PA)-exposed HK2 cells. Treatment with CA reduced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in the renal tubule of HFD-fed mice and PA-treated HK2 cells. Finally, CA was observed to activate the Nrf2 pathway; increase PINK and Parkin expression; and regulate LC3, SQSTM1, Mfn2, and FIS1 expression; therefore, it would improve mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy to alleviate mitochondrial damage in RTECs of obesity-related CKD. These results may provide fresh insights into the promotion of mitophagy in the prevention and alleviation of obesity-related CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tun-Yu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Ya-Nan Gai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Guan-Ting Niu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Meng
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Han Lyu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bing-Ru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Melo JSVD, Macêdo PFCD, Costa LAR, Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby M, Ferreira DJS. Fish oil supplementation and physical exercise during the development period increase cardiac antioxidant capacity in Wistar rats. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-657420220017721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Simões MHS, Salles BCC, Duarte SMDS, Silva MAD, Viana ALM, Moraes GDOID, Figueiredo SA, Ferreira EB, Rodrigues MR, Paula FBDA. Leaf extract of Coffea arabica L. reduces lipid peroxidation and has anti-platelet effect in a rat dyslipidemia model. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e19562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Elmeged LSMA, Alzahrani MSH. Effect of Biologically Active Substances in Cichorium on Biochemical Changes in Obese Rats. JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:38-45. [DOI: 10.51847/bn6mhuzxbb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Moeini R, Memariani Z, Enayati A, Gorji N, Kolangi F. Nephrotonic and Nephroprotective medicinal herbs in traditional Persian Medicine: Review and assessment of scientific evidence. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211118145406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
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The tendency to use herbal and complementary therapies has been increased dramatically in last decades. The aim of this study is reviewing nephrotonic and nephroprotective medicinal herbs in traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) historical books, and assessment of relevant scientific evidence and possible mechanisms of action. In this study, seven major references among pharmaceutical books of PM from the 11th to 19th centuries were selected and were searched with key words equivalent to “nephroprotection”. To find new studies, the scientific name of medicinal herbs which were repeated twice or more were searched using data bases including PubMed, and Google scholar with keywords of nephroprotective, renal disorder, renal failure and kidney. Also, probable effective mechanisms were explored with key words including oxidative stress, antioxidant, inflammation, anti-inflammatory and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor. 210 herbal remedies were found with kidney strengthening, nephroprotective, and atrophy prevention effects in reviewed books. The most repeated herbs were 41 Results of scientific evidence showed that the possible functional mechanisms of these plants include anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, blood pressure/glucose-lowering effect as well as improvement of glomerular filtration, prevention of tissue damage, and enhancing the reconstructive power of cells. The list of medicinal herbs in this study can be used as a base of future studies on production of new medicines for prevention or treatment of renal failure and for the enhancement of renal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Moeini
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Memariani
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Narjes Gorji
- Traditional Medicine & Medical History Research Center, Health Research Center, Department of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kolangi
- Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Centre,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Sun J, Ren J, Hu X, Hou Y, Yang Y. Therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts on diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:111977. [PMID: 34364042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of people's living standards and changes in the environment, the incidence of diabetes has increased rapidly. It has gradually become one of the main diseases threatening the health and life of modern people, bringing a great burden to the society. Although the existing treatment methods can effectively control the symptoms of diabetes and delay its progression, they have not brought satisfactory improvement in the quality of life and treatment of patients. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines and their extracts combine thousands of years of experience and the scientific basis provided by modern experimental research, which is expected to bring a qualitative leap in the clinical management of diabetes. Therefore, this article systematically reviews studies on the effects of Chinese herbal medicine and its extracts on diabetes and its complications, and aims to bring new ideas and options for the clinical treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Xuejian Hu
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yuanhua Hou
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Diabetes, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China.
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Hassan RM, Aboutabl ME, Bozzi M, El-Behairy MF, El Kerdawy AM, Sampaolese B, Desiderio C, Vincenzoni F, Sciandra F, Ghannam IAY. Discovery of 4-benzyloxy and 4-(2-phenylethoxy) chalcone fibrate hybrids as novel PPARα agonists with anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities: Design, synthesis and in vitro/in vivo biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105170. [PMID: 34332233 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the current work, a series of novel 4-benzyloxy and 4-(2-phenylethoxy) chalcone fibrate hybrids (10a-o) and (11a-e) were synthesized and evaluated as new PPARα agonists in order to find new agents with higher activity and fewer side effects. The 2-propanoic acid derivative 10a and the 2-butanoic acid congener 10i showed the best overall PPARα agonistic activity showing Emax% values of 50.80 and 90.55%, respectively, and EC50 values of 8.9 and 25.0 μM, respectively, compared to fenofibric acid with Emax = 100% and EC50 = 23.22 μM, respectively. These two compounds also stimulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A gene transcription in HepG2 cells and PPARα protein expression. Molecular docking simulations were performed for the newly synthesized compounds to study their predicted binding pattern and energies in PPARα active site to rationalize their promising activity. In vivo, compounds 10a and 10i elicited a significant hypolipidemic activity improving the lipid profile in triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats, including serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and VLDL levels. Compound 10i possessed better anti-hyperlipidemic activity than 10a. At a dose of 200 mg/kg, it demonstrated significantly lower TC, TG, LDL and VLDL levels than that of fenofibrate at the same dose with similar HDL levels. Compounds 10i and 10a possessed atherogenic indices (CRR, AC, AI, CRI-II) like that of fenofibrate. Additionally, a promising antioxidant activity indicated by the increased tissue reduced glutathione and plasma total antioxidant capacity with decreased plasma malondialdehyde levels was demonstrated by compounds 10a and 10i. No histopathological alterations were recorded in the hepatic tissue of compound 10i (200 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 El Bohouth St., P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manuela Bozzi
- Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Mohammed F El-Behairy
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Newgiza, km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Beatrice Sampaolese
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Desiderio
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Vincenzoni
- Dipartimento Universitario di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Sezione di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli", IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
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Perović J, Tumbas Šaponjac V, Kojić J, Krulj J, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C, Bodroža-Solarov M, Ilić N. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a food ingredient - Nutritional composition, bioactivity, safety, and health claims: A review. Food Chem 2021; 336:127676. [PMID: 32768902 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial herb from the Cichorium genus, Asteraceae family, and is worldwide cultivated. So far, chicory has been used mainly in animal feed, but also in several cases in the food industry: as salad, for teas and tea blends, for coffee supplementation, and as a source for the inulin production. Nowadays there is an increasing interest in chicory utilization for food production and supplementation. Some compounds present in chicory, such as polyphenols, inulin, oligofructose and sesquiterpene lactones may be considered as potential carriers of food functionality. This review describes nutritional, mineral and bioactive composition of the chicory plant and summarized the main biological activities associated with the presence of bioactive compounds in the different plant parts. Finally, the review explores possibilities of uses of chicory and its implementation in food products, with intention to design new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Perović
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac
- Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Kojić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Krulj
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Diego A Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC, Food Science & Technology Department, Photochemistry and Healthy Foods Laboratory, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Viguera
- CEBAS-CSIC, Food Science & Technology Department, Photochemistry and Healthy Foods Laboratory, Campus Universitario de Espinardo-25, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Marija Bodroža-Solarov
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Nebojša Ilić
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bul. Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Boghrati Z, Zibaee E, Ayati Z, Amiri MS, Ramezani M, Jamialahmadi T, Emami SA, Sahebkar A. Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Different Cichorium Species (Asteraceae): A Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1308:501-546. [PMID: 33861457 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-64872-5_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cichorium species have been used widely in traditional medicine universally. It is reported as a treatment for various respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders, as well as diabetes and rheumatism. A range of constituents including phenolic and poly phenolic compounds, fatty and organic acids and essential oils comprise the chemical composition of Cichorium species. Furthermore, modern investigations on these species has shown different pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammation, antibacterial, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects which are associated with divers molecular pathways and mechanisms. In this chapter, we have summarized comprehensive information regarding traditional and ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemical analysis and pharmacological aspects of Cichorium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Boghrati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Zibaee
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Ayati
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahin Ramezani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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Aisa HA, Xin XL, Tang D. Chemical constituents and their pharmacological activities of plants from Cichorium genus. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2020; 12:224-236. [PMID: 36119016 PMCID: PMC9476815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xue-lei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
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Phytosterol, Lipid and Phenolic Composition, and Biological Activities of Guava Seed Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112474. [PMID: 32471050 PMCID: PMC7321134 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant seeds have been found to contain bioactive compounds that have potential nutraceutical benefits. Guava seeds (Psidium guajava) are by-products in the beverage and juice industry; however, they can be utilized for a variety of commercial purposes. This study was designed to analyze the phytochemicals of the n-hexane extract of guava seed oil (GSO), to study its free-radical scavenging activity, and to monitor the changes in serum lipids and fatty acid profiles in rats that were fed GSO. The GSO was analyzed for phytochemicals using chromatographic methods. It was also tested for free-radical scavenging activity in hepatoma and neuroblastoma cells, and analyzed in terms of serum lipids and fatty acids. GSO was found to contain phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid and its derivatives) and phytosterols (e.g., stimasterol, β-sitosterol and campesterol), and exerted radical-scavenging activity in cell cultures in a concentration-dependent manner. Long-term consumption of GSO did not increase cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rat serum, but it tended to decrease serum fatty acid levels in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first study to report on the lipid, phytosterol and phenolic compositions, antioxidant activity, and the hepato- and neuro-protection of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress levels in the GSO extract.
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Ebrahiminia M, Esmaeili F, Shabani L. In vitro differentiation induction of embryonal carcinoma stem cells into insulin-producing cells by Cichorium intybus L. leaf extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 246:112214. [PMID: 31491437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal herb Cichorium intybus L. (chicory) has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, including diabetes. One of the promising therapeutic options to treat diabetes is replacing the degenerative pancreatic β cells by stem cell-derived IPCs (insulin-producing cells). AIM OF THE STUDY By the combination of cell therapy as a modern approach and traditional medicine, the current study was designed to evaluate the effects of chicory leaf extract (LE) on the differentiation potential of P19 EC cells (an embryonal carcinoma stem cell line) into IPCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant (voucher no. 4567) were collected and deposited in the herbarium of Shahrekord University. In vitro experiments were designed to compare the effects of various concentrations of LE on the differentiation potential of P19 EC cells. RESULTS The differentiated cells showed morphological characteristics of pancreatic β cells. They could also synthesized and secreted insulin when exposed to glucose. Moreover, the cells expressed specific proteins and genes of mature pancreatic β cells. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, LE as a natural herbal extract was efficiently able to induce the differentiation of P19 EC cells into the clusters similar to pancreatic islets with the molecular, cellular and functional characteristics of mature β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ebrahiminia
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 115, Iran
| | - F Esmaeili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Hezarjerib Avenue, Isfahan, 8174673441, Iran.
| | - L Shabani
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, 115, Iran; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Jurgoński A, Billing-Marczak K, Juśkiewicz J, Krotkiewski M. Formulation of a Mixture of Plant Extracts for Attenuating Postprandial Glycemia and Diet-Induced Disorders in Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203669. [PMID: 31614685 PMCID: PMC6832206 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a mixture consisting of plant-derived preparations containing inhibitors of carbohydrate digestion and/or glucose absorption that could lower postprandial glycemia and attenuate dietary-induced disorders. The following standardized preparations were tested: white mulberry leaf extract, green coffee bean extract, white kidney bean extract, pomelo fruit extract, bitter melon fruit extract, and purified l-arabinose. The study design was composed of oral sucrose and starch tolerance tests in Wistar rats preceded by a single ingestion of the preparations or their mixtures. Then, a 20 week-long experiment was conducted on rats that were fed a high-fat diet and supplemented with the most effective mixture. Based on the results of the oral sucrose and starch tolerance tests, the mulberry leaf extract, l-arabinose, kidney bean extract, and coffee bean extract were selected for composing three mixtures. The most effective inhibition of postprandial glycemia in the oral tolerance tests was observed after the ingestion of a mixture of mulberry leaf, kidney bean, and coffee bean extract. The glucose-lowering effect of the mixture and its effective dosage was confirmed in the feeding experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jurgoński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marcin Krotkiewski
- Department of Research and Development at MarMar Investment Company, 10-195 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Gothenburg University Hospital, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Zhu H, Wang Z, Wu Y, Jiang H, Zhou F, Xie X, Wang R, Hua C. Untargeted metabonomics reveals intervention effects of chicory polysaccharide in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:363-375. [PMID: 30690116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, serum metabolomics techniques were used to evaluate the potential mechanism of the effect of chicory polysaccharides in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) rats. A rat model of NAFLD was constructed according to the histopathological data and biochemical parameters, while the underlying mechanisms of high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD and the therapeutic effects of chicory polysaccharides (CP) were studied by the adoption of serum metabolomics. The serum metabolites were analyzed by GC/MS. Multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis, revealed significant differences with HFD model and CP groups against the control. Results indicated that CP plays a regulatory role in the occurrence of NAFLD. Meantime, a total of 65 candidate biomarkers were screened and identified. Cluster analysis, enrichment analysis and metabolic pathway analysis of differential metabolites also indicated that amino acid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis in NAFLD rats, the β-oxidation and urea cycle of very long-chain fatty acids were mainly disturbed when compared against the control group. The corresponding metabolic pathways in the CP group were relieved compared against the NAFLD rats. These results showed that untargeted metabonomics helps to explain intervention effects of chicory polysaccharide with the rat model of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjiong Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yulong Wu
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China
| | - Renlei Wang
- Biology Department, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing 210013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Hua
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Byproduct Resource Utilization, Nanjing 211171, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Effects of turmeric and chicory seed supplementation on antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Li M, Ma J, Ahmad O, Cao Y, Wang B, He Q, Li J, Yin H, Zhang Y, He J, Shang J. Lipid-modulate activity of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet polysaccharide in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease larval zebrafish model. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:257-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Jackson KMP, Rathinasabapathy T, Esposito D, Komarnytsky S. Structural constraints and importance of caffeic acid moiety for anti-hyperglycemic effects of caffeoylquinic acids from chicory. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61:1601118. [PMID: 28371117 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201601118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a perennial herb often consumed as a vegetable, whereas the ground and roasted roots are blended as a coffee substitute. Caffeoylquinic or chlorogenic acids (CQA), the abundant intermediates of lignin biosynthesis in chicory, have been reported to improve glucose metabolism in humans, but the functional group in their structure responsible for this effect has not been yet characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we showed that three di-O-caffeoylquinic acids suppressed hepatic glucose production in H4IIE rat hepatoma cells by reducing expression of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), two key enzymes that regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis. Direct comparisons between CQAs and their metabolites (3-caffeoylquinic, caffeic, and quinic acids) revealed the caffeic acid moiety alone was responsible for the observed effects. Further analysis suggested the activation of PI3K and MAPK pathways as a method of controlling gene expression was shared between caffeoylquinic and caffeic acids. These compounds promoted increased mitochondrial respiration and cellular metabolism, in part by inducing oxidative phosphorylation and proton leak. CONCLUSION We concluded that the caffeic acid moiety was important for suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia, ultimately strengthening the link between dietary interventions based on caffeic acid-containing plant foods and healthy glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Palatini Jackson
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thirumurugan Rathinasabapathy
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Debora Esposito
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Slavko Komarnytsky
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Ferreira ICFR, Martins N, Barros L. Phenolic Compounds and Its Bioavailability: In Vitro Bioactive Compounds or Health Promoters? ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2017; 82:1-44. [PMID: 28427530 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Botanical preparations present a widespread and secular history of use. In fact, natural matrices possess a rich pool of phytochemicals, with promising biological effects. Among them, phenolic compounds have revealed to confer very important attributes to improve the well-being and longevity of worldwide population. Numerous in vitro studies have been carried out evaluating the wide spectrum of bioactivities of phenolic compounds, including its health effects, but through in vivo experiments some of these previous results cannot be properly confirmed, and considerable variations are observed. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including the assessment of bioavailability and bioefficacy of phenolic compounds, still continue to be largely investigated and considered a great hot topic among the food science and technology researchers. Thus, based on these crucial aspects, this chapter aims to provide an extensive approach about the question of the bioavailability of phenolic compounds, describing its biosynthetic routes and related mechanisms of action; to focus on the current facts and existing controversies, highlighting the importance of in vivo studies and the impact of phenolic compounds on the quality of life and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Natália Martins
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Mountain Research Centre (CIMO), ESA, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Costa LR, Macêdo PC, de Melo JSV, Freitas CM, Alves AS, Barbosa HDM, Lira E, Fernandes MP, Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby M, Lagranha C. Safflower (Catharmus tinctorius L.) oil supplementation in overnourished rats during early neonatal development: effects on heart and liver function in the adult. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:1271-1277. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carthamus tinctorius L. (common name: safflower) is an herb whose extracted oil (safflower oil) has been employed in both alternative and conventional medicine in the treatment of disease. Overnutrition during early postnatal life can increase the lifetime risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Here we investigate the effect of safflower oil supplementation given during a critical early developmental stage on the eventual occurrence of metabolic disease in overnourished rats. Groups of overnourished or adequately nourished rats were randomly assigned into 2 additional groups for supplementation with either safflower oil (SF) or vehicle for 7 to 30 days. Murinometric data and weights were examined. Serum was collected for measurement of glucose, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Heart and liver oxidative status were also measured. Overnutrition for 7–30 days induced a significant increase in body weight and in values for abdominal circumference, thoracic circumference, body length, and body mass index. SF supplementation did not attenuate the effect of overnutrition on any of these parameters. In addition, overnutrition increased levels of glucose, triglycerides, and very low-density lipid compared with normal controls, but SF supplementation had no effect on these parameters. Measures of oxidative status in heart or liver were not influenced by overnutrition. However, oxidative measures were altered by SF supplementation in both of these organs. The present study reveals that nutritional manipulation during early development induces detrimental effects on metabolism in the adult that are not ameliorated by supplemental SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Ribeiro Costa
- Department of Nutrition/Centro de Ciencias da Saude (CCS). Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cavalcanti Macêdo
- Department of Nutrition/Centro de Ciencias da Saude (CCS). Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Janatar Stella Vasconcelos de Melo
- Department of Nutrition/Centro de Ciencias da Saude (CCS). Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE 55608-680, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moura Freitas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | - Aiany Simoes Alves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | - Humberto de Moura Barbosa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology/Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology/Centro de Ciências Biológicas (CCB), Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Recife, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pinheiro Fernandes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Lagranha
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Exercise Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus of Vitoria de Santo Antao, Vitoria de Santo Antao, PE, Brazil
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Yin X, Subramanian S, Willinger CM, Chen G, Juhasz P, Courchesne P, Chen BH, Li X, Hwang SJ, Fox CS, O'Donnell CJ, Muntendam P, Fuster V, Bobeldijk-Pastorova I, Sookoian SC, Pirola CJ, Gordon N, Adourian A, Larson MG, Levy D. Metabolite Signatures of Metabolic Risk Factors and their Longitudinal Changes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1779-89. [PMID: 26908103 PMCID: PMC4880163 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolic dysregulation underlies key metabolic risk factors—obesity, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia. OBJECTIVE To uncover mechanistic links between metabolomic dysregulation and metabolic risk by testing metabolite associations with risk factors cross-sectionally and with risk factor changes over time. DESIGN Cross-sectional—discovery samples (n = 650; age, 36–69 years) from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) and replication samples (n = 670; age, 61–76 years) from the BioImage Study, both following a factorial design sampled from high vs low strata of body mass index, lipids, and glucose. Longitudinal—FHS participants (n = 554) with 5–7 years of follow-up for risk factor changes. SETTING Observational studies. PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional samples with or without obesity, dysglycemia, and dyslipidemia, excluding prevalent cardiovascular disease and diabetes or dyslipidemia treatment. Age- and sex-matched by group. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected 119 plasma metabolites. Cross-sectional associations with obesity, dyslipidemia, and dysglycemia were tested in discovery, with external replication of 37 metabolites. Single- and multi-metabolite markers were tested for association with longitudinal changes in risk factors. RESULTS Cross-sectional metabolite associations were identified with obesity (n = 26), dyslipidemia (n = 21), and dysglycemia (n = 11) in discovery. Glutamic acid, lactic acid, and sitosterol associated with all three risk factors in meta-analysis (P < 4.5 × 10−4). Metabolites associated with longitudinal risk factor changes were enriched for bioactive lipids. Multi-metabolite panels explained 2.5–15.3% of longitudinal changes in metabolic traits. CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional results implicated dysregulated glutamate cycling and amino acid metabolism in metabolic risk. Certain bioactive lipids were associated with risk factors cross-sectionally and over time, suggesting their upstream role in risk factor progression. Functional studies are needed to validate findings and facilitate translation into treatments or preventive measures.
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25
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Gugołek A, Juśkiewicz J, Strychalski J, Konstantynowicz M, Zwoliński C. Nutrient digestibility and colonic fermentation processes in species of the families Mustelidae and Canidae fed the same diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 323:637-44. [PMID: 26350446 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient digestibility was compared and the influence of colonic fermentation processes on nutrient digestibility was determined in the American mink (Neovison vison) and the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes). It was hypothesized that gut microbiota exert varied effects on digestion processes in the analyzed species. The experiment was performed in December, on a group of 10 male mink and 10 male foxes. All animals were fed identical diets for fur-bearing carnivores, with the following chemical composition (%): dry matter (DM)-33.12, total protein (TP)-12.01, ether extract (EE)-8.64, crude fiber (CF)-12.01, N-free extracts (N-FE)-9.32, and gross energy (GE)-7.313 MJ/kg(-1) . The coefficients of DM, OM, TP and EE digestibility were significantly higher in foxes than in mink. Mink were characterized by significantly higher utilization of N-FE. In foxes, as compared with mink, fermentation rates were higher in the final section of the gastrointestinal tract, which improved nutrient digestibility. In mink, characterized by lower fermentation rates in the colon, increased enzyme secretion by bacterial cells is one of the physiological mechanisms that enable to optimize nutrient absorption in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Gugołek
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Strychalski
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Konstantynowicz
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cezary Zwoliński
- Department of Fur-bearing Animal Breeding and Game Management, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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da Silva Pedroza AA, Lopes A, Mendes da Silva RF, Braz GR, Nascimento LP, Ferreira DS, dos Santos ÂA, Batista-de-Oliveira-Hornsby M, Lagranha CJ. Can fish oil supplementation and physical training improve oxidative metabolism in aged rat hearts? Life Sci 2015; 137:133-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Effects of drying on caffeoylquinic acid derivative content and antioxidant capacity of sweet potato leaves. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 23:701-708. [PMID: 28911486 PMCID: PMC9345467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives are known to possess antioxidative potential and have many beneficial effects on human health. The present study compared the CQA contents and antioxidant activities of aerial parts of sweet potato plants. The effects of drying methods (freeze drying, and drying at 30°C, 70°C, and 100°C) on these two parameters of the first fully expanded leaves were also assessed. The results indicated that the CQA derivatives were detectable in leaves, stem, and flowers of sweet potato plants (varied from 39.34 mg/g dry weight to 154.05 mg/g dry weight), with the leaves (particularly expanding and first fully expanded leaves) containing more CQA derivatives than other aerial plant parts. The expanding and first fully expanded leaves also exhibited greater antioxidant activities than other aerial plant parts, possibly due to their higher contents of CQA derivatives. Drying method significantly affected the content of CQA derivatives in dried sweet potato leaf tissues. Drying treatments at both 70°C and 100°C significantly reduced the CQA derivative content and antioxidant activity in the first fully expanded leaves. Among the tested drying methods, the freeze-drying method demonstrated the preservation of the highest amount of CQA derivatives (147.84 mg/g) and antioxidant property. However, 30°C cool air drying was also a desirable choice (total CQA derivative content was reduced to only 129.52 mg/g), compared to 70°C and 100°C hot air drying, for commercial-scale processing of sweet potato leaves, if the higher operation cost of freeze drying was a major concern.
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Jurgoński A, Juśkiewicz J, Zduńczyk Z. A high-fat diet differentially affects the gut metabolism and blood lipids of rats depending on the type of dietary fat and carbohydrate. Nutrients 2014; 6:616-26. [PMID: 24496299 PMCID: PMC3942721 DOI: 10.3390/nu6020616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this model study was to investigate how selected gut functions and serum lipid profile in rats on high-fat diets differed according to the type of fat (saturated vs. unsaturated) and carbohydrate (simple vs. complex). The experiment was conducted using 32 male Wistar rats distributed into 4 groups of 8 animals each. For 4 weeks, the animals were fed group-specific diets that were either rich in lard or soybean oil (16% of the diet) as the source of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, respectively; further, each lard- and soybean oil-rich diet contained either fructose or corn starch (45.3% of the diet) as the source of simple or complex carbohydrates, respectively. Both dietary factors contributed to changes in the caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, especially to the butyrate concentration, which was higher in rats fed lard- and corn starch-rich diets compared to soybean oil- and fructose-rich diets, respectively. The lowest butyrate concentration was observed in rats fed the soybean oil- and fructose-rich diet. On the other hand, the lard- and fructose-rich diet vs. the other dietary combinations significantly increased serum total cholesterol concentration, to more than two times serum triglyceride concentration and to more than five times the atherogenic index. In conclusion, a high-fat diet rich in fructose can unfavorably affect gut metabolism when unsaturated fats are predominant in the diet or the blood lipids when a diet is rich in saturated fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Jurgoński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima street, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima street, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
| | - Zenon Zduńczyk
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10 Tuwima street, Olsztyn 10-748, Poland.
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Asl ZS, Malekirad AA, Abdollahi M, Bakhshipour A, Dastjerdi HA, Mostafalou S, Poor RY. Effects of the Mixture of <i>Cichorium intybus</i> L. and <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i> on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.611148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ziamajidi N, Khaghani S, Hassanzadeh G, Vardasbi S, Ahmadian S, Nowrouzi A, Ghaffari SM, Abdirad A. Amelioration by chicory seed extract of diabetes- and oleic acid-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) via modulation of PPARα and SREBP-1. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:198-209. [PMID: 23603006 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) seed extract (CI) on hepatic steatosis caused by early and late stage diabetes in rats (in vivo), and induced in HepG2 cells (in vitro) by BSA-oleic acid complex (OA). Different dosages of CI (1.25, 2.5 and 5 mg/ml) were applied along with OA (1 mM) to HepG2 cells, simultaneously and non-simultaneously; and without OA to ordinary non-steatotic cells. Cellular lipid accumulation and glycerol release, and hepatic triglyceride (TG) content were measured. The expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) were determined. Liver samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Significant histological damage (steatosis-inflammation-fibrosis) to the cells and tissues and down-regulation of SREBP-1c and PPARα genes that followed steatosis induction were prevented by CI in simultaneous treatment. In non-simultaneous treatment, CI up-regulated the expression of both genes and restored the normal levels of the corresponding proteins; with a greater stimulating effect on PPARα, CI acted as a PPARα agonist. CI released glycerol from HepG2 cells, and targeted the first and the second hit phases of hepatic steatosis. A preliminary attempt to characterize CI showed caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and chicoric acid, among the constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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The Effect of High-Fat Diet-Induced Pathophysiological Changes in the Gut on Obesity: What Should be the Ideal Treatment? Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2013; 4:e39. [PMID: 23842483 PMCID: PMC3724044 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2013.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder and fundamental cause of other fatal diseases including atherosclerosis and cancer. One of the main factor that contributes to the development of obesity is high-fat (HF) consumption. Lipid ingestion will initiate from the gut feedback mechanisms to regulate glucose and lipid metabolisms. But these lipid-sensing pathways are impaired in HF-induced insulin resistance, resulting in hyperglycemia. Besides that, duodenal lipid activates mucosal mast cells, leading to the disruption of the intestinal tight junction. Lipopolysaccharide that is co-transited with dietary fat postprandially, promotes the release of cytokines and the development of metabolic syndrome. HF-diet also alters microbiota composition and enhances fat storage. Although gut is protected by immune system and contains high level of antioxidants, obesity developed presumably when this protective mechanism is compromised by the presence of excessive fat. Several therapeutic approaches targeting different pathways have been proposed. There may be no one single most effective treatment, but all aimed to prevent obesity. This review will elaborate on the physiological and molecular changes in the gut that lead to obesity, and will provide a summary of potential treatments to manage these pathophysiological changes.
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León-González AJ, Mateos R, Ramos S, Martín MÁ, Sarriá B, Martín-Cordero C, López-Lázaro M, Bravo L, Goya L. Chemo-protective activity and characterization of phenolic extracts from Corema album. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ghamarian A, Abdollahi M, Su X, Amiri A, Ahadi A, Nowrouzi A. Effect of chicory seed extract on glucose tolerance test (GTT) and metabolic profile in early and late stage diabetic rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:56. [PMID: 23352214 PMCID: PMC3556018 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and purpose of the study The goal was to evaluate and compare the effects of aqueous extract of the seeds of chicory, Cichorium intybus L., on glucose tolerance test (GTT) and blood biochemical indices of experimentally-induced hyperglycemic rats. Methods Late stage and early stage of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were induced in rats by streptozotocin (STZ) and a combination of STZ and niacinamide (NIA/STZ), respectively. Within each group, one subgroup received daily i. p. injections of chicory extract (125 mg/kg body weight, for 28 days). Body weight and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were measured weekly. Blood was analyzed for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and sera for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), nitric oxide (NO), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), total protein, and insulin on days 10 and 28 after treatment. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) along with insulin determination was performed on a different set of rats in which the chicory-treated groups received the extract for 10 days. Results During 4 weeks of treatment, chicory prevented body-weight loss and decreased FBS. ALT activities and levels of TG, TC and HbA1c decreased, and concentration of NO increased in the chicory treated groups (p < 0.05). Unlike late-stage diabetes, fasting serum insulin concentrations were higher and GTT pattern approximated to normal in chicory-treated early-stage diabetic rats. Conclusions Chicory appeared to have short-term (about 2 hours, as far as GTT is concerned) and long-term (28 days, in this study) effects on diabetes. Chicory may be useful as a natural dietary supplement for slowing down the pace of diabetes progress, and delaying the development of its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolreza Ghamarian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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