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Maguolo A, Gabbianelli R, Maffeis C. Micronutrients in early life and offspring metabolic health programming: a promising target for preventing non-communicable diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:1105-1112. [PMID: 37604969 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Developing and implementing effective preventive strategies is the best way to ensure the overall metabolic health status of the population and to counter the global burden of non-communicable diseases. Predisposition to obesity and other non-communicable diseases is due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors throughout life, but the early environment, particularly the environment during the fetal period and the early years of life, is crucial in determining metabolic health, hence the concept of 'fetal programming'. The origins of this causal link between environmental factors and disease lie in epigenetic mechanisms. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a crucial role in this process. Substantial evidence documented the key role of macronutrients in the programming of metabolic diseases early in life. Recently, the effect of maternal micronutrient intake on offspring metabolic health in later life emerged. The purpose of this narrative review is to bring to light available evidence in the literature on the effect of maternal micronutrient status on offspring metabolic health and underlying epigenetic mechanisms that drive this link to highlight its potential role in the prevention of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maguolo
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology and Nutrigenomics, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Paez DT, Mendes Garrido Abregú F, Ciancio Del Giudice N, Soria D, Fariña G, Álvarez JH, Fasoli HJ, Zago V, Elesgaray R, Caniffi C, Arranz C, Tomat AL. Zinc deficiency and a high-fat diet during growth: Metabolic and adipocyte alterations in rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:1808-1816. [PMID: 37419750 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet during post-weaning growth on intermediate metabolism and retroperitoneal adipose tissue, in adult male rats exposed to adequate or deficient zinc intake during prenatal and postnatal life. METHODS AND RESULTS Female Wistar rats were fed low- or control-zinc diets from pregnancy to offspring weaning. Male offspring born from control mothers were fed either control or high-fat, control-zinc diets for 60 days. Male offspring born from zinc deficient mothers were fed either low-zinc or high-fat, low-zinc diets for 60 days. At 74 days of life, oral glucose tolerance test was performed. In 81-day-old offspring, blood pressure, lipid profile, plasmatic lipid peroxidation and serum adiponectin level were determined. In retroperitoneal adipose tissue, we evaluated oxidative stress, morphology and adipocytokines mRNA expression. Low-zinc diet induced adipocytes hypertrophy, increased oxidative stress, and decreased adiponectin mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Low-zinc diet increased systolic blood pressure, triglyceridemia, plasmatic lipid peroxidation and glycemia at 3 h after glucose overload. Animals fed high-fat or high-fat, low-zinc diets showed adipocytes hypertrophy, decreased adiponectin mRNA expression, and increased leptin mRNA expression and oxidative stress in adipose tissue. They also exhibited decreased serum adiponectin levels, increased triglyceridemia, plasmatic lipid peroxidation and area under the oral glucose tolerance curve. High-fat, low-zinc diet induced greater alterations in adipocyte hypertrophy, leptin mRNA expression and glucose tolerance test than high-fat diet. CONCLUSION Zinc deficiency since early stages of intrauterine life could increase susceptibility to metabolic alterations induced by high-fat diets during postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamela T Paez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Ciancio Del Giudice
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián Soria
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gregorio Fariña
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Av. Córdoba 2351 Piso 1º, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan H Álvarez
- Universidad de la Defensa Nacional (UNDEF), Facultad de Ingeniería del Ejército, Cabildo 15, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Héctor J Fasoli
- Universidad de la Defensa Nacional (UNDEF), Facultad de Ingeniería del Ejército, Cabildo 15, CP 1428, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Zago
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Av. Córdoba 2351 Piso 1º, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana Elesgaray
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Caniffi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Arranz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía L Tomat
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mendes Garrido Abregú F, Caniffi C, Arranz CT, Tomat AL. Impact of Zinc Deficiency During Prenatal and/or Postnatal Life on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases: Experimental and Clinical Evidence. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:833-845. [PMID: 35167660 PMCID: PMC9156367 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest findings, from animal models and clinical studies, regarding the cardiovascular and metabolic consequences in adult life of zinc deficiency (ZD) during prenatal and early postnatal life. The effect of zinc supplementation (ZS) and new insights about sex differences in the phenotype and severity of cardiovascular and metabolic alterations are also discussed. Zinc has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties and regulates the activity of enzymes involved in regulation of the metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Maternal ZD is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight (LBW). Breast-fed preterm infants are at risk of ZD due to lower zinc uptake during fetal life and reduced gut absorption capacity. ZS is most likely to increase growth in preterm infants and survival in LBW infants in countries where ZD is prevalent. Studies performed in rats revealed that moderate ZD during prenatal and/or early postnatal growth is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, cardiovascular and renal alterations, obesity, and diabetes in adult life. An adequate zinc diet during postweaning life does not always prevent the cardiovascular and metabolic alterations induced by zinc restriction during fetal and lactation periods. Male rats are more susceptible to this injury than females, and some of the mechanisms involved include: 1) alterations in organogenesis, 2) activation of oxidative, apoptotic, and inflammatory processes, 3) dysfunction of nitric oxide and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone systems, 4) changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, and 5) adipose tissue dysfunction. Safeguarding body zinc requirements during pregnancy, lactation, and growth periods could become a new target in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the efficacy of ZS during early stages of growth to prevent the development of these diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Caniffi
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina T Arranz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,CONICET, Instituto de la Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li Y, Li L, Yang W, Yu Z. <sup>1</sup>Effects of zinc deficiency in male mice on glucose metabolism of male offspring. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:369-374. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
| | - LingLing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
| | - Zengli Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University
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Wu Y, Zhang Q, Xiao X. The Effect and Potential Mechanism of Maternal Micronutrient Intake on Offspring Glucose Metabolism: An Emerging Field. Front Nutr 2021; 8:763809. [PMID: 34746215 PMCID: PMC8568771 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.763809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes has become the most common metabolic disease around the world. In addition to genetic and environmental factors in adulthood, the early life environment is critical to the progression of diabetes in adults, especially the environment during the fetal period; this concept is called “fetal programming.” Substantial evidence has illustrated the key role of early life macronutrient in programming metabolic diseases. Recently, the effect of maternal micronutrient intake on offspring glucose metabolism during later life has become an emerging field. This review focuses on updated human and animal evidence about the effect of maternal micronutrient status on offspring glucose metabolism and the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Since the discovery of manifest Zn deficiency in 1961, the increasing number of studies demonstrated the association between altered Zn status and multiple diseases. In this chapter, we provide a review of the most recent advances on the role of Zn in health and disease (2010-20), with a special focus on the role of Zn in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, diabetes and obesity, male and female reproduction, as well as COVID-19. In parallel with the revealed tight association between ASD risk and severity and Zn status, the particular mechanisms linking Zn2+ and ASD pathogenesis like modulation of synaptic plasticity through ProSAP/Shank scaffold, neurotransmitter metabolism, and gut microbiota, have been elucidated. The increasing body of data indicate the potential involvement of Zn2+ metabolism in neurodegeneration. Systemic Zn levels in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease were found to be reduced, whereas its sequestration in brain may result in modulation of amyloid β and α-synuclein processing with subsequent toxic effects. Zn2+ was shown to possess adipotropic effects through the role of zinc transporters, zinc finger proteins, and Zn-α2-glycoprotein in adipose tissue physiology, underlying its particular role in pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. Recent findings also contribute to further understanding of the role of Zn2+ in spermatogenesis and sperm functioning, as well as oocyte development and fertilization. Finally, Zn2+ was shown to be the potential adjuvant therapy in management of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), underlining the perspectives of zinc in management of old and new threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia.
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Gobetto MN, Mendes Garrido Abregú F, Caniffi C, Veiras L, Elesgaray R, Gironacci M, Tomat AL, Arranz C. Fetal and postnatal zinc restriction: sex differences in the renal renin-angiotensin system of newborn and adult Wistar rats. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 81:108385. [PMID: 32388253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate renal morphology and the renal renin-angiotensin system in 6- and 81-day-old male and female offspring exposed to zinc deficiency during fetal life, lactation and/or postnatal growth. Female Wistar rats were fed low- or control zinc diets from pregnancy to offspring weaning. Afterwards, offspring were fed a low- or a control zinc diet until 81 days of life. In 6- and/or 81-day-old offspring, we evaluated systolic blood pressure, renal morphology, renal angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 concentration, and AT1 and AT2 receptors and angiotensin-converting enzymes protein and/or mRNA expression. At 6 days, zinc-deficient male offspring showed decreased glomerular filtration areas, remodelling of renal arteries, greater number of renal apoptotic cells, increased levels of Angiotensin II, higher Angiotensin II/Angiotensin 1-7 ratio and increased angiotensin-converting enzyme 1, AT1 and AT2 receptors mRNA and/or protein expression. Exacerbation of the renal Ang II/AT1 receptor axis and remodelling of renal arteries were also observed in adult zinc-deficient male offspring. An adequate zinc diet during post-weaning life did not improve all the alterations induced by zinc deficiency in early stages of development. Female offspring would appear to be less sensitive to zinc deficiency with no increase in blood pressure or significant alterations in renal morphology and the renin-angiotensin system. Moderate zinc deficiency during critical periods of prenatal and postnatal development leads to early morphological renal alterations and to permanent and long-term changes in the renal renin-angiotensin system that could predispose to renal and cardiovascular diseases in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Natalia Gobetto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Mendes Garrido Abregú
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Caniffi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Veiras
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Davis Research Bldg., Rm. 2007.110N, George Burns Rd., Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Rosana Elesgaray
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Gironacci
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Biológica, Junín 956, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Junín 956, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Lorena Tomat
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cristina Arranz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Fisiología, Junín 956, Piso 7, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Piso 2, CP 1113, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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