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Gu P, Pu B, Liu T, Yue D, Xin Q, Li HS, Yang BL, Ke DZ, Zheng XH, Zeng ZP, Zhang ZQ. Appraising causal risk and protective factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:601-614. [PMID: 37732818 PMCID: PMC10512867 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.129.bjr-2023-0118.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Mendelian randomization (MR) is considered to overcome the bias of observational studies, but there is no current meta-analysis of MR studies on rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this study was to summarize the relationship between potential pathogenic factors and RA risk based on existing MR studies. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for MR studies on influencing factors in relation to RA up to October 2022. Meta-analyses of MR studies assessing correlations between various potential pathogenic factors and RA were conducted. Random-effect and fixed-effect models were used to synthesize the odds ratios of various pathogenic factors and RA. The quality of the study was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology using Mendelian Randomization (STROBE-MR) guidelines. Results A total of 517 potentially relevant articles were screened, 35 studies were included in the systematic review, and 19 studies were eligible to be included in the meta-analysis. Pooled estimates of 19 included studies (causality between 15 different risk factors and RA) revealed that obesity, smoking, coffee intake, lower education attainment, and Graves' disease (GD) were related to the increased risk of RA. In contrast, the causality contribution from serum mineral levels (calcium, iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, selenium), alcohol intake, and chronic periodontitis to RA is not significant. Conclusion Obesity, smoking, education attainment, and GD have real causal effects on the occurrence and development of RA. These results may provide insights into the genetic susceptibility and potential biological pathways of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Gu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Pu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Yue
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiao Xin
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Shan Li
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bai-Lin Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dao-Ze Ke
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Peng Zeng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Xiao XY, Chen Q, Shi YZ, Li LW, Hua C, Zheng H. Risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview of systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:42. [PMID: 37596678 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus is complex and incurable. A large number of systematic reviews have studied the risk factors of it. Mendelian randomization is an analytical method that uses genetic data as tool variables to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. OBJECTIVE To review the systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies that focused on the risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus and shed light on the development of treatments for its prevention and intervention. METHODS From inception to January 2022, we systematically searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase for related systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies. Extract relevant main data for studies that meet inclusion criteria. The quality of systematic reviews was assessed by using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2). Finally, the risk factors are scored comprehensively according to the results' quantity, quality, and consistency. RESULTS Our study involved 64 systematic reviews and 12 Mendelian randomization studies. The results of systematic reviews showed that diseases (endometriosis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis), lifestyle (smoking, drinking, vaccination), and gene polymorphism influenced the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. The results of Mendelian randomization studies identified the role of disease (periodontitis, celiac disease), trace elements (selenium, iron), cytokines (growth differentiation factor 15), and gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. CONCLUSION We should pay attention to preventing and treating systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with endometriosis, celiac disease, and periodontitis. Take appropriate dietary supplements to increase serum iron and selenium levels to reduce the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. There should be no excessive intervention in lifestyles such as smoking and drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Xiao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Yun-Zhou Shi
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Li-Wen Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Can Hua
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166 Liutai Avenue, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Li W, Kan H, Zhang W, Zhong Y, Liao W, Huang G, Wu P. Mendelian randomization study on the causal effects of systemic lupus erythematosus on major depressive disorder. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:11-16. [PMID: 36316471 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of epidemiological studies suggested a link between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the causality for SLE on the risk of MDD remained unknown due to confounding factors or reverse causality. Herein, we investigated the causality between SLE and MDD in those of European ancestry by a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Summary genetic data of cases with SLE/MDD were derived from independent largest public genome-wide association study. Forty-six single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with SLE were used as instrumental variables. The main causal inference was carried out using the MRE-IVW method. Additional, reverse-direction MR and multivariable MR analyses were further performed. Result indicated that SLE was causally associated with a lower risk of MDD (using the MRE-IVW method, odds ratio [OR] = 0.983, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.974-0.991, p = 1.18 × 10-4). Complementary analysis found no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Multivariate MR analysis yielded consistent results (OR = 0.981; 95% CI = 0.969-0.993; p = 2.75 × 10-3). Reverse-direction MR analysis suggested non-causal relationship of MDD on the risk of SLE (using the IVW method, OR = 0.846, 95% CI = 0.345-2.072; p = 0.714). Thus, this is the first study providing evidence of potential causal links between SLE and MDD and further related research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hoktim Kan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizhe Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Zhong
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiwu Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peihui Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen C, Wang P, Zhang RD, Fang Y, Jiang LQ, Fang X, Zhao Y, Wang DG, Ni J, Pan HF. Mendelian randomization as a tool to gain insights into the mosaic causes of autoimmune diseases. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 21:103210. [PMID: 36273526 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a broad range of disorders which are characterized by long-term inflammation and tissue damage arising from an immune response against one's own tissues. It is now widely accepted that the causes of ADs include environmental factors, genetic susceptibility and immune dysregulation. However, the exact etiology of ADs has not been fully elucidated to date. Because observational studies are plagued by confounding factors and reverse causality, no firm conclusions can be drawn about the etiology of ADs. Over the years, Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis has come into focus, offering unique perspectives and insights into the etiology of ADs and promising the discovery of potential therapeutic interventions. In MR analysis, genetic variation (alleles are randomly dispensed during meiosis, usually irrespective of environmental or lifestyle factors) is used instead of modifiable exposure to explore the link between exposure factors and disease or other outcomes. Therefore, MR analysis can provide a valuable method for exploring the causal relationship between different risk factors and ADs when its inherent assumptions and limitations are fully considered. This review summarized the recent findings of MR in major ADs, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), focused on the effects of different risk factors on ADs risks. In addition, we also discussed the opportunities and challenges of MR methods in ADs research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruo-Di Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yang Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Ling-Qiong Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - De-Guang Wang
- Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China; Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Jing Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation & Immunity Mediated Diseases, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China.
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Sun X, Deng Y, Ma Y, Shao M, Ni M, Zhang T, Wang X, Xu S, Chen Y, Xu S, Pan F. Common mineral nutrients in ankylosing spondylitis: A 2‐sample Mendelian randomization study. Int J Rheum Dis 2022; 25:1129-1136. [DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Man Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Xinqi Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Shengqian Xu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Hefei China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health Anhui Medical University Hefei China
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases Anhui Medical University Hefei China
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Abdelhamid L, Luo XM. Diet and Hygiene in Modulating Autoimmunity During the Pandemic Era. Front Immunol 2022; 12:749774. [PMID: 35069526 PMCID: PMC8766844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.749774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is an efficiently toned machinery that discriminates between friends and foes for achieving both host defense and homeostasis. Deviation of immune recognition from foreign to self and/or long-lasting inflammatory responses results in the breakdown of tolerance. Meanwhile, educating the immune system and developing immunological memory are crucial for mounting defensive immune responses while protecting against autoimmunity. Still to elucidate is how diverse environmental factors could shape autoimmunity. The emergence of a world pandemic such as SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) not only threatens the more vulnerable individuals including those with autoimmune conditions but also promotes an unprecedented shift in people's dietary approaches while urging for extraordinary hygiene measures that likely contribute to the development or exacerbation of autoimmunity. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand how environmental factors modulate systemic autoimmunity to better mitigate the incidence and or severity of COVID-19 among the more vulnerable populations. Here, we discuss the effects of diet (macronutrients and micronutrients) and hygiene (the use of disinfectants) on autoimmunity with a focus on systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Abdelhamid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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