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Mohapatra S, Kumar PA, Aggarwal A, Iqubal A, Mirza MA, Iqbal Z. Phytotherapeutic approach for conquering menopausal syndrome and osteoporosis. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2728-2763. [PMID: 38522005 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Women face a significant change in their reproductive health as menopause sets in. It is marred with numerous physiological changes that negatively impact their quality of life. This universal, transition phase is associated with menopausal and postmenopausal syndrome, which may spread over 2-10 years. This creates a depletion of female hormones causing physical, mental, sexual and social problems and may, later on, manifest as postmenopausal osteoporosis leading to weak bones, causing fractures and ultimately morbidity and mortality. Menopausal hormone therapy generally encompasses the correction of hormone balance through various pharmacological agents, but the associated side effects often lead to cessation of therapy with poor clinical outcomes. However, it has been noticed that phytotherapeutics is trusted by women for the amelioration of symptoms related to menopause and for improving bone health. This could primarily be due to their reduced side effects and lesser costs. This review attempts to bring forth the suitability of phytotherapeutics/herbals for the management of menopausal, postmenopausal syndrome, and menopausal osteoporosis through several published research. It tries to enlist the available botanicals with their key constituents and mechanism of action for mitigating symptoms associated with menopause as well as osteoporosis. It also includes a list of a few herbal commercial products available for these complications. The article also intends to collate the findings of various clinical trials and patents available in this field and provide a window for newer research avenues in this highly important yet ignored health segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sradhanjali Mohapatra
- Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - P Ayash Kumar
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, R&D Centre, Gurugram, India
| | - Akshay Aggarwal
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, R&D Centre, Gurugram, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Aamir Mirza
- Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Zeenat Iqbal
- Nanotechnology Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV. Cadmium as a male reproductive toxicant and natural and non-natural ways to tackle it: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18340-18361. [PMID: 38349491 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a naturally occurring environmental pollutant, a toxic substance that causes oxidative stress. According to epidemiological studies, the data suggested that environmental and occupational Cd exposure may be related to several diseases and severe testicular damage. However, studies are going on to explore the mechanism of Cd-induced male reproductive toxicity and its treatment strategies. Currently, researchers are focusing on naturally occurring bioactive compounds, plant extracts, and biochemical, which have better efficacy, less toxicity, and high bioavailability. This review focuses on the mechanistic effect of Cd on testicular toxicity and different categories of compounds having a beneficial impact on Cd-induced male reproductive toxicity. Some potent bioactive antioxidants are quercetin, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, curcumin, and silymarin. In comparison, plant extracts are Costus afer leaf methanol extract, methanol root extract of Carpolobia lutea, red carrot methanolic extract, Panax ginseng extract, and biochemicals including melatonin, progesterone, glutamine, L-carnitine, and selenium. Advanced and more detailed studies are needed on these compounds to explore their mechanism in attenuating Cd-induced testicular toxicity and can be potential therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Lee DY, Arndt J, O’Connell JF, Egan JM, Kim Y. Red Ginseng Attenuates the Hepatic Cellular Senescence in Aged Mice. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:36. [PMID: 38248467 PMCID: PMC10813250 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is defined as an irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by morphological and physiological alterations during aging. Red ginseng (RG), processed from fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) with a one-time steaming and drying process, is a well-known beneficial herbal medicine showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties. The current study aimed to investigate the benefits of RG in alleviating hepatic cellular senescence and its adverse effects in 19-month-old aged mice. We applied two different intervention methods and durations to compare RG's effects in a time-dependent manner: (1) oral gavage injection for 4 weeks and (2) ad libitum intervention for 14 weeks. We observed that 4-week RG administration was exerted to maintain insulin homeostasis against developing age-associated insulin insensitivity and suppressed cellular senescence pathway in the liver and primary hepatocytes. Moreover, with remarkable improvement of insulin homeostasis, 14-week RG supplementation downregulated the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and its downstream transcriptional factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in aged mice. Lastly, RG treatment significantly reduced the senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells in primary hepatocytes and ionizing radiation (IR)-exposed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Taken together, we suggest that RG can be a promising candidate for a senolytic substance by preventing hepatic cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Yeon Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Juliana Arndt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
| | - Jennifer F. O’Connell
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (J.F.O.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (J.F.O.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA; (D.-Y.L.); (J.A.)
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Aziz RLA, Abdel-Wahab A, Abdel-Razik ARH, Kamel S, Farghali AA, Saleh R, Mahmoud R, Ibrahim MA, Nabil TM, El-Ela FIA. Physiological roles of propolis and red ginseng nanoplatforms in alleviating dexamethasone-induced male reproductive challenges in a rat model. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:72. [PMID: 38175282 PMCID: PMC10766727 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red ginseng and propolis are well-known antioxidants that have been related to a reduction in oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the efficiency of red ginseng and propolis, either in powder or as nano-forms against dexamethasone-induced testicular oxidative challenges in adult male albino rats. METHODS Forty rats were divided into 8 equal groups including control negative group that was given vehicle (DMSO), control positive group that was administered dexamethasone in addition to the nano-propolis, nano-ginseng, nano-propolis + dexamethasone, nano ginseng+dexamethasone, propolis+dexamethasone and ginseng + dexamethasone groups. Serum, semen and tissue samples were obtained. RESULTS Lower testosterone levels, higher levels of MDA, and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity in serum, as well as impaired semen quality and a disturbed histopathological picture of both the testis and seminal glands, were all observed as significant negative effects of dexamethasone. These findings were confirmed by lower gene expression profiles of CYP11A1, StAR, HSD-3b, Nrf-2 and ACTB-3b in testicular and seminal gland tissues. The most powerful anti-dexamethasone effects were obtained with either propolis in nanoform or conventional ginseng. CONCLUSION Propolis nano-formulation and ginseng in conventional form could be considered excellent candidates to ameliorate the oxidative stress provoked by dexamethasone, however, neither nano-ginseng nor conventional propolis showed such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabie L Abdel Aziz
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt.
| | - Abdel-Razik H Abdel-Razik
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni- Suef, 62512, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Romaissaa Saleh
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Taghred M Nabil
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni- Suef, 62512, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
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Kwak YB, Lee E, Choi H, Park T, Kim A, Kim J, Yoon J, Yoo HH. A pharmacokinetic study on red ginseng with furosemide in equine. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1319998. [PMID: 38076549 PMCID: PMC10704239 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1319998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Red ginseng (RG) is a popular ingredient in traditional Korean medicine that has various health benefits. It is commonly taken orally as a dietary supplement; however, its potential interactions with concomitantly administered drugs are unclear. In this study, we examined the pharmacokinetic interaction between furosemide and RG in equine plasma. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis was performed to evaluate ginsenosides in the plasma of horses after feeding them RG and furosemide and validate the results. A single bolus of furosemide (0.5 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to female horses that had consumed RG (600 mg/kg/day) every morning for 3 weeks (experimental group), and blood samples were collected from 0 to 24 h, analyzed, and compared with those from female horses that did not consume RG (control group). Four (20s)-protopanaxadiol ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) were detected in the plasma. Rb1 and Rc individually showed a high concentration distribution in the plasma. The Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ of furosemide was significantly increased in the experimental group (p < 0.05), while the CL, Vz, and Vss was decreased (p < 0.05, p < 0.01). These changes indicate the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between furosemide and RG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Beom Kwak
- Racing Laboratory, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyu Lee
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Choi
- Training Support Team, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taemook Park
- Equine Clinic, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahram Kim
- Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungon Kim
- Management Team, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Yoon
- Equine Clinic, Jeju Stud Farm, Korea Racing Authority, Jeju-si, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Hyun Yoo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology and College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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XIE Y, Wang J, Li Z, Luan Y, Li M, Peng X, Xiao S, Zhang S. Damage prevention effect of milk-derived peptides on UVB irradiated human foreskin fibroblasts and regulation of photoaging related indicators. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shojaeepour S, Sharififar F, Haghpanah T, Iranpour M, Imani M, Dabiri S. Panax ginseng ameliorate toxic effects of cadmium on germ cell apoptosis, sperm quality, and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. TOXIN REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1884095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeedeh Shojaeepour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fariba Sharififar
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Haghpanah
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoud Imani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahriar Dabiri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Moch Rizal D, Septiyorini N. Molecular Action of Herbal Medicine in Physiology of Erection and its Dysfunction. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20224902002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Erection is a physiological process that involves vascular, hormonal, and nervous factors. Erectile dysfunction is one of the male sexual problems that occur globally and is reported to affect men's quality of life. Herbal plants have been widely used for disease treatment, including the problem of erectile dysfunction. This paper aims to review the molecular potential of various plants in the physiology of erection and to treat erectile dysfunction. The literature search was carried out through the Pubmed and Google Scholar databases regarding the molecular mechanisms of herbal plants and their potential involvement in the physiology of erection and overcoming erectile dysfunction. This paper focuses on six herbal plants: Panax ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Epimedium, Black pepper, Tribulus terrestris, and Eurycoma longifolia. The six herbal plants have involvement in the erection process and have molecular potential in the treatment of erectile problems
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Chung TH, Kim JH, Seol SY, Kim YJ, Lee YJ. The Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Biological Aging and Antioxidant Capacity in Postmenopausal Women: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093090. [PMID: 34578969 PMCID: PMC8469655 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are vulnerable to aging and oxidative stress due to reduced estrogen. Previous studies have shown that Korean red ginseng (KRG) has beneficial effects on aging and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of KRG on biological aging and antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal women. This study conducted a double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. The participants were randomly administered KRG or a placebo, and the following metrics were measured: mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) copy number as an indicator of biological aging and, total antioxidant status (TAS) as a marker of antioxidant capacity. Clinical symptoms of fatigue, as measured by the fatigue severity scale, were assessed before and after KRG administration. There were 63 participants, of whom 33 received KRG and 30 received a placebo. The mtDNA copy number (KRG group: 1.58 ± 2.05, placebo group: 0.28 ± 2.36, p = 0.023) and TAS (KRG group: 0.11 ± 0.25 mmol/L, placebo group: −0.04 ± 0.16 mmol/L, p = 0.011) increased and the fatigue severity scale (KRG group: −7 ± 12, placebo group: −1 ± 11, p = 0.033) decreased significantly more in the KRG group than the placebo group. KRG significantly increased the mtDNA copy number, total antioxidant status, and improved symptoms of fatigue in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ha Chung
- Department of Family Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kim
- Department of Health Promotion, Severance Check-Up, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - So-Young Seol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Yon-Ji Kim
- Department of Health Promotion, Severance Check-Up, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.-H.K.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yong-Jae Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-2630
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KOŞMAZ K, DURHAN A, ŞENLİKCİ A, SÜLEYMAN M, BOSTANCI MT, PEKCİCİ MR, ŞENEŞ M, ALKAN KUŞABBİ İ, GÖNÜLTAŞ MA, HÜCÜMENOĞLU S, BARLAS AM, BAĞ YM, ERSAK C, ERGÜDER E. Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Red Ginseng on Lipid Profile, Endothelial and Oxidative Damage after Splenectomy in Rats. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.952140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Lai MMC, Zhang HA, Kitts DD. Ginseng Prong Added to Broiler Diets Reduces Lipid Peroxidation in Refrigerated and Frozen Stored Poultry Meats. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134033. [PMID: 34279373 PMCID: PMC8271962 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid content and lipid oxidation products were compared in chicken breast and leg meats derived from birds fed on animal-fat- and vegetable-oil-based diets, supplemented with ginseng prong powder. The first experiment examined polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content and the formation of primary and secondary lipid oxidation products in meats stored at refrigeration temperatures (4 °C) for up to 10 days, while the second experiment examined similar changes in the poultry meats when frozen stored at −18 °C, for up to six months. Results showed that initial lipid hydroperoxide concentrations increased in both breast and leg meat within the first week of refrigerated storage and also was ongoing during the first three to four months of frozen storage. A higher (p < 0.05) PUFA content in leg meat, especially in broilers fed a vegetable-oil-blended diet, corresponded to greater tendency for generation of primary lipid oxidation products after refrigerated and frozen storage (p < 0.05). The inclusion of powdered ginseng prong in broiler diets significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) secondary lipid oxidation products (e.g., malonaldehyde [MDA]) formation in both stored leg and breast meat, compared to controls. Significant interactions (p < 0.05) were obtained for storage time and inclusion of ginseng against production of primary and secondary lipid oxidation in broiler breast and leg meats from broilers fed PUFA-containing diets. We conclude that including ginseng prong in broiler growing diets represents a viable strategy to control lipid oxidation in refrigerated/cold-stored meat products.
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Jin M, Kim KM, Lim C, Cho S, Kim YK. Neuroprotective effects of Korean White ginseng and Red ginseng in an ischemic stroke mouse model. J Ginseng Res 2021; 46:275-282. [PMID: 35509825 PMCID: PMC9058837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke is a neurological disorder characterized by brain tissue damage following a decrease in oxygen supply to brain due to blocked blood vessels. Reportedly, 80% of all stroke cases are classified as cerebral infarction, and the incidence rate of this condition increases with age. Herein, we compared the efficacies of Korean White ginseng (WG) and Korean Red Ginseng (RG) extracts (WGex and RGex, respectively) in an ischemic stroke mouse model and confirmed the underlying mechanisms of action. Methods Mice were orally administered WGex or RGex 1 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), for 2 h; the size of the infarct area was measured 24 h after MCAO induction. Then, the neurological deficit score was evaluated and the efficacies of the two extracts were compared. Finally, their mechanisms of action were confirmed with tissue staining and protein quantification. Results In the MCAO-induced ischemic stroke mouse model, WGex and RGex showed neuroprotective effects in the cortical region, with RGex demonstrating superior efficacy than WGex. Ginsenoside Rg1, a representative indicator substance, was not involved in mediating the effects of WGex and RGex. Conclusion WGex and RGex could alleviate the brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion, with RGex showing a more potent effect. At 1,000 mg/kg body weight, only RGex reduced cerebral infarction and edema, and both anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic pathways were involved in mediating these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungho Jin
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyeon Lim
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan Campus of Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Kyun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. College of Korean Medicine, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 47227, Republic of Korea.
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Ullah HMA, Lee YY, Kim M, Kim TW, Saba E, Kwak YS, Sandhu MA, Rhee MH. Red Ginseng Oil Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Offers Protection against Ultraviolet-Induced Photo Toxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5538470. [PMID: 34285765 PMCID: PMC8275431 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5538470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a well-known herbal medicine that has been used for a long time in Korea to treat various diseases. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo protective effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and red ginseng oil (RGO). Liver injury was produced in BALB/c mice by 400 mg/kg of acetaminophen intraperitoneal injection. The antioxidant effects of RGE and RGO on the free radicals 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were measured. In addition, the hepatoprotective activities of RGE and RGO on liver markers, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in serum and histopathological analysis, were evaluated. The protective effect of RGO on UV-induced phototoxicity was also evaluated in Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line. RGE and RGO effectively inhibited the radicals DPPH and ABTS compared with ascorbic acid and trolox, respectively. Moreover, RGE and RGO significantly decreased the liver enzyme (ALT and AST) levels, increased the antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) levels, and decreased the DNA oxidation product (8-OHdG) content in mice serum. RGO also exhibited protective effect against UV irradiation compared with chlorpromazine hydrochloride, a known phototoxic drug, in Balb/c 3T3 cell line. RGE and RGO possess antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in mice, and RGO exerts nonphototoxic activity in Balb/c 3T3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. Arif Ullah
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuan Yee Lee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Minki Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wan Kim
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Evelyn Saba
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Yi-Seong Kwak
- R&D Headquarters, Korea Ginseng Cooperation, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansur Abdullah Sandhu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Xu X, Qu Z, Qian H, Li Z, Sun X, Zhao X, Li H. Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates reproductive function injury in C57BL/6J mice induced by di-N-butyl-phthalate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:789-799. [PMID: 33331133 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the aggravation of environmental pollution, the incidence of infertility is increasing. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a monomer component extracted from Panax ginseng. It has been found that Ginsenoside Rg1 is able to prevent premature ovarian failure and delay testicular senescence. Therefore, we speculate Ginsenoside Rg1 may have great potential to prevent and treat infertility. The aim of this work is to explore whether Ginsenoside Rg1 plays a protective role in the dinbutyl phthalate (DBP)-induced reproductive function injury mice, and to elucidate the potential mechanism. C57BL/6J male mice were administered by DBP with or without Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment and serum, testis and epididymis were collected for further analysis. Sperm analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and serum hormone detection indicated that Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment improved the sperm density and sperm motility, reduced the testicular tissue damage, increased the serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels, and decreased the serum follicle-stimulating hormone level in DBP-induced mice. Furthermore, Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment upregulated expression levels of spermatogenesis-related protein, Cx43, E-cadherin, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and mTOR in the mice treated by DBP, observed by using a immunohistochemistry assay, a real-time quantitative PCR assay, and a western blot analysis. The present study reveals that Ginsenoside Rg1 may exert anti-DBP-induced reproductive function injury in C57BL/6J mice. In addition, the protect role of Ginsenoside Rg1 in spermatogenesis may be associated with the regulation of reproductive hormones, upregulation of spermatogenic associated proteins expression, restoration of the gap junctions, and the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Xu
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhenting Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jilin Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Honghao Qian
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongming Li
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuling Sun
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xinrui Zhao
- Department of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, The Second Institue for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention of Jilin Province, Jilin, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Public Health, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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15
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Combined Effects of Oligopeptides Isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Ostrea gigas Thunberg on Sexual Function in Male Mice. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052349. [PMID: 33670840 PMCID: PMC7967744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Male sexual debility affects patients’ confidence and damages the relationship between the couples and thus affects the stability of the family. This study aimed to investigate the effects of oligopeptides isolated from ginseng and oyster (GOPs and OOPs), separately and in combination, on sexual function in male mice. In the first experiment, male mice were randomly divided into five groups: vehicle control group; whey protein (125.0 mg kg−1) group; and GOPs 62.5, 125.0, and 250.0 mg kg−1 groups. In the second experiment, male mice were randomly divided into five groups: vehicle control group, whey protein (160.0 mg kg−1) group, and OOPs 80.0, 160.0, and 320.0 mg kg−1 groups. In the third experiment, male mice were randomly divided into six groups: vehicle control group, whey protein (222.5 mg kg−1) group, and GOPs + OOPs 62.5 + 160.0, 62.5 + 320.0, and 125.0 + 160.0, 125.0 + 320.0 mg kg−1 groups. Test substances were given by gavage once a day for 30 days. The sexual behavior parameters, serum nitric oxide (NO), testosterone, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) concentrations were detected. We found that GOPs at 250.0 mg kg−1 improved male sexual behavior, NO, and testosterone content, whereas GOPs at 62.5 and 125.0 mg kg−1 and OOPs at 80.0, 160, and 320 mg kg−1 did not have significant effects. The combination of 62.5 mg kg−1 GOPs + 160.0 mg kg−1 OOPs and the combination of 125.0 mg kg−1 GOPs + 320.0 mg kg−1 OOPs improved male sexual behavior, serum NO, testosterone, and cGMP contents and decreased PDE5 content. The combination of 62.5 mg kg−1 GOPs and 160.0 mg kg−1 OOPs had the best effects among four combined groups. These results suggested that GOPs in combination with OOPs had the synergistic effects of enhancing male sexual function, probably via elevating serum testosterone, NO, and corpus cavernosum cGMP level and decreasing the corpus cavernosum PDE5 level. GOPs and OOPs could be novel natural agents for improving male sexual function.
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Xu XF, Qu WJ, Jia Z, Han T, Liu MN, Bai YY, Wang M, Lin RC, Hua Q, Li XR. Effect of cultivation ages on anti-inflammatory activity of a new type of red ginseng. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111280. [PMID: 33485063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been widely applied in clinical practice, but the cultivation age cannot be ignored as it influences the quality of ginseng and its products. In this work, different cultivation ages of fresh ginseng (FG) from four to seven years were analysed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Principal component analysis and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis, which belong to the normal method of multivariate statistical analysis, were applied to discover the characteristic components of FG at different cultivation ages. The components of new type of red ginseng (NRG) derived from FG at different cultivation ages were compared by HPLC analysis. The pharmacological anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by ELISA and qPCR. The result showed that the characteristic components of both 6- and 7-year-old ginseng were ginsenoside Rb1, mal-ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rc, mal-ginsenoside Rc, mal-ginsenoside Rb1 isomer, and mal-ginsenoside Rb2. Moreover, the characteristic components of both 4- and 5-year-old ginseng were ADP-glucose and 3-hydroxyhexanoyl CoA. In addition, 6-year-old NRG has higher rare ginsenosides than 4-year-old NRG, which possesses great anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. The results reveal the ginsenoside transformation law of NRG processing and suggest that the cultivation age of FG influences the content of ginsenosides in NRG. Therefore, 6-year-old ginseng is more suitable for red ginseng processing and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fang Xu
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Wen-Jia Qu
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zhe Jia
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ting Han
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu-Ying Bai
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Min Wang
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qian Hua
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
| | - Xiang-Ri Li
- Center of TCM Processing Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Higher Education Park, Fangshan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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17
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Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Macrì R, Bosco F, Nucera S, Ruga S, Zito MC, Mollace R, Guarnieri L, Coppoletta AR, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. The Potential Properties of Natural Compounds in Cardiac Stem Cell Activation: Their Role in Myocardial Regeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:275. [PMID: 33477916 PMCID: PMC7833367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and many other cardiac disorders, cause about 30% of deaths globally; representing one of the main health problems worldwide. Among CVDs, ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The onset of IHDs is essentially due to an unbalance between the metabolic demands of the myocardium and its supply of oxygen and nutrients, coupled with a low regenerative capacity of the heart, which leads to great cardiomyocyte (CM) loss; promoting heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI). To date, the first strategy recommended to avoid IHDs is prevention in order to reduce the underlying risk factors. In the management of IHDs, traditional therapeutic options are widely used to improve symptoms, attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling, and reduce early mortality rate. However, there are no available treatments that aim to improve cardiac performance by replacing the irreversible damaged cardiomyocytes (CMs). Currently, heart transplantation is the only treatment being carried out for irreversibly damaged CMs. Hence, the discovery of new therapeutic options seems to be necessary. Interestingly, recent experimental evidence suggests that regenerative stem cell medicine could be a useful therapeutic approach to counteract cardiac damage and promote tissue regeneration. To this end, researchers are tasked with answering one main question: how can myocardial regeneration be stimulated? In this regard, natural compounds from plant extracts seem to play a particularly promising role. The present review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge of stem cell therapy in the management of CVDs; focusing on the main properties and potential mechanisms of natural compounds in stimulating and activating stem cells for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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18
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Park SK, Hyun SH, In G, Park CK, Kwak YS, Jang YJ, Kim B, Kim JH, Han CK. The antioxidant activities of Korean Red Ginseng ( Panax ginseng) and ginsenosides: A systemic review through in vivo and clinical trials. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:41-47. [PMID: 33437155 PMCID: PMC7790892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of studies have steadily pointed out the relation of oxidative stress to the primary and secondary causes of human disease and aging. As such, there have been multiple misconceptions about oxidative stress. Most of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from chronic diseases cause oxidative damage to cell membrane lipids and proteins. ROS production is increased by abnormal stimulation inside and outside in the body, and even though ROS are generated in cells in response to abnormal metabolic processes such as disease, it does not mean that they directly contribute to the pathogenesis of a disease. Therefore, the focus of treatment should not be on ROS production itself but on the prevention and treatment of diseases linked to ROS production, including types 1 and 2 diabetes, cancer, heart disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) has been traditionally utilized to help prevent and treat diseases such as diabetes, cancer, inflammation, nervous system diseases, cardiovascular disease, and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, this review was intended to summarize in vivo animal and human clinical studies on the antioxidant activities of KRG and its components, ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Park
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30, Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Hyun
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30, Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyo In
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30, Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Kyu Park
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30, Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seong Kwak
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30, Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyun Han
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea Ginseng Corporation, 30, Gajeong-ro, Shinseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yu H, Jing Y, Zhang X, Qayum A, Gantumur MA, Bilawal A, Jiang Z, Li A. Comparison of intracellular glutathione and related antioxidant enzymes: Impact of two glycosylated whey hydrolysates. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Kim YJ, Lee DY, Park HE, Yoon D, Lee B, Kim JG, Im KH, Lee YS, Lee WK, Kim JK. Serum Metabolic Profiling Reveals Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Intake of Black Ginseng Extracts in Beagle Dogs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163759. [PMID: 32824755 PMCID: PMC7465512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Black ginseng (BG) has better health benefits than white ginseng. The intake of BG changes the levels of metabolites, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and other metabolites. However, there is no research on the effect of BG extract intake on the metabolic profile of dog serum. In this study, serum metabolic profiling was conducted to investigate metabolic differences following the intake of BG extracts in beagle dogs. The beagle dogs were separated into three groups and fed either a regular diet (RD, control), RD with a medium concentration of BG extract (BG-M), or RD with a high concentration of BG extract (BG-H). Differences were observed among the three groups after the dogs ingested the experimental diet for eight weeks. The concentrations of alanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine changed with the intake of BG extracts. Furthermore, levels of glycine and β-alanine increased in the BG-H group compared to the control and BG-M groups, indicating that BG extracts are associated with anti-inflammatory processes. Our study is the first to demonstrate the potential anti-inflammatory effect of BG extract in beagle dogs. Glycine and β-alanine are proposed as candidate serum biomarkers in dogs that can discriminate between the effects of ingesting BG-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jin Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsugu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.G.K.); (K.-H.I.)
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Ho-Eun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.-E.P.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Dahye Yoon
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Bumkyu Lee
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
| | - Jae Geun Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsugu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.G.K.); (K.-H.I.)
| | - Kyung-Hoan Im
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsugu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.G.K.); (K.-H.I.)
| | - Young-Seob Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, RDA, Eumseong 27709, Korea; (D.Y.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.-S.L.)
| | - Wan-Kyu Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (H.-E.P.); (W.-K.L.)
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsugu, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.J.K.); (J.G.K.); (K.-H.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-835-8241
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21
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Lee HJ, Kim BM, Lee SH, Sohn JT, Choi JW, Cho CW, Hong HD, Rhee YK, Kim HJ. Ginseng-Induced Changes to Blood Vessel Dilation and the Metabolome of Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082238. [PMID: 32727012 PMCID: PMC7468881 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng consumption has been shown to prevent and reduce many health risks, including cardiovascular disease. However, the ginseng-induced changes in biofluids and tissue metabolomes associated with blood health remain poorly understood. In this study, healthy rats were orally administered ginseng extracts or water for one month. Biofluid and tissue metabolites along with steroid hormones, plasma cytokines, and blood pressure factors were determined to elucidate the relationship between ginseng intake and blood vessel health. Moreover, the effect of ginseng extract on blood vessel tension was measured from the thoracic aorta. Ginseng intake decreased the levels of blood phospholipids, lysophosphatidylcholines and related enzymes, high blood pressure factors, and cytokines, and induced vasodilation. Moreover, ginseng intake decreased the level of renal oxidized glutathione. Overall, our findings suggest that ginseng intake can improve blood vessel health via modulation of vasodilation, oxidation stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the decrease in renal oxidized glutathione indicated that ginseng intake is positively related with the reduction in oxidative stress-induced renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-M.K.)
| | - Bo-Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-M.K.)
| | - Soo Hee Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52727, Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.-T.S.)
| | - Ju-Tae Sohn
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 79 Gangnam-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52727, Korea; (S.H.L.); (J.-T.S.)
- Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Young Kyoung Rhee
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea; (J.W.C.); (C.-W.C.); (H.-D.H.)
- Correspondence: (Y.K.R.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.); +82-55-772-1908 (H.-J.K.); Fax: +82-63-219-9876 (Y.K.R.); +82-55-772-1909 (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK21 plus), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (B.-M.K.)
- Department of Food Science & Technology, and Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.K.R.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-63-219-9319 (Y.K.R.); +82-55-772-1908 (H.-J.K.); Fax: +82-63-219-9876 (Y.K.R.); +82-55-772-1909 (H.-J.K.)
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Oizumi H, Miyazaki S, Tabuchi M, Endo T, Omiya Y, Mizoguchi K. Kamikihito Enhances Cognitive Functions and Reward-Related Behaviors of Aged C57BL/6J Mice in an Automated Behavioral Assay System. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1037. [PMID: 32765263 PMCID: PMC7379479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cognitive and psychological domains of frailty in the elderly have drawn increasing attention given the aging of society. However, therapeutics to treat minor deficits in cognition and mental state in the elderly remain an unmet need. Kamikihito (KKT), a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine indicated for neuroses, anxiety, and insomnia, is effective for treating cognitive dysfunction and depressive-like behaviors in animal models, suggesting that it may have therapeutic potential for treating cognitive and/or mental frailty. In this study, we first validated the known anxiolytic effects of KKT in a conventional maze test. We then introduced an automated behavioral assay system, IntelliCage, to evaluate the therapeutic potential of KKT for age-related and diverse central functions by performing sequential behavioral tasks in young and aged mice to assess basal activities, cognitive functions, perseveration, and hedonic-related behaviors. Although young mice treated with KKT did not exhibit changes in diurnal variation, KKT-administered aged mice exhibited an accelerated decline in voluntary activity during the early part of the light period, implying that KKT may promote sleep onset in aged mice. Neither place learning acquisition for gaining rewards nor subsequent behavioral flexibility performance was altered by KKT in the young group, whereas the aged KKT group exhibited significantly enhanced performance in both phases of learning relative to age-matched controls. Conversely, perseverative nose-pokes (NPs) to gain rewards observed during place learning, indicative of compulsivity, were attenuated by KKT in both age groups. Regarding hedonic processing, aged mice exhibited a decreased preference for sweet solutions compared to young mice, which was effectively reversed by KKT treatment. Furthermore, KKT elevated high-effort choices for high-value reward in an effort-based decision-making paradigm in both age groups, implying augmentation of motivational behaviors by KKT. Collectively, KKT exerted various beneficial effects in cognitive and emotional domains, several of which were more evident in aged mice than in young mice, suggesting the potential of KKT for treating cognitive and mental frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyazaki
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tabuchi
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Yuji Omiya
- Tsumura Kampo Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
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Zhang H, Abid S, Ahn JC, Mathiyalagan R, Kim YJ, Yang DC, Wang Y. Characteristics of Panax ginseng Cultivars in Korea and China. Molecules 2020; 25:E2635. [PMID: 32517049 PMCID: PMC7321059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is one of the most important medicinal herbs in Asia. Its pharmacological activity comes from ginsenosides, and its roots are produced commercially for traditional and Oriental medicine. Though 17 Panax species are available around the world, there was a need to develop cultivars adapted to different climatic conditions and resistant to various diseases while still producing high-quality, high-yield roots. Thus, 12 and 9 commercial P. ginseng cultivars have been registered in South Korea and China, respectively. Those varieties show superiority to local landraces. For example, Chunpoong is more highly resistant to rusty rot disease than the local Jakyungjong landrace and has a good root shape; it is highly cultivated to produce red ginseng. The Chinese cultivar Jilin Huangguo Renshen has higher ginsenoside content than its local landraces. This review provides information about P. ginseng cultivars and offers directions for future research, such as intra- and interspecific hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Suleman Abid
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (S.A.); (J.C.A.); (R.M.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Jong Chan Ahn
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (S.A.); (J.C.A.); (R.M.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (S.A.); (J.C.A.); (R.M.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (S.A.); (J.C.A.); (R.M.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Deok-Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin si, Gyeonggi do 17104, Korea; (S.A.); (J.C.A.); (R.M.); (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Yingping Wang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ginseng Breeding and Application, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
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24
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Abarikwu SO, Onuah CL, Singh SK. Plants in the management of male infertility. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13509. [PMID: 31989693 DOI: 10.1111/and.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review attempts to collate existing data and provide the perspectives for future studies on the effects of plants on the male gonads. For many of these medicinal plants such as Lepidium meyenii, Rupus coreanus, Tribulus terrestres, Panax ginseng, Petasites japonicas, Apium graveolens, Eurycoma longifólia, Pedalium murex, Corchorus depressus, Mucuna pruriens, Astragalus membranaceus, Nigella sativa, Crataegus monogyna, Fagara tessmannii, Phaleria macrocarpa, Anacyclus pyrethrum, Cynomorium songaricum and Morinda officinalis, the mechanism of actions of their active principles and crude extracts has been shown in both laboratory animals, in vitro, and human studies, and includes their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, spermatogenesis-inducing, aphrodisiac, smooth muscle relaxing and androgenic properties. Several active chemical leads including glucosinolates, anthocyanins, protodioscin, ginsenosides, sesquiterpenes, phyto-oestrogens, quassinoids, diosgenin, thymoquinone, proanthocyanidins and bajijiasu isolated from these plants are known to have target effects on the testis, but efforts have been limited in their application at the clinical level. There still appear to be many more extracts of medicinal plants that have not been characterised to determine the phytochemicals unique to them that have target effects on the gonads. Further, collaborative efforts at isolating pro-drug candidates from medicinal plants for studies at the molecular, cellular and clinical level towards elucidating their mechanisms of action on the testes are therefore warranted in the light of the current male fertility crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny O Abarikwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Chigozie Linda Onuah
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Shio Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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25
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Ku JY, Park MJ, Park HJ, Park NC, Joo BS. Combination of Korean Red Ginseng Extract and Hydrogen-Rich Water Improves Spermatogenesis and Sperm Motility in Male Mice. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:361-369. [PMID: 31919748 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hydrogen-rich Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) water (HRGW) mixture on the spermatogenesis and sperm motility of mice of different ages. METHODS Eighty young (3 month-old) and aged (12 month-old) male mice were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n =10 per group) including control group, hydrogen-rich water (HRW) group (10 mL/kg daily), KRG group (50 mg/kg daily) and HRGW group (10 mL/kg and 50 mg/kg daily) by an oral zoned needle for 4 weeks. Sperm count and motility were measured using sperm suspension released from cauda epididymis. Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in serum have also been estimated. Tubular changes were examined through histological hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of antioxidation (PPx3, PPx4, GSTm5 and GPx4), spermatogenesis (inhibin-a, neptin-2 and CREM), antiaging (SIRT1 and SIRT2), and angiogenesis [visfatin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] related genes were examined through real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS HRW and KRG treatment stimulated spermatogenesis followed by increasing sperm production and sperm motility (P <0.05). These effects were strengthened synergistically by a HRGW mixture (P <0.05 or P <0.01). HRGW greatly increased the expressions of antioxidation, antiaging, spermatogenesis related genes and VEGF especially in aged mice (P <0.05). Serum testosterone and FSH levels also increased, while serum ROS level decreased (all P <0.05). CONCLUSION HRGW increases sperm production and motility by enhancing antioxidation and stimulating spermatogenesis and sex hormone production, particularly in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja Yoon Ku
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Park
- The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Cheol Park
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.,The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Sun Joo
- The Korea Institute for Public Sperm Bank, Busan, 49241, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Ganjkhani M, Nourozi S, Bigonah R, Rostami A, Shokri S. Ameliorating impacts of ginseng on the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and sperm quality in temporal lobe epilepsy rat model treated with valproate. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13348. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Ganjkhani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Saeed Nourozi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Reza Bigonah
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Ali Rostami
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
| | - Saeed Shokri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine Zanjan University of Medical Sciences Zanjan Iran
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27
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Moon JN, Kim JK, Lee S, Kwon JH. Antihypertensive effects of Korean wild simulated ginseng (Sanyangsam) extracts in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:1563-1569. [PMID: 31695956 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng possesses a wide spectrum of medicinal effects and has widely been used in traditional medicine for thousands of years. In this study, the antihypertensive effect of Korean wild simulated ginseng in spontaneously hypertensive rats was investigated. Three groups of hypertensive rats-a group without wild simulated ginseng treatment; another group treated with 100 mg of wild simulated ginseng extract/kg of body weight; and the other group treated with 200 mg of wild simulated ginseng extract/kg of body weight were tested over 8 weeks. The two wild simulated ginseng-treated groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) reduced systolic blood pressure at 4 and 6 weeks of wild simulated ginseng treatment. However, the wild simulated ginseng treatment did not adversely affect the food intake, serum electrolytes, osmolality, heart weight, heart rate, and the cross-section of the aorta as well as enzyme activities. The results suggested that Korean wild simulated ginseng is effectively used for reducing high systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients without causing adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Nam Moon
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Jong-Kuk Kim
- 2Department of Food and Food-Service Industry, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 37224 Korea
| | - Seul Lee
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
| | - Joong-Ho Kwon
- 1School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Korea
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28
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Iqbal H, Kim SK, Cha KM, Jeong MS, Ghosh P, Rhee DK. Korean Red Ginseng alleviates neuroinflammation and promotes cell survival in the intermittent heat stress-induced rat brain by suppressing oxidative stress via estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor upregulation. J Ginseng Res 2019; 44:593-602. [PMID: 32617039 PMCID: PMC7322747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress orchestrates neurodegenerative disorders and results in the formation of reactive oxygen species that leads to cell death. Although the immunomodulatory effects of ginseng are well studied, the mechanism by which ginseng alleviates heat stress in the brain remains elusive. Methods Rats were exposed to intermittent heat stress for 6 months, and brain samples were examined to elucidate survival and antiinflammatory effect after Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) treatment. Results Intermittent long-term heat stress (ILTHS) upregulated the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, increasing infiltration of inflammatory cells (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and the level of proinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6], leading to cell death (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay) and elevated markers of oxidative stress damage (myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde), resulting in the downregulation of antiapoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) and expression of estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, key factors in regulating neuronal cell survival. In contrast, KRG mitigated ILTHS-induced release of proinflammatory mediators, upregulated the mRNA level of the antiinflammatory cytokine IL-10, and increased myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels. In addition, KRG significantly decreased the expression of the proapoptotic marker (Bax), did not affect caspase-3 expression, but increased the expression of antiapoptotic markers (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL). Furthermore, KRG significantly activated the expression of both estrogen receptor beta and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Conclusion ILTHS induced oxidative stress responses and inflammatory molecules, which can lead to impaired neurogenesis and ultimately neuronal death, whereas, KRG, being the antioxidant, inhibited neuronal damage and increased cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Iqbal
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Cha
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Prachetash Ghosh
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Rhee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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29
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Jang HJ, Jung J, Yu HS, Lee NK, Paik HD. Evaluation of the Quality of Yogurt Using Ginseng Extract Powder and Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum NK181. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2018; 38:1160-1167. [PMID: 30675108 PMCID: PMC6335138 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2018.e47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition, pH, titratable activity,
microbial properties, and antioxidant effect of yogurt using ginseng extract powder (GEP),
Lactobacillus plantarum NK181, and Streptococcus
thermophilus as the starter culture. Different concentration of GEP (0%, 0.5%, 1%,
1.5%, and 2% (w/v)) were used in the yogurt. During yogurt fermentation, pH was decreased;
however, titratable acidity and viable cell counts were increased. The addition of GEP to
yogurt led to a decrease in moisture content and an increase in the fat, ash, and total solids
content. The antioxidant effect using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical
scavenging, β-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay
gradually increased with added GEP. Overall, yogurt fermented with 1% GEP was acceptable in
terms of cell viability and antioxidant effect. These results might provide information
regarding development of ginseng dairy products with enhanced antioxidant activities and
probiotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyung-Seok Yu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Na-Kyoung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hyun-Dong Paik
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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30
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Arivizhivendhan KV, Mahesh M, Boopathy R, Swarnalatha S, Regina Mary R, Sekaran G. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of bioactive prodigiosin produces from Serratia marcescens using agricultural waste as a substrate. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 55:2661-2670. [PMID: 30042582 PMCID: PMC6033790 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to explore the antioxidant and antimicrobial property of bioactive prodigiosin produced from Serratia marcescens using rice bran. The antioxidant potential of prodigiosin was examined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2'-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging method via UV-visible, electron spin resonance spectrum (ESR), cyclic voltammetry and excitation emission spectrum. The antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin was examined against foodborne pathogens. The shelf life extending capacity of prodigiosin was evaluated with meat extract powder (MEP) as a model food material. The DPPH and ABTS radicals were completely scavenged by prodigiosin at the concentration of 10 mg/L. The food spoilage was inhibited by the addition of prodigiosin with MEP and it was compared with conventional preservative. The prodigiosin has prohibited the growth of foodborne pathogens effectively and the shelf life of the food was also extended significantly. The antimicrobial edible preservative developed in this study inhibited the growth of the microbial populations that produced through storage of the MEP and free radical scavenging activity. The results reveal that the bioactive prodigiosin effectively scavenged the free radical and inhibited the bacterial growth in food stuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Arivizhivendhan
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Central Leather Research Institute -CSIR, Chennai, India
| | - M. Mahesh
- Environmental Technology Division, Environmental Science and Engineering, Central Leather Research Institute -CSIR, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 020 India
| | - R. Boopathy
- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa India
| | - S. Swarnalatha
- Environmental Technology Division, Environmental Science and Engineering, Central Leather Research Institute -CSIR, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 020 India
| | - R. Regina Mary
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Auxilium College, Gandhi Nagar, Katpadi, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 623 006 India
| | - G. Sekaran
- Environmental Technology Division, Environmental Science and Engineering, Central Leather Research Institute -CSIR, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 020 India
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31
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Lee JO, Kim E, Kim JH, Hong YH, Kim HG, Jeong D, Kim J, Kim SH, Park C, Seo DB, Son YJ, Han SY, Cho JY. Antimelanogenesis and skin-protective activities of Panax ginseng calyx ethanol extract. J Ginseng Res 2018; 42:389-399. [PMID: 29983620 PMCID: PMC6026384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng have been reported in several articles; however, little is known about the antimelanogenesis effect, skin-protective effect, and cellular mechanism of Panax ginseng, especially of P. ginseng calyx. To understand how an ethanol extract of P. ginseng berry calyx (Pg-C-EE) exerts skin-protective effects, we studied its activities in activated melanocytes and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced keratinocytes. METHODS To confirm the antimelanogenesis effect of Pg-C-EE, we analyzed melanin synthesis and secretion and messenger RNA and protein expression levels of related genes. Ultraviolet B (UVB) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were used to induce cell damage by ROS generation. To examine whether this damage is inhibited by Pg-C-EE, we performed cell viability assays and gene expression and transcriptional activation analyses. RESULTS Pg-C-EE inhibited melanin synthesis and secretion by blocking activator protein 1 regulatory enzymes such as p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein. Pg-C-EE also suppressed ROS generation induced by H2O2 and UVB. Treatment with Pg-C-EE decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and hyaluronidases and increased the cell survival rate. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Pg-C-EE may have antimelanogenesis properties and skin-protective properties through regulation of activator protein 1 and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein signaling. Pg-C-EE may be used as a skin-improving agent, with moisture retention and whitening effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ook Lee
- Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Bio-Inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Gyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juewon Kim
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoong Park
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Bang Seo
- Vital Beautie Research Division, Amorepacific R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kim MK, Cha KM, Hwang SY, Park UK, Seo SK, Lee SH, Jeong MS, Cho S, Kopalli SR, Kim SK. Pectinase-treated Panax ginseng protects heat stress-induced testicular damage in rats. Reproduction 2018; 153:737-747. [PMID: 28428445 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Testicular hyperthermia is well studied to cause impaired spermatogenesis. In the present study, the protective effect of enzymatically modified (pectinase-treated) Panax ginseng (GINST) against intermittent sub-chronic heat stress-induced testicular damage in rats was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control (NC), heat-stressed control (HC), heat-stressed plus GINST-100 mg/kg/day (HG100) and heat-stressed plus GINST-200 mg/kg/day (HG200) treatment groups. GINST (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) was mixed separately with a regular pellet diet and was administered orally for 8 weeks starting from 1 week before heat exposure. Parameters such as organ weight, blood chemistry, sperm kinetic values, expression of antioxidant enzymes, spermatogenesis molecules and sex hormone receptors levels were measured. Data revealed that kidney and epididymis weight were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased with heat stress and recovered by GINST treatment. Further, the altered levels of blood chemistry panels and sperm kinetic values in heat stress-induced rats were attenuated when GINST was administered (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of antioxidant-related enzymes (GSTM5 and GPX4), spermatogenesis-related proteins (CREB1 and INHA) and sex hormone receptors (androgen receptor, luteinizing hormone receptor and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) were reduced by heat stress; however, GINST treatment effectively ameliorated these changes. In conclusion, GINST was effective in reducing heat-induced damage in various male fertility factors in vivo and has considerable potential to be developed as a useful supplement in improving male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySeverance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Women's Life Medical ScienceYonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Min Cha
- Department of Biomedical ChemistryCollege of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory ScienceCollege of Health and Medical Science, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kyo Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySeverance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Women's Life Medical ScienceYonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical ChemistryCollege of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sik Jeong
- Department of Biomedical ChemistryCollege of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - SiHyun Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyGangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Women's Life Medical ScienceYonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Biomedical ChemistryCollege of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Kwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical ChemistryCollege of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
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Yang Y, Ren C, Zhang Y, Wu X. Ginseng: An Nonnegligible Natural Remedy for Healthy Aging. Aging Dis 2017; 8:708-720. [PMID: 29344412 PMCID: PMC5758347 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an irreversible physiological process that affects all humans. Numerous theories have been proposed to regarding the process from a Western medicine perspective; however, ancient Chinese medicine practices and theories have increasingly gained attention, particularly ginseng, a grass that has been studied for the anti-aging properties of its active constituents. This review seeks to analyze current data on ginseng and its anti-aging properties. The plant species, characteristics, and active ingredients will be introduced. The main part of this review is focused on ginseng and its active components with regards to their effects on prolonging lifespan, the regulation of multiple organ systems including cardiovascular, nervous, immune, and skin, as well as the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The molecular mechanisms of these properties elucidated via various studies are summarized as further evidence of the anti-aging effects of ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Herbal Formula Science, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Changhong Ren
- Institute of Hypoxia Medicine, Xuanwu hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Herbal Formula Science, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - XiaoDan Wu
- Department of Herbal Formula Science, Chinese Medicine College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Protective Effects of Red Ginseng Oil against Aβ 25-35-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis and Inflammation in PC12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102218. [PMID: 29065557 PMCID: PMC5666897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of pathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD), aggregation and deposition of β amyloid (Aβ), has been accepted as a potent activator of neuronal cell death. Red ginseng is well-known for various pharmacological activities, but most studies have been focused on red ginseng water extract (RGW), which has resulted in the conception of the present study of red ginseng oil (RGO) against Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by Aβ were verified and the underlying mechanism by which RGO inhibited neuronal cell death, mitochondria dysfunction and NF-κB pathway related protein markers were evaluated. RGO attenuated Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis, not only by inhibiting calcium influx, but also by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential loss. RGO significantly decreased Bax, whereas increased Bcl-2 and inactivated of caspase-3 and -9 and PARP-1 stimulated by Aβ25-35. Anti-neuroinflammatory effect of RGO was demonstrated by downregulating c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38, resulting in inhibiting of the NF-κB pathway and thereby suppressing the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The present study revealed that RGO is a potential natural resource of the functional foods industry as well as a promising candidate of multi-target neuronal protective agent for the prevention of AD.
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Hong SH, Kim M, Woo M, Song YO. Effects of ingredients of Korean brown rice cookies on attenuation of cholesterol level and oxidative stress in high-fat diet-fed mice. Nutr Res Pract 2017; 11:365-372. [PMID: 28989572 PMCID: PMC5621358 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2017.11.5.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Owing to health concerns related to the consumption of traditional snacks high in sugars and fats, much effort has been made to develop functional snacks with low calorie content. In this study, a new recipe for Korean rice cookie, dasik, was developed and its antioxidative, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects and related mechanisms were elucidated. The effects were compared with those of traditional rice cake dasik (RCD), the lipid-lowering effect of which is greater than that of traditional western-style cookies. MATERIALS/METHODS Ginseng-added brown rice dasik (GBRD) was prepared with brown rice flour, fructooligosaccharide, red ginseng extract, and propolis. Mice were grouped (n = 7 per group) into those fed a normal AIN-76 diet, a high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with RCD or GBRD. Dasik in the HFD accounted for 7% of the total calories. The lipid, reactive oxygen species, and peroxynitrite levels, and degree of lipid peroxidation in the plasma or liver were determined. The expression levels of proteins involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, and those of antioxidant enzymes were determined by western blot analysis. RESULTS The plasma and hepatic total cholesterol concentrations in the GBRD group were significantly decreased via downregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (P < 0.05). The hepatic peroxynitrite level was significantly lower, whereas glutathione was higher, in the GBRD group than in the RCD group. Among the antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly upregulated in the GBRD group (P < 0.05). In addition, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) expression in the GBRD group was significantly lower than that in the RCD group. CONCLUSIONS GBRD decreases the plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels by downregulating cholesterol synthesis. This new dasik recipe also improves the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory status in HFD-fed mice via CAT and GPx upregulation and NF-κB downregulation. These effects were significantly higher than those of RCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hee Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
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Gao Y, Chu S, Zhang Z, Chen N. Hepataprotective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 - A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:178-183. [PMID: 28427912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng has been used as efficient tonic and for the treatment of various diseases including hepatic disorders. Ginseng saponins, also known as ginsenosides, are principal constituents and have been treated to be responsible for disparate ginseng health benefits. The current review mainly focuses on ginsenoside Rg1, a compound isolated from traditional Chinese herbal medicine Panax ginseng Meyer. AIMS To summary the hepataprotective effects and related mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1, we conclude this review by combining the literature and our own researches. METHODS As evidenced, we organized the pharmacological function of ginsenoside Rg1 by searching the pubmed. It has been deeply studied and summarized in the field of neurobiology, however, in this paper we described the pharmacological function of Rg1 in liver related to antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation. R&D: Individual ginsenoside could be used since it shows a wide array of beneficial functions in the regulation and disorders of acute and chronic hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis in various pathways and different mechanisms. Of note, the antioxidant hepatic protection of ginsenoside Rg1 is mainly through the induction of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The multi-target actions of Rg1 substantiates it as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of hepatic impairment in different factors induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China.
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Wang L, Pang M, Wang X, Wang P, Xiao Y, Liu Q. Characteristics, composition, and antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino seed oil. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:2084-2093. [PMID: 27569782 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to further develop and utilise Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino seeds, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of G. pentaphyllum seed oil (GPSO), including its physico-chemical parameters, fatty acid composition and unsaponifiable matter constituents, has been investigated in this study. The antioxidant potential of GPSO was evaluated by radical-scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay in vitro, and the antioxidant activity in vivo was examined by using an aged mice model. RESULTS The main components of the seeds are lipids (485.54 g kg-1 ) and proteins (203.26 g kg-1 ). The GPSO obtained by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (92.85%), especially conjugated linolenic acid (88.17%); and various useful compounds (squalene, tocopherol and phytosterols) were identified in the unsaponifiable matter. The overall antioxidant capacity of GPSO in vitro was shown to be comparable to that of Camellia seed oil as a positive control. GPSO could provide protection to the aged mice against oxidative stress and minimised the impact of ageing. CONCLUSION All the results suggest that GPSO has direct and potent antioxidant activities; it could be utilised as a functional food to supplement or replace some conventional oils. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Min Pang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Pan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Quanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
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Xu XF, Xu SY, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu MN, Liu H, Gao Y, Xue X, Xiong H, Lin RC, Li XR. Chemical Comparison of Two Drying Methods of Mountain Cultivated Ginseng by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050717. [PMID: 28468295 PMCID: PMC6154546 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine practice, drying method is an essential factor to influence the components of Chinese medicinal herbs. In this study, an ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based approach was used to compare the content of chemical compounds of mountain cultivated ginseng that had been natural air dried (LX-P) and vacuum freeze-dried (LX-L). Multivariate statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least squared discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to select the influential components of different samples. There were 41 ginsenosides unambiguously identified and tentatively assigned in both LX-L and LX-P. The results showed that the characteristic components in LX-P were ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rg6, dendrolasin, and ginsenoside Rb2. The characteristic components in LX-L were malonyl-ginsenoside Re, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1, malonyl-ginsenoside Rc, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb1 isomer, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb2, malonyl-ginsenoside Rb3, malonyl-ginsenoside Rd isomer, gypenoside XVII, and notoginsenoside Fe. This is the first time that the differences between LX-L and LX-P have been observed systematically at the chemistry level. It was indicated that vacuum freeze-drying method can improve the content of malonyl-ginsensides in mountain cultivated ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fang Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Shu-Ya Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Meng-Nan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xue Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hui Xiong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiang-Ri Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 Wangjing zhonghuannan Road, Beijing 100102, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 North Third Ring Road, Beijing 100029, China.
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Kim J, Park J, Lim K. Nutrition Supplements to Stimulate Lipolysis: A Review in Relation to Endurance Exercise Capacity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:141-61. [PMID: 27465721 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Athletes make great efforts to increase their endurance capacity in many ways. Using nutrition supplements for stimulating lipolysis is one such strategy to improve endurance performance. These supplements contain certain ingredients that affect fat metabolism; furthermore, in combination with endurance training, they tend to have additive effects. A large body of scientific evidence shows that nutrition supplements increase fat metabolism; however, the usefulness of lipolytic supplements as ergogenic functional foods remains controversial. The present review will describe the effectiveness of lipolytic supplements in fat metabolism and as an ergogenic aid for increasing endurance exercise capacity. There are a number of lipolytic supplements available on the market, but this review focuses on natural ingredients such as caffeine, green tea extract, L-carnitine, Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid), capsaicin, ginseng, taurine, silk peptides and octacosanol, all of which have shown scientific evidence of enhancing fat metabolism associated with improving endurance performance. We excluded some other supplements owing to lack of data on fat metabolism or endurance capacity. Based on the data in this review, we suggest that a caffeine and green tea extract improves endurance performance and enhances fat oxidation. Regarding other supplements, the data on their practical implications needs to be gathered, especially for athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University
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Narayanankutty A, Kottekkat A, Mathew SE, Illam SP, Suseela IM, Raghavamenon AC. Vitamin E supplementation modulates the biological effects of omega-3 fatty acids in naturally aged rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:207-214. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1273431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (recognized by University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Anagha Kottekkat
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (recognized by University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Shaji E. Mathew
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (recognized by University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Soorya P. Illam
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (recognized by University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Indu M. Suseela
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (recognized by University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Achuthan C. Raghavamenon
- Department of Biochemistry, Amala Cancer Research Centre (recognized by University of Calicut), Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Patel S, Rauf A. Adaptogenic herb ginseng (Panax) as medical food: Status quo and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:120-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Choi SH, Yang KJ, Lee DS. Effects of Complementary Combination Therapy of Korean Red Ginseng and Antiviral Agents in Chronic Hepatitis B. J Altern Complement Med 2016; 22:964-969. [PMID: 27603149 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2015.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic hepatitis B management is commonly targeted at reducing viral replication. However, the currently available antiviral therapies are associated with some problems, including resistance and numerous adverse effects. Ginseng has been reported to be effective for treating viral infections such as influenza and human immunodeficiency virus. However, there are currently few studies on the effects of ginseng in chronic hepatitis B. Thus, this study investigated the effects of ginseng together with antiviral agents in chronic hepatitis B. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, and single-center study. Thirty-eight patients were enrolled. The control group (n = 19) was administered antiviral agents alone. The experimental group (n = 19) was administered antiviral agents along with Korean Red Ginseng powder capsules (each dose is 1 gram (two capsules), a one-day dose is 3 grams). The baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Differences in several non-invasive fibrosis serologic markers (type IV collagen, hyaluronic acid, transforming growth factor-β) and in the hepatitis B virus DNA levels were compared between the groups. RESULTS The non-invasive fibrosis serologic markers were further decreased in the experimental group, with significant differences after treatment observed for hyaluronic acid (p = 0.032) and transforming growth factor-β (p = 0.008), but not for type IV collagen (p = 0.174). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the possibility of Korean Red Ginseng as a complementary therapy for chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwa Choi
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Jin Yang
- 2 Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Lee
- 1 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea , Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kho MC, Lee YJ, Park JH, Kim HY, Yoon JJ, Ahn YM, Tan R, Park MC, Cha JD, Choi KM, Kang DG, Lee HS. Fermented Red Ginseng Potentiates Improvement of Metabolic Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome Rat Models. Nutrients 2016; 8:E369. [PMID: 27322312 PMCID: PMC4924210 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome including obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension is a cluster of risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Fermentation of medicinal herbs improves their pharmacological efficacy. Red ginseng (RG), a widely used traditional herbal medicine, was reported with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity. Aim in the present study was to investigate that the effects of fermented red ginseng (FRG) on a high-fructose (HF) diet induced metabolic disorders, and those effects were compared to RG and losartan. Animals were divided into four groups: a control group fed a regular diet and tap water, and fructose groups that were fed a 60% high-fructose (HF) diet with/without RG 250 mg/kg/day or FRG 250 mg/kg/day for eight weeks, respectively. Treatment with FRG significantly suppressed the increments of body weight, liver weight, epididymal fat weight and adipocyte size. Moreover, FRG significantly prevented the development of metabolic disturbances such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Staining with Oil-red-o demonstrated a marked increase of hepatic accumulation of triglycerides, and this increase was prevented by FRG. FRG ameliorated endothelial dysfunction by downregulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and adhesion molecules in the aorta. In addition, FRG induced markedly upregulation of Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) in the muscle. These results indicate that FRG ameliorates obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and fatty liver in HF diet rats. More favorable pharmacological effects on HF diet induced metabolic disorders were observed with FRG, compared to an equal dose of RG. These results showed that the pharmacological activity of RG was enhanced by fermentation. Taken together, fermentated red ginseng might be a beneficial therapeutic approach for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chul Kho
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Hye Yoom Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - You Mee Ahn
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Jeong Dan Cha
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea.
| | - Kyung Min Choi
- Department of Research Development, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan, Jeonbuk 55442, Korea.
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-Fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
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Lee YM, Yoon H, Park HM, Song BC, Yeum KJ. Implications of red Panax ginseng in oxidative stress associated chronic diseases. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:113-119. [PMID: 28413314 PMCID: PMC5386131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The steaming process of Panax ginseng has been reported to increase its major known bioactive components, ginsenosides, and, therefore, its biological properties as compared to regular Panax ginseng. Biological functions of red Panax ginseng attenuating pro-oxidant environments associated with chronic diseases are of particular interest, since oxidative stress can be a key contributor to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. Additionally, proper utilization of various biomarkers for evaluating antioxidant activities in natural products, such as ginseng, can also be important to providing validity to their activities. Thus, studies on the effects of red ginseng against various diseases as determined in cell lines, animal models, and humans were reviewed, along with applied biomarkers for verifying such effects. Limitations and future considerations of studying red ginseng were been discussed. Although further clinical studies are warranted, red ginseng appears to be beneficial for attenuating disease-associated symptoms via its antioxidant activities, as well as for preventing oxidative stress-associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Mi Lee
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Haelim Yoon
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Min Park
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Byeng Chun Song
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Yeum
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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Kho MC, Lee YJ, Park JH, Cha JD, Choi KM, Kang DG, Lee HS. Combination with Red ginseng and Polygoni Multiflori ameliorates highfructose diet induced metabolic syndrome. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:98. [PMID: 26961224 PMCID: PMC4784406 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1063-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, impaired glucose tolerance and fatty liver, can be caused by modification of diet by means of overconsumption of high fructose diet. This study was designed to investigate whether combination with Red ginseng and Polygoni Multiflori Radix (RGPM), widely used traditional herbal medicine, ameliorates on highfructose (HF) diet-induced metabolic syndrome. METHODS SD rats were fed the 60% HF diet with/without rosiglitazone, and RGPM 100, 300 mg/kg/day, respectively. All groups received regular diet or HF diet, respectively, for 8 weeks. The last three groups treatment of rosiglitazone and RPGM orally for a period of 6 weeks. RESULTS Chronic treatment with RGPM significantly decreased body weight, fat weight and adipocyte size. RGPM significantly prevented the development of the metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and impaired glucose tolerance. RGPM also led to increase in high density lipoprotein level in the HF group. RGPM suppressed high-fructose diet induced vascular inflammation marker expression such as adhesion molecules and ET-1 in aorta as well as increasing of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in plasma. Similarly, RGPM attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibition of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression. CONCLUSION An administration of RGPM may be a beneficial therapy for the treatment of metabolic syndrome through the improvement of hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, vascular inflammation and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chul Kho
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea
| | - Jeong Dan Cha
- Department of Research Development, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Choi
- Department of Research Development, Institute of Jinan Red Ginseng, Jinan, Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea.
- Brain Korea (BK)21 plus team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 540-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea.
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 570-749, Korea.
- Brain Korea (BK)21 plus team, Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 540-749, Republic of Korea.
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Jung K, An JM, Eom DW, Kang KS, Kim SN. Preventive effect of fermented black ginseng against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:188-194. [PMID: 28413323 PMCID: PMC5386130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fermented black ginseng (FBG) is processed ginseng by the repeated heat treatment and fermentation of raw ginseng. The protective effect and mechanism of FBG on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity was investigated to evaluate its therapeutic potential. Methods The free radical scavenging activity of FBG was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). In addition, the protective effect against cisplatin-induced renal damage was tested in rats. FBG was orally administered every day at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight for 10 d, and a single dose of cisplatin was administered intraperitoneally (7.5 mg/kg body weight) with 0.9% saline on the 4th d. Results The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of FBG (IC50 = 384 μg/mL) was stronger than that of raw ginseng. The improved DPPH radical-scavenging activity was mediated by the generation phenolic compounds. The decreased cell viability by cisplatin was recovered significantly after treatment with FBG in a dose-dependent manner. Then, the protective effect of FBG on cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage was investigated in rats. The decreased creatinine clearance levels, which are a reliable marker for renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats, were reduced to the normal level after the administration of FBG. Moreover, FBG showed protective effects against cisplatin-induced oxidative renal damage in rats through the inhibition of NF-κB/p65, COX-2, and caspase-3 activation. Conclusion These results collectively show that the therapeutic evidence for FBG ameliorates the nephrotoxicity via regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Jun Min An
- GINSENG BY PHARM Co., Ltd., Wonju, Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Eom
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Su-Nam Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Gangneung, Korea
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Screening SIRT1 Activators from Medicinal Plants as Bioactive Compounds against Oxidative Damage in Mitochondrial Function. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4206392. [PMID: 26981165 PMCID: PMC4766345 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4206392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) belongs to the family of NAD+ dependent histone deacetylases and plays a critical role in cellular metabolism and response to oxidative stress. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), as an important part of natural products, have been reported to exert protective effect against oxidative stress in mitochondria. In this study, we screened SIRT1 activators from TCMs and investigated their activities against mitochondrial damage. 19 activators were found in total by in vitro SIRT1 activity assay. Among those active compounds, four compounds, ginsenoside Rb2, ginsenoside F1, ginsenoside Rc, and schisandrin A, were further studied to validate the SIRT1-activation effects by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and confirm their activities against oxidative damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). The results showed that those compounds enhanced the deacetylated activity of SIRT1, increased ATP content, and inhibited intracellular ROS formation as well as regulating the activity of Mn-SOD. These SIRT1 activators also showed moderate protective effects on mitochondrial function in t-BHP cells by recovering oxygen consumption and increasing mitochondrial DNA content. Our results suggested that those compounds from TCMs attenuated oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage in cardiomyocytes through activation of SIRT1.
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Yu X, Li S, Yang D, Qiu L, Wu Y, Wang D, Shah NP, Xu F, Wei H. A novel strain of Lactobacillus mucosae isolated from a Gaotian villager improves in vitro and in vivo antioxidant as well as biological properties in d-galactose-induced aging mice. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:903-914. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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49
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Korean red ginseng protects against doxorubicin-induced testicular damage: An experimental study in rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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50
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Hassan AM, Abdel-Aziem SH, El-Nekeety AA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Panax ginseng extract modulates oxidative stress, DNA fragmentation and up-regulate gene expression in rats sub chronically treated with aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B 1. Cytotechnology 2015; 67:861-71. [PMID: 24748134 PMCID: PMC4545437 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-014-9726-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins and fumonisins are important food-borne mycotoxins implicated in human health and have cytotoxic effects. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the protective role of Panax ginseng extract (PGE) against the synergistic effect of subchronic administration of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) on DNA and gene expression in rat. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into eight groups (ten rats/group) and treated for 12 weeks including the control group, the group having received AFB1 (80 µg/kg bw), the group having received FB1 (100 µg/kg bw), the group having received AFB1 plus FB1 and the groups having received PGE (20 mg/kg bw) alone or with AFB1 and/or FB1. At the end of experiment, liver and kidney were collected for the determination of DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH) contents and alterations in gene expression. The results indicated that these mycotoxins increased DNA fragmentation, LP and decreased GSH content in liver and kidney and down-regulated gene expression of antioxidants enzymes. The combined treatments with AFB1 and/or FB1 plus PGE suppressed DNA fragmentation only in the liver, normalized LP and increased GSH in the liver and kidney as well as up-regulated the expression of GPx, SOD1 and CAT mRNA. It could be concluded that AFB1 and FB1 have synergistic genotoxic effects. PGE induced protective effects against their oxidative stress and genotoxicity through its antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza M. Hassan
- />Cell Biology Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
- />Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, KSA
| | | | - Aziza A. El-Nekeety
- />Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab
- />Food Toxicology and Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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