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Fennel ZJ, Bourrant P, Kurian AS, Petrocelli JJ, de Hart NMMP, Yee EM, Boudina S, Keirstead HS, Nistor G, Greilach SA, Berchtold NC, Lane TE, Drummond MJ. Stem cell secretome treatment improves whole-body metabolism, reduces adiposity, and promotes skeletal muscle function in aged mice. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14144. [PMID: 38500398 PMCID: PMC11296109 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging coincides with the progressive loss of muscle mass and strength, increased adiposity, and diminished physical function. Accordingly, interventions aimed at improving muscle, metabolic, and/or physical health are of interest to mitigate the adverse effects of aging. In this study, we tested a stem cell secretome product, which contains extracellular vesicles and growth, cytoskeletal remodeling, and immunomodulatory factors. We examined the effects of 4 weeks of 2×/week unilateral intramuscular secretome injections (quadriceps) in ambulatory aged male C57BL/6 mice (22-24 months) compared to saline-injected aged-matched controls. Secretome delivery substantially increased whole-body lean mass and decreased fat mass, corresponding to higher myofiber cross-sectional area and smaller adipocyte size, respectively. Secretome-treated mice also had greater whole-body physical function (grip strength and rotarod performance) and had higher energy expenditure and physical activity levels compared to control mice. Furthermore, secretome-treated mice had greater skeletal muscle Pax7+ cell abundance, capillary density, collagen IV turnover, reduced intramuscular lipids, and greater Akt and hormone sensitive lipase phosphorylation in adipose tissue. Finally, secretome treatment in vitro directly enhanced muscle cell growth and IL-6 production, and in adipocytes, it reduced lipid content and improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, indirect treatment with secretome-treated myotube culture media also enhanced muscle cell growth and adipocyte size reduction. Together, these data suggest that intramuscular treatment with a stem cell secretome improves whole-body metabolism, physical function, and remodels skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Fennel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Paul‐Emile Bourrant
- Division of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Anu Susan Kurian
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Jonathan J. Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Elena M. Yee
- Division of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Division of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas E. Lane
- Immunis, Inc.IrvineCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | - Micah J. Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Division of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Molecular Medicine ProgramUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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Qin Y, Chen H, Liu X, Wu J, Zhang Y. Effects of whole-body electromyostimulation training on upper limb muscles strength and body composition in moderately trained males: A randomized controlled study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:982062. [PMID: 36159315 PMCID: PMC9501974 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.982062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance training has been known to have a positive effect on muscle performance in exercisers. Whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) is advertised as a smooth, time-efficient, and highly individualized resistance training technology. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of WB-EMS training on maximum isometric elbow muscle strength and body composition in moderately trained males in comparison to traditional resistance training. The study was a randomized controlled single-blind trial. Twenty, moderately trained, male participants (25.15 ± 3.84, years) were randomly assigned to the following groups: a WB-EMS training group (n = 11) and a traditional resistance training group (the control group [CG]: n = 9). Both training intervention programs consisted of 18 training sessions for six consecutive weeks. All subjects performed dynamic movements with the WB-EMS or external weights (CG). The primary outcome variables included maximum isometric elbow flexor strength (MIEFS), maximum isometric elbow extensor strength (MIEES) and surface electromyography amplitude (sEMGRMS). Secondary outcomes involved lean body mass, body fat content, arm fat mass, and arm lean mass. ANOVAs, Friedman test and post hoc t-tests were used (P = 0.05) to analyze the variables development after the 6-week intervention between the groups. Significant time × group interactions for MIEFS (η2 = 0.296, P Bonferroni = 0.013) were observed, the increase in the WB-EMS group were significantly superior to the CG [23.49 ± 6.48% vs. 17.01 ± 4.36%; MD (95% CI) = 6.48 (1.16, 11.80); d = 1.173, P = 0.020]. There were no significant differences were observed between interventions regarding MIEES, sEMGRMS and body composition. These findings indicate that in moderately trained males the effects of WB-EMS were similar to a traditional resistance training, with the only exception of a significantly greater increase in elbow flexor strength. WB-EMS can be considered as an effective exercise addition for moderately trained males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, China,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yin Qin
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, China,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, China,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, China,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinxin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fuzhou, China,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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de Campos Zani SC, Son M, Bhullar KS, Chan CB, Wu J. IRW (Isoleucine-Arginine-Tryptophan) Improves Glucose Tolerance in High Fat Diet Fed C57BL/6 Mice via Activation of Insulin Signaling and AMPK Pathways in Skeletal Muscle. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061235. [PMID: 35740257 PMCID: PMC9220315 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IRW (Isoleucine−Arginine−Tryptophan), has antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties in cells and animal models and prevents angiotensin-II- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced insulin resistance (IR) in vitro. We investigated the effects of IRW on body composition, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced insulin resistant (IR) model. C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD for 6 weeks, after which IRW was incorporated into the diet (45 or 15 mg/kg body weight (BW)) until week 14. IRW45 (at a dose of 45 mg/kg BW) reduced BW (p = 0.0327), fat mass gain (p = 0.0085), and preserved lean mass of HFD mice (p = 0.0065), concomitant with enhanced glucose tolerance and reduced fasting glucose (p < 0.001). In skeletal muscle, IRW45 increased insulin-stimulated protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation (p = 0.0132) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation (p < 0.001). Angiotensin 2 receptor (AT2R) (p = 0.0024), phosphorylated 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) (p < 0.0124) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (p < 0.001) were enhanced in skeletal muscle of IRW45-treated mice, as was the expression of genes involved in myogenesis. Plasma angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) activity was increased (p = 0.0016). Uncoupling protein-1 in white adipose tissue (WAT) was partially restored after IRW supplementation. IRW improves glucose tolerance and body composition in HFD-fed mice and promotes glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via multiple signaling pathways, independent of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myoungjin Son
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Catherine B. Chan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada; (S.C.d.C.Z.); (C.B.C.)
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada; (M.S.); (K.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6885; Fax: +1-780-492-4346
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Bijlholt M, Ameye L, van Uytsel H, Devlieger R, Bogaerts A. Evolution of Postpartum Weight and Body Composition after Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: The Role of Lifestyle Behaviors-Data from the INTER-ACT Control Group. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126344. [PMID: 34208162 PMCID: PMC8296169 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Women with excessive gestational weight gain are at increased risk of postpartum weight retention and potentially also unfavorable body composition. Insight into the lifestyle behaviors that play a role in the evolution of postpartum weight and body composition among these women could aid identification of those at highest risk of long-term adverse outcomes. This secondary analysis of the INTER-ACT randomized controlled trial investigates control group data only (n = 524). The evolution of weight retention, percentage loss of gestational weight gain, fat percentage, waist circumference, and associated lifestyle behaviors between 6 weeks and 12 months postpartum were assessed using mixed model analyses. At six weeks postpartum, every sedentary hour was associated with 0.1% higher fat percentage (P = 0.01), and a higher emotional eating score was associated with 0.2% higher fat percentage (P < 0.001) and 0.3 cm higher waist circumference (P < 0.001). Increase in emotional eating score between 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum was associated with a 0.4 kg (P = 0.003) increase in postpartum weight retention from six months onwards. Among women with overweight, an increase in the uncontrolled eating score between 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum was associated with a 0.3 kg higher postpartum weight retention (P = 0.04), and 0.3% higher fat percentage (P = 0.006) from six months onwards. In conclusion, sedentary and eating behaviors play important roles in postpartum weight and body composition of women with excessive gestational weight gain and should therefore be incorporated as focal points in lifestyle interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margriet Bijlholt
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Unit Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.A.); (H.v.U.); (R.D.)
| | - Lieveke Ameye
- Unit Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.A.); (H.v.U.); (R.D.)
| | - Hanne van Uytsel
- Unit Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.A.); (H.v.U.); (R.D.)
| | - Roland Devlieger
- Unit Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.A.); (H.v.U.); (R.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annick Bogaerts
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Care (CRIC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Unit Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (L.A.); (H.v.U.); (R.D.)
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK
- Correspondence:
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Paquin J, Lagacé JC, Brochu M, Dionne IJ. Exercising for Insulin Sensitivity - Is There a Mechanistic Relationship With Quantitative Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass? Front Physiol 2021; 12:656909. [PMID: 34054574 PMCID: PMC8149906 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.656909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) tissue has been repetitively shown to play a major role in whole-body glucose homeostasis and overall metabolic health. Hence, SM hypertrophy through resistance training (RT) has been suggested to be favorable to glucose homeostasis in different populations, from young healthy to type 2 diabetic (T2D) individuals. While RT has been shown to contribute to improved metabolic health, including insulin sensitivity surrogates, in multiple studies, a universal understanding of a mechanistic explanation is currently lacking. Furthermore, exercised-improved glucose homeostasis and quantitative changes of SM mass have been hypothesized to be concurrent but not necessarily causally associated. With a straightforward focus on exercise interventions, this narrative review aims to highlight the current level of evidence of the impact of SM hypertrophy on glucose homeostasis, as well various mechanisms that are likely to explain those effects. These mechanistic insights could provide a strengthened rationale for future research assessing alternative RT strategies to the current classical modalities, such as low-load, high repetition RT or high-volume circuit-style RT, in metabolically impaired populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Paquin
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated With CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagacé
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated With CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Brochu
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated With CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle J Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated With CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Song YM, Lee K. Comparison of the associations between appendicular lean mass adjustment methods and cardiometabolic factors. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2271-2278. [PMID: 32980247 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To compare the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between appendicular lean mass (ALM) and cardiometabolic risk factors according to body-size adjustment methods and the contributions of genetic and/or environmental factors to the correlations between those traits. METHODS AND RESULTS Regression coefficients per sex-specific 1 standard deviation in bodyweight (wt), body mass index (BMI), or height-squared (ht2) adjusted ALM (assessed using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA) and a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) at baseline)/changes in these indices (assessed using BIA) were compared in terms of their associations with blood pressure (BP), lipid profiles, and insulin resistance profiles in 2655 participants for cross-sectional analysis and 332 participants for longitudinal analysis (follow-up time, 32.2 ± 7.9 months). A bivariate genetic analysis of the genetic/environmental cross-trait correlations was conducted to determine their cross-sectional relationships. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health behaviors, and BMI in the analysis for ALM/ht2, ALM/wt and ALM/BMI had favorable associations with all cardiometabolic risk factors, while ALM/ht2 had favorable associations with some risk factors. In longitudinal associations, changes in ALM/wt and ALM/BMI had inverse associations with increments of lipid profiles, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA), while change in ALM/ht2 did not have associations with increments of cardiometabolic risk factors. ALM/ht2 had genetic correlations with seven of nine risk factors; ALM/wt and ALM/BMI had correlations with three and one risk factors, respectively. CONCLUSION ALM/wt and ALM/BMI are better indicators for cardiometabolic risk factors; genetic factors may contribute more to the correlations between ALM/ht2 and those traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kayoung Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Lugones-Sanchez C, Sanchez-Calavera MA, Repiso-Gento I, Adalia EG, Ramirez-Manent JI, Agudo-Conde C, Rodriguez-Sanchez E, Gomez-Marcos MA, Recio-Rodriguez JI, Garcia-Ortiz L. Effectiveness of an mHealth Intervention Combining a Smartphone App and Smart Band on Body Composition in an Overweight and Obese Population: Randomized Controlled Trial (EVIDENT 3 Study). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e21771. [PMID: 33242020 PMCID: PMC7728540 DOI: 10.2196/21771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile health (mHealth) is currently among the supporting elements that may contribute to an improvement in health markers by helping people adopt healthier lifestyles. mHealth interventions have been widely reported to achieve greater weight loss than other approaches, but their effect on body composition remains unclear. Objective This study aimed to assess the short-term (3 months) effectiveness of a mobile app and a smart band for losing weight and changing body composition in sedentary Spanish adults who are overweight or obese. Methods A randomized controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted involving the participation of 440 subjects from primary care centers, with 231 subjects in the intervention group (IG; counselling with smartphone app and smart band) and 209 in the control group (CG; counselling only). Both groups were counselled about healthy diet and physical activity. For the 3-month intervention period, the IG was trained to use a smartphone app that involved self-monitoring and tailored feedback, as well as a smart band that recorded daily physical activity (Mi Band 2, Xiaomi). Body composition was measured using the InBody 230 bioimpedance device (InBody Co., Ltd), and physical activity was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results The mHealth intervention produced a greater loss of body weight (–1.97 kg, 95% CI –2.39 to –1.54) relative to standard counselling at 3 months (–1.13 kg, 95% CI –1.56 to –0.69). Comparing groups, the IG achieved a weight loss of 0.84 kg more than the CG at 3 months. The IG showed a decrease in body fat mass (BFM; –1.84 kg, 95% CI –2.48 to –1.20), percentage of body fat (PBF; –1.22%, 95% CI –1.82% to 0.62%), and BMI (–0.77 kg/m2, 95% CI –0.96 to 0.57). No significant changes were observed in any of these parameters in men; among women, there was a significant decrease in BMI in the IG compared with the CG. When subjects were grouped according to baseline BMI, the overweight group experienced a change in BFM of –1.18 kg (95% CI –2.30 to –0.06) and BMI of –0.47 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.80 to –0.13), whereas the obese group only experienced a change in BMI of –0.53 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.86 to –0.19). When the data were analyzed according to physical activity, the moderate-vigorous physical activity group showed significant changes in BFM of –1.03 kg (95% CI –1.74 to –0.33), PBF of –0.76% (95% CI –1.32% to –0.20%), and BMI of –0.5 kg/m2 (95% CI –0.83 to –0.19). Conclusions The results from this multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial study show that compared with standard counselling alone, adding a self-reported app and a smart band obtained beneficial results in terms of weight loss and a reduction in BFM and PBF in female subjects with a BMI less than 30 kg/m2 and a moderate-vigorous physical activity level. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to ensure that this profile benefits more than others from this intervention and to investigate modifications of this intervention to achieve a global effect. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03175614; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03175614. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.1097/MD.0000000000009633
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lugones-Sanchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Antonia Sanchez-Calavera
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IISA), Department of Internal Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Repiso-Gento
- Valladolid Rural Health Center I. Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Esther G Adalia
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Agudo-Conde
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Angel Gomez-Marcos
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jose I Recio-Rodriguez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Garcia-Ortiz
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Primary Care Research Unit of Salamanca (APISAL), Health Service of Castilla y León (SACyL), Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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- Spanish Research Network for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion in Primary Care (REDIAPP), Barcelona, Spain
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Barakat C, Pearson J, Escalante G, Campbell B, De Souza EO. Body Recomposition: Can Trained Individuals Build Muscle and Lose Fat at the Same Time? Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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