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Hellwig M, Diel P, Eisenbrand G, Grune T, Guth S, Henle T, Humpf HU, Joost HG, Marko D, Raupbach J, Roth A, Vieths S, Mally A. Dietary glycation compounds - implications for human health. Crit Rev Toxicol 2024; 54:485-617. [PMID: 39150724 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2024.2362985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The term "glycation compounds" comprises a wide range of structurally diverse compounds that are formed endogenously and in food via the Maillard reaction, a chemical reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids. Glycation compounds produced endogenously are considered to contribute to a range of diseases. This has led to the hypothesis that glycation compounds present in food may also cause adverse effects and thus pose a nutritional risk to human health. In this work, the Senate Commission on Food Safety (SKLM) of the German Research Foundation (DFG) summarized data on formation, occurrence, exposure and toxicity of glycation compounds (Part A) and systematically assessed potential associations between dietary intake of defined glycation compounds and disease, including allergy, diabetes, cardiovascular and renal disease, gut/gastrotoxicity, brain/cognitive impairment and cancer (Part B). A systematic search in Pubmed (Medline), Scopus and Web of Science using a combination of keywords defining individual glycation compounds and relevant disease patterns linked to the subject area of food, nutrition and diet retrieved 253 original publications relevant to the research question. Of these, only 192 were found to comply with previously defined quality criteria and were thus considered suitable to assess potential health risks of dietary glycation compounds. For each adverse health effect considered in this assessment, however, only limited numbers of human, animal and in vitro studies were identified. While studies in humans were often limited due to small cohort size, short study duration, and confounders, experimental studies in animals that allow for controlled exposure to individual glycation compounds provided some evidence for impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, cardiovascular effects and renal injury in response to oral exposure to dicarbonyl compounds, albeit at dose levels by far exceeding estimated human exposures. The overall database was generally inconsistent or inconclusive. Based on this systematic review, the SKLM concludes that there is at present no convincing evidence for a causal association between dietary intake of glycation compounds and adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hellwig
- Chair of Special Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Patrick Diel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Sabine Guth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Chair of Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Georg Joost
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Raupbach
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Angelika Roth
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Angela Mally
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Huang YN, Chen SY, Lin JA, Chiang IC, Yen GC. Phyllanthus emblica L. extract alleviates leptin resistance and lipid accumulation by inhibiting methylglyoxal production. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Wagner S, Manickam R, Brotto M, Tipparaju SM. NAD + centric mechanisms and molecular determinants of skeletal muscle disease and aging. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1829-1848. [PMID: 35334034 PMCID: PMC10065019 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential redox cofactor, involved in various physiological and molecular processes, including energy metabolism, epigenetics, aging, and metabolic diseases. NAD+ repletion ameliorates muscular dystrophy and improves the mitochondrial and muscle stem cell function and thereby increase lifespan in mice. Accordingly, NAD+ is considered as an anti-oxidant and anti-aging molecule. NAD+ plays a central role in energy metabolism and the energy produced is used for movements, thermoregulation, and defense against foreign bodies. The dietary precursors of NAD+ synthesis is targeted to improve NAD+ biosynthesis; however, studies have revealed conflicting results regarding skeletal muscle-specific effects. Recent advances in the activation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase in the NAD+ salvage pathway and supplementation of NAD+ precursors have led to beneficial effects in skeletal muscle pathophysiology and function during aging and associated metabolic diseases. NAD+ is also involved in the epigenetic regulation and post-translational modifications of proteins that are involved in various cellular processes to maintain tissue homeostasis. This review provides detailed insights into the roles of NAD+ along with molecular mechanisms during aging and disease conditions, such as the impacts of age-related NAD+ deficiencies on NAD+-dependent enzymes, including poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARPs), CD38, and sirtuins within skeletal muscle, and the most recent studies on the potential of nutritional supplementation and distinct modes of exercise to replenish the NAD+ pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Ravikumar Manickam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, University of Texas-Arlington (UTA), Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas M Tipparaju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USF Health Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 030, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Sruthi CR, Raghu KG. Methylglyoxal induces ambience for cancer promotion in HepG2 cells via Warburg effect and promotes glycation. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1532-1543. [PMID: 35043457 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a toxic, highly reactive metabolite derived mainly from glucose and amino acids degradation. MGO is also one of the prime precursors for advanced glycation end products formation. The present research was performed to check whether MGO has any role in the promotion of cancer in HepG2 cells. For this, cells were incubated with MGO (50 µM) for 24 h and subjected to various analyses. Aminoguanidine (200 µM) was positive control. The various biochemical and protein expression studies, relevant to the MGO detoxification system, oxidative stress, and glycolysis were performed. MGO caused the reduction of expression of GLO 1 (27%) and GLO 2 (11%) causing weakening of the innate detoxification system. This is followed by an increase of RAGE (95%), AGEs or methylglyoxal adducts. We also observed hypoxia via estimation of oxygen consumption rate and surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS) (24%). To investigate the off-target effect of MGO we checked its effect on glucose transport, and its associated proteins. Glucose uptake was found to increase (15%) significantly with overexpression of GLUT 1 (35%). We also found a significant increase of glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase II, phosphofructokinase 1, and lactate dehydrogenase along with lactate production. Observation of surplus ROS and enhanced glycolysis led us to check the expression of HIF 1α which is their downstream signaling pathway. Interestingly HIF 1α was found to increase significantly (35%). It is known that enhanced glycolysis and oxidative stress are catalysts for the overexpression of HIF 1α which in turn creates an ambience for the promotion of cancer. Aminoguanidine was able to prevent the adverse effect of MGO partially. This is the first study to show the potential of MGO for the promotion of cancer in the non-tumorigenic HepG2 cells via the Warburg effect and glycation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Sruthi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - K G Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-Processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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