1
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Huang W, Bates R, Appana B, Mohammed T, Cao L. Development of an adipose-tropic AAV capsid ablating liver tropism. iScience 2024; 27:110930. [PMID: 39398244 PMCID: PMC11467673 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
AAV vectors are mainstream delivery platforms in gene therapy, yet AAV-mediated gene transfer to adipose tissue is underdeveloped due to low efficiency of natural AAVs. We previously demonstrated that an engineered capsid Rec2 displayed improved adipo-tropism but with the caveat of liver transduction. To generate highly adipo-tropic capsid, we modified Rec2 capsid by site-specific mutagenesis and found the variant V7 with F503Y, Y708D and K709I substitution to harbor highly selective adipo-tropism while diminishing liver transduction. Intraperitoneal injection favored transduction to visceral fat while intravenous administration favored subcutaneous fat. Intraperitoneal administration of V7 vector harboring human leptin and adiponectin as single transcript normalized the metabolic dysfunction of ob/ob mice at a low dose. Moreover, introducing the same mutagenesis to AAV8 capsid diminished liver transduction suggesting F503, Y708 and K709 critical for liver transduction. The Rec2.V7 vector may provide a powerful tool for basic research and potent vehicle for adipose-targeting gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bhavya Appana
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tawfiq Mohammed
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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2
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Prieur X, Cao L. Precision medicine: toward restoring fat with gene therapy in inherited lipodystrophy. Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41434-024-00489-3. [PMID: 39317737 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Prieur
- l'Institut du Thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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3
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Boychenko S, Abdullina A, Laktyushkin VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. Assessment of Adipocyte Transduction Using Different AAV Capsid Variants. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1227. [PMID: 39338389 PMCID: PMC11435061 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used as viral vectors for gene delivery in mammalian cells. We focused on the efficacy of the transduction of AAV2/5, 2/6, 2/8 and 2/9 expressing GFP in preadipocyte cells by live imaging microscopy using IncuCyte S3 and flow cytometry. METHODS Three transduction modes in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells assessed: AAV transduction in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, transduction with further differentiation into mature adipocyte-like cells and the transduction of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. For the in vivo study, we injected AAV2/6, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 in adipose tissue of C57BL6 mice, and the transduction capacity of AAV2/6, along with AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 was evaluated. RESULTS AAV2/6 demonstrated the highest transduction efficiency in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, as it was 1.5-2-fold more effective than AAV2/5, and AAV2/8 in the range of viral concentrations from 2 × 104 to 1.6 × 105 VG/cell. AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 showed transduction efficiencies similar to each other. The expression of GFP under the CMV promoter remained stable for up to 20 days. The induction of 3T3-L1 differentiation in three days after AAV transduction did not alter the GFP expression level, and AAV2/6 showed the best transduction efficiency. AAV2/6 demonstrated the ability to transduce mature adipocytes. These results were confirmed by in vivo studies on C57BL6 mice. AAV2/6 had the highest transducing activity on both inguinal and interscapular adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Thus, AAV2/6 has demonstrated higher transduction efficacy compared to AAV2/5, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 both in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue in vivo, which proves its usability along with AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 for gene delivery to adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Science Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Alina Abdullina
- Gene Therapy Department, Science Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Viktor S. Laktyushkin
- Resource Center for Cell Technologies, Laboratory Complex, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia;
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Science Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (A.A.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Science Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (A.A.); (A.B.)
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4
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Tiwari M, Roumane A, Sommer N, Han W, Delibegović M, Rochford JJ, Mcilroy GD. Preclinical evaluation of tissue-selective gene therapies for congenital generalised lipodystrophy. Gene Ther 2024; 31:445-454. [PMID: 39069561 PMCID: PMC11399081 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy is a rare disorder which can be life-threatening. Here individuals fail to develop or maintain appropriate adipose tissue stores. This typically causes severe metabolic complications, including hepatic steatosis and lipoatrophic diabetes. There is no cure for lipodystrophy, and treatment options remain very limited. Here we evaluate whether tissue-selective adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors can provide a targeted form of gene therapy for lipodystrophy, using a preclinical lipodystrophic mouse model of Bscl2 deficiency. We designed AAV vectors containing the mini/aP2 or thyroxine-binding globulin promoter to selectively target adipose or liver respectively. The AAV-aP2 vectors also contained the liver-specific microRNA-122 target sequence, restricting hepatic transgene expression. Systemic delivery of AAV-aP2 vectors overexpressing human BSCL2 restored adipose tissue development and metabolic health in lipodystrophic mice without detectable expression in the liver. High doses (1 × 1012 GCs) of liver-selective vectors led to off target expression and adipose tissue development, whilst low doses (1 × 1010 GCs) expressed selectively and robustly in the liver but did not improve metabolic health. This reveals that adipose tissue-selective, but not liver directed, AAV-mediated gene therapy is sufficient to substantially recover metabolic health in generalised lipodystrophy. This provides an exciting potential new avenue for an effective, targeted, and thereby safer therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Tiwari
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ahlima Roumane
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Nadine Sommer
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138667, Singapore
- Center for Neuro-Metabolism and Regeneration Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510700, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Justin J Rochford
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - George D Mcilroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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5
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Matsuzaka Y, Yashiro R. Therapeutic Application and Structural Features of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:8464-8498. [PMID: 39194716 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is characterized by non-pathogenicity, long-term infection, and broad tropism and is actively developed as a vector virus for gene therapy products. AAV is classified into more than 100 serotypes based on differences in the amino acid sequence of the capsid protein. Endocytosis involves the uptake of viral particles by AAV and accessory receptors during AAV infection. After entry into the cell, they are transported to the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex. AAVs mainly use proteoglycans as receptors to enter cells, but the types of sugar chains in proteoglycans that have binding ability are different. Therefore, it is necessary to properly evaluate the primary structure of receptor proteins, such as amino acid sequences and post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, and the higher-order structure of proteins, such as the folding of the entire capsid structure and the three-dimensional (3D) structure of functional domains, to ensure the efficacy and safety of biopharmaceuticals. To further enhance safety, it is necessary to further improve the efficiency of gene transfer into target cells, reduce the amount of vector administered, and prevent infection of non-target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira 187-8551, Japan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Ceccarini G, Akinci B, Araujo-Vilar D, Beghini M, Brown RJ, Carrion Tudela J, Corradin V, Donadille B, Jerez Ruiz J, Jeru I, Lattanzi G, Maffei M, McIlroy GD, Nobécourt E, Perez de Tudela N, Rochford JJ, Sanders R, von Schnurbein J, Tews D, Vantyghem MC, Vatier C, Vigouroux C, Santini F. Proceedings of the annual meeting of the European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip), Pisa, Italy, 28-29 September 2023. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2024; 85:308-316. [PMID: 38452868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases primarily affecting the development or maintenance of the adipose tissue but are also distressing indirectly multiple organs and tissues, often leading to reduced life expectancy and quality of life. Lipodystrophy syndromes are multifaceted disorders caused by genetic mutations or autoimmunity in the vast majority of cases. While many subtypes are now recognized and classified, the disease remains remarkably underdiagnosed. The European Consortium of Lipodystrophies (ECLip) was founded in 2014 as a non-profit network of European centers of excellence working in the field of lipodystrophies aiming at promoting international collaborations to increase basic scientific understanding and clinical management of these syndromes. The network has developed a European Patient Registry as a collaborative research platform for consortium members. ECLip and ECLip registry activities involve patient advocacy groups to increase public awareness and to seek advice on research activities relevant from the patients perspective. The annual ECLip congress provides updates on the research results of various network groups members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ceccarini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Baris Akinci
- DEPARK, Dokuz Eylul University & Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center (IBG), Izmir, Turkey
| | - David Araujo-Vilar
- UETeM-Molecular Pathology of Rare Diseases Group. Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Heath, Nursing and Medicine, IDIS-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marianna Beghini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan Carrion Tudela
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Donadille
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jose Jerez Ruiz
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | - Isabelle Jeru
- Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), La Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics « Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza » Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Margherita Maffei
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
| | - George D McIlroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK. Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Estelle Nobécourt
- Diabète athérothrombose Océan Indien, Inserm UMR 1188 DéTROI, CHU/Université de La Réunion, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion
| | - Naca Perez de Tudela
- Spanish Federation for Rare Diseases, Asociación de Familiares y Afectados por Lipodistrofias, Spain
| | - Justin J Rochford
- The Rowett Institute and Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | | | - Julia von Schnurbein
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Tews
- Center for Rare Endocrine Diseases, Division of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marie-Christine Vantyghem
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Nutrition CHU de Lille, Lille, France; Inserm U1190, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille University, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Camille Vatier
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Vigouroux
- Endocrinology Department, National Reference Centre for Rare Diseases of Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity (PRISIS), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Saint-Antoine University Hospital, Paris, France; Inserm UMR_S 938, Saint-Antoine Research Centre, Cardiometabolism and Nutrition University Hospital Institute (ICAN), Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Ferruccio Santini
- Obesity and Lipodystrophy Center, Endocrinology Unit, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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8
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Yuan R, Wang B, Wang Y, Liu P. Gene Therapy for Neurofibromatosis Type 2-Related Schwannomatosis: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Future Directions. Oncol Ther 2024; 12:257-276. [PMID: 38760612 PMCID: PMC11187037 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-024-00279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-related schwannomatosis is a rare autosomal dominant monogenic disorder caused by mutations in the NF2 gene. The hallmarks of NF2-related schwannomatosis are bilateral vestibular schwannomas (VS). The current treatment options for NF2-related schwannomatosis, such as observation with serial imaging, surgery, radiotherapy, and pharmacotherapies, have shown limited effectiveness and serious complications. Therefore, there is a critical demand for novel effective treatments. Gene therapy, which has made significant advancements in treating genetic diseases, holds promise for the treatment of this disease. This review covers the genetic pathogenesis of NF2-related schwannomatosis, the latest progress in gene therapy strategies, current challenges, and future directions of gene therapy for NF2-related schwannomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruofei Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pinan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South Fourth Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Department of Neural Reconstruction, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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9
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Tiwari M, Mcilroy GD. From scarcity to solutions: Therapeutic strategies to restore adipose tissue functionality in rare disorders of lipodystrophy. Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15214. [PMID: 37638531 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Lipodystrophy is a rare disorder characterised by abnormal or deficient adipose tissue formation and distribution. It poses significant challenges to affected individuals, including the development of severe metabolic complications like diabetes and fatty liver disease. These conditions are often chronic, debilitating and life-threatening, with limited treatment options and a lack of specialised expertise. This review aims to raise awareness of lipodystrophy disorders and highlights therapeutic strategies to restore adipose tissue functionality. METHODS Extensive research has been conducted, including both historical and recent advances. We have examined and summarised the literature to provide an overview of potential strategies to restore adipose tissue functionality and treat/reverse metabolic complications in lipodystrophy disorders. RESULTS A wealth of basic and clinical research has investigated various therapeutic approaches for lipodystrophy. These include ground-breaking methods such as adipose tissue transplantation, innovative leptin replacement therapy, targeted inhibition of lipolysis and cutting-edge gene and cell therapies. Each approach shows great potential in addressing the complex challenges posed by lipodystrophy. CONCLUSIONS Lipodystrophy disorders require urgent attention and innovative treatments. Through rigorous basic and clinical research, several promising therapeutic strategies have emerged that could restore adipose tissue functionality and reverse the severe metabolic complications associated with this condition. However, further research and collaboration between academics, clinicians, patient advocacy groups and pharmaceutical companies will be crucial in transforming these scientific breakthroughs into effective and viable treatment options for individuals and families affected by lipodystrophy. Fostering such interdisciplinary partnerships could pave the way for a brighter future for those battling this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Tiwari
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - George D Mcilroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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10
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Nguyen HP, Sheng R, Murray E, Ito Y, Bruck M, Biellak C, An K, Lynce F, Dillon DA, Magbanua MJM, Huppert LA, Hammerlindl H, Esserman L, Rosenbluth JM, Ahituv N. Implantation of engineered adipocytes that outcompete tumors for resources suppresses cancer progression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534564. [PMID: 37034710 PMCID: PMC10081280 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumors acquire an increased ability to obtain and metabolize nutrients. Here, we engineered and implanted adipocytes to outcompete tumors for nutrients and show that they can substantially reduce cancer progression. Growing cells or xenografts from several cancers (breast, colon, pancreas, prostate) alongside engineered human adipocytes or adipose organoids significantly suppresses cancer progression and reduces hypoxia and angiogenesis. Transplanting modulated adipocyte organoids in pancreatic or breast cancer mouse models nearby or distal from the tumor significantly suppresses its growth. To further showcase therapeutic potential, we demonstrate that co-culturing tumor organoids derived from human breast cancers with engineered patient-derived adipocytes significantly reduces cancer growth. Combined, our results introduce a novel cancer therapeutic approach, termed adipose modulation transplantation (AMT), that can be utilized for a broad range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai P. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rory Sheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Murray
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bruck
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cassidy Biellak
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kelly An
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Deborah A. Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Jesus M. Magbanua
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 04158, USA
| | - Laura A. Huppert
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heinz Hammerlindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Laura Esserman
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Rosenbluth
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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11
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Muzyka I, Revenko O, Kovalchuk I, Savytska M, Bekesevych A, Kasko R, Zayachkivska O. What is the role of brown adipose tissue in metabolic health: lessons learned and future perspectives in the long COVID? Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:585-595. [PMID: 36964859 PMCID: PMC10039328 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic physiology plays a key role in maintaining our health and resilience. Metabolic disorders can lead to serious illnesses, including obesity. The pathogenesis of the new long COVID syndrome in individuals with long-term recovery after SARS-Co-2 infection is still incomplete. Thus there is growing attention in the study of adipose tissue activities, especially brown adipose tissue (BAT) and associated resilience which plays a crucial role in different types of obesity as potential targets for pharmacologic and nutritional interventions in the context of obesity and long COVID. The number of studies examining mechanisms underlying BAT has grown rapidly in the last 10 years despite of role of BAT in individuals with COVID-19 and long COVID is modest. Therefore, this review aims to sum up data examining BAT activities, its resilience in health, obesity, and the possible link to long COVID. The search was conducted on studies published in English mostly between 2004 and 2022 in adult humans and animal models. Database searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for key terms including adipose tissue, BAT, adipokines, obesity, VPF/VEGF, and pathogenesis. From the initial search through the database were identified relevant articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria and our data regarding adipose tissues were presented in this review. It will discuss adiposity tissue activities. Current literature suggests that there are BAT integral effects to whitening and browning fat phenomena which reflect the homeostatic metabolic adaptive ability for environmental demand or survival/adaptive mechanisms. We also review neural and vascular impacts in BAT that play a role in resilience and obesity. Finally, we discuss the role of BAT in the context of long COVID in basic research and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Oksana Zayachkivska
- Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.
- School of Medicine, American University of Health Sciences, 1600 East Hill St., Signal Hill/Long Beach, CA, 90755, USA.
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12
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Tsuji T, Zhang Y, Tseng YH. Generation of Brown Fat-Specific Knockout Mice Using a Combined Cre-LoxP, CRISPR-Cas9, and Adeno-Associated Virus Single-Guide RNA System. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65083. [PMID: 37036212 PMCID: PMC10403816 DOI: 10.3791/65083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an adipose depot specialized in energy dissipation that can also serve as an endocrine organ via the secretion of bioactive molecules. The creation of BAT-specific knockout mice is one of the most popular approaches for understanding the contribution of a gene of interest to BAT-mediated energy regulation. The conventional gene targeting strategy utilizing the Cre-LoxP system has been the principal approach to generate tissue-specific knockout mice. However, this approach is time-consuming and tedious. Here, we describe a protocol for the rapid and efficient knockout of a gene of interest in BAT using a combined Cre-LoxP, CRISPR-Cas9, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) single-guide RNA (sgRNA) system. The interscapular BAT is located in the deep layer between the muscles. Thus, the BAT must be exposed in order to inject the AAV precisely and directly into the BAT within the visual field. Appropriate surgical handling is crucial to prevent damage to the sympathetic nerves and vessels, such as the Sultzer's vein that connects to the BAT. To minimize tissue damage, there is a critical need to understand the three-dimensional anatomical location of the BAT and the surgical skills required in the technical steps. This protocol highlights the key technical procedures, including the design of sgRNAs targeting the gene of interest, the preparation of AAV-sgRNA particles, and the surgery for the direct microinjection of AAV into both BAT lobes for generating BAT-specific knockout mice, which can be broadly applied to study the biological functions of genes in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yang Zhang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School;
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13
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Muzyka I, Revenko O, Kovalchuk I, Savytska M, Bekesevych A, Zayachkivska O. What is the role of brown adipose tissue in metabolic health: lessons learned and future perspectives in the long COVID? Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01195-z. [PMID: 36943540 PMCID: PMC10028755 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01195-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic physiology plays a key role in maintaining our health and resilience. Metabolic disorders can lead to serious illnesses, including obesity. The pathogenesis of the new long COVID syndrome in individuals with long-term recovery after SARS-Co-2 infection is still incomplete. Thus there is growing attention in the study of adipose tissue activities, especially brown adipose tissue (BAT) and associated resilience which plays a crucial role in different types of obesity as potential targets for pharmacologic and nutritional interventions in the context of obesity and long COVID. The number of studies examining mechanisms underlying BAT has grown rapidly in the last 10 years despite of role of BAT in individuals with COVID-19 and long COVID is modest. Therefore, this review aims to sum up data examining BAT activities, its resilience in health, obesity, and the possible link to long COVID. The search was conducted on studies published in English mostly between 2004 and 2022 in adult humans and animal models. Database searches were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for key terms including adipose tissue, BAT, adipokinins, obesity, VPF/VEGF, and pathogenesis. From the initial search through the database were identified relevant articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria and our data regarding adipose tissues were presented in this review. It will discuss adiposity tissue activities. Current literature suggests that there are BAT integral effects to whitening and browning fat phenomenons which reflect the homeostatic metabolic adaptive ability for environmental demand or survival/adaptive mechanisms. We also review neural and vascular impacts in BAT that play a role in resilience and obesity. Finally, we discuss the role of BAT in the context of long COVID in basic research and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oksana Zayachkivska
- Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine.
- School of Medicine, American University of Health Sciences, 1600 East Hill St., Signal Hill/Long Beach, CA, 90755, USA.
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14
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Huang W, Bates R, Cao L. AAV-Mediated Gene Delivery to Mouse Brown Adipose Tissue. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:167-181. [PMID: 37076680 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are attractive vehicles for gene therapy. Yet targeting adipose tissue is still a challenging task. We recently showed that a novel engineered hybrid serotype Rec2 displays high efficacy of gene transfer to both brown and white fat. Furthermore, the administration route influences the tropism and efficacy of Rec2 vector with oral administration transducing interscapular brown fat, while intraperitoneal injection preferentially targets visceral fat and liver. To restrict off-target transgene expression in the liver, we further develop a single rAAV vector harboring two expression cassettes: one using CBA promoter driving a transgene and another using a liver-specific albumin promoter driving a microRNA targeting the woodchuck posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE) sequence in this rAAV vector. In vivo studies by our lab and others have shown that the Rec2/dual-cassette vector system provides a powerful tool for gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies. Here we offer an updated protocol for AAV packaging and delivery to brown fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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15
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Sommer N, Roumane A, Han W, Delibegović M, Rochford JJ, Mcilroy GD. Gene therapy restores adipose tissue and metabolic health in a pre-clinical mouse model of lipodystrophy. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 27:206-216. [PMID: 36320417 PMCID: PMC9589143 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 is a serious multisystem disorder with limited treatment options. It is caused by mutations affecting the BSCL2 gene, which encodes the protein seipin. Patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2 lack both metabolic and mechanical adipose tissue and develop severe metabolic complications including hepatic steatosis, lipoatrophic diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Gene therapies are becoming viable treatments, helping to alleviate inherited and acquired human disorders. We aimed to determine whether gene therapy could offer an effective form of medical intervention for lipodystrophy. We examined whether systemic adeno-associated virus delivery of human BSCL2 could reverse metabolic disease in seipin knockout mice, where white adipose tissue is absent. We reveal that adeno-associated virus gene therapy targets adipose progenitor cells in vivo and substantially restores white adipose tissue development in adult seipin knockout mice. This resulted in both rapid and prolonged beneficial effects to metabolic health in this pre-clinical mouse model of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 2. Hyperglycemia was normalized within 2 weeks post-treatment together with normalization of severe insulin resistance. We propose that gene therapy offers great potential as a therapeutic strategy to correct multiple metabolic complications in patients with congenital lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Sommer
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ahlima Roumane
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Weiping Han
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 138667 Singapore, Singapore
- Center for Neuro-Metabolism and Regeneration Research, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510700, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Justin J. Rochford
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - George D. Mcilroy
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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16
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Pupo A, Fernández A, Low SH, François A, Suárez-Amarán L, Samulski RJ. AAV vectors: The Rubik's cube of human gene therapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3515-3541. [PMID: 36203359 PMCID: PMC9734031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective genes account for ∼80% of the total of more than 7,000 diseases known to date. Gene therapy brings the promise of a one-time treatment option that will fix the errors in patient genetic coding. Recombinant viruses are highly efficient vehicles for in vivo gene delivery. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors offer unique advantages, such as tissue tropism, specificity in transduction, eliciting of a relatively low immune responses, no incorporation into the host chromosome, and long-lasting delivered gene expression, making them the most popular viral gene delivery system in clinical trials, with three AAV-based gene therapy drugs already approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Medicines Agency (EMA). Despite the success of AAV vectors, their usage in particular scenarios is still limited due to remaining challenges, such as poor transduction efficiency in certain tissues, low organ specificity, pre-existing humoral immunity to AAV capsids, and vector dose-dependent toxicity in patients. In the present review, we address the different approaches to improve AAV vectors for gene therapy with a focus on AAV capsid selection and engineering, strategies to overcome anti-AAV immune response, and vector genome design, ending with a glimpse at vector production methods and the current state of recombinant AAV (rAAV) at the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Pupo
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Audry Fernández
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Siew Hui Low
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Achille François
- Viralgen. Parque Tecnológico de Guipuzkoa, Edificio Kuatro, Paseo Mikeletegui, 83, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lester Suárez-Amarán
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | - Richard Jude Samulski
- R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, Durham, NC 27709, USA,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Corresponding author: Richard Jude Samulski, R&D Department, Asklepios BioPharmaceutical, Inc. (AskBio), 20 T.W. Alexander, Suite 110 RTP, NC 27709, USA.
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17
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Frohlich J, Kovacovicova K, Raffaele M, Virglova T, Cizkova E, Kucera J, Bienertova-Vasku J, Wabitsch M, Peyrou M, Bonomini F, Rezzani R, Chaldakov GN, Tonchev AB, Di Rosa M, Blavet N, Hejret V, Vinciguerra M. GDF11 inhibits adipogenesis and improves mature adipocytes metabolic function via WNT/β-catenin and ALK5/SMAD2/3 pathways. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13310. [PMID: 35920128 PMCID: PMC9528760 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective GDF11 is a member of the TGF‐β superfamily that was recently implicated as potential “rejuvenating” factor, which can ameliorate metabolic disorders. The main objective of the presented study was to closely characterize the role of GDF11 signaling in the glucose homeostasis and in the differentiation of white adipose tissue. Methods We performed microscopy imaging, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses of adipose tissues of 9 weeks old ob/ob mice and murine and human pre‐adipocyte cell lines. Results Our in vivo experiments employing GDF11 treatment in ob/ob mice showed improved glucose/insulin homeostasis, decreased weight gain and white adipocyte size. Furthermore, GDF11 treatment inhibited adipogenesis in pre‐adipocytes by ALK5‐SMAD2/3 activation in cooperation with the WNT/β‐catenin pathway, whose inhibition resulted in adipogenic differentiation. Lastly, we observed significantly elevated levels of the adipokine hormone adiponectin and increased glucose uptake by mature adipocytes upon GDF11 exposure. Conclusion We show evidence that link GDF11 to adipogenic differentiation, glucose, and insulin homeostasis, which are pointing towards potential beneficial effects of GDF11‐based “anti‐obesity” therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frohlich
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Kovacovicova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Psychogenics Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Marco Raffaele
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Virglova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Cizkova
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kucera
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Julie Bienertova-Vasku
- Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathological Physiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marion Peyrou
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular and Institut de Biomedicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red "Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición", Madrid, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Interdepartmental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Interdepartmental University Center of Research "Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs-(ARTO)", University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - George N Chaldakov
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Anton B Tonchev
- Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Michelino Di Rosa
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicolas Blavet
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hejret
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Center for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Translational Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute of the Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria
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18
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Romanelli SM, Lewis KT, Nishii A, Rupp AC, Li Z, Mori H, Schill RL, Learman BS, Rhodes CJ, MacDougald OA. BAd-CRISPR: Inducible gene knockout in interscapular brown adipose tissue of adult mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101402. [PMID: 34774798 PMCID: PMC8661024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has enabled inducible gene knockout in numerous tissues; however, its use has not been reported in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here, we developed the brown adipocyte CRISPR (BAd-CRISPR) methodology to rapidly interrogate the function of one or multiple genes. With BAd-CRISPR, an adeno-associated virus (AAV8) expressing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) is administered directly to BAT of mice expressing Cas9 in brown adipocytes. We show that the local administration of AAV8-sgRNA to interscapular BAT of adult mice robustly transduced brown adipocytes and ablated expression of adiponectin, adipose triglyceride lipase, fatty acid synthase, perilipin 1, or stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 by >90%. Administration of multiple AAV8 sgRNAs led to simultaneous knockout of up to three genes. BAd-CRISPR induced frameshift mutations and suppressed target gene mRNA expression but did not lead to substantial accumulation of off-target mutations in BAT. We used BAd-CRISPR to create an inducible uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) knockout mouse to assess the effects of UCP1 loss on adaptive thermogenesis in adult mice. Inducible Ucp1 knockout did not alter core body temperature; however, BAd-CRISPR Ucp1 mice had elevated circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 21 and changes in BAT gene expression consistent with heat production through increased peroxisomal lipid oxidation. Other molecular adaptations predict additional cellular inefficiencies with an increase in both protein synthesis and turnover, and mitochondria with reduced reliance on mitochondrial-encoded gene expression and increased expression of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. These data suggest that BAd-CRISPR is an efficient tool to speed discoveries in adipose tissue biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Romanelli
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kenneth T Lewis
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Akira Nishii
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alan C Rupp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ziru Li
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mori
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca L Schill
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian S Learman
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher J Rhodes
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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19
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Kang J, Huang L, Zheng W, Luo J, Zhang X, Song Y, Liu A. Promoter CAG is more efficient than hepatocyte‑targeting TBG for transgene expression via rAAV8 in liver tissues. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:16. [PMID: 34779500 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recombinant adeno‑associated virus 8 (rAAV8) vector is a widely used tool in basic research and clinical trials. The cytomegalovirus immediate‑early enhancer/chicken β‑actin (CAG) promoter is a synthetic promoter used in adenoviral constructs with a wide spectrum and notable efficiency. The thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) promoter is a liver‑specific promoter, which directs transgene expression in hepatocytes. However, the transduction efficiency of the rAAV vector is dependent on both the administration routes and the promoter elements. In the present study, the transduction efficiency in the liver following intraperitoneal (IP) and intravenous (IV) injections of rAAV8 with the CAG, TBG669 and TBG410 promoters was compared. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression was used as the biomarker to indicate efficiency. Among the three different promoters, CAG exhibited the highest efficiency from both IV and IP injections. Following IV administration, EGFP expression, induced by the CAG promoter, was 67‑fold higher compared with that in the TBG410 promoter group and 26‑fold higher compared with that in the TBG669 promoter group. EGFP protein expression was higher with IV injection compared with that for IP injection for both the CAG and TBG669 promoters (P<0.05). With the CAG promoter, EGFP protein expression was 1.5‑fold higher with the use of IV injection than with IP injection. With the TBG410 promoter, no differences were observed between the two administrations. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that the CAG promoter was much more efficient at driving gene expression in the liver compared with that for the TBG promoters in rAAV8. In addition, IP administration produced comparable efficiency for gene delivery via the rAAV8 vector, particularly with the promoter TBG410.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Kang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Lujie Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jia Luo
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Xie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Aiming Liu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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20
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Liu B, Xiang L, Ji J, Liu W, Chen Y, Xia M, Liu Y, Liu W, Zhu P, Jin Y, Han Y, Lu J, Li X, Zheng M, Lu Y. Sparcl1 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression in mice through upregulation of CCL2. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:144801. [PMID: 34651580 DOI: 10.1172/jci144801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of chronic liver disease ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the molecular mechanisms of NASH progression remain incompletely understood. White adipose tissue (WAT) has emerged as an important endocrine organ and contributes not only to the initial stage of NAFLD, but also to its severity. In the current study, through transcriptomic analysis we identified increased expression of Sparcl1, a secreted glycoprotein, in the WAT from NASH mice. Plasma Sparcl1 levels were similarly elevated and positively correlated with hepatic pathological features in NASH patients. Functional studies showed that both chronic injection of recombinant Sparcl1 protein and overexpression of Sparcl1 exaggerated hepatic inflammation and liver injury in mice. In contrast, genetic ablation of Sparcl1, knockdown of Sparcl1 in WAT, and treatment with a Sparcl1-neutralizing antibody dramatically alleviated diet-induced NASH pathogenesis. Mechanistically, Sparcl1 promoted the expression of C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) in hepatocytes through binding to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and activation of the NF-κB/p65 signaling pathway. Genetically or pharmacologically blocking the CCL2/CCR2 pathway attenuated the hepatic inflammatory response evoked by Sparcl1. Thus, our results demonstrated an important role for Sparcl1 in NASH progression, suggesting a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Liping Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Yu Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jieli Lu
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghua Zheng
- MAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Queen NJ, Bates R, Huang W, Xiao R, Appana B, Cao L. Visceral adipose tissue-directed FGF21 gene therapy improves metabolic and immune health in BTBR mice. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2021; 20:409-422. [PMID: 33575433 PMCID: PMC7848733 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a peptide hormone that serves as a potent effector of energy homeostasis. Increasingly, FGF21 is viewed as a promising therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and other metabolic complications. Exogenous administration of native FGF21 peptide has proved difficult due to unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we utilized an engineered serotype adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector coupled with a dual-cassette design to selectively overexpress FGF21 in visceral adipose tissue of insulin-resistant BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice. Under high-fat diet conditions, a single, low-dose intraperitoneal injection of AAV-FGF21 resulted in sustained benefits, including improved insulin sensitivity, glycemic processing, and systemic metabolic function and reduced whole-body adiposity, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipose tissue macrophage inflammation. Our study highlights the potential of adipose tissue as a FGF21 gene-therapy target and the promise of minimally invasive AAV vectors as therapeutic agents for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Queen
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rhiannon Bates
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Run Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Bhavya Appana
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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