1
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Grützner C, Tan YP, Müller P, Schlee-Guimaraes TM, Jentzsch M, Schmid-Burgk JL, Renn M, Behrendt R, Hartmann G. Synthetic RIG-I agonist-mediated cancer immunotherapy synergizes with MAP kinase inhibition against BRAF-mutated melanoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102283. [PMID: 39165562 PMCID: PMC11334831 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
The implementation of targeted molecular therapies and immunotherapy in melanoma vastly improved the therapeutic outcome in patients with limited efficacy of surgical intervention. Nevertheless, a large fraction of patients with melanoma still remain refractory or acquire resistance to these new forms of treatment, illustrating a need for improvement. Here, we report that the clinically relevant combination of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway inhibitors dabrafenib and trametinib synergize with RIG-I agonist-induced immunotherapy to kill BRAF-mutated human and mouse melanoma cells. Kinase inhibition did not compromise the agonist-induced innate immune response of the RIG-I pathway in host immune cells. In a melanoma transplantation mouse model, the triple therapy outperformed individual therapies. Our study suggests that agonist-induced activation of RIG-I with its synthetic ligand 3pRNA could vastly improve tumor control in a substantial fraction of patients with melanoma receiving MAP kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grützner
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (CIO ABCD), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yu Pan Tan
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Marius Jentzsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan L. Schmid-Burgk
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Renn
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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2
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Zheng HY, Song TZ, Zheng YT. Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models. Zool Res 2024; 45:747-766. [PMID: 38894519 PMCID: PMC11298684 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The distribution of the immune system throughout the body complicates in vitro assessments of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunobiology, often resulting in a lack of reproducibility when extrapolated to the whole organism. Consequently, developing animal models is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the pathology and immunology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This review summarizes current progress related to COVID-19 animal models, including non-human primates (NHPs), mice, and hamsters, with a focus on their roles in exploring the mechanisms of immunopathology, immune protection, and long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as their application in immunoprevention and immunotherapy of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differences among these animal models and their specific applications are also highlighted, as no single model can fully encapsulate all aspects of COVID-19. To effectively address the challenges posed by COVID-19, it is essential to select appropriate animal models that can accurately replicate both fatal and non-fatal infections with varying courses and severities. Optimizing animal model libraries and associated research tools is key to resolving the global COVID-19 pandemic, serving as a robust resource for future emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Tian-Zhang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650107, China. E-mail:
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3
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Farrukee R, Schwab LSU, Barnes JB, Brooks AG, Londrigan SL, Hartmann G, Zillinger T, Reading PC. Induction and antiviral activity of ferret myxovirus resistance (Mx) protein 1 against influenza A viruses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13524. [PMID: 38866913 PMCID: PMC11169552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are products of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and Mx proteins of different species have been reported to mediate antiviral activity against a number of viruses, including influenza A viruses (IAV). Ferrets are widely considered to represent the 'gold standard' small animal model for studying pathogenesis and immunity to human IAV infections, however little is known regarding the antiviral activity of ferret Mx proteins. Herein, we report induction of ferret (f)Mx1/2 in a ferret lung cell line and in airway tissues from IAV-infected ferrets, noting that fMx1 was induced to higher levels that fMx2 both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression confirmed cytoplasmic expression of fMx1 as well as its ability to inhibit infection and replication of IAV, noting that this antiviral effect of fMx1was modest when compared to cells overexpressing either human MxA or mouse Mx1. Together, these studies provide the first insights regarding the role of fMx1 in cell innate antiviral immunity to influenza viruses. Understanding similarities and differences in the antiviral activities of human and ferret ISGs provides critical context for evaluating results when studying human IAV infections in the ferret model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiyea Farrukee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Lara S U Schwab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - James B Barnes
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Victoria, 3000, Australia.
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4
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Mao T, Kim J, Peña-Hernández MA, Valle G, Moriyama M, Luyten S, Ott IM, Gomez-Calvo ML, Gehlhausen JR, Baker E, Israelow B, Slade M, Sharma L, Liu W, Ryu C, Korde A, Lee CJ, Silva Monteiro V, Lucas C, Dong H, Yang Y, Gopinath S, Wilen CB, Palm N, Dela Cruz CS, Iwasaki A. Intranasal neomycin evokes broad-spectrum antiviral immunity in the upper respiratory tract. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319566121. [PMID: 38648490 PMCID: PMC11067057 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319566121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections in humans cause a broad-spectrum of diseases that result in substantial morbidity and mortality annually worldwide. To reduce the global burden of respiratory viral diseases, preventative and therapeutic interventions that are accessible and effective are urgently needed, especially in countries that are disproportionately affected. Repurposing generic medicine has the potential to bring new treatments for infectious diseases to patients efficiently and equitably. In this study, we found that intranasal delivery of neomycin, a generic aminoglycoside antibiotic, induces the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the nasal mucosa that is independent of the commensal microbiota. Prophylactic or therapeutic administration of neomycin provided significant protection against upper respiratory infection and lethal disease in a mouse model of COVID-19. Furthermore, neomycin treatment protected Mx1 congenic mice from upper and lower respiratory infections with a highly virulent strain of influenza A virus. In Syrian hamsters, neomycin treatment potently mitigated contact transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In healthy humans, intranasal application of neomycin-containing Neosporin ointment was well tolerated and effective at inducing ISG expression in the nose in a subset of participants. These findings suggest that neomycin has the potential to be harnessed as a host-directed antiviral strategy for the prevention and treatment of respiratory viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Mao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PittsburghPA15213
| | - Mario A. Peña-Hernández
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New HavenCT06510
| | - Gabrielee Valle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Miyu Moriyama
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Sophia Luyten
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Isabel M. Ott
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | | | - Jeff R Gehlhausen
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Emily Baker
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Benjamin Israelow
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Martin Slade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PittsburghPA15213
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Changwan Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Asawari Korde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Chris J. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | | | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Huiping Dong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | | | - Smita Gopinath
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA02115
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Noah Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PittsburghPA15213
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA15240
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
- HHMI, Chevy Chase, MD20815
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5
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Gewaid H, Bowie AG. Regulation of type I and type III interferon induction in response to pathogen sensing. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 87:102424. [PMID: 38761566 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Type I and III interferons (IFN-I and IFN-III) have a central role in the early antimicrobial response against invading pathogens. Induction of IFN-Is and IFN-IIIs arises due to the sensing by pattern recognition receptors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (from micro-organisms) or of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs; produced by host cells). Here, we review recent developments on how IFN-I and IFN-III expression is stimulated by different pathogens and how the signalling pathways leading to IFN induction are tightly regulated. We also summarise the growing knowledge of the sensing pathways that lead to IFN-I and IFN-III induction in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam Gewaid
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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6
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Mohamed AA, Soler S, Wegner J, Bartok E, Stankovic S, Brooks AG, Schlee M. Influenza A Infection Stimulates RIG-I and Enhances Effector Function of Primary Human NK Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12220. [PMID: 37569596 PMCID: PMC10419028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune surveillance by natural killer (NK) cells and their recruitment to sites of inflammation renders them susceptible to viral infection, potentially modulating their effector function. Here, we analyzed innate RNA receptor signaling in NK cells downstream of direct Influenza A virus (IAV) infection and its impact on NK cell effector function. Infection of NK cells with IAV resulted in the activation of TBK1, NF-ϰB and subsequent type-I IFN secretion. CRISPR-generated knockouts in primary human NK cells revealed that this effect depended on the antiviral cytosolic RNA receptor RIG-I. Transfection of NK cells with synthetic 3p-dsRNA, a strong RIG-I agonist that mimics viral RNA, resulted in a similar phenotype and rendered NK cells resistant to subsequent IAV infection. Strikingly, both IAV infection and 3p-dsRNA transfection enhanced degranulation and cytokine production by NK cells when exposed to target cells. Thus, RIG-I activation in NK cells both supports their cell intrinsic viral defense and enhances their cytotoxic effector function against target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adham Abuelola Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.A.M.); (J.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.S.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Sofía Soler
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.)
| | - Julia Wegner
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.A.M.); (J.W.)
| | - Eva Bartok
- Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (S.S.)
- Unit of Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sanda Stankovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.S.); (A.G.B.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (S.S.); (A.G.B.)
| | - Martin Schlee
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (A.A.M.); (J.W.)
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7
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Maison DP, Deng Y, Gerschenson M. SARS-CoV-2 and the host-immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195871. [PMID: 37404823 PMCID: PMC10315470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the COVID-19 disease have affected everyone globally, leading to one of recorded history's most significant research surges. As our knowledge evolves, our approaches to the virus and treatments must also evolve. The evaluation of future research approaches to SARS-CoV-2 will necessitate reviewing the host immune response and viral antagonism of that response. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 by summarizing the virus and human response. The focuses are on the viral genome, replication cycle, host immune activation, response, signaling, and antagonism. To effectively fight the pandemic, efforts must focus on the current state of research to help develop treatments and prepare for future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Maison
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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8
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Scheunemann JF, Risch F, Reichwald JJ, Lenz B, Neumann AL, Garbe S, Frohberger SJ, Koschel M, Ajendra J, Rothe M, Latz E, Coch C, Hartmann G, Schumak B, Hoerauf A, Hübner MP. Potential of Nucleic Acid Receptor Ligands to Improve Vaccination Efficacy against the Filarial Nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050966. [PMID: 37243070 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
More than two-hundred-million people are infected with filariae worldwide. However, there is no vaccine available that confers long-lasting protection against filarial infections. Previous studies indicated that vaccination with irradiated infective L3 larvae reduces the worm load. This present study investigated whether the additional activation of cytosolic nucleic acid receptors as an adjuvant improves the efficacy of vaccination with irradiated L3 larvae of the rodent filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis with the aim of identifying novel vaccination strategies for filarial infections. Subcutaneous injection of irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA resulted in neutrophil recruitment to the skin, accompanied by higher IP-10/CXCL10 and IFN-β RNA levels. To investigate the impact on parasite clearance, BALB/c mice received three subcutaneous injections in 2-week intervals with irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA prior to the challenge infection. Vaccination with irradiated L3 larvae in combination with poly(I:C) or 3pRNA led to a markedly greater reduction in adult-worm counts by 73% and 57%, respectively, compared to the immunization with irradiated L3 larvae alone (45%). In conclusion, activation of nucleic acid-sensing immune receptors boosts the protective immune response against L. sigmodontis and nucleic acid-receptor agonists as vaccine adjuvants represent a promising novel strategy to improve the efficacy of vaccines against filariae and potentially other helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Scheunemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederic Risch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia J Reichwald
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lenz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Neumann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stephan Garbe
- Clinic for Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan J Frohberger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marianne Koschel
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesuthas Ajendra
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Rothe
- Institute for Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute for Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Coch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Nextevidence GmbH, 81541 Munich, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatrix Schumak
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc P Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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9
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Zheng J, Shi W, Yang Z, Chen J, Qi A, Yang Y, Deng Y, Yang D, Song N, Song B, Luo D. RIG-I-like receptors: Molecular mechanism of activation and signaling. Adv Immunol 2023; 158:1-74. [PMID: 37453753 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
During RNA viral infection, RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) recognize the intracellular pathogenic RNA species derived from viral replication and activate antiviral innate immune response by stimulating type 1 interferon expression. Three RLR members, namely, RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2 are homologous and belong to a subgroup of superfamily 2 Helicase/ATPase that is preferably activated by double-stranded RNA. RLRs are significantly different in gene architecture, RNA ligand preference, activation, and molecular functions. As switchable macromolecular sensors, RLRs' activities are tightly regulated by RNA ligands, ATP, posttranslational modifications, and cellular cofactors. We provide a comprehensive review of the structure and function of the RLRs and summarize the molecular understanding of sensing and signaling events during the RLR activation process. The key roles RLR signaling play in both anti-infection and immune disease conditions highlight the therapeutic potential in targeting this important molecular pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wenjia Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziqun Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ao Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, China; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyuan Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Song
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Villamayor L, Rivero V, López-García D, Topham DJ, Martínez-Sobrido L, Nogales A, DeDiego ML. Interferon alpha inducible protein 6 is a negative regulator of innate immune responses by modulating RIG-I activation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1105309. [PMID: 36793726 PMCID: PMC9923010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and inflammatory cytokines mediate innate immune responses, and are essential to establish an antiviral response. Within the innate immune responses, retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) is a key sensor of virus infections, mediating the transcriptional induction of IFNs and inflammatory proteins. Nevertheless, since excessive responses could be detrimental to the host, these responses need to be tightly regulated. In this work, we describe, for the first time, how knocking-down or knocking-out the expression of IFN alpha-inducible protein 6 (IFI6) increases IFN, ISG, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after the infections with Influenza A Virus (IAV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Sendai Virus (SeV), or poly(I:C) transfection. We also show how overexpression of IFI6 produces the opposite effect, in vitro and in vivo, indicating that IFI6 negatively modulates the induction of innate immune responses. Knocking-out or knocking-down the expression of IFI6 diminishes the production of infectious IAV and SARS-CoV-2, most likely because of its effect on antiviral responses. Importantly, we report a novel interaction of IFI6 with RIG-I, most likely mediated through binding to RNA, that affects RIG-I activation, providing a molecular mechanism for the effect of IFI6 on negatively regulating innate immunity. Remarkably, these new functions of IFI6 could be targeted to treat diseases associated with an exacerbated induction of innate immune responses and to combat viral infections, such as IAV and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Villamayor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Rivero
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío López-García
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David J. Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Luis Martínez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention and Prevention and Population Health Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Center for Animal Health Research, CISA-INIA-CSIC, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta L. DeDiego
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Marta L. DeDiego,
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11
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Villamayor L, López-García D, Rivero V, Martínez-Sobrido L, Nogales A, DeDiego ML. The IFN-stimulated gene IFI27 counteracts innate immune responses after viral infections by interfering with RIG-I signaling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1176177. [PMID: 37187533 PMCID: PMC10175689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1176177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of viral nucleic acids by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for initiating innate immune responses against viral infections. These innate immune responses are mediated by the induction of interferons (IFNs), IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, regulatory mechanisms are critical to avoid excessive or long-lasting innate immune responses that may cause detrimental hyperinflammation. Here, we identified a novel regulatory function of the ISG, IFN alpha inducible protein 27 (IFI27) in counteracting the innate immune responses triggered by cytoplasmic RNA recognition and binding. Our model systems included three unrelated viral infections caused by Influenza A virus (IAV), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Sendai virus (SeV), and transfection with an analog of double-stranded (ds) RNA. Furthermore, we found that IFI27 has a positive effect on IAV and SARS-CoV-2 replication, most likely due to its ability to counteract host-induced antiviral responses, including in vivo. We also show that IFI27 interacts with nucleic acids and PRR retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), being the interaction of IFI27 with RIG-I most likely mediated through RNA binding. Interestingly, our results indicate that interaction of IFI27 with RIG-I impairs RIG-I activation, providing a molecular mechanism for the effect of IFI27 on modulating innate immune responses. Our study identifies a molecular mechanism that may explain the effect of IFI27 in counterbalancing innate immune responses to RNA viral infections and preventing excessive innate immune responses. Therefore, this study will have important implications in drug design to control viral infections and viral-induced pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Villamayor
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Darío López-García
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Rivero
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Aitor Nogales
- Center for Animal Health Research, CISA-INIA-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta L. DeDiego
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta L. DeDiego,
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12
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Rodríguez-Pulido M, Calvo-Pinilla E, Polo M, Saiz JC, Fernández-González R, Pericuesta E, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Sobrino F, Martín-Acebes MA, Sáiz M. Non-coding RNAs derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus genome trigger broad antiviral activity against coronaviruses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1166725. [PMID: 37063925 PMCID: PMC10090856 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1166725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of a potentially severe respiratory disease, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an ongoing pandemic with limited therapeutic options. Here, we assessed the anti-coronavirus activity of synthetic RNAs mimicking specific domains in the non-coding regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome (ncRNAs). These molecules are known to exert broad-spectrum antiviral activity in cell culture, mice and pigs effectively triggering the host innate immune response. The ncRNAs showed potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 after transfection in human intestinal Caco-2 and lung epithelium Calu-3 2B4 cells. When the in vivo efficacy of the FMDV ncRNAs was assessed in K18-hACE2 mice, administration of naked ncRNA before intranasal SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly decreased the viral load and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs compared with untreated infected mice. The ncRNAs were also highly efficacious when assayed against common human HCoV-229E and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) in hepatocyte-derived Huh-7 and swine testis ST cells, respectively. These results are a proof of concept of the pan-coronavirus antiviral activity of the FMDV ncRNAs including human and animal divergent coronaviruses and potentially enhance our ability to fight future emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Rodríguez-Pulido
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Calvo-Pinilla
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Polo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Carlos Saiz
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Fernández-González
- Animal Reproduction Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Pericuesta
- Animal Reproduction Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Animal Reproduction Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martín-Acebes
- Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Sáiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Margarita Sáiz,
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13
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You H, Ma L, Wang X, Zhang F, Han Y, Yao J, Pan X, Zheng K, Kong F, Tang R. The emerging role of DEAD/H-box helicases in hepatitis B virus infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1062553. [PMID: 36506030 PMCID: PMC9732268 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1062553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H-box helicases are an essential protein family with a conserved motif containing unique amino acid sequences (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp/His). Current evidence indicates that DEAD/H-box helicases regulate RNA metabolism and innate immune responses. In recent years, DEAD/H-box helicases have been reported to participate in the development of a variety of diseases, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which is a significant risk factor for hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that different DEAD/H-box helicases play vital roles in the regulation of viral replication, based on the interaction of DEAD/H-box helicases with HBV and the modulation of innate signaling pathways mediated by DEAD/H-box helicases. Besides these, HBV can alter the expression and activity of DEAD/H-box helicases to facilitate its biosynthesis. More importantly, current investigation suggests that targeting DEAD/H-box helicases with appropriate compounds is an attractive treatment strategy for the virus infection. In this review, we delineate recent advances in molecular mechanisms relevant to the interplay of DEAD/H-box helicase and HBV and the potential of targeting DEAD/H-box helicase to eliminate HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lihong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fulong Zhang
- Imaging Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yiran Han
- First School of Clinical Medical, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- School of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiucheng Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fanyun Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Basic Medical Sciences Education, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Renxian Tang, ; Fanyun Kong,
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14
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Liu J, Ji Q, Cheng F, Chen D, Geng T, Huang Y, Zhang J, He Y, Song T. The lncRNAs involved in regulating the RIG-I signaling pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1041682. [PMID: 36439216 PMCID: PMC9682092 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1041682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the targets and interactions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) related to the retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) signaling pathway is essential for developing interventions, which would enable directing the host inflammatory response regulation toward protective immunity. In the RIG-I signaling pathway, lncRNAs are involved in the important processes of ubiquitination, phosphorylation, and glycolysis, thus promoting the transport of the interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 (IRF3 and IRF7) and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) into the nucleus, and activating recruitment of type I interferons (IFN-I) and inflammatory factors to the antiviral action site. In addition, the RIG-I signaling pathway has recently been reported to contain the targets of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19)-related lncRNAs. The molecules in the RIG-I signaling pathway are directly regulated by the lncRNA-microRNAs (miRNAs)-messenger RNA (mRNA) axis. Therefore, targeting this axis has become a novel strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this paper, the studies on the regulation of the RIG-I signaling pathway by lncRNAs during viral infections and cancer are comprehensively analyzed. The aim is to provide a solid foundation of information for conducting further detailed studies on lncRNAs and RIG-I in the future and also contribute to clinical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qinglu Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Dengwang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yueyue Huang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuqi He
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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15
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Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes Correlates with Reduced Growth of Influenza A Virus in Lungs after RIG-I Agonist Treatment of Ferrets. J Virol 2022; 96:e0055922. [PMID: 35916513 PMCID: PMC9400473 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00559-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular RIG-I receptors represent key innate sensors of RNA virus infection, and RIG-I activation results in the induction of hundreds of host effector genes, including interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Synthetic RNA agonists targeting RIG-I have shown promise as antivirals against a broad spectrum of viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV), in both in vitro and mouse models of infection. Herein, we demonstrate that treatment of a ferret airway epithelial (FRL) cell line with a RIG-I agonist rapidly and potently induced expression of a broad range of ISGs and resulted in potent inhibition of growth of different IAV strains. In ferrets, a single intravenous injection of RIG-I agonist was associated with upregulated ISG expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lung tissue, but not in nasal tissues. In a ferret model of viral contact transmission, a single treatment of recipient animals 24 h prior to cohousing with IAV-infected donors did not reduce virus transmission and shedding but did result in reduced lung virus titers 6 days after treatment. A single treatment of the IAV-infected donor animals also resulted in reduced virus titers in the lungs 2 days later. Thus, a single intravenous treatment with RIG-I agonist prior to infection or to ferrets with an established IAV infection can reduce virus growth in the lungs. These findings support further development of RIG-I agonists as effective antiviral treatments to limit the impact of IAV infections, particularly in reducing virus replication in the lower airways. IMPORTANCE RIG-I agonists have shown potential as broad-spectrum antivirals in vitro and in mouse models of infection. However, their antiviral potential has not been reported in outbred animals such as ferrets, which are widely regarded as the gold standard small animal model for human IAV infections. Herein, we demonstrate that RIG-I agonist treatment of a ferret airway cell line resulted in ISG induction and inhibition of a broad range of human influenza viruses. A single intravenous treatment of ferrets also resulted in systemic induction of ISGs, including in lung tissue, and when delivered to animals prior to IAV exposure or to animals with established IAV infection treatment resulted in reduced virus replication in the lungs. These data demonstrate the effectiveness of single RIG-I treatment against IAV in the ferret model and highlight the importance of future studies to optimize treatment regimens and delivery routes to maximize their ability to ameliorate IAV infections.
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16
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Schwab LSU, Farrukee R, Eléouët JF, Rameix-Welti MA, Londrigan SL, Brooks AG, Hurt AC, Coch C, Zillinger T, Hartmann G, Reading PC. Retinoic Acid-Inducible Gene I Activation Inhibits Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Replication in Mammalian Cells and in Mouse and Ferret Models of Infection. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:2079-2088. [PMID: 35861054 PMCID: PMC9749005 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are associated with substantial rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment options are limited, and there is urgent need for the development of efficient antivirals. Pattern recognition receptors such as the cytoplasmic helicase retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG) I can be activated by viral nucleic acids, leading to activation of interferon-stimulated genes and generation of an "antiviral state." In the current study, we activated RIG-I with synthetic RNA agonists (3pRNA) to induce resistance to RSV infection in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, pretreatment of human, mouse, and ferret airway cell lines with RIG-I agonist before RSV exposure inhibited virus infection and replication. Moreover, a single intravenous injection of 3pRNA 1 day before RSV infection resulted in potent inhibition of virus replication in the lungs of mice and ferrets, but not in nasal tissues. These studies provide evidence that RIG-I agonists represent a promising antiviral drug for RSV prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara S U Schwab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rubaiyea Farrukee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Jean-François Eléouët
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles St. Quentin; UMR 1173 (2I), INSERM, Versailles, France,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, DMU15; Boulogne, France
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- Present affiliation: F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Product Development Medical Affairs, Respiratory, GastroImmunology and Infectious Diseases, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Correspondence: Patrick C. Reading, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia ()
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17
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Expression of a Functional Mx1 Protein Is Essential for the Ability of RIG-I Agonist Prophylaxis to Provide Potent and Long-Lasting Protection in a Mouse Model of Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071547. [PMID: 35891527 PMCID: PMC9319350 DOI: 10.3390/v14071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I is an innate sensor of RNA virus infection and its activation induces interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In vitro studies using human cells have demonstrated the ability of synthetic RIG-I agonists (3pRNA) to inhibit IAV replication. However, in mouse models of IAV the effectiveness of 3pRNA reported to date differs markedly between studies. Myxoma resistance (Mx)1 is an ISG protein which mediates potent anti-IAV activity, however most inbred mouse strains do not express a functional Mx1. Herein, we utilised C57BL/6 mice that do (B6.A2G-Mx1) and do not (B6-WT) express functional Mx1 to assess the ability of prophylactic 3pRNA treatment to induce ISGs and to protect against subsequent IAV infection. In vitro, 3pRNA treatment of primary lung cells from B6-WT and B6.A2G-Mx1 mice resulted in ISG induction however inhibition of IAV infection was more potent in cells from B6.A2G-Mx1 mice. In vivo, a single intravenous injection of 3pRNA resulted in ISG induction in lungs of both B6-WT and B6.A2G-Mx1 mice, however potent and long-lasting protection against subsequent IAV challenge was only observed in B6.A2G-Mx1 mice. Thus, despite broad ISG induction, expression of a functional Mx1 is critical for potent and long-lasting RIG-I agonist-mediated protection in the mouse model of IAV infection.
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18
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Nair S, Wu Y, Nguyen TM, Fink K, Luo D, Ruedl C. Intranasal Delivery of RIG-I Agonist Drives Pulmonary Myeloid Cell Activation in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:910192. [PMID: 35784329 PMCID: PMC9241514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.910192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections cause substantial health and economic burden. There is a pressing demand for efficacious vaccination strategies and, therefore, a need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of novel potential adjuvants. Here we investigated the effect of a synthetic RIG-I agonist, the dsRNA hairpin 3p10LA9, on the activation of pulmonary myeloid cells. Analysis of early innate immune responses revealed that a single intranasal 3p10LA9 dose induces a transient pulmonary interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine response, which leads to the maturation of three distinct dendritic cell subpopulations in the lungs. While lung resident dendritic cell decrease shortly after 3p10LA9 delivery, their numbers increase in the draining mediastinal lymph node, where they have migrated, maintaining their activated phenotype. At the same time, dsRNA hairpin-induced chemokines attract transiently infiltrating monocytes into the lungs, which causes a short temporary pulmonary inflammation. However, these monocytes are dispensable in controlling influenza infection since in CCR2 deficient mice, lacking these infiltrating cells, the virus load was similar to the wild type mice when infected with the influenza virus at a sublethal dose. In summary, our data suggest that intranasal delivery of dsRNA hairpins, used as a RIG-I targeting adjuvant, represents an attractive strategy to boost type I inteferon-mediated lung dendritic cell maturation, which supports viral reduction in the lungs during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajith Nair
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yilun Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Trinh Mai Nguyen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiane Ruedl
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- *Correspondence: Christiane Ruedl,
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