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Wang Q, Wang D, Qin T, Zhang X, Lin X, Chen J, Chen W, Zhao L, Huang W, Lin Z, Li J, Dongye M, Wu X, Wang X, Li X, Lin Y, Tan H, Liu Y, Lin H, Chen W. Early Diagnosis of Syndromic Congenital Cataracts in a Large Cohort of Congenital Cataracts. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 263:206-213. [PMID: 38184101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the factors related to the diagnosis yield of syndromic congenital cataracts and describe the phenotype-genotype correlation in congenital cataract patients. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. METHODS Setting: the participants from underwent clinical examinations between 2021 and 2022. Facial and anterior eye segment photographs, pre- and postoperative ocular parameters, and medical and family histories were recorded. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using whole-exome sequencing data. Statistical and correlation analyses were performed using the basic characteristics, deep phenotype, and genotype data. PARTICIPANTS 115 patients with unrelated congenital cataract. INTERVENTIONS performing clinical examinations, whole-exome sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis for all participants. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES factors related to the genetic diagnosis yield of syndromic congenital cataracts. RESULTS Bilaterally asymmetrical cataracts were identified to be associated with syndromic congenital cataracts. The overall genetic diagnostic yield in the cohort was 72.2%. In total, 34.8% of the probands were early diagnosed with various syndromes with the help of genetic information. A phenotype-genotype correlation was detected for some genes and deep phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS We highlight the importance of screening syndromic diseases in the patients with asymmetrical congenital cataracts. Application of whole-exome sequencing helps provide early diagnosis and treatment for the patients with syndromic congenital cataracts. This study also achieved a high genetic diagnostic yield, expanded the genotypic spectrum, and found phenotype-genotype correlations. A comprehensive analysis of cataract symmetricity, family history, and deep phenotypes makes the genotype prediction of some congenital cataract patients possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dongni Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tingfeng Qin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xulin Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wan Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lanqin Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiming Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Meimei Dongye
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaohang Wu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xun Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongbin Lin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haowen Tan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Weirong Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Yahalom C, Anteby I, Hendler K, Harel T, Eilat A, Macarov M. Genetics of bilateral pediatric cataract in the Israeli and Palestinian populations. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06546-2. [PMID: 38874774 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bilateral pediatric cataract (BPC) is one of the most common causes of childhood visual impairment and blindness worldwide. A significant percentage of pediatric cataracts are caused by genetic alterations. We aim to characterize the set of genes and variants that cause BPC in the Israeli and Palestinian populations and to assess genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS Retrospective study in a multidisciplinary center for visual impairment, located in a tertiary medical center. Medical charts of families who underwent genetic counseling because of BPC in a family member were reviewed. Clinical characteristics and genetic tests results were obtained from medical records of affected subjects. RESULTS Twenty-two families (47 patients) underwent genetic counseling and completed genetic testing. Causative variants were identified in 18/22 (81.8%) of the families, including 3 novel variants. Genetic testing used included mainly panel for congenital cataracts and whole exome sequencing. Eleven families performed genetic testing with the intention of future pregnancy planning. Main causative genes identified were crystalline genes followed by transcription factor genes. BCOR gene variants were associated with persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) cataract in two of three families. CONCLUSIONS Combined molecular techniques are useful in identifying variants causing pediatric cataracts and showed a high detection rate in our population. BCOR gene variants might be associated with PFV type of cataracts. The study of pathogenic variants may aid in family planning and prevention of pediatric cataracts in future pregnancies. Additionally, in certain cases, it assists in diagnosing non-suspected syndromic types of pediatric cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Yahalom
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 12000, POB, Israel.
| | - Irene Anteby
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 12000, POB, Israel
| | - Karen Hendler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 12000, POB, Israel
| | - Tamar Harel
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Eilat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 12000, POB, Israel
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Macarov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, 12000, POB, Israel
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Lecca M, Mauri L, Gana S, Del Longo A, Morelli F, Nicotra R, Plumari M, Galli J, Sirchia F, Valente EM, Cavallari U, Mazza M, Signorini S, Errichiello E. Novel molecular, structural and clinical findings in an Italian cohort of congenital cataract. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 38840272 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The current genetic diagnostic workup of congenital cataract (CC) is mainly based on NGS panels, whereas exome sequencing (ES) has occasionally been employed. In this multicentre study, we investigated by ES the detection yield, mutational spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in a CC cohort recruited between 2020 and mid-2022. The cohort consisted of 67 affected individuals from 51 unrelated families and included both non-syndromic (75%) and syndromic (25%) phenotypes, with extra-CC ocular/visual features present in both groups (48% and 76%, respectively). The functional effect of variants was predicted by 3D modelling and hydropathy properties changes. Variant clustering was used for the in-depth assessment of genotype-phenotype correlations. A diagnostic (pathogenic or likely pathogenic) variant was identified in 19 out of 51 probands/families (~37%). In a further 14 probands/families a candidate variant was identified: in 12 families a VUS was detected, of which 9 were considered plausibly pathogenic (i.e., 4 or 5 points according to ACMG criteria), while in 2 probands ES identified a single variant in an autosomal recessive gene associated with CC. Eighteen probands/families, manifesting primarily non-syndromic CC (15/18, 83%), remained unsolved. The identified variants (8 P, 12 LP, 10 VUS-PP, and 5 VUS), half of which were unreported in the literature, affected five functional categories of genes involved in transcription/splicing, lens formation/homeostasis (i.e., crystallin genes), membrane signalling, cell-cell interaction, and immune response. A phenotype-specific variant clustering was observed in four genes (KIF1A, MAF, PAX6, SPTAN1), whereas variable expressivity and potential phenotypic expansion in two (BCOR, NHS) and five genes (CWC27, KIF1A, IFIH1, PAX6, SPTAN1), respectively. Finally, ES allowed to detect variants in six genes not commonly included in commercial CC panels. These findings broaden the genotype-phenotype correlations in one of the largest CC cohorts tested by ES, providing novel insights into the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and emphasising the power of ES as first-tier test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Lecca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lucia Mauri
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Gana
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Del Longo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Morelli
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Nicotra
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Massimo Plumari
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jessica Galli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ugo Cavallari
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Mazza
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
- European Reference Network on Eye Diseases (ERN-EYE), ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Errichiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Leahy KE, Lo-Cao E, Jamieson RV, Grigg JR. Managing the apparently blind child presenting in the first year of life: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:452-463. [PMID: 38240137 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Severe vision impairment and blindness in childhood have a significant health burden on the child, family and society. This review article seeks to provide a structured framework for managing the apparently blind child presenting in the first year of life, starting from a comprehensive history and examination. Different investigation modalities and the increasingly important role of genetics will also be described, in addition to common causes of severe vision impairment. Crucially, a systematic approach to the blind infant is key to correct diagnoses and timely management. Incorrect diagnoses can be costly to all involved, however it is important to note that diagnoses can change with ongoing follow-up and investigations. Furthermore, the modern age of ophthalmology requires a multi-disciplinary approach and close collaboration with specialists including paediatricians, neurologists and geneticists, in addition to rehabilitation and low vision services, to ensure the best care for these vulnerable infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Leahy
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edward Lo-Cao
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Dong S, Zou T, Zhen F, Wang T, Zhou Y, Wu J, Nagata T, Matsushita I, Gong B, Kondo H, Li Q, Zhang H. Association of variants in GJA8 with familial acorea-microphthalmia-cataract syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:413-420. [PMID: 38052906 PMCID: PMC10999424 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital acorea is a rare disease with the absence of a pupil in the eye. To date, only one family and two isolated cases with congenital acorea have been reported. The gene associated with acorea has not been identified. In this study, we recruited a Chinese family acorea-microphthalmia-cataract syndrome. By analyzing the whole-exome sequencing (WES) data of this Chinese family, we revealed the association of a novel heterozygous variant, NM_005267.5:c.137G>A (p.G46E) in the gap junction protein alpha 8 (GJA8) gene encoding connexin 50 or CX50, with familial acorea-microphthalmia-cataract syndrome. Additionally, another variant, NM_005267.5:c.151G>A (p.D51N) in GJA8, was identified to co-segregate with this syndrome in an unrelated Japanese family. Ectopic expression of p.G46E and p.D51N mutant GJA8 genes in cultured cells caused protein mislocalization, suggesting that the p.G46E and p.D51N mutations in GJA8 impaired the function of the gap junction channels. These results established GJA8 as the first gene associated with familial acorea-microphthalmia-cataract syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqian Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongdan Zou
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongwei Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tatsuo Nagata
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Itsuka Matsushita
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Bo Gong
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Qiuming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Houbin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Zhou L, Wang G, Hu B, Jiang H, Jiang F, Xu Z. Microphthalmia and anterior segment dysgenesis due to a double gene variant in GJA8 and CRYGC. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:NP12-NP17. [PMID: 36916241 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231163611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To report a family with severe ocular disorder caused by double gene variants in causative genes of autosomal dominant cataracts, GJA8 and CRYGC. CASE PRESENTATION A 5-month-old boy with poor vision and enophthalmos was referred to our hospital. Further ocular examination showed horizontal nystagmus, iris abnormalities with pinpoint pupils, and extreme microphthalmia with axial right and left eye lengths of 13.48 mm and 13.75 mm, respectively. Digenic heterozygous variants (c.269T > G, p.Leu90Arg in CRYGC and c.151G > A, p.Asp51Asn in GJA8) have been detected based on the whole exome sequencing. His mother, who carried variant in CRYGC (c.269T > G, p.Leu90Arg), had nuclear cataract, microcornea and nystagmus, while his father, who carried variant in GJA8 (c.151G > A, p.Asp51Asn), showed bilateral membranous cataract, microphthalmia, sclerocornea, glaucoma, and nystagmus. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with variants in two cataract-related genes. Importantly, patient with double heterozygous variants in two dominantly inherited genes may suffer more serious phenotypes than those with heterozygous variant in a single dominantly inherited gene. Whole exome or genome sequencing is necessary for a genetic diagnosis in case of multiple gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ganghua Wang
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of ophthalmology, Chengdu tianfu new district people's hospital, Chengdu, 641400, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fanwen Jiang
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhuping Xu
- Department of ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Türkyılmaz A, Kaplan AT, Öskan Yalçın S, Sağer SG, Şimşek Ş. Identification of novel variants in Turkish families with non-syndromic congenital cataracts using whole-exome sequencing. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4573-4583. [PMID: 37592116 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to identify the molecular etiology of non-syndromic congenital cataract (CC) using whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis. METHODS In the present study, ophthalmologic results and pedigree analysis of the families of 12 patients with non-syndromic CC were evaluated. WES analysis was conducted after DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples obtained from the patients. RESULTS Twelve non-syndromic probands (10 males and 2 females) with bilateral CC were included in the study. Patient age ranged between 1 and 11 months. WES analysis showed pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in 7 (58%) of the 12 families and variant of unknown significance (VUS) in 5 (42%) of them. All the 13 different variants detected in 9 different CC-related genes were co-segregated with the disease. Autosomal dominant inheritance was found in 7 (58%) of the families and autosomal recessive inheritance was found in 5 (42%) of them. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, the present research is one of the limited numbers of studies in the Turkish population in which genetically heterogeneous non-syndromic CC was investigated using WES analysis. Novel variants that we identified in DNMBP, LSS, and WFS1 genes, which are rarely associated with the CC phenotype, have contributed to the mutation spectrum of this disease. Identifying the relevant molecular genetic etiology allows accurate genetic counseling to be provided to the families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayberk Türkyılmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Ortahisar, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | - Ayşin Tuba Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Öskan Yalçın
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Safiye Güneş Sağer
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şaban Şimşek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Delas F, Koller S, Feil S, Dacheva I, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Novel CRYGC Mutation in Conserved Ultraviolet-Protective Tryptophan (p.Trp131Arg) Is Linked to Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataract. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16594. [PMID: 38068917 PMCID: PMC10706789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC), the most prevalent cause of childhood blindness and amblyopia, necessitates prompt and precise genetic diagnosis. The objective of this study is to identify the underlying genetic cause in a Swiss patient with isolated CC. Whole exome sequencing (WES) and copy number variation (CNV) analysis were conducted for variant identification in a patient born with a total binocular CC without a family history of CC. Sanger Sequencing was used to confirm the variant and segregation analysis was used to screen the non-affected parents. The first de novo missense mutation at c.391T>C was identified in exon 3 of CRYGC on chromosome 2 causing the substitution of a highly conserved Tryptophan to an Arginine located at p.Trp131Arg. Previous studies exhibit significant changes in the tertiary structure of the crystallin family in the following variant locus, making CRYGC prone to aggregation aggravated by photodamage resulting in cataract. The variant can be classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria (PP3 + PM1 + PM2 + PS2; scoring 10 points). The identification of this novel variant expands the existing knowledge on the range of variants found in the CRYGC gene and contributes to a better comprehension of cataract heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Delas
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
| | - Ivanka Dacheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cantonal Hospital of St. Gallen, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | | | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.D.); (S.K.); (S.F.)
- Neuroscience Center Zürich (ZNZ), University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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Wang Q, Lin X, Lai K, Liu Y, Qin T, Tan H, Li J, Lin Z, Zhang X, Li X, Lin H, Chen W. Novel compound heterozygous variants of the SEC23A gene in a Chinese family with cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia based on data from a large cohort of congenital cataract patients. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:241. [PMID: 37828500 PMCID: PMC10568747 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cranio-lenticulo-sutural dysplasia (CLSD) is a rare dysmorphic syndrome characterized by skeletal dysmorphism, late-closing fontanels, and cataracts. CLSD is caused by mutations in the SEC23A gene (OMIM# 607812) and can be inherited in either an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive pattern. To date, only four mutations have been reported to cause CLSD. This study aims to identify the disease-causing variants in a large cohort of congenital cataract patients, to expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of CLSD, and to confirm the association between SEC23A and autosomal recessive CLSD (ARCLSD). METHODS We collected detailed medical records and performed comprehensive ocular examinations and whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 115 patients with congenital cataracts. After suspecting that a patient may have CLSD based on the sequencing results, we proceeded to conduct transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the cultured skin fibroblasts. The clinical validity of the reported gene-disease relationships for the gene and the disease was evaluated using the ClinGen gene curation framework. RESULTS Two novel compound heterozygous variants (c.710A > C p.Asp237Ala, c.1946T > C p.Leu649Pro) of the SEC23A gene, classified as variant of uncertain significance, were identified in the proband with skeletal, cardiac, ocular, and hearing defects. The observation of typical distended endoplasmic reticulum cisternae further supported the diagnosis of CLSD. Application of the ClinGen gene curation framework confirmed the association between SEC23A and ARCLSD. CONCLUSION This study expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of CLSD, proposes TEM as a supplemental diagnostic method, and indicates that congenital cataracts are a typical sign of ARCLSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kunbei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510091, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tingfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haowen Tan
- Aegicare Biotech, 518000, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhuoling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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10
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Zhao W, Chen S, Lu B, Wu D, Gu Y, Hao S, Sheng F, Xu Y, Han Y, Chen R, Zhou L, Fu Q, Yao K. Upregulation of EphA2 is associated with apoptosis in response to H 2O 2 and UV radiation-induced cataracts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109756. [PMID: 37714253 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we examine the role of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor A2 (EphA2) in the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs) in H2O2 and UV radiation-induced cataracts. We treated SRA01/04 cells with H2O2 or ultraviolet (UV) radiation to create a cataract cell model. We constructed a cataract lens model by exposing mice to UV radiation. We used CCK8 assays, Annexin V-FITC analysis, and immunohistochemical staining to explore proliferation and apoptosis of the cataract model. Thereafter, we used quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis, Western blot assays, and immunofluorescence to determine gene and protein expression levels. We also employed Crispr/Cas9 gene editing to create an EphA2 knockout in SRA01/04 cells. Results: H2O2 or UV radiation induced SRA01/04 cells showed EphA2 gene upregulation. CCK8 and apoptosis assays showed that EphA2 over-expression (OE) reduced epithelial cell apoptosis, but knockout of EphA2 induced it in response to H2O2 and UV radiation, respectively. Mutation of the EphA2 protein kinase domain (c.2003G > A, p. G668D) had a limited effect on cell apoptosis. In vivo, the EphA2 protein level increased in the lenses of UV-treated mice. Our results showed that EphA2 was upregulated in SRA01/04 cells in response to H2O2 and UV radiation. Mutation of the EphA2 protein kinase domain (c.2003G > A, p. G668D) had a limited effect on H2O2 and UV radiation-induced cell apoptosis. We confirmed this change with an experiment on UV-treated mice. The present study established a novel association between EphA2 and LEC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuying Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Lu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuzhou Gu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjie Hao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feiyin Sheng
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yili Xu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Han
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rongrong Chen
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Optometry, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiuli Fu
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Institute on Eye Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Le CB, Deitz GA, McCourt EA, Puente MA. Diagnostic yield of workups ordered by pediatric ophthalmologists for bilateral pediatric cataracts at a tertiary pediatric hospital in the United States. J AAPOS 2023; 27:271.e1-271.e5. [PMID: 37717619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with unexplained bilateral cataracts routinely undergo testing for genetic, infectious, and metabolic etiologies. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of various tests ordered by pediatric ophthalmologists to evaluate bilateral cataracts in children at a single institution. METHODS We retrospectively identified all children with bilateral unexplained cataracts who underwent cataract surgery by a pediatric ophthalmologist at Children's Hospital Colorado from 2006 to 2022. We reviewed the results of genetic, infectious, and metabolic testing ordered by pediatric ophthalmologists to evaluate the cataracts in these children. RESULTS A total of 43 children met inclusion criteria. Of these, 34 (79%) had genetic testing, 34 (79%) had infectious disease testing, 33 (77%) had galactosemia testing, and 17 (40%) had urine-reducing substances testing performed during their cataract evaluation. Of the genetic tests ordered, 17 (50%) revealed a pathogenic mutation associated with cataracts. Twenty-three (68%) patients were IgG-positive for a TORCH infection, but no child was found to be positive on confirmatory testing. Of the galactosemia and URS tests ordered, 3 tests (9%) and 1 (6%) test were initially found to be abnormal, respectively, but confirmatory testing and clinical judgment ruled out metabolic disease in each case. CONCLUSIONS Genetic testing should be strongly considered in all cases of unexplained bilateral pediatric cataracts. Metabolic and infectious testing is best considered only after consultation with the child's pediatrician, guided by the patient's clinical context and the availability of genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Le
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Galia A Deitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily A McCourt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Michael A Puente
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado.
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12
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Liu H, Zhang D, Hu F, Xu P, Zhang S, Wu J. Mutational spectrum in a Chinese cohort with congenital cataracts. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2196. [PMID: 37337769 PMCID: PMC10496047 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To identify the mutational spectrum in a Chinese cohort with congenital cataracts. METHODS Probands (n = 164) with congenital cataracts and their affected or unaffected available family members were recruited for clinical examinations and panel-based next-generation sequencing, then classified into a cohort for further mutational analysis. RESULTS After recruitment (n = 442; 228 males and 214 females), 49.32% (218/442) of subjects received a clinical diagnosis of congenital cataracts, and 56.88% (124/218) of patients received a molecular diagnosis. Eighty-four distinct variants distributed among 43 different genes, including 42 previously reported variants and 42 novel variants, were detected, and 49 gene variants were causally associated with patient phenotypes; 27.37% of variants (23/84) were commonly detected in PAX6, GJA8 and CRYGD, and the three genes covered 33.06% of cases (41/124) with molecular diagnosis. The majority of genes were classified as genes involved in nonsyndromic congenital cataracts (19/43, 44.19%) and were responsible for 56.45% of cases (70/124). The majority of functional and nucleotide changes were missense variants (53/84, 63.10%) and substitution variants (74/84, 88.10%), respectively. Nine de novo variants were identified. CONCLUSION This study provides a reference for individualized genetic counseling and further extends the mutational spectrum of congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Li Liu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationScience and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health CommissionShanghaiChina
| | - Dao‐Wei Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationScience and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health CommissionShanghaiChina
| | - Fang‐Yuan Hu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationScience and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health CommissionShanghaiChina
| | - Ping Xu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationScience and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health CommissionShanghaiChina
| | - Sheng‐Hai Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationScience and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health CommissionShanghaiChina
| | - Ji‐Hong Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye and ENT Hospital, College of MedicineFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and RestorationScience and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University)Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Health CommissionShanghaiChina
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13
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Ullah MI, Rehman Z, Dad R, Alsrhani A, Shakil M, Ghanem HB, Alameen AAM, Elsadek MF, Eltayeb LB, Ullah S, Atif M. Identification and Functional Characterization of Mutation in FYCO1 in Families with Congenital Cataract. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1788. [PMID: 37629644 PMCID: PMC10456301 DOI: 10.3390/life13081788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract (CC) causes a third of the cases of treatable childhood blindness worldwide. CC is a disorder of the crystalline lens which is established as clinically divergent and has complex heterogeneity. This study aimed to determine the genetic basis of CC. Whole blood was obtained from four consanguineous families with CC. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood, and the combination of targeted and Sanger sequencing was used to identify the causative gene. The mutations detected were analyzed in silico for structural and protein-protein interactions to predict their impact on protein activities. The sequencing found a known FYCO1 mutation (c.2206C>T; p.Gln736Term) in autosomal recessive mode in families with CC. Co-segregation analysis showed affected individuals as homozygous and carriers as heterozygous for the mutation and the unaffected as wild-type. Bioinformatics tools uncovered the loss of the Znf domain and structural compactness of the mutant protein. In conclusion, a previously reported nonsense mutation was identified in four consanguineous families with CC. Structural analysis predicted the protein as disordered and coordinated with other structural proteins. The autophagy process was found to be significant for the development of the lens and maintenance of its transparency. The identification of these markers expands the scientific knowledge of CC; the future goal should be to understand the mechanism of disease severity. Ascertaining the genetic etiology of CC in a family member facilitates establishing a molecular diagnosis, unlocks the prospect of prenatal diagnosis in pregnancies, and guides the successive generations by genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.B.G.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Zaira Rehman
- Department of Pathology, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi 75190, Pakistan;
| | - Rubina Dad
- Structure Biology Research Centre, Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Abdullah Alsrhani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.B.G.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Muhammad Shakil
- Department of Biochemistry, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Heba Bassiony Ghanem
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.B.G.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Ayman Ali Mohammed Alameen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.B.G.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohamed Farouk Elsadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lienda Bashier Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sajjad Ullah
- University Institute of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54600, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Atif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.B.G.); (A.A.M.A.); (M.A.)
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14
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Chan HW, Van den Broeck F, Cools A, Walraedt S, Joniau I, Verdin H, Balikova I, Van Nuffel S, Delbeke P, De Baere E, Leroy BP, Nerinckx F. Paediatric cataract surgery with 27G vitrectomy instrumentation: the Ghent University Hospital Experience. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1197984. [PMID: 37601772 PMCID: PMC10435324 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1197984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe a cohort of paediatric patients who underwent unilateral or bilateral lens extractions at Ghent University hospital using the Dutch Ophthalmic Research Center (D.O.R.C.) ultra-short 27G vitrectomy system. Methods Retrospective analysis of the medical and surgical records of all children that underwent lens extraction between September 2016 and September 2020 using the D.O.R.C. ultra-short 27G vitrectomy system. Results Seventy-two eyes of 52 patients were included. The most important aetiologies in this study were of secondary (25.5%), developmental (13.7%), or genetic (13.7%) nature. No definitive cause could be established in more than a quarter of cases (27.5%) despite extensive work-up, them being deemed idiopathic. The remainder of cases (19.6%) was not assigned a final aetiologic designation at the time of the study due to contradicting or missing diagnostic data. This study could not identify any cataract cases related to infection or trauma. Surgical complications rate was 61.1% of which posterior capsule opacification was the most frequent with a rate of 25%. A significant short-term postoperative best-corrected visual acuity gain (≤ -0.2 LogMAR) was observed in 60.5% of eyes for which usable acuity data were available (n = 38). Conclusion Many different instruments and techniques have been described and used in the context of paediatric lens extractions, each with its advantages and disadvantages. This study illustrates that an ultra-short 27G vitrectomy system can be used to perform paediatric lens extractions with good surgical outcomes. Further studies and comparative trials are needed to ascertain this further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei Wuen Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Filip Van den Broeck
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Axelle Cools
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Walraedt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Joniau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Verdin
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irina Balikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart P. Leroy
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fanny Nerinckx
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Basharat R, Rodenburg K, Rodríguez-Hidalgo M, Jarral A, Ullah E, Corominas J, Gilissen C, Zehra ST, Hameed U, Ansar M, de Bruijn SE. Combined Single Gene Testing and Genome Sequencing as an Effective Diagnostic Approach for Anophthalmia and Microphthalmia Patients. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1573. [PMID: 37628625 PMCID: PMC10454697 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M) are among the most severe congenital developmental eye disorders. Despite the advancements in genome screening technologies, more than half of A/M patients do not receive a molecular diagnosis. We included seven consanguineous families affected with A/M from Pakistani cohort and an unknown molecular basis. Single gene testing of FOXE3 was performed, followed by genome sequencing for unsolved probands in order to establish a genetic diagnosis for these families. All seven families were provided with a genetic diagnosis. The identified variants were all homozygous, classified as (likely) pathogenic and present in an A/M-associated gene. Targeted FOXE3 sequencing revealed two previously reported pathogenic FOXE3 variants in four families. In the remaining families, genome sequencing revealed a known pathogenic PXDN variant, a novel 13bp deletion in VSX2, and one novel deep intronic splice variant in PXDN. An in vitro splice assay was performed for the PXDN splice variant which revealed a severe splicing defect. Our study confirmed the utility of genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool for A/M-affected individuals. Furthermore, the identification of a novel deep intronic pathogenic variant in PXDN highlights the role of non-coding variants in A/M-disorders and the value of genome sequencing for the identification of this type of variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Basharat
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Rodenburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - María Rodríguez-Hidalgo
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Afeefa Jarral
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, AJK, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jordi Corominas
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Syeda Tatheer Zehra
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Usman Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Suzanne E. de Bruijn
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lenassi E, Carvalho A, Thormann A, Abrahams L, Arno G, Fletcher T, Hardcastle C, Lopez J, Hunt SE, Short P, Sergouniotis PI, Michaelides M, Webster A, Cunningham F, Ramsden SC, Kasperaviciute D, Fitzpatrick DR, Black GC, Ellingford JM. EyeG2P: an automated variant filtering approach improves efficiency of diagnostic genomic testing for inherited ophthalmic disorders. J Med Genet 2023; 60:810-818. [PMID: 36669873 PMCID: PMC10423522 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic variant prioritisation is one of the most significant bottlenecks to mainstream genomic testing in healthcare. Tools to improve precision while ensuring high recall are critical to successful mainstream clinical genomic testing, in particular for whole genome sequencing where millions of variants must be considered for each patient. METHODS We developed EyeG2P, a publicly available database and web application using the Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor. EyeG2P is tailored for efficient variant prioritisation for individuals with inherited ophthalmic conditions. We assessed the sensitivity of EyeG2P in 1234 individuals with a broad range of eye conditions who had previously received a confirmed molecular diagnosis through routine genomic diagnostic approaches. For a prospective cohort of 83 individuals, we assessed the precision of EyeG2P in comparison with routine diagnostic approaches. For 10 additional individuals, we assessed the utility of EyeG2P for whole genome analysis. RESULTS EyeG2P had 99.5% sensitivity for genomic variants previously identified as clinically relevant through routine diagnostic analysis (n=1234 individuals). Prospectively, EyeG2P enabled a significant increase in precision (35% on average) in comparison with routine testing strategies (p<0.001). We demonstrate that incorporation of EyeG2P into whole genome sequencing analysis strategies can reduce the number of variants for analysis to six variants, on average, while maintaining high diagnostic yield. CONCLUSION Automated filtering of genomic variants through EyeG2P can increase the efficiency of diagnostic testing for individuals with a broad range of inherited ophthalmic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lenassi
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana Carvalho
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Genetic Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anja Thormann
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gavin Arno
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tracy Fletcher
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Hardcastle
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Hunt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Panagiotis I Sergouniotis
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Fiona Cunningham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon C Ramsden
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David R Fitzpatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graeme C Black
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Genomics England Ltd, London, UK
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Villalba MF, Li CM, Pakravan P, Bademci G, Chang TCP. Commercial Gene Panels for Congenital Anterior Segment Anomalies: Are They All the Same? Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 251:90-103. [PMID: 36906093 PMCID: PMC10247492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared next generation sequencing multigene panels (NGS-MGP) from 5 commercial laboratories to inform ophthalmologists' decision making in diagnostic genetic testing for congenital anterior segment anomalies (CASAs). DESIGN Comparison of commercial genetic testing panels. METHODS This observational study gathered publicly available information on NGS-MGP from 5 commercial laboratories for the following: cataracts, glaucoma, anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), microphthalmia-anophthalmia-coloboma (MAC), corneal dystrophies, and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS). We compared gene panel composition, consensus rate (genes covered by all the panels per condition, "concurrent"), dissensus rate (genes covered by only 1 panel per condition, "standalone"), and intronic variant coverage. For individual genes, we compared publication history and association with systemic conditions. RESULTS Altogether, cataract, glaucoma, corneal dystrophies, MAC, ASD, and ARS panels tested 239, 60, 36, 292, and 10 discrete genes, respectively. The consensus rate varied between 16% and 50%, and the dissensus rate varied between 14% and 74%. After pooling concurrent genes from all conditions, 20% of these genes were concurrent in 2 or more conditions. For both cataract and glaucoma, concurrent genes had significantly stronger correlation with the condition than standalone genes. CONCLUSIONS The genetic testing of CASAs using NGS-MGPs is complicated, owing to their number, variety, and phenotypic and genetic overlap. Although the inclusion of additional genes, such as the standalone ones, might increase diagnostic yield, these genes are also less well studied, indicating uncertainty over their role in CASA pathogenesis. Rigorous prospective diagnostic yield studies of NGS-MGPs will aid in making decisions of panel selection for the diagnosis of CASAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Villalba
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (M.F.V., T.C.P.C.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; John P. Hussmann Institute for Human Genomics (M.F.V., G.B.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (M.F.V., C.M.L., P.P.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Chris Michael Li
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (M.F.V., C.M.L., P.P.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Parastou Pakravan
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine (M.F.V., C.M.L., P.P.), Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Guney Bademci
- John P. Hussmann Institute for Human Genomics (M.F.V., G.B.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Human Genetics (G.B.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ta Chen Peter Chang
- From the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (M.F.V., T.C.P.C.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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18
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Neuhann TM, Neuhann L. [Human genetic diagnostics in hereditary eye diseases : What does the ophthalmologist need to know]. DIE OPHTHALMOLOGIE 2023:10.1007/s00347-023-01878-6. [PMID: 37266672 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-023-01878-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary eye disorders can affect all ocular structures and can be accompanied by structural malformations (e.g. coloboma) or functional disorders (e.g. retinal dystrophy). Ocular phenotypes can also be the presenting symptom of many complex syndromic disorders. The majority of hereditary eye disorders are extremely heterogeneous but can be routinely diagnosed by modern high-throughput sequencing technologies. Molecular testing is highly important not only in in the evaluation of differential diagnoses but is also of increasing relevance due to individual treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Neuhann
- MGZ - Medizinisch genetisches Zentrum, Bayerstr. 3-5, 80335, München, Deutschland.
| | - Lukas Neuhann
- MVZ Prof. Neuhann, Helene-Weber-Allee 19, 80637, München, Deutschland
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19
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KAPLAN AT. Bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited articles on congenital cataracts. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1213922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim
It was aimed to present a summary of the articles published between 1980-2022 on congenital cataract, to identify the 100 most cited articles in the field, to analyze the most active journals and the development in countries by years.
Material and Method
Search was made using keywords “Congenital Cataract”, “OR: Pediatric Cataract”, “OR: Infantile Cataract”, “AND: 1980-2022 (Year Published)”, “AND: English (Language)” in Web of Science (WOS) database via Boolean operators (Access Date: 01.11.2022). Bibliometric analyzes were made using VOSviewer (ver.1.6.18), statistical analyzes were made using rstudio (ver.2022.02.1), other analyzes were made using Microsoft Excel.
Results
In the bibliometric analysis, 1383 articles were included between the dates determined. Over the past few decades, the total number of publications on congenital cataracts continually increased from 2 in 1980 to 68 in 2022 November. The most productive year was 2021 (n=93), while the most cited year was 2004 (1,184 citations, 32 publications). The most studied WOS categories were ophthalmology (n=900), pediatrics (183) and genetics (167). The most widely used keywords were congenital cataract (n=235), cataract (n=124) and pediatric cataract (n=75). The most cited paper in congenital cataract was “Pax6 gene dosage effect in a family with congenital cataracts, aniridia, anophthalmia and central-nervous-system defects”, which was published in Nature Genetics in 1994 and cited 562 times (impact factor: 8.78). In ophthalmology journals, the most cited article was published in Survey of Ophthalmology (267 times, 1996) and the Molecular Vision was the most attractive journal with 104 publications. The United States of America, England and Peoples R China had the highest total link strength (TLS), 226 (10,325 citations), 134 (3,621 citations) and 73 (3,871 citations), respectively.
Conclusion
These findings provide useful information on the status and trends of current clinical research on congenital cataracts. Our study can be used to identify areas of study and standard bibliographic references for better diagnosis and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşin Tuba KAPLAN
- UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, İSTANBUL KARTAL DR. LÜTFİ KIRDAR HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER, DEPARTMENT OF SURGICAL MEDICAL SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
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20
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Systemic and ocular associations in pediatric patients undergoing cataract surgery. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:241-246. [PMID: 35969326 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-022-05802-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation for systemic diagnosis is an important part of pediatric cataract management. While there are reports on associated systemic and ocular associations in children with infantile cataracts, reports specifying associations in large cohorts of children undergoing cataract surgery are lacking. METHODS Retrospective chart review of consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery at a pediatric tertiary referral center during 30-year period was performed. Associated systemic and ocular associations were recorded. The etiologies were analyzed depending on laterality, age, and gender. RESULTS Seven-hundred twenty-seven patients (1135 eyes) were included for analysis: 408 (56%) with bilateral and 319 (44%) with unilateral cataract. An identifiable cause for cataract was identified in 66% (270/408) bilateral and 55% (176/319) unilateral cataract patients. Hereditary cataract accounted for 22% of bilateral cataracts. An underlying syndrome or genetic diagnosis was found in 24% bilateral (97/408, 86 genetic/syndromic, 11 metabolic) but only in 2% of unilateral cases (5/319). Cataracts were the result of treatment for cancer, or other systemic conditions requiring steroids, in 60/408 bilateral (15%) and 15/319 (5%) unilateral cataract patients. In contrast, unilateral cataracts had higher ocular associations (49%, 156/319) than bilateral cataracts (6%, 23/408) primarily ocular trauma (20%, 64/319) and persistent fetal vasculature (20%, 62/319). CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of potential systemic and ocular associations among children with visually significant cataracts. Those with no family history of juvenile cataract should be evaluated for systemic associations, and referral to genetics may be warranted in select cases.
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Jiao X, Viswanathan M, Bobrova NF, Romanova TV, Hejtmancik JF. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Ukrainian Families with Congenital Cataracts. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:51. [PMID: 36670602 PMCID: PMC9856374 DOI: 10.3390/children10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to identify the pathogenic variants in five Ukrainian families with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts. Cataracts can be defined broadly as any opacity of the crystalline lens. Lens development is orchestrated by transcription factors. Disease-causing variants in transcription factors and their developmental target genes, including the lens crystallins, are associated with congenital cataracts and other eye diseases. Whole-exome sequencing identified heterozygous disease-causing variants in five Ukrainian families with autosomal dominant congenital cataracts and cosegregation with cataracts was confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Family 97001 showed a missense variant (c.341T>A: p.L114Q) in HSF4; family 97003 showed a missense variant (c.53A>T: p.N18I) in CRYGA; family 97004 showed a missense variant (c. 82G>A: p.V28M) in GJA3; family 97006 showed a missense variant (c.83C>T: p. P28L) in CRYGC; and family 97008 showed a single-base insertion resulting in a frameshift (c.443_444insA: p. Met148IfsTer51) in PAX6. All five families are associated with congenital cataracts. Overall, we report four novel mutations in HSF4, CRYGA, CRYGC and PAX6, and one previously reported mutation in GJA3 that cause autosomal dominant congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mariia Viswanathan
- Vision Care Readiness Section, Vision Center of Excellence, Defense Health Agency Research and Engineering, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Nadiia Fedorivna Bobrova
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmic Pathology, State Institution “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of The National Academy of Medical Sciences of Odessa, Ukraine”, 65000 Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Tatiana Viktorivna Romanova
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmic Pathology, State Institution “The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy of The National Academy of Medical Sciences of Odessa, Ukraine”, 65000 Odessa, Ukraine
| | - J. Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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22
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Jones JL, Burdon KP. Evaluating gap junction variants for a role in pediatric cataract: an overview of the genetic landscape and clinical classification of variants in the GJA3 and GJA8 genes. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2023.2160320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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23
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Whole-Exome Sequencing and Copy Number Analysis in a Patient with Warburg Micro Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122364. [PMID: 36553631 PMCID: PMC9777746 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Warburg Micro syndrome (WARBM) is an autosomal recessive neuro-ophthalmologic syndrome characterized by microcephaly, microphthalmia, congenital cataracts, cortical dysplasia, corpus callosum hypoplasia, spasticity, and hypogonadism. WARBM is divided into four subtypes according to the causative genes, of which RAB3GAP1 (OMIM# 602536) accounts for the highest proportion. We collected detailed medical records and performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) for a congenital cataract patient. A novel heterozygous frameshift RAB3GAP1 variant was detected in a boy with a rare ocular phenotype of bilateral membranous cataracts accompanied by a persistent papillary membrane. Further copy number variation (CNV) analysis identified a novel deletion on chromosome 2q21.3 that removed 4 of the 24 exons of RAB3GAP1. The patient was diagnosed with WARBM following genetic testing. The present study expands the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of WARBM. It suggests applying whole exome sequencing (WES) and CNV analysis for the early diagnosis of syndromic diseases in children with congenital cataracts.
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24
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Villalba MF, Grajewski AL, Tekin M, Bademci G, Chang TC. Diagnostic yield of next generation sequencing gene panel assays for early-onset glaucoma in an ethnically diverse population. J AAPOS 2022; 26:302.e1-302.e6. [PMID: 36343799 PMCID: PMC9772253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2022.08.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset glaucoma is a potentially sight-threatening condition with high heritability. Next generation sequencing is a cost-effective alternative to individual gene screening that could expedite its diagnosis. However, the diagnostic yield of multigene panel assays for early-onset glaucoma varies according to the tested population. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the diagnostic yield of next generation sequencing panels in our cohort and to identify population characteristics that increase such yield. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of consecutive patients from November 2016 to August 2021 who were evaluated at our clinics for early-onset glaucoma and had undergone next generation sequencing panels for molecular diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 118 patients were included, in 22 of whom (19%) a causative variant was identified. Diagnostic yield varied by age of onset: of 60 patients with onset at <3 years of age, 19 (32%) had such variants identified. In contrast, of 58 patients with later-onset glaucoma, 3 (5%) had said variants identified (P = 0.0003). Other metrics that increased diagnostic yield were presence of additional ocular anomalies (P = 0.0092) and identifying ethnicity as White (compared with non-White, P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In childhood glaucoma, earlier age of onset is correlated with higher likelihood of pathogenic variant identification. The large proportion of unsolved cases indicates a robust opportunity for gene discovery and genetic therapy targets in early-onset glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernanda Villalba
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; John P. Hussmann Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alana L Grajewski
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mustafa Tekin
- John P. Hussmann Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Guney Bademci
- John P. Hussmann Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ta C Chang
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
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25
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Wang Q, Qin T, Tan H, Ding X, Lin X, Li J, Lin Z, Sun L, Lin H, Chen W. Broadening the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of MAF in three Chinese Han congenital cataracts families. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2888-2898. [PMID: 36097645 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the v-maf avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homologue (MAF) encoding a transcription factor (from a unique subclass of basic leucine zipper transcription factors) are associated with isolated congenital cataracts (CCs) and Aymé-Gripp syndrome (AYGRPS). We collected detailed disease histories from, and performed comprehensive ophthalmic and systemic examinations in 269 patients with CCs; we then performed whole-exome sequencing. Pathogenicity assessments were evaluated using multiple predictive tools. The clinical validities of the reported gene-disease relationships for MAF genes (MAF-CCs and MAF-AYGRPS) were assessed using the ClinGen gene curation framework. We identified two novel (c.173C>A, p.Thr58Asn and c.947T>C, p. Leu316Pro) variants and one known (c.173C>T, p.Thr58Ile) MAF missense variant in three patients. We described novel phenotypes including cleft palate, macular hypoplasia, and retinal neovascularization in the peripheral avascular area and analyzed the genotype-phenotype correlations. We demonstrated associations of variants in the MAF C-terminal DNA-binding domain with CCs and associations of variants in the N-terminal transactivation domain of MAF with AYGRPS. We thus expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of the MAF gene. The ClinGen gene curation framework results suggested that variants in different domains of MAF are associated with different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingfeng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuolin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weirong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
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Seo Y, Kim TY, Won D, Shin S, Choi JR, Lee ST, Lee BJ, Lim HT, Han SH, Han J. Genetic spectrum and characteristics of autosomal optic neuropathy in Korean: Use of next-generation sequencing in suspected hereditary optic atrophy. Front Neurol 2022; 13:978532. [PMID: 36071901 PMCID: PMC9441910 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.978532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AimsTo evaluate the clinical characteristics and causative genetic variants in autosomal optic atrophy diagnosed using next-generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsA cohort of 57 unrelated families affected with bilateral optic atrophy were recruited from two university-based tertiary referral hospitals from May 2016 to April 2022. Genetic variants were detected using a target enrichment panel consisting of 429 or 595 genes and known deep intronic variants associated with inherited eye diseases, exome sequencing, or genome sequencing. The results of detailed clinical examinations, disease-causing variants, and clinical diagnoses were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 57 probands, 33 (57.9%) were men, and the median age at genetic testing was 19.1 years (interquartile range, 7.6–42.5 years). We identified 22 likely causative variants in 18 families and corresponding diagnostic yields of 31.6% (95% confidence interval, 21.0–44.5%). The diagnostic rate of NGS was higher in patients with infantile or early childhood onset optic atrophy than in those with late-onset or unknown optic atrophy (18/39, 46.2% vs. 0/18, 0%, P < 0.001). Among the 22 variants, 15 were novel in our cohort. The OPA1 variants (n = 7) were found to be the major genetic causes, followed by the NR2F1 variant (n = 4). The causative variants in PTPN23, TMEM126A, NBAS, and WFS1 genes were identified in 4 probands with a recessive form of optic atrophy.ConclusionsBased on the results of diagnostic NGS for optic atrophy, the causative variant could be detected in 31.6% of patients. Our study also demonstrated that NGS is unlikely to help identify molecular causes in late-onset unexplained optic atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongju Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Dxome Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Dxome Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, South Korea
| | - Byung Joo Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Taek Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Seoul Orthopia Eye Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sueng-Han Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Sueng-Han Han
| | - Jinu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jinu Han
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EPHA2 biallelic disruption causes syndromic complex microphthalmia with iris hypoplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Peng Y, Zheng Y, Deng Z, Zhang S, Tan Y, Hu Z, Tao L, Luo Y. Case Report: A de novo Variant of CRYGC Gene Associated With Congenital Cataract and Microphthalmia. Front Genet 2022; 13:866246. [PMID: 35719371 PMCID: PMC9198712 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.866246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Congenital cataract is one of the most common causes of blindness in children. A rapid and accurate genetic diagnosis benefit the patients in the pediatric department. The current study aims to identify the genetic defects in a congenital cataract patient without a family history. Case presentation: A congenital cataract patient with microphthalmia and nystagmus was recruited for this study. Trio-based whole-exome sequencing revealed a de novo variant (c.394delG, p.V132Sfs*15) in CRYGC gene. According to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) criteria, the variant could be annontated as pathogenic. Conclusion: Our findings provide new knowledge of the variant spectrum of CRYGC gene and are essential for understanding the heterogeneity of cataracts in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zifeng Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shuju Zhang
- Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yilan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengmao Hu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijuan Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Yulin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
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29
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Liu X, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Fan Z, Duan H, Wang M, Li Z, Xie L. Nicotinamide improves in vitro lens regeneration in a mouse capsular bag model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:198. [PMID: 35550648 PMCID: PMC9102750 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mammalian lens regeneration holds great potential as a cataract therapy. However, the mechanism of mammalian lens regeneration is unclear, and the methods for optimization remain in question.
Methods We developed an in vitro lens regeneration model using mouse capsular bag culture and improved the transparency of the regenerated lens using nicotinamide (NAM). We used D4476 and SSTC3 as a casein kinase 1A inhibitor and agonist, respectively. The expression of lens-specific markers was examined by real-time PCR, immunostaining, and western blotting. The structure of the in vitro regenerated lens was investigated using 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC6) and methylene blue staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and transmission electron microscopy.
Results The in vitro lens regeneration model was developed to mimic the process of in vivo mammalian lens regeneration in a mouse capsular bag culture. In the early stage, the remanent lens epithelial cells proliferated across the posterior capsule and differentiated into lens fiber cells (LFCs). The regenerated lenses appeared opaque after 28 days; however, NAM treatment effectively maintained the transparency of the regenerated lens. We demonstrated that NAM maintained lens epithelial cell survival, promoted the differentiation and regular cellular arrangement of LFCs, and reduced lens-related cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, NAM enhanced the differentiation and transparency of regenerative lenses partly by inhibiting casein kinase 1A activity. Conclusion This study provides a new in vitro model for regeneration study and demonstrates the potential of NAM in in vitro mammalian lens regeneration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02862-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Yusen Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.,Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.,Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao, 26600, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China. .,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China. .,Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, 26600, China.
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30
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Al-Badran RA, Al-Badran AI, Mabudi H, Neissi M, Mohammadi-Asl J. Detection of an FYCO1 nonsense mutation in an affected patient with autosomal recessive cataract (CTRCT18): a case report. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Autosomal recessive cataract (CTRCT18) is a rare type of congenital cataract that develops to complete and lifelong childhood blindness. This inherited disorder is one of the major visual health concerns in infants. Genetic studies discovered that various gene mutations resulted in congenital cataracts. This study reports an 8-month-old affected boy from a consanguineous family with a diagnosis of congenital cataract and a causative genetic abnormality.
Case presentation
In this study, we applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing to identify probable gene defects in an affected patient with a congenital cataract. We found a homozygous disease-causing FYCO1 gene mutation (c.1387 G > T; p.G463X), located in exon 8 (NM_024513), causing a nonsense mutation that has been resulted in the stop codon. Parents are heterozygous for the detected mutation.
Conclusions
Our findings establish that this detected FYCO1 gene mutation is a pathogenic variant causing autosomal recessive cataract.
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31
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Taylor RL, Soriano CS, Williams S, Dzulova D, Ashworth J, Hall G, Gale T, Lloyd IC, Inglehearn CF, Toomes C, Douzgou S, Black GC. Bi-allelic mutation of CTNNB1 causes a severe form of syndromic microphthalmia, persistent foetal vasculature and vitreoretinal dysplasia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:110. [PMID: 35246174 PMCID: PMC8896279 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inherited vitreoretinopathies arise as a consequence of congenital retinal vascularisation abnormalities. They represent a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that can have a major impact on vision. Several genes encoding proteins and effectors of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been associated and precise diagnosis, although difficult, is essential for proper clinical management including syndrome specific management where appropriate. This work aimed to investigate the molecular basis of disease in a single proband born to consanguineous parents, who presented with microphthalmia, persistent foetal vasculature, posterior lens vacuoles, vitreoretinal dysplasia, microcephaly, hypotelorism and global developmental delay, and was registered severely visually impaired by 5 months of age. Methods Extensive genomic pre-screening, including microarray comparative genomic hybridisation and sequencing of a 114 gene panel associated with cataract and congenital ophthalmic disorders was conducted by an accredited clinical laboratory. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was undertaken on a research basis and in vitro TOPflash transcriptional reporter assay was utilised to assess the impact of the putative causal variant.
Results In the proband, WES revealed a novel, likely pathogenic homozygous mutation in the cadherin-associated protein beta-1 gene (CTNNB1), c.884C>G; p.(Ala295Gly), which encodes a co-effector molecule of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The proband’s parents were shown to be heterozygous carriers but ophthalmic examination did not detect any abnormalities. Functional assessment of the missense variant demonstrated significant reduction of β-catenin activity. Conclusions This is the first report of a biallelic disease-causing variation in CTNNB1. We conclude that this biallelic, transcriptional inactivating mutation of CTNNB1 causes a severe, syndromic form of microphthalmia, persistent foetal vasculature and vitreoretinal dysplasia that results in serious visual loss in infancy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02239-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Taylor
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), 6Th Floor St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Carla Sanjuro Soriano
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK.,Inserm, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Williams
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Denisa Dzulova
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Jane Ashworth
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Georgina Hall
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), 6Th Floor St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Theodora Gale
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), 6Th Floor St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - I Christopher Lloyd
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Paediatric Ophthalmology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Chris F Inglehearn
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Carmel Toomes
- Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), 6Th Floor St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Graeme C Black
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre (MAHSC), 6Th Floor St Mary's Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
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32
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Lenhart PD, Lambert SR. Current management of infantile cataracts. Surv Ophthalmol 2022; 67:1476-1505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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A Novel Mutation in CRYGC Mutation Associated with Autosomal Dominant Congenital Cataracts and Microcornea. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2022; 2:100093. [PMID: 36246175 PMCID: PMC9560566 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2021.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Crystallin protein mutations are associated with congenital cataract (CC), and several disease-causing mutations in the CRYGC gene have been identified. We present the location of a new mutation in CRYGC in members of a Chinese family who presented with CCs with or without microcornea. Design Observational study. Participants A Chinese family diagnosed with autosomal dominant (AD) CCs with or without microphthalmia. Methods Because this was an observational study, it was not registered as a clinical trial. The proband and her 2 children were diagnosed with AD CCs and microcornea and were recruited for the study. Participants underwent complete ophthalmological examinations, and blood samples were used for genomic extraction. Main Outcome Measures We detected 1 disease-associated variant using Exomiser analysis by matching the proband’s phenotype and the inheritance pattern. The variant was determined to be pathogenic according to American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Results We detected 1 disease-associated variant using Exomiser analysis by matching the proband’s phenotype and the inheritance pattern. The variant was determined to be pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Next-generation sequencing was verified using Sanger sequencing, and we confirmed that the proband and her children carried the same mutation. We identified the heterozygous variant c.389_390insGCTG (p.C130fs), which includes a frameshift mutation. The residues in p.C130fs are all highly conserved across species. This disease-causing frameshift mutation in the CRYGC gene is not currently present in the ClinVar database. Conclusions Our findings expand the repertoire of known mutations in the CRYGC gene that cause CCs and provide new insights into the etiology and molecular diagnosis of CCs; however, the molecular mechanism of this mutation warrants further investigation.
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34
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Kerkeni N, Kharrat M, Maazoul F, Boudabous H, M’rad R, Trabelsi M. Novel RAB3GAP1 Mutation in the First Tunisian Family With Warburg Micro Syndrome. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:214-222. [PMID: 35196747 PMCID: PMC8926778 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.2.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Kerkeni
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maher Kharrat
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Maazoul
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Boudabous
- Department of Paediatrics, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha M’rad
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mediha Trabelsi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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35
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Moon D, Park HW, Surl D, Won D, Lee ST, Shin S, Choi JR, Han J. Precision Medicine through Next-Generation Sequencing in Inherited Eye Diseases in a Korean Cohort. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010027. [PMID: 35052368 PMCID: PMC8774510 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated medically or surgically actionable genes in inherited eye disease, based on clinical phenotype and genomic data. This retrospective consecutive case series included 149 patients with inherited eye diseases, seen by a single pediatric ophthalmologist, who underwent genetic testing between 1 March 2017 and 28 February 2018. Variants were detected using a target enrichment panel of 429 genes and known deep intronic variants associated with inherited eye disease. Among 149 patients, 38 (25.5%) had a family history, and this cohort includes heterogeneous phenotype including anterior segment dysgenesis, congenital cataract, infantile nystagmus syndrome, optic atrophy, and retinal dystrophy. Overall, 90 patients (60.4%) received a definite molecular diagnosis. Overall, NGS-guided precision care was provided to 8 patients (5.4%). The precision care included cryotherapy to prevent retinal detachment in COL2A1 Stickler syndrome, osteoporosis management in patients with LRP5-associated familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, and avoidance of unnecessary phlebotomy in hyperferritinemia-cataract syndrome. A revision of the initial clinical diagnosis was made in 22 patients (14.8%). Unexpected multi-gene deletions and dual diagnosis were noted in 4 patients (2.7%). We found that precision medical or surgical managements were provided for 8 of 149 patients (5.4%), and multiple locus variants were found in 2.7% of cases. These findings are important because individualized management of inherited eye diseases can be achieved through genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Moon
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Hye Won Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Dongheon Surl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Dongju Won
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.W.); (S.-T.L.); (S.S.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Seung-Tae Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.W.); (S.-T.L.); (S.S.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Saeam Shin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.W.); (S.-T.L.); (S.S.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Jong Rak Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.W.); (S.-T.L.); (S.S.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Jinu Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3445; Fax: +82-2-3463-1049
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36
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Behandlung der kongenitalen und frühkindlichen Katarakt. SPEKTRUM DER AUGENHEILKUNDE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00717-021-00511-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Pandey B, Belnap N, Balak C, Huentelman M, Ramsey K, Narayanan V, Plotnik J. Progressive bilateral nuclear cataracts associated with cerebellar-facial-dental syndrome: case report, literature review, and identification of a new genetic variant. J AAPOS 2021; 25:370-373. [PMID: 34628026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar-facial-dental syndrome (CFDS) is a newly described autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by mutations in the BRF1 gene. CFDS is clinically associated with dysmorphic facial features and cerebellar hypoplasia. We report visually significant progressive bilateral nuclear cataracts in a child with CFDS and identify a new causative genetic variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Pandey
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Newell Belnap
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Chris Balak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Matt Huentelman
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Neurogenomics Division, Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - James Plotnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona.
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38
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Rowlands C, Thomas HB, Lord J, Wai HA, Arno G, Beaman G, Sergouniotis P, Gomes-Silva B, Campbell C, Gossan N, Hardcastle C, Webb K, O'Callaghan C, Hirst RA, Ramsden S, Jones E, Clayton-Smith J, Webster AR, Douglas AGL, O'Keefe RT, Newman WG, Baralle D, Black GCM, Ellingford JM. Comparison of in silico strategies to prioritize rare genomic variants impacting RNA splicing for the diagnosis of genomic disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20607. [PMID: 34663891 PMCID: PMC8523691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of computational methods to assess pathogenicity of pre-messenger RNA splicing variants is critical for diagnosis of human disease. We assessed the capability of eight algorithms, and a consensus approach, to prioritize 249 variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) that underwent splicing functional analyses. The capability of algorithms to differentiate VUSs away from the immediate splice site as being 'pathogenic' or 'benign' is likely to have substantial impact on diagnostic testing. We show that SpliceAI is the best single strategy in this regard, but that combined usage of tools using a weighted approach can increase accuracy further. We incorporated prioritization strategies alongside diagnostic testing for rare disorders. We show that 15% of 2783 referred individuals carry rare variants expected to impact splicing that were not initially identified as 'pathogenic' or 'likely pathogenic'; one in five of these cases could lead to new or refined diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Rowlands
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Huw B Thomas
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jenny Lord
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Htoo A Wai
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Gavin Arno
- Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Glenda Beaman
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Panagiotis Sergouniotis
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Beatriz Gomes-Silva
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Campbell
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicole Gossan
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Hardcastle
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin Webb
- Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital & NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, RKCSB, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Simon Ramsden
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew R Webster
- Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew G L Douglas
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Raymond T O'Keefe
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - William G Newman
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Diana Baralle
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Graeme C M Black
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- North West Genomic Laboratory Hub, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience and Mental Health Domain, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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39
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Prominent and Regressive Brain Developmental Disorders Associated with Nance-Horan Syndrome. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11091150. [PMID: 34573171 PMCID: PMC8465299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nance-Horan syndrome (NHS) is a rare X-linked developmental disorder caused mainly by loss of function variants in the NHS gene. NHS is characterized by congenital cataracts, dental anomalies, and distinctive facial features, and a proportion of the affected individuals also present intellectual disability and congenital cardiopathies. Despite identification of at least 40 distinct hemizygous variants leading to NHS, genotype-phenotype correlations remain largely elusive. In this study, we describe a Sicilian family affected with congenital cataracts and dental anomalies and diagnosed with NHS by whole-exome sequencing (WES). The affected boy from this family presented a late regression of cognitive, motor, language, and adaptive skills, as well as broad behavioral anomalies. Furthermore, brain imaging showed corpus callosum anomalies and periventricular leukoencephalopathy. We expand the phenotypic and mutational NHS spectrum and review potential disease mechanisms underlying the central neurological anomalies and the potential neurodevelopmental features associated with NHS.
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40
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Jeyabalan N. Commentary: Deciphering the association of intronic single-nucleotide polymorphisms of crystallin gene family with congenital cataract. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2071. [PMID: 34304180 PMCID: PMC8482905 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_733_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nallathambi Jeyabalan
- GROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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41
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Jones JL, Corbett MA, Yeaman E, Zhao D, Gecz J, Gasperini RJ, Charlesworth JC, Mackey DA, Elder JE, Craig JE, Burdon KP. A 127 kb truncating deletion of PGRMC1 is a novel cause of X-linked isolated paediatric cataract. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:1206-1215. [PMID: 33867527 PMCID: PMC8385038 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00889-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited paediatric cataract is a rare Mendelian disease that results in visual impairment or blindness due to a clouding of the eye's crystalline lens. Here we report an Australian family with isolated paediatric cataract, which we had previously mapped to Xq24. Linkage at Xq24-25 (LOD = 2.53) was confirmed, and the region refined with a denser marker map. In addition, two autosomal regions with suggestive evidence of linkage were observed. A segregating 127 kb deletion (chrX:g.118373226_118500408del) in the Xq24-25 linkage region was identified from whole-genome sequencing data. This deletion completely removed a commonly deleted long non-coding RNA gene LOC101928336 and truncated the protein coding progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) gene following exon 1. A literature search revealed a report of two unrelated males with non-syndromic intellectual disability, as well as congenital cataract, who had contiguous gene deletions that accounted for their intellectual disability but also disrupted the PGRMC1 gene. A morpholino-induced pgrmc1 knockdown in a zebrafish model produced significant cataract formation, supporting a role for PGRMC1 in lens development and cataract formation. We hypothesise that the loss of PGRMC1 causes cataract through disrupted PGRMC1-CYP51A1 protein-protein interactions and altered cholesterol biosynthesis. The cause of paediatric cataract in this family is the truncating deletion of PGRMC1, which we report as a novel cataract gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Jones
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Mark A. Corbett
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Elise Yeaman
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Duran Zhao
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Jozef Gecz
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Medical School, Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Robert J. Gasperini
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XSchool of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Jac C. Charlesworth
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - David A. Mackey
- grid.1489.40000 0000 8737 8161Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA Australia
| | - James E. Elder
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XDepartment of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Jamie E. Craig
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA Australia
| | - Kathryn P. Burdon
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia ,grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA Australia
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42
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Burdon KP. The utility of genomic testing in the ophthalmology clinic: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 49:615-625. [PMID: 34231298 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genomic testing assesses many genes in one test. It is often used in the diagnosis of heterogeneous single gene disorders where pathogenic variation in one of many genes are known to cause similar phenotypes, or where a clinical diagnosis is difficult to reach. In the ophthalmic setting, genomic testing can be used to diagnose several groups of diseases, including inherited retinal dystrophies, paediatric cataract, glaucoma and anterior segment dysgenesis and other syndromic developmental disorders with eye involvement. The testing can encompass several modalities ranging from whole genome sequencing to exome sequencing or targeted gene panels. The advantages to the patient of receiving a molecular diagnosis include an end to the diagnostic odyssey, determination of prognosis and clarification of treatment, access to accurate genetic counselling, and confirming eligibility for clinical trials or genetic specific therapies. Genomic testing is a powerful addition to the diagnosis and management of inherited eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn P Burdon
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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43
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De Rose DU, Gallini F, Battaglia DI, Tiberi E, Gaudino S, Contaldo I, Veredice C, Romeo DM, Massimi L, Asaro A, Cereda C, Vento G, Mercuri EM. A novel homozygous variant in JAM3 gene causing hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and congenital cataracts (HDBSCC) with neonatal onset. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4759-4765. [PMID: 34292449 PMCID: PMC8295029 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background JAM3 gene, located on human chromosome 11q25, encodes a member of the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family. Mutations of this gene are associated with hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and congenital cataracts (HDBSCC). Case report Herein, we present a newborn male with a prenatal suspicion of bilateral cataracts but without fetal ultrasound findings of cortical malformations. He was postnatally diagnosed with a clinical picture of HDBSCC and Early-onset Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy (DEE), associated to a homozygous variant of JAM3 gene. Conclusion Identification of this variant in affected individuals has implications for perinatal and postnatal management and genetic counseling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported of a child with a JAM3 variant in Italy, from a different ethnic background than the other reported children until now (Saudi Arabian, Turkish, Afghani, and Moroccan origin). JAM3 screening could be requested in prenatal diagnosis of fetal congenital cataracts and included in Next-Generation DNA Sequencing panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Umberto De Rose
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Medical and Surgical Department of Fetus - Newborn - Infant, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gallini
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenica Immacolata Battaglia
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eloisa Tiberi
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gaudino
- Radiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiotherapy, Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Contaldo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Veredice
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Marco Romeo
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Massimi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Asaro
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Neonatal Screening and Metabolic Disorders Unit, Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vento
- Neonatology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Maria Mercuri
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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44
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Aprahamian R, Yammine T, Salem N, Souaid M, Mansour H, Farra C. Identification of a novel nonsense variant in FYCO1 gene associated with infantile cataract and cortical atrophy. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:744-746. [PMID: 34282983 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1955277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cataract is a major condition characterized by ocular lens opacification, resulting from alteration in the lens architecture, lens proteins or both. It is responsible for about one-third of infants' blindness worldwide. Variants in the FYCO1 gene have been associated with autosomal recessive infantile cataract. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) in a nine months old male patient who was referred for genetic investigation because of infantile cataract. WES analysis revealed the presence of a homozygous pathogenic variant (c.2365C>T) in exon 8 of the FYCO1 gene. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION This is the first report on a Lebanese infant with infantile cataract and cortical atrophy which was not previously reported, resulting from a novel homozygous FYCO1 variant; thus expanding the clinical phenotypic spectrum of FYCO1 involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Yammine
- Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - N Salem
- Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M Souaid
- Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - H Mansour
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint George Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - C Farra
- Genetics Unit, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Medical Genetics Department, Hotel Dieu de France, Beirut, Lebanon
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45
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Rechsteiner D, Issler L, Koller S, Lang E, Bähr L, Feil S, Rüegger CM, Kottke R, Toelle SP, Zweifel N, Steindl K, Joset P, Zweier M, Suter AA, Gogoll L, Haas C, Berger W, Gerth-Kahlert C. Genetic Analysis in a Swiss Cohort of Bilateral Congenital Cataract. JAMA Ophthalmol 2021; 139:691-700. [PMID: 34014271 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Importance Identification of geographic population-based differences in genotype and phenotype heterogeneity are important for targeted and patient-specific diagnosis and treatment, counseling, and screening strategies. Objective To report disease-causing variants and their detailed phenotype in patients with bilateral congenital cataract from a single center in Switzerland and thereby draw a genetic map and perform a genotype-phenotype comparison of this cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This clinical and molecular-genetic cohort study took place through the collaboration of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Hospital Zurich and the Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland. Thirty-seven patients from 25 families with different types of bilateral congenital cataract were included. All participating family members received a comprehensive eye examination. Whole exome sequencing was performed in the index patients, followed by a filtering process to detect possible disease-associated variants in genes previously described in association with congenital cataract. Probable disease-causing variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing in available family members. All data were collected from January 2018 to June 2020, and the molecular-genetic analyses were performed from January 2019 to July 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures Identification of the underlying genetic causes of bilateral congenital cataract, including novel disease-causing variants and phenotype correlation. Results Among the 37 patients (18 [49%] male and 19 [51%] female; mean [SD] age, 17.3 [15.9] years) from 25 families, pathogenic variants were detected in 20 families (80% detection rate), which included 13 novel variants in the following genes: BCOR, COL4A1, CRYBA2, CRYBB2, CRYGC, CRYGS, GJA3, MAF, NHS, and WFS1. Putative disease-causing variants were identified in 14 of 20 families (70%) as isolated cases and in 6 of 20 families (30%) with syndromic cases. A recessive variant in the CRYBB2 gene in a consanguineous family with 2 affected siblings showing a nuclear and sutural cataract was reported in contrast to previously published reports. In addition, the effect on splicing in a minigene assay of a novel splice site variant in the NHS gene (c.[719-2A>G]) supported the pathogenicity of this variant. Conclusions and Relevance This study emphasizes the importance of genetic testing of congenital cataracts. Known dominant genes need to be considered for recessive inheritance patterns. Syndromic types of cataract may be underdiagnosed in patients with mild systemic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Rechsteiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Issler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Elena Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Silke Feil
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christoph M Rüegger
- Newborn Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra P Toelle
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Noëmi Zweifel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Steindl
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Joset
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Zweier
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aude-Annick Suter
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Gogoll
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Haas
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Gerth-Kahlert
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Kessel L, Bach-Holm D, Al-Bakri M, Roos L, Lund A, Grønskov K. Genetic disease is a common cause of bilateral childhood cataract in Denmark. Ophthalmic Genet 2021; 42:650-658. [PMID: 34169787 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2021.1941128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Bilateral childhood cataracts can be caused by a metabolic disease, constitute a part of a syndrome, run in families, be sporadic or iatrogenic. The amount of work-up needed to establish a cause is discussed and the aim of the present study was to evaluate causes of bilateral childhood cataract.Methods: Chart review of 211 Danish children with bilateral cataracts. Information on work-up was retrieved with special focus on general health, metabolic screening, evaluation for congenital infections and genetic testing.Results: Cataract was seen in combination with systemic disease in 40.8%, 29.4% had hereditary cataracts, 27.0% had isolated cataract, in 1.4% it was associated with ocular malformations and 1.4% had been born prematurely without any other sequelae than the cataract. A genetic cause could be demonstrated in 74 children.Conclusion: Systemic comorbidities are very common in children with cataract and are not always known prior to the diagnosis of cataract. Genetic evaluation, especially targeted analyses, provided a molecular genetic diagnosis in a large proportion of those tested but it also failed to provide a molecular genetic diagnosis in some patients with a family history suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance. Most importantly, in some patients, genetic work-up provided a diagnosis in patients where it had therapeutic consequences and where the systemic disease would have caused irreversible damage, had it not been treated timely. Given the high prevalence of systemic disease, it seems advisable to co-manage children with bilateral cataracts with a pediatrician and to include genetic evaluation as part of the work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Kessel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniella Bach-Holm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moug Al-Bakri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laura Roos
- Departments of Clinical Genetics and Paediatrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Lund
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics and Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Departments of Clinical Genetics and Paediatrics, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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47
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Ma A, Grigg JR, Flaherty M, Smith J, Minoche AE, Cowley MJ, Nash BM, Ho G, Gayagay T, Lai T, Farnsworth E, Hackett EL, Slater K, Wong K, Holman KJ, Jenkins G, Cheng A, Martin F, Brown NJ, Leighton SE, Amor DJ, Goel H, Dinger ME, Bennetts B, Jamieson RV. Genome sequencing in congenital cataracts improves diagnostic yield. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1173-1183. [PMID: 34101287 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Congenital cataracts are one of the major causes of childhood-onset blindness around the world. Genetic diagnosis provides benefits through avoidance of unnecessary tests, surveillance of extraocular features, and genetic family information. In this study, we demonstrate the value of genome sequencing in improving diagnostic yield in congenital cataract patients and families. We applied genome sequencing to investigate 20 probands with congenital cataracts. We examined the added value of genome sequencing across a total cohort of 52 probands, including 14 unable to be diagnosed using previous microarray and exome or panel-based approaches. Although exome or genome sequencing would have detected the variants in 35/52 (67%) of the cases, specific advantages of genome sequencing led to additional diagnoses in 10% (5/52) of the overall cohort, and we achieved an overall diagnostic rate of 77% (40/52). Specific benefits of genome sequencing were due to detection of small copy number variants (2), indels in repetitive regions (2) or single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in GC-rich regions (1), not detectable on the previous microarray, exome sequencing, or panel-based approaches. In other cases, SNVs were identified in cataract disease genes, including those newly identified since our previous study. This study highlights the additional yield of genome sequencing in congenital cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Ma
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialties of Genomic Medicine & Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialty of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maree Flaherty
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialty of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialty of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andre E Minoche
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Nash
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialties of Genomic Medicine & Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gladys Ho
- Specialties of Genomic Medicine & Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thet Gayagay
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tiffany Lai
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Farnsworth
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma L Hackett
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina Slater
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karen Wong
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine J Holman
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gemma Jenkins
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anson Cheng
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialty of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Natasha J Brown
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David J Amor
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Himanshu Goel
- Hunter Genetics, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Specialties of Genomic Medicine & Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Eye Genetics Research Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Save Sight Institute, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Specialties of Genomic Medicine & Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Barashkov NA, Konovalov FA, Borisova TV, Teryutin FM, Solovyev AV, Pshennikova VG, Sapojnikova NV, Vychuzhina LS, Romanov GP, Gotovtsev NN, Morozov IV, Bondar AA, Platonov FA, Burtseva TE, Khusnutdinova EK, Posukh OL, Fedorova SA. Autosomal recessive cataract (CTRCT18) in the Yakut population isolate of Eastern Siberia: a novel founder variant in the FYCO1 gene. Eur J Hum Genet 2021; 29:965-976. [PMID: 33767456 PMCID: PMC8187664 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-021-00833-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital autosomal recessive cataract with unknown genetic etiology is one of the most common Mendelian diseases among the Turkic-speaking Yakut population (Eastern Siberia, Russia). To identify the genetic cause of congenital cataract spread in this population, we performed whole-exome sequencing (Illumina NextSeq 500) in one Yakut family with three affected siblings whose parents had preserved vision. We have revealed the novel homozygous c.1621C>T transition leading to premature stop codon p.(Gln541*) in exon 8 of the FYCO1 gene (NM_024513.4). Subsequent screening of c.1621C>T p.(Gln541*) revealed this variant in a homozygous state in 25 out of 29 Yakut families with congenital cataract (86%). Among 424 healthy individuals from seven populations of Eastern Siberia (Russians, Yakuts, Evenks, Evens, Dolgans, Chukchi, and Yukaghirs), the highest carrier frequency of c.1621C>T p.(Gln541*) was found in the Yakut population (7.9%). DNA samples of 25 homozygous for c.1621C>T p.(Gln541*) patients with congenital cataract and 114 unaffected unrelated individuals without this variant were used for a haplotype analysis based on the genotyping of six STR markers (D3S3512, D3S3685, D3S3582, D3S3561, D3S1289, and D3S3698). The structure of the identified haplotypes indicates a common origin for all of the studied mutant chromosomes bearing c.1621C>T p.(Gln541*). The age of the с.1621C>T p.(Gln541*) founder haplotype was estimated to be approximately 260 ± 65 years (10 generations). These findings characterize Eastern Siberia as the region of the world with the most extensive accumulation of the unique variant c.1621C>T p.(Gln541*) in the FYCO1 gene as a result of the founder effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay A Barashkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Tuyara V Borisova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor M Teryutin
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Aisen V Solovyev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Vera G Pshennikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nadejda V Sapojnikova
- Department of Ophthalmology, Republican Hospital #1 - National Centre of Medicine, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Lyubov S Vychuzhina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Republican Hospital #1 - National Centre of Medicine, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Georgii P Romanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nyurgun N Gotovtsev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Igor V Morozov
- SB RAS Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Bondar
- SB RAS Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Fedor A Platonov
- Medical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana E Burtseva
- Medical Institute, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of the Children Health Monitoring and Medical-environmental Research, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elza K Khusnutdinova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation
- Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Olga L Posukh
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sardana A Fedorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
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Reis LM, Sorokina EA, Dudakova L, Moravikova J, Skalicka P, Malinka F, Seese SE, Thompson S, Bardakjian T, Capasso J, Allen W, Glaser T, Levin AV, Schneider A, Khan A, Liskova P, Semina EV. Comprehensive phenotypic and functional analysis of dominant and recessive FOXE3 alleles in ocular developmental disorders. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1591-1606. [PMID: 34046667 PMCID: PMC8369840 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The forkhead transcription factor FOXE3 is critical for vertebrate eye development. Recessive and dominant variants cause human ocular disease but the full range of phenotypes and mechanisms of action for the two classes of variants are unknown. We identified FOXE3 variants in individuals with congenital eye malformations and carried out in vitro functional analysis on selected alleles. Sixteen new recessive and dominant families, including six novel variants, were identified. Analysis of new and previously reported genetic and clinical data demonstrated a broad phenotypic range with an overlap between recessive and dominant disease. Most families with recessive alleles, composed of truncating and forkhead-domain missense variants, had severe corneal opacity (90%; sclerocornea in 47%), aphakia (83%) and microphthalmia (80%), but some had milder features including isolated cataract. The phenotype was most variable for recessive missense variants, suggesting that the functional consequences may be highly dependent on the type of amino acid substitution and its position. When assessed, aniridia or iris hypoplasia were noted in 89% and optic nerve anomalies in 60% of recessive cases, indicating that these defects are also common and may be underrecognized. In dominant pedigrees, caused by extension variants, normal eye size (96%), cataracts (99%) and variable anterior segment anomalies were seen in most, but some individuals had microphthalmia, aphakia or sclerocornea, more typical of recessive disease. Functional studies identified variable effects on the protein stability, DNA binding, nuclear localization and transcriptional activity for recessive FOXE3 variants, whereas dominant alleles showed severe impairment in all areas and dominant-negative characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elena A Sorokina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Lubica Dudakova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Moravikova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Skalicka
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Malinka
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Computer Science, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah E Seese
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Samuel Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tanya Bardakjian
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Jenina Capasso
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Flaum Eye Institute, Pediatric Genetics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14534 USA
| | - William Allen
- Fullerton Genetics Center, Mission Hospitals, HCA, Asheville, NC, 28803 USA
| | - Tom Glaser
- Cell Biology and Human Anatomy Department, UC-Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alex V Levin
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Flaum Eye Institute, Pediatric Genetics, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14534 USA
| | - Adele Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus Unit, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.,Consultant Pediatric Ophthalmologist, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, United Arab Emirates
| | - Petra Liskova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena V Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Research Institute at the Medical College of Wisconsin and Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.,Departments of Ophthalmology and Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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50
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Taylan Şekeroğlu H, Utine GE. Congenital Cataract and Its Genetics: The Era of Next-Generation Sequencing. Turk J Ophthalmol 2021; 51:107-113. [PMID: 33951899 PMCID: PMC8109038 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2020.08377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital cataract is a challenging ophthalmological disorder which can cause severe visual loss. It can be diagnosed at birth or during the first year of life. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the visual prognosis. It can be associated with various ocular and systemic abnormalities. Determining whether congenital cataract is isolated or associated with other pathology is an indispensable step for the prediction of potential vision as well as early diagnosis and treatment of conditions that can cause morbidity or mortality. Many genes have been identified in the molecular etiology of congenital cataract. Most mutations have been reported in the crystallin genes. Determination of the genetic cause may not only enable individualized genetic counseling but also help to identify concomitant ocular and/or systemic disorders depending on the characteristics of the genetic test used. Recently, next-generation sequencing in particular has become an evolving technology for determining the molecular etiology of congenital cataract and furthering our knowledge of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gülen Eda Utine
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
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