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Chu J, Liu W, Hu X, Zhang H, Jiang J. P2RY13 is a prognostic biomarker and associated with immune infiltrates in renal clear cell carcinoma: A comprehensive bioinformatic study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1646. [PMID: 38045624 PMCID: PMC10691167 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common and aggressive form of cancer with a high incidence globally. This study aimed to investigate the role of P2RY13 in the progression of ccRCC and elucidate its mechanism of action. Methods Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases were used to extract gene expression profiles of ccRCC. These profiles were annotated and visualized by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses, as well as Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The STRING database was used to establish a protein-protein interaction network and to analyze the functional similarity. The GEPIA2 database was used to predict survival associated with hub genes. Meanwhile, the TIMER2.0 database was used to assess immune cell infiltration and its link with the hub genes. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to determine the difference between ccRCC and adjacent normal tissue. Results We identified 272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). GO and KEGG analyses suggested that DEGs were primarily involved in lymphocyte activation, inflammatory response, immunological effector mechanism pathways. By cytohubba, the 20 highest-scoring hub genes were screened to identify critical genes in the protein-protein interaction network linked with ccRCC. Resting dendritic cells, CD8 T cells, and activated mast cells all showed a significant positive correlation with these hub genes. Moreover, a higher immune score was associated with increased prognostic risk scores, which in turn correlated with a poorer prognosis. IHC revealed that P2RY13 was expressed at higher levels in ccRCC compared to para-cancer tissues. Conclusion Identifying the DEGs will aid in the understanding of the causes and molecular mechanisms involved in ccRCC. P2RY13 may play a pivotal role in the progression and prognosis of ccRCC, potentially driving carcinogenesis though immune system mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chu
- Department of OncologyThe First People's Hospital of ZiyangZiyangChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Family MedicineThe First People's Hospital of NeiJiangNeiJiangChina
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming First People's HospitalKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Department of OncologyThe First People's Hospital of ZiyangZiyangChina
| | - Jiudong Jiang
- Department of SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of ZiYangZiyangChina
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2
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Hefni E, Menon D, Ma T, Asiedu EB, Sultan A, Meiller T, Schneider A, Sodhi A, Montaner S. Angiopoietin-like 4 induces head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell migration through the NRP1/ABL1/PXN pathway. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110697. [PMID: 37169211 PMCID: PMC11129037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The molecular mechanisms whereby angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), a pluripotent protein implicated in cancer development, contributes to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) growth and dissemination are unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated ANGPTL4 expression in human normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs), dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs), oral leukoplakia cells (LEUK1), and HNSCC cell lines, as well as in tissue biopsies from patients with oral dysplasia, and primary and metastatic HNSCC. We further examined the contribution of ANGPTL4 cancer progression in an HNSCC orthotopic floor-of mouth tumor model and the signaling pathways linking ANGPTL4 to cancer cell migration. RESULTS ANGPTL4 expression was upregulated in premalignant DOKs and HNSCC cell lines compared to NOKs and was increased in tissue biopsies from patients with oral dysplasia, as well as in primary and metastatic HNSCC. We also observed that downregulation of ANGPTL4 expression inhibited primary and metastatic cancer growth in an HNSCC orthotopic tumor model. Interestingly, ANGPTL4 binding to the neuropilin1 (NRP1) receptor led to phosphorylation of the focal adhesion protein, paxillin (PXN), and tumor cell migration; this was dependent on the tyrosine kinase ABL1. Treatment with the ABL1 inhibitor, dasatinib and small interfering RNA silencing of NRP1 or ABL1 expression blocked PXN phosphorylation and tumor cell migration. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest an early, sustained, and angiogenesis-independent autocrine role for ANGPTL4 in HNSCC progression and expose ANGPTL4/NRP1/ABL1/PXN as an early molecular marker and vulnerable target for the prevention of HNSCC growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Hefni
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepak Menon
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Emmanuel B Asiedu
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ahmed Sultan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Timothy Meiller
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Abraham Schneider
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Silvia Montaner
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Rusu-Zota G, Manole OM, Galeș C, Porumb-Andrese E, Obadă O, Mocanu CV. Kaposi Sarcoma, a Trifecta of Pathogenic Mechanisms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1242. [PMID: 35626397 PMCID: PMC9140574 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare disease with four known variants: classic, epidemic, endemic and iatrogenic (transplant-related), all caused by an oncogenic virus named Human Herpes Virus 8. The viral infection in itself, along with the oncogenic properties of HHV8 and with immune system dysfunction, forms the grounds on which Kaposi's Sarcoma may develop. Infection with HHV8 occurs through saliva via close contacts, blood, blood products, solid organ donation and, rarely, vertical transmission. Chronic inflammation and oncogenesis are promoted by a mix of viral genes that directly promote cell survival and transformation or interfere with the regular cell cycle and cell signaling (of particular note: LANA-1, v-IL6, vBCL-2, vIAP, vIRF3, vGPCR, gB, K1, K8.1, K15). The most common development sites for Kaposi's sarcoma are the skin, mucocutaneous zones, lymph nodes and visceral organs, but it can also rarely appear in the musculoskeletal system, urinary system, endocrine organs, heart or eye. Histopathologically, spindle cell proliferation with slit-like vascular spaces, plasma cell and lymphocyte infiltrate are characteristic. The clinical presentation is heterogenic depending on the variant; some patients have indolent disease and others have aggressive disease. The treatment options include highly active antiretroviral therapy, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. A literature search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar databases with a combination of keywords with the aim to provide critical, concise, and comprehensive insights into advances in the pathogenic mechanism of Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rusu-Zota
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Oana Mădălina Manole
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Galeș
- Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Porumb-Andrese
- Department of Dermatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Otilia Obadă
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cezar Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Yang H, Zhang M, Mao XY, Chang H, Perez-Losada J, Mao JH. Distinct Clinical Impact and Biological Function of Angiopoietin and Angiopoietin-like Proteins in Human Breast Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102590. [PMID: 34685578 PMCID: PMC8534176 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted angiopoietin/angiopoietin-like (ANGPT/ANGPTL) proteins are involved in many biological processes. However, the role of these proteins in human breast cancers (BCs) remains largely unclear. Here, we conducted integrated omics analyses to evaluate the clinical impact of ANGPT/ANGPTL proteins and to elucidate their biological functions. In BCs, we identified rare mutations in ANGPT/ANGPTL genes, frequent gains of ANGPT1, ANGPT4, and ANGPTL1, and frequent losses of ANGPT2, ANGPTL5, and ANGPTL7, but observed that ANGPTL1, 2, and 4 were robustly downregulated in multiple datasets. The expression levels of ANGPTL1, 5, and 8 were positively correlated with overall survival (OS), while the expression levels of ANGPTL4 were negatively correlated with OS. Additionally, the expression levels of ANGPTL1 and 7 were positively correlated with distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), while the expression levels of ANGPT2 and ANGPTL4 were negatively correlated with DMFS. The prognostic impacts of ANGPT/ANGPTL genes depended on the molecular subtypes and on clinical factors. We discovered that various ANGPT/ANGPTL genes were co-expressed with various genes involved in different pathways. Finally, with the exception of ANGPTL3, the remaining genes showed significant correlations with cancer-associated fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and microenvironment score, whereas only ANGPTL6 was significantly correlated with immune score. Our findings provide strong evidence for the distinct clinical impact and biological function of ANGPT/ANGPTL proteins, but the question of whether some of them could be potential therapeutic targets still needs further investigation in BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.-Y.M.); (H.C.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Centre, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Melody Zhang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.-Y.M.); (H.C.)
- Undergraduate Program at Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xuan-Yu Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.-Y.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.-Y.M.); (H.C.)
| | - Jesus Perez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CIC-IBMCC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; (H.Y.); (M.Z.); (X.-Y.M.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-510-486-6204
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Wang FT, Li XP, Pan MS, Hassan M, Sun W, Fan YZ. Identification of the prognostic value of elevated ANGPTL4 expression in gallbladder cancer-associated fibroblasts. Cancer Med 2021; 10:6035-6047. [PMID: 34331381 PMCID: PMC8419759 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) with different gene profiles from normal fibroblasts (NFs) have been implicated in tumor progression. Angiopoietin‐like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) has been shown to regulate tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, and predict poor prognosis. However, the ANGPTL4 expression in CAFs, especially in gallbladder CAFs (GCAFs) and its relationship with patient prognosis is unclear. Methods Affymetrix gene profile chip analysis in vitro was performed to detect the different gene expression profiles between GCAFs and NFs. RT‐qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were performed to investigate the different expression levels of ANGPTL4 in GCAFs/NFs in vitro and in an in vivo nude mouse model of xenograft tumors. Finally, the ANGPTL4 expression was investigated in the stroma of different lesion tissues of the human gallbladder by immunohistochemistry, especially the expression in GCAFs in vivo by co‐immunofluorescence, and their prognostic significance in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) was assessed. Results ANGPTL4 was upregulated in both GCAFs in vitro and in the xenograft stroma of nude mice in vivo, and its expression was also significantly upregulated in human GBC stroma co‐localized with the interstitial markers fibroblast secreted protein‐1 and α‐smooth muscle actin. In addition, the elevated ANGPTL4 expression in GCAFs was correlated with tumor differentiation, liver metastasis, venous invasion and Nevin staging, and GBC patients with an elevated ANGPTL4 expression in GACFs were found to have a lower survival rate. Conclusions Increased ANGPTL4 expression in GCAFs correlates with poor patient prognosis, which indicates a potential therapeutic target for human GBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ping Li
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, P.R. China
| | - Mu-Su Pan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, P.R. China
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Zu Fan
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, P.R. China
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Wu Y, Gao J, Liu X. Deregulation of angiopoietin-like 4 slows ovarian cancer progression through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 phosphorylation. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:171. [PMID: 33726754 PMCID: PMC7968256 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a tissue-specific proangiogenic or antiangiogenic agent, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) has recently gained attention in many diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the roles of ANGPTL4 in angiogenesis and tumor growth in epithelial ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify a novel mechanism of ANGPTL4 inhibition in epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS Western blot, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and immunofluorescence analyses were applied to evaluate ANGPTL4 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were investigated through 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, CCK-8 and Transwell assays. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in ovarian cancer cells and tumor-bearing mice was evaluated. CD31 staining was used to identify tumor angiogenesis. Immunoprecipitation was performed to examine the regulatory relationship between ANGPTL4 and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin/Src complex. VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y949 and VE-cadherin expression were assessed by western blotting. Inactivation of VEGFR2 Y949 phosphorylation was achieved in a MISIIR-TAg VEGFR2Y949F/Y949F mouse model. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that ANGPTL4 was overexpressed in A2780 and CAOV3 ovarian cancer cells. In vitro assays indicated that inhibition of ANGPTL4 by lentiviral small interfering RNA does not alter ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT, while ANGPTL4 silencing exhibited significant inhibitory effects on tumor angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis in vivo. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that suppression of ANGPTL4 was accompanied by dissociation of the VEGFR2/VE-cadherin/Src complex and phosphorylation of VEGFR2 Y949 in A2780 and CAOV3 ovarian tumors. Inactivation of VEGFR2 Y949 phosphorylation in MISIIR-TAg VEGFR2Y949F/Y949F mice abolished all tumor-suppressive effects of ANGPTL4 inhibition in spontaneous ovarian carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that ANGPLT4 silencing delays tumor progression in specific types of ovarian cancer and may be a potential target for individualized treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jinghai Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Cai YC, Yang H, Wang KF, Chen TH, Jiang WQ, Shi YX. ANGPTL4 overexpression inhibits tumor cell adhesion and migration and predicts favorable prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:878. [PMID: 32928141 PMCID: PMC7489026 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have relatively poor clinical outcomes. A marker predicting the prognosis of patients with TNBC could help guide treatment. Extensive evidence demonstrates that angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is involved in the regulation of cancer growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. Therefore, its role in TNBC is of interest. Methods: We tested the ANGPTL4 expression level in tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and detected its association with the clinical features of TNBC patients. Next, the effects and mechanisms of ANGPTL4 on TNBC cell migration and adhesion were investigated. Results We found that ANGPTL4 overexpression was associated with favorable outcomes in TNBC patients. ANGPTL4 upregulation inhibited cell adhesion, migration and invasion in vitro. Further analyses demonstrated that the possible mechanism might involve suppression of TNBC progression by interacting with extracellular matrix-related genes. Conclusions The present findings demonstrated that enhancement of ANGPTL4 expression might inversely correlate with TNBC progression. ANGPTL4 is a promising marker of TNBC and should be evaluated in further studies. Trial registration Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Cai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan-Huan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hui Zhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong, 516000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qi Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Xia Shi
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao J, Liu J, Wu N, Zhang H, Zhang S, Li L, Wang M. ANGPTL4 overexpression is associated with progression and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2499-2505. [PMID: 32782569 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression levels of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) in breast cancer to investigate the association between ANGPTL4 and breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, including 205 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of no special type, 40 normal breast, 40 atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and 40 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) tissues. The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the differential expression of ANGPTL4 and clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between the expression levels of ANGPTL4 and the prognosis of breast cancer. The results revealed that ANGPTL4 expression was higher in IDC (63.4%; 130/205) compared with in normal breast tissues (17.5%; 7/40), ADH (30%; 12/40) and DCIS (37.5%; 15/40). The clinical significance of ANGPTL4 expression was analyzed in a total of 205 IDC tissues, and high expression levels of ANGPTL4 were positively associated with pathological stage (P<0.001), tumor size (P<0.001), histological grade (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P<0.001) and local recurrence (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high ANGPTL4 expression had a shorter overall survival (OS; P<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS; P<0.001) compared with patients with low ANGPTL4 expression. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that ANGPTL4 was an independent prognostic factor for breast cancer OS (P=0.034) and DFS (P=0.011). The results of the present study demonstrated that ANGPLT4 was associated with malignant progression and poor prognosis of breast cancer, suggesting that ANGPLT4 may be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Hailian Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 360000, P.R. China
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Sodhi A, Ma T, Menon D, Deshpande M, Jee K, Dinabandhu A, Vancel J, Lu D, Montaner S. Angiopoietin-like 4 binds neuropilins and cooperates with VEGF to induce diabetic macular edema. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4593-4608. [PMID: 31545295 PMCID: PMC6819094 DOI: 10.1172/jci120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), the most common cause of vision loss in working-age Americans, do not respond adequately to current therapies targeting VEGFA. Here, we show that expression of angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), a HIF-1-regulated gene product, is increased in the eyes of diabetic mice and patients with DME. We observed that ANGPTL4 and VEGF act synergistically to destabilize the retinal vascular barrier. Interestingly, while ANGPTL4 modestly enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2, promotion of vascular permeability by ANGPTL4 was independent of this receptor. Instead, we found that ANGPTL4 binds directly to neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and NRP2 on endothelial cells (ECs), leading to rapid activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and breakdown of EC-EC junctions. Treatment with a soluble fragment of NRP1 (sNRP1) prevented ANGPTL4 from binding to NRP1 and blocked ANGPTL4-induced activation of RhoA as well as EC permeability in vitro and retinal vascular leakage in diabetic animals in vivo. In addition, sNRP1 reduced the stimulation of EC permeability by aqueous fluid from patients with DME. Collectively, these data identify the ANGPTL4/NRP/RhoA pathway as a therapeutic target for the treatment of DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akrit Sodhi
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Deepak Menon
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Monika Deshpande
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen Jee
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jordan Vancel
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daoyuan Lu
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, and
| | - Silvia Montaner
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, and,Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore (UMB), Maryland, USA
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Rivera-Soto R, Damania B. Modulation of Angiogenic Processes by the Human Gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr Virus and Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1544. [PMID: 31354653 PMCID: PMC6640166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the biological process by which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing vessels. It is considered one of the classic hallmarks of cancer, as pathological angiogenesis provides oxygen and essential nutrients to growing tumors. Two of the seven known human oncoviruses, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), belong to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Both viruses are associated with several malignancies including lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The viral genomes code for a plethora of viral factors, including proteins and non-coding RNAs, some of which have been shown to deregulate angiogenic pathways and promote tumor growth. In this review, we discuss the ability of both viruses to modulate the pro-angiogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Rivera-Soto
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Blossom Damania
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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11
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Abstract
Angiopoietins play important roles in angiogenesis and the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) are identified as proteins structurally similar to angiopoietins, and the ANGPTL family now consists of eight members. ANGPTLs are secretary proteins, and some ANGPTLs are not only angiogenic factors but also proteins with multiple functions such as glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, redox regulation and chronic inflammation. Chronic inflammation is one of the key factors in carcinogenesis and cancer growth, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. ANGPTL 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 are pro-inflammatory factors and regulate cancer progression, while ANGPTL1 inhibits tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. In this review, we describe the roles of ANGPTLs in cancer progression and discuss the possibility of disturbing the progression of cancer by regulating ANGPTLs expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyoshi Endo
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan
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12
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Chakraborty A, Kamermans A, van het Hof B, Castricum K, Aanhane E, van Horssen J, Thijssen VL, Scheltens P, Teunissen CE, Fontijn RD, van der Flier WM, de Vries HE. Angiopoietin like-4 as a novel vascular mediator in capillary cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Brain 2018; 141:3377-3388. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Chakraborty
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van het Hof
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty Castricum
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Aanhane
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands
| | - Jack van Horssen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Victor L Thijssen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Alzheimer Center and Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Neurochemistry Lab and Biobank, Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud D Fontijn
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands
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13
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Li Y, Zhong C, Liu D, Yu W, Chen W, Wang Y, Shi S, Yuan Y. Evidence for Kaposi Sarcoma Originating from Mesenchymal Stem Cell through KSHV-induced Mesenchymal-to-Endothelial Transition. Cancer Res 2017; 78:230-245. [PMID: 29066510 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The major transmission route for Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection is the oral cavity through saliva. Kaposi sarcoma (KS) frequently occurs in the oral cavity in HIV-positive individuals and is often the first presenting sign of AIDS. However, the oral target cells for KSHV infection and the cellular origin of Kaposi sarcoma remain unknown. Here we present clinical and experimental evidences that Kaposi sarcoma spindle cells may originate from virally modified oral mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). AIDS-KS spindle cells expressed neuroectodermal stem cell marker (Nestin) and oral MSC marker CD29, suggesting an oral/craniofacial MSC lineage of AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma. Furthermore, oral MSCs were highly susceptible to KSHV infection, and infection promoted multilineage differentiation and mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndT). KSHV infection of oral MSCs resulted in expression of a large number of cytokines, a characteristic of Kaposi sarcoma, and upregulation of Kaposi sarcoma signature and MEndT-associated genes. These results suggest that Kaposi sarcoma may originate from pluripotent MSC and KSHV infection transforms MSC to Kaposi sarcoma-like cells through MEndT.Significance: These findings indicate that Kaposi sarcomas, which arise frequently in AIDS patients, originate from neural crest-derived mesenchymal stem cells, with possible implications for improving the clnical treatment of this malignancy. Cancer Res; 78(1); 230-45. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Li
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Canrong Zhong
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Weikang Chen
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yan Yuan
- Institute of Human Virology and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Hsieh HY, Jou YC, Tung CL, Tsai YS, Wang YH, Chi CL, Lin RI, Hung SK, Chuang YM, Wu SF, Li C, Shen CH, Chan MWY, Hsu CD. Epigenetic silencing of the dual-role signal mediator, ANGPTL4 in tumor tissues and its overexpression in the urothelial carcinoma microenvironment. Oncogene 2017; 37:673-686. [PMID: 29035390 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) carcinogenesis has been hypothesized to occur through epigenetic repression of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction array, we found that one potential TSG, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), was expressed at very low levels in all bladder cancer cell lines we examined. Previous studies had demonstrated that ANGPTL4 is highly expressed in some cancers, but downregulated, by DNA methylation, in others. Consequently, owing to these seemingly conflicting functions in distinct cancers, the precise role of ANGPTL4 in the etiology of UC remains unclear. In this study, using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite pyrosequencing, we show that ANGPTL4 is transcriptionally repressed by DNA methylation in UC cell lines and primary tumor samples, as compared with adjacent noncancerous bladder epithelium. Functional studies further demonstrated that ectopic expression of ANGPTL4 potently suppressed UC cell proliferation, monolayer colony formation in vitro, and invasion, migration, and xenograft formation in vivo. Surprisingly, circulating ANGPTL4 was significantly higher in plasma samples from UC patients than normal control, suggesting it might be secreted from other cell types. Interestingly, our data also indicated that exogenous cANGPTL4 could promote cell proliferation and cell migration via activation of signaling through the Erk/focal adhesion kinase axis. We further confirmed that mouse xenograft tumor growth could be promoted by administration of exogenous cANGPTL4. Finally, immunohistochemistry demonstrated that ANGPTL4 was downregulated in tumor cells but overexpressed in tumor adjacent stromal tissues of muscle-invasive UC tissue samples. In conclusion, our data support dual roles for ANGPTL4 in UC progression, either as a tumor suppressor or oncogene, in response to microenvironmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-Y Hsieh
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Fountain Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Jou
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-L Tung
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Y-H Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - C-L Chi
- Department of Pathology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - R-I Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - S-K Hung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Y-M Chuang
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - S-F Wu
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C Li
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-H Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - M W Y Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - C-D Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Ditmanson Medical Fountain Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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15
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Baba K, Kitajima Y, Miyake S, Nakamura J, Wakiyama K, Sato H, Okuyama K, Kitagawa H, Tanaka T, Hiraki M, Yanagihara K, Noshiro H. Hypoxia-induced ANGPTL4 sustains tumour growth and anoikis resistance through different mechanisms in scirrhous gastric cancer cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11127. [PMID: 28894280 PMCID: PMC5594024 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with scirrhous gastric cancer (SGC) frequently develop peritoneal dissemination, which leads to poor prognosis. The secreted protein angiopoietin-like-4 (ANGPTL4), which is induced by hypoxia, exerts diverse effects on cancer progression. Here, we aimed to determine the biological function of ANGPTL4 in SGC cells under hypoxia. ANGPTL4 levels were higher in SGC cells under hypoxia than in other types of gastric cancer cells. Hypoxia-induced ANGPTL4 mRNA expression was regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Under hypoxic conditions, monolayer cultures of ANGPTL4 knockdown (KD) 58As9 SGC (58As9-KD) cells were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle through downregulation of c-Myc and upregulation of p27, in contrast to control 58As9-SC cells. Moreover, the ability of 58As9-KD xenografts to form tumours in nude mice was strongly suppressed. When 58As9-KD cells were cultured in suspension, hypoxia strongly increased their susceptibility to anoikis through suppression of the FAK/Src/PI3K-Akt/ERK pro-survival pathway, followed by activation of the apoptotic factors caspases-3, -8 and -9. The development of peritoneal dissemination by 58As9-KD cells was completely inhibited compared with that by 58As9-SC cells. In conclusion, ANGPTL4 is uniquely induced by hypoxia in cultured SGC cells and is essential for tumour growth and resistance to anoikis through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Baba
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kitajima
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashisaga Hospital, 7324, Ooaza Harakoga, Miyaki-cho, Miyaki-gun, Saga, 849-0101, Japan.
| | - Shuusuke Miyake
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Nakamura
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Kota Wakiyama
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Okuyama
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Hiraki
- Department of Surgery, Saga-ken Medical Centre Koseikan, 400, Ooaza Nakahara, Kase-machi, Saga-shi, Saga, 840-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yanagihara
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Noshiro
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga-shi, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
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16
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Rossi A, Ferreira L, Cuevas-Nunez M, Wright JM, De-Paula AMB, Basile JR, Jham BC. Angiopoietin-2 is expressed in oral Kaposi's sarcoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2017; 46:1011-1014. [PMID: 28370338 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) persists today as a highly prevalent vascular cancer, often found in HIV patients. Studies have shown that angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), a pro-angiogenic protein, is involved in the pathogenesis of this tumor. However, expression of this protein has not been investigated in oral KS lesions. Thus, we aimed to investigate the expression of Ang2 in samples of oral KS. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate Ang2 expression in 14 oral KS cases, with degrees of expression being analyzed in a semi-quantitative manner. In addition, clinical information such as age, gender, race, tumor location, size, color, and appearance, as well as HIV status, was collected and included in the analysis. RESULTS All patients were white males, mostly HIV-positive, with a mean age of 40 years. Clinically, the lesions were dark red/blue/purple masses, ranging from 1 to 2.5 cm in diameter, found in various locations such as the tongue, palate, and gingiva. Expression of Ang2 was noted in 72% (10/14) of the samples. Of these, 10% showed weak expression, 60% moderate, and 30% strong expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Ang2 is expressed in oral KS and, consistent with results from previous studies, show that Ang2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of this lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rossi
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Leticia Ferreira
- Pathology and Medicine, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Cuevas-Nunez
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | | | | | - John R Basile
- University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruno C Jham
- College of Dental Medicine - Illinois, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
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17
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La Paglia L, Listì A, Caruso S, Amodeo V, Passiglia F, Bazan V, Fanale D. Potential Role of ANGPTL4 in the Cross Talk between Metabolism and Cancer through PPAR Signaling Pathway. PPAR Res 2017; 2017:8187235. [PMID: 28182091 PMCID: PMC5274667 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8187235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) protein belongs to a superfamily of secreted proteins structurally related to factors modulating angiogenesis known as angiopoietins. At first, ANGPTL4 has been identified as an adipokine exclusively involved in lipid metabolism, because of its prevalent expression in liver and adipose tissue. This protein regulates lipid metabolism by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and stimulating lipolysis of white adipose tissue (WAT), resulting in increased levels of plasma triglycerides (TG) and fatty acids. Subsequently, ANGPTL4 has been shown to be involved in several nonmetabolic and metabolic conditions, both physiological and pathological, including angiogenesis and vascular permeability, cell differentiation, tumorigenesis, glucose homoeostasis, lipid metabolism, energy homeostasis, wound healing, inflammation, and redox regulation. The transcriptional regulation of ANGPTL4 can be modulated by several transcription factors, including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, PPARγ, and HIF-1α, and nutritional and hormonal conditions. Several studies showed that high levels of ANGPTL4 are associated with poor prognosis in patients with various solid tumors, suggesting an important role in cancer onset and progression, metastasis, and anoikis resistance. Here, we have discussed the potential role of ANGPTL4 in mediating the cross talk between metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes and obesity, and cancer through regulation of its expression by PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura La Paglia
- ICAR-CNR, National Research Council of Italy, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Listì
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Génomique Fonctionnelle des Tumeurs Solides, INSERM, UMR 1162, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Valeria Amodeo
- Samantha Dickson Brain Cancer Unit, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Fanale
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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18
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Abere B, Schulz TF. KSHV non-structural membrane proteins involved in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 20:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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KUBO HIROSHI, KITAJIMA YOSHIHIKO, KAI KEITA, NAKAMURA JUN, MIYAKE SHUUSUKE, YANAGIHARA KAZUYOSHI, MORITO KIYOTO, TANAKA TOMOKAZU, SHIDA MASAAKI, NOSHIRO HIROKAZU. Regulation and clinical significance of the hypoxia-induced expression of ANGPTL4 in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:1026-1034. [PMID: 26893686 PMCID: PMC4734226 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are often exposed to hypoxia. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α upregulates numerous target genes associated with the malignant behavior of hypoxic cancer cells. A member of the angiopoietin family, angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a hypoxia-inducible gene. The present study aimed to clarify whether ANGPTL4 is regulated by HIF-1α in gastric cancer cells. The study also assessed whether ANGPTL4 expression is associated with clinicopathological factors or HIF-1α expression in gastric cancer tissues. Hypoxia-induced ANGPTL4 expression was quantitatively analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in 10 gastric cancer cell lines. RT-qPCR was further employed to investigate the HIF-1α dependency of ANGPTL4 expression using HIF-1α-knockdown transfectant 58As9-KD and control 58As9-SC gastric cancer cells. The HIF-1α and ANGPTL4 expression levels were immunohistochemically analyzed in 170 gastric cancer tissue specimens and were assessed for any correlations with the clinicopathological factors and/or patient survival. Subsequently, hypoxia-induced ANGPTL4 expression was observed in 7 out of 10 gastric cancer cell lines. The hypoxic induction of ANGPTL4 was almost preserved in the 58As9-KD cells compared with that observed in the 58As9-SC cells, while the induction of known HIF-1α target gene, carbonic anhydrase 9, was completely suppressed in the 58As9-KD cells. In the gastric cancer tissues, ANGPTL4 expression was inversely correlated with the tumor depth, whereas HIF-1α expression was positively correlated with venous invasion. A survival analysis revealed that the expression of ANGPTL4 was significantly correlated with a longer survival time, whereas that of HIF-1α was correlated with a shorter survival time. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that hypoxia-induced ANGPTL4 expression is independent of HIF-1α in hypoxic gastric cancer cells. ANGPTL4 may be a favorable marker for predicting a long survival time, whereas HIF-1α predicts a poor prognosis, in gastric cancer patients. The hypoxic environment independently induces ANGPTL4 and HIF-1α, which are believed to exhibit adverse effects on tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- HIROSHI KUBO
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - YOSHIHIKO KITAJIMA
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization Higashisaga Hospital, Saga 849-0101, Japan
| | - KEITA KAI
- Department of Pathology and Biodefense, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - JUN NAKAMURA
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - SHUUSUKE MIYAKE
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - KAZUYOSHI YANAGIHARA
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan
| | - KIYOTO MORITO
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - TOMOKAZU TANAKA
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - MASAAKI SHIDA
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - HIROKAZU NOSHIRO
- Department of Surgery, Saga University Faculty of Medicine, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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20
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Shafik NM, Mohamed DA, Bedder AE, El-Gendy AM. Significance of Tissue Expression and Serum Levels of Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 in Breast Cancer Progression: Link to NF-κB /P65 Activity and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:8579-87. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Li X, Chen T, Shi Q, Li J, Cai S, Zhou P, Zhong Y, Yao L. Angiopoietin-like 4 enhances metastasis and inhibits apoptosis via inducing bone morphogenetic protein 7 in colorectal cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:128-34. [PMID: 26417691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), a secretory glycoprotein, plays an important role in cancer metastasis. In the present study, we aim to investigate the roles and mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in the regulation of colorectal cancer metastasis. We found that expression level of ANGPTL4 was increased in colorectal cancer tissues, compared with that in normal tissues. Moreover, liver metastasis was significantly associated with higher expression of ANGPTL4. In vitro studies further showed that overexpression of ANGPTL4 enhanced cell migration, invasion and inhibited apoptosis. At the molecular level, ANGPTL4 overexpression resulted in an up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7). Indeed, knockdown of BMP7 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligos reversed the roles of ANGPTL4 overexpression in HCT116 cells. Finally, in vivo studies further confirmed the metastatic roles of ANGPTL4 by inducing BMP7. Therefore, our study demonstrated that ANGPTL4 might promote metastasis and might inhibit apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells by up-regulation of BMP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuquan Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Shilun Cai
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Pinghong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yunshi Zhong
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
| | - Liqing Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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22
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Zheng Z, Cheng C, Dong R, Li M, Xiong Z, Qian X, Chen L. Advanced glycation end products upregulate angiopoietin-like protein 4 expression by activating the renin-angiotensin system in endothelial cells. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:578-582. [PMID: 26171169 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and the mechanisms of the effects in endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were incubated with various concentrations of AGEs for 24 h and the expression of ANGPTL4 was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The concentration of angiotensin II (Ang II) in conditioned media and cell lysates was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran filtration assays and transendothelial electrical resistance were performed to evaluate endothelial permeability. AGEs (80 µg/ml) increased the expression of ANGPTL4 and the levels of Ang II (P<0.05). Incubation with AGEs also resulted in a significant increase in endothelial permeability (P<0.05). However, pretreatment with the Ang II receptor blocker losartan (10-5 M) reduced the effects of AGEs (P<0.05). AGEs upregulated the expression of ANGPTL4 by activating a local renin-angiotensin system in endothelial cells. This may be a new mechanism by which AGEs increase endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenda Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Zhaojun Xiong
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxian Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, P.R. China
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Wu H, Liu L, Xiao J, Chi M, Qu Y, Feng H. Glycosylation of KSHV encoded vGPCR functions in its signaling and tumorigenicity. Viruses 2015; 7:1627-41. [PMID: 25835533 PMCID: PMC4411669 DOI: 10.3390/v7041627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a tumor virus and the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS). KSHV G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR) is an oncogene that is implicated in malignancies associated with KHSV infection. In this study, we show that vGPCR undergoes extensive N-linked glycosylation within the extracellular domains, specifically asparagines 18, 22, 31 and 202. An immunofluorescence assay demonstrates that N-linked glycosylation are necessary for vGPCR trafficking to the cellular membrane. Employing vGPCR mutants whose glycosylation sites were ablated, we show that these vGPCR mutants failed to activate downstream signaling in cultured cells and were severely impaired to induce tumor formation in the xenograph nude mouse model. These findings support the conclusion that glycosylation is critical for vGPCR tumorigenesis and imply that chemokine regulation at the plasma membrane is crucial for vGPCR mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Liqun Liu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Children's Medical Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
| | - Jun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Mengdie Chi
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Yixiao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
| | - Hao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.
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Ojala PM, Schulz TF. Manipulation of endothelial cells by KSHV: implications for angiogenesis and aberrant vascular differentiation. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 26:69-77. [PMID: 24486643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma (KS), a viral cancer associated to Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) infection, is currently the most common tumor in men in sub-Saharan Africa. KS is an angiogenic tumor and characterized by the presence of aberrant vascular structures in the lesion. Although our understanding of how KSHV causes the aberrant differentiation of endothelial cells and the typical vascular abnormalities in KS tumors is far from complete, the experimental evidence reviewed here provides a comprehensive description of the role of KSHV in the pathogenesis of this unusual tumor. In contrast to other tumor viruses, whose interference with cellular processes relating to cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA damage may be at the heart of their oncogenic properties, KSHV may cause KS primarily by its ability to engage with the differentiation and function of endothelial cells. Although the intracellular pathways engaged by KSHV in the endothelial cells are being explored as drug targets, a better understanding of the impact of KSHV on endothelial cell differentiation and vasculogenesis is needed before the encouraging findings can form the basis for new targeted therapeutic approaches to KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi M Ojala
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Section of Virology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Thomas F Schulz
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Katanasaka Y, Kodera Y, Kitamura Y, Morimoto T, Tamura T, Koizumi F. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant type III markedly accelerates angiogenesis and tumor growth via inducing c-myc mediated angiopoietin-like 4 expression in malignant glioma. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:31. [PMID: 23617883 PMCID: PMC3641008 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Expression of the constitutively activated mutant EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII), the most common mutation in glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs), has been clinically correlated with tumor proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the role of EGFRvIII on the tumor microenvironment, especially on angiogenesis. Methods To study the role of EGFRvIII in tumor angiogenesis, we prepared LN229 glioblastoma transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), wild-type EGFR, or EGFRvIII (LN229-WT or -vIII), and examined tumor growth and microvessel density in the tumors. Additionally, the potential angiogenic factors were identified by real-time PCR analysis, and the functions in LN229-vIII cells were examined. Results LN229-vIII cells showed more aggressive tumor growth and higher vascularity as compared to LN229-WT cells in vivo, although there was no significant difference in the cell growth rates in vitro. We next investigated the expression of 60 angiogenesis-related factors to clarify the mechanisms underlying the difference in vascularity between tumor xenografts of LN229-vIII and LN229-WT. We found that the mRNA and protein expressions of angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), a secreted protein involved in angiogenesis and metabolism regulation, were significantly induced by EGFRvIII overexpression, both in vitro and in vivo. Constitutive knockdown of Angptl4 in LN229-vIII using shRNA significantly decreased the microvessel density in the tumor xenografts and suppressed tumor growth. To clarify the regulatory mechanisms of Angptl4 by EGFRvIII, we analyzed the signaling pathways and transcription factors by pharmacological inhibition and RNA interference. U0126, an ERK signal inhibitor dramatically suppressed Angptl4 expression. The transcription factor c-Myc, which is regulated by ERK, was activated in the LN229-vIII cells and knockdown of c-Myc using siRNA also attenuated Angptl4 expression in the LN229-vIII cells. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed increased recruitment of c-Myc to the promoter region of Angptl4 in the LN229-vIII cells. Conclusions In summary, we demonstrated that EGFRvIII induces Angptl4 expression through the ERK/c-Myc pathway and promotes tumor angiogenesis in malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Shien-lab, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Montaner S, Kufareva I, Abagyan R, Gutkind JS. Molecular mechanisms deployed by virally encoded G protein-coupled receptors in human diseases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 53:331-54. [PMID: 23092247 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of cell surface molecules involved in signal transduction. Surprisingly, open reading frames for multiple GPCRs were hijacked in the process of coevolution between Herpesviridae family viruses and their human and mammalian hosts. Virally encoded GPCRs (vGPCRs) evolved as parts of viral genomes, and this evolution allowed the power of host GPCR signaling circuitries to be harnessed in order to ensure viral replicative success. Phylogenetically, vGPCRs are distantly related to human chemokine receptors, although they feature several unique characteristics. Here, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying vGPCR-mediated viral pathogenesis. These mechanisms include constitutive activity, aberrant coupling to human G proteins and β-arrestins, binding and activation by human chemokines, and dimerization with other GPCRs expressed in infected cells. The likely structural basis for these molecular events is described for the two closest viral homologs of human GPCRs. This information may aid in the development of novel targeted therapeutic strategies against viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Montaner
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, Department of Pathology, and Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
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Tan MJ, Teo Z, Sng MK, Zhu P, Tan NS. Emerging roles of angiopoietin-like 4 in human cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2012; 10:677-88. [PMID: 22661548 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is best known for its role as an adipokine involved in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. The characterization of ANGPTL4 as an adipokine is largely due to our limited understanding of the interaction partners of ANGPTL4 and how ANGPTL4 initiates intracellular signaling. Recent findings have revealed a critical role for ANGPTL4 in cancer growth and progression, anoikis resistance, altered redox regulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests that ANGPTL4 function may be drastically altered depending on the proteolytic processing and posttranslational modifications of ANGPTL4, which may clarify several conflicting roles of ANGPTL4 in different cancers. Although the N-terminal coiled-coil region of ANGPTL4 has been largely responsible for the endocrine regulatory role in lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis, it has now emerged that the COOH-terminal fibrinogen-like domain of ANGPTL4 may be a key regulator in the multifaceted signaling during cancer development. New insights into the mechanistic action of this functional domain have opened a new chapter into the possible clinical application of ANGPTL4 as a promising candidate for clinical intervention in the fight against cancer. This review summarizes our current understanding of ANGPTL4 in cancer and highlights areas that warrant further investigation. A better understanding of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of ANGPTL4 will reveal novel insights into other aspects of tumorigenesis and the potential therapeutic value of ANGPTL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jie Tan
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
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Angiopoietin-like gene expression in the mouse uterus during implantation and in response to steroids. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 348:199-211. [PMID: 22350948 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to determine if and where Angiopoietin-like genes are expressed in the mouse uterus during the implantation period of pregnancy and to determine if uterine expression of such genes is controlled by estrogen or progesterone. We found that all six known murine angiopoietin-like genes were expressed in the mouse uterus during implantation. The expression of four genes was controlled by either estrogen or progesterone. Only the levels of angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) mRNA dramatically increased in implantation segments of the uterus during decidualization and was conceptus-independent. Due to this increased expression and the fact that angiopoietin-like 4 protein plays a role in lipid metabolism and angiogenesis in other tissues, only the expression of Angptl4 was further examined in the uterus and developing placenta. Angptl4 mRNA was localized to subpopulations of the endometrial stromal fibroblast and endothelial cell populations during decidualization. It was also localized to the ectoplacental cone, trophoblast giant cells and parietal endoderm of the conceptus at this time. By mid-pregnancy, Angptl4 mRNA was localized mainly to the mesometrial lymphoid aggregate region plus mesometrial endothelial cells of the uterus, as well as in various cell types of the conceptus. Additional work showed that Angptl4 expression increases in mouse endometrial stromal cells as they undergo decidualization in vitro. As in other cell types, the expression of Angptl4 in endometrial stromal cells was increased in response to an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors. Taken together, the results of this work support the hypothesis that locally expressed Angptl4 might play a role in local uterine/placental lipid metabolism and vascular changes during implantation and thus provide a basis for future research.
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