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Keser G, Pekiner FN, Bayrakdar İŞ, Çelik Ö, Orhan K. A deep learning approach to detection of oral cancer lesions from intra oral patient images: A preliminary retrospective study. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024; 125:101975. [PMID: 39043293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) seen in the oral cavity are a category of diseases for which dentists may diagnose and even cure. This study evaluated the performance of diagnostic computer software developed to detect oral cancer lesions in intra-oral retrospective patient images. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oral cancer lesions were labeled with CranioCatch labeling program (CranioCatch, Eskişehir, Turkey) and polygonal type labeling method on a total of 65 anonymous retrospective intraoral patient images of oral mucosa that were diagnosed with oral cancer histopathologically by incisional biopsy from individuals in our clinic. All images have been rechecked and verified by experienced experts. This data set was divided into training (n = 53), validation (n = 6) and test (n = 6) sets. Artificial intelligence model was developed using YOLOv5 architecture, which is a deep learning approach. Model success was evaluated with confusion matrix. RESULTS When the success rate in estimating the images reserved for the test not used in education was evaluated, the F1, sensitivity and precision results of the artificial intelligence model obtained using the YOLOv5 architecture were found to be 0.667, 0.667 and 0.667, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that OCSCC lesions carry discriminative visual appearances, which can be identified by deep learning algorithm. Artificial intelligence shows promise in the prediagnosis of oral cancer lesions. The success rates will increase in the training models of the data set that will be formed with more images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaye Keser
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Başıbüyük Sağlık, Marmara University, Yerleşkesi Başıbüyük Yolu 9/3 34854, Maltepe, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Filiz Namdar Pekiner
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Başıbüyük Sağlık, Marmara University, Yerleşkesi Başıbüyük Yolu 9/3 34854, Maltepe, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Şevki Bayrakdar
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özer Çelik
- Department of Mathematics and Computer, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University Medical Design Application and Research Center (MEDITAM), Ankara, Turkey
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Ferrazzo KL, Danesi CC, Martins NMB, Antoniazzi RP. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the severity of newly diagnosed cases of head and neck cancer in southern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230462. [PMID: 39194055 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This observational study aimed retrospectively assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnosis and severity of the disease in southern Brazil. All new cases diagnosed with HNSCC from March 11, 2019 to March 10, 2020 (pre-COVID-19) and from March 11, 2020 to March 10, 2021 (COVID-19) were included. The data collected were: date of the histopathological diagnosis, sociodemographic data, place of residence, data related to the tumor (location of the primary tumor, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis and TNM clinical staging), time elapsed between the diagnosis and treatment initiation. There was no significant difference in the number of new diagnoses in the COVID-19 group (n=45) compared to the pre-COVID-19 group (n=47). There was also no statistical difference regarding patients' sociodemographic profile, time between diagnosis and treatment, and overall TNM staging. However, the clinical N classification was more severe in the COVID-19 group (p=0.021). Patients diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic were 4.05 times more likely to have the N-stage more advanced (95% CI:1.62 - 10.12). Although there was no reduction in the number of new diagnosis of HNSCC during COVID-19 pandemic, the diagnosed cases showed lymph node metastasis in more advanced stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kívia L Ferrazzo
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Patologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Danesi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Patologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Nara Maria B Martins
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Patologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Prédio 20, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel P Antoniazzi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Estomatologia, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Prédio 26; 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Sousa-Neto SS, Martins AFL, Moreira VHLDO, Pereira JGB, Freitas NMA, Curado MP, Leles CR, Mendonça EF. The association between referral by specialists in oral diagnosis on survival rates of patients with oral cancer: A retrospective cohort study. J Oral Pathol Med 2024; 53:358-365. [PMID: 38745372 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the influence of diagnosis and referral provided by specialists in oral diagnosis on disease-free survival and overall survival of patients with oral cancer. METHODS A cohort of 282 patients with oral cancer treated at a regional cancer hospital from 1998 to 2016 was analyzed retrospectively. The referral register of the patients was analyzed and assigned to two groups: (1) those referred by oral diagnosis specialists (n = 129), or (2) those referred by nonspecialized professionals (n = 153). The cancer treatment evolution was assessed from the patients' records, and the outcome was registered concerning cancer recurrence and death. Sociodemographic and clinicopathological variables were explored as predictors of disease-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS Group 1 exhibited lower T stages and a reduced incidence of regional and distant metastases. Surgery was performed in 75.2% of cases in Group 1, while in Group 2, the rate was 60.8%. Advanced T stages and regional metastases reduced the feasibility of surgery. Higher TNM stages and tumor recurrence were associated with decreased disease-free survival, while surgical intervention was a protective factor. Higher TNM stage had a negative impact on the overall survival. CONCLUSION Specialized oral diagnosis did not directly impact disease-free survival and overall survival and did not influence the indication of surgery in oral cancer; however, it was associated with the diagnosis of early tumors and better prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Paula Curado
- Department of Epidemiology, International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Rodrigues Leles
- Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Zanoni DK, Demétrio De Souza França P, Valero C, Peterson G, Ardigo M, Ghossein R, Dusza SW, Matsuura D, Scholfield DW, Adilbay D, Montero PH, Migliacci J, Pillarsetty NVK, Kose K, Ganly I, Rajadhyaksha M, Patel SG. A Prospective Double-Blinded Comparison of Reflectance Confocal Microscopy with Conventional Histopathology for In Vivo Assessment in Oral Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:2486-2496. [PMID: 38526414 PMCID: PMC11145174 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as a possible noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of cancer and real-time assessment of surgical margins. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In a phase I study on 20 patients, we established the RCM imaging morphologic features that distinguish oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from normal tissue with a newly developed intraoral RCM probe. Our subsequent phase II prospective double-blinded study in 60 patients tested the diagnostic accuracy of RCM against histopathology. Five RCM videos from the tumor and five from normal surrounding mucosa were collected on each patient, followed by a 3-mm punch biopsy of the imaged area. An experienced RCM reader, who was blinded to biopsy location and histologic diagnosis, examined the videos from both regions and classified each as "tumor" or "not tumor" based on RCM features established in phase I. Hematoxylin and eosin slides from the biopsies were read by a pathologist who was blinded to RCM results. Using histology as the gold standard, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of RCM. RESULTS We report a high agreement between the blinded readers (95% for normal tissue and 81.7% for tumors), high specificity (98.3%) and negative predictive values (96.6%) for normal tissue identification, and high sensitivity (90%) and positive predictive values (88.2%) for tumor detection. CONCLUSIONS RCM imaging is a promising technology for noninvasive in vivo diagnosis of OSCC and for real-time intraoperative evaluation of mucosal surgical margins. Its inherent constraint, however, stems from the diminished capability to evaluate structures located at more substantial depths within the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella K. Zanoni
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Paula Demétrio De Souza França
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Valero
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gary Peterson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Marco Ardigo
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ronald Ghossein
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen W. Dusza
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Danielli Matsuura
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Daniel W. Scholfield
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dauren Adilbay
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pablo H. Montero
- Clínica Las condes Hospital Dr. Sótero del Rio Estoril, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jocelyn Migliacci
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Kivanc Kose
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian Ganly
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Snehal G. Patel
- Department of Surgery, Head and Neck Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Gil-Martín E, Ramos E, López-Muñoz F, Egea J, Romero A. Potential of melatonin to reverse epigenetic aberrations in oral cancer: new findings. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:1280-1310. [PMID: 38234969 PMCID: PMC10792176 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
It is now an accepted principle that epigenetic alterations cause cellular dyshomeostasis and functional changes, both of which are essential for the initiation and completion of the tumor cycle. Oral carcinogenesis is no exception in this regard, as most of the tumors in the different subsites of the oral cavity arise from the cross-reaction between (epi)genetic inheritance and the huge challenge of environmental stressors. Currently, the biochemical machinery is put at the service of the tumor program, halting the cell cycle, triggering uncontrolled proliferation, driving angiogenesis and resistance to apoptosis, until the archetypes of the tumor phenotype are reached. Melatonin has the ability to dynamically affect the epigenetic code. It has become accepted that melatonin can reverse (epi)genetic aberrations present in oral and other cancers, suggesting the possibility of enhancing the oncostatic capacity of standard multimodal treatments by incorporating this indolamine as an adjuvant. First steps in this direction confirm the potential of melatonin as a countermeasure to mitigate the detrimental side effects of conventional first-line radiochemotherapy. This single effect could produce synergies of extraordinary clinical importance, allowing doses to be increased and treatments not to be interrupted, ultimately improving patients' quality of life and prognosis. Motivated by the urgency of improving the medical management of oral cancer, many authors advocate moving from in vitro and preclinical research, where the bulk of melatonin cancer research is concentrated, to systematic randomized clinical trials on large cohorts. Recognizing the challenge to improve the clinical management of cancer, our motivation is to encourage comprehensive and robust research to reveal the clinical potential of melatonin in oral cancer control. To improve the outcome and quality of life of patients with oral cancer, here we provide the latest evidence of the oncolytic activity that melatonin can achieve by manipulating epigenetic patterns in oronasopharyngeal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gil-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Eva Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco López-Muñoz
- Faculty of Health, Camilo José Cela University of Madrid (UCJC), 28692 Madrid, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology Unit, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Romero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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O'Grady I, O'Sullivan J. Alcohol consumption modulates Candida albicans-induced oral carcinogenesis and progression. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:293-304. [PMID: 37806338 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the impact of low levels of alcohol consumption on the interaction of the oral cavity with Candida albicans, a species that is commonly found at higher levels in the oral cavities of regular alcohol consumers, patients with pre-malignant diseases, and patients with existing oral cancer (OC). METHODS The gingival squamous cell carcinoma cell line, Ca9-22, was subjected to low-level ethanol exposure before co-culture with heat-inactivated C. albicans (HICA). We performed cell viability assays, measured reactive oxygen species, and used Western blot analysis for cell death markers to examine the effect of ethanol and HICA on cells. Scratch assays and anchorage-independent growth assays were used to determine cell behavioral changes. RESULTS The results showed that ethanol in combination with HICA exacerbated cell death and cell cycle disruption, delayed NF-κB signaling, increased TIMP-2 secretion, and subsequently decreased MMP-2 secretion when compared to exposure to HICA alone. Conversely, both ethanol and HICA independently increased proliferation of Ca9-22 cells in scratch assays, and in combination, increased their capacity for anchorage-independent growth. CONCLUSION Low levels of ethanol may provide protective effects against Candida-induced inflammatory oral carcinogenesis or OC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel O'Grady
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Jeff O'Sullivan
- School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Sekido K, Imaue S, Tachinami H, Tomihara K, Naruto N, Yamagishi K, Ikeda A, Fujiwara K, Noguchi M. Successful treatment with nivolumab in a patient with unresectable oral squamous cell carcinoma following ineffective chemoradiotherapy. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8219. [PMID: 38033699 PMCID: PMC10683031 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Key clinical message Nivolumab has been clinically successful in prolonging the overall survival of patients with recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer, complete remission is rare. Synergistic combinations of immunotherapy and conventional cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy, are likely to be the most viable strategies for improving patient responses. Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized recurrent, metastatic oral cancer treatment; however complete remission in advanced stages is unusual. We present a case of complete remission of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma for >4 years in a 64-year-old Japanese woman, that responded poorly to chemoradiotherapy but well to subsequent nivolumab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Sekido
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic AssemblyUniversity of Toyama 2630 SugitaniToyama CityJapan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryToyama Red Cross HospitalToyama CityJapan
| | - Shuichi Imaue
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic AssemblyUniversity of Toyama 2630 SugitaniToyama CityJapan
| | - Hidetake Tachinami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic AssemblyUniversity of Toyama 2630 SugitaniToyama CityJapan
| | - Kei Tomihara
- Divisions of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigataJapan
| | - Norihito Naruto
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic AssemblyUniversity of ToyamaToyama CityJapan
| | - Kentaro Yamagishi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic AssemblyUniversity of ToyamaToyama CityJapan
| | - Atsushi Ikeda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic AssemblyUniversity of Toyama 2630 SugitaniToyama CityJapan
| | - Kumiko Fujiwara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Division of Medicine for Function and Morphology of Sensory Organs, Faculty of MedicineOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityTakatsukiJapan
| | - Makoto Noguchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academic AssemblyUniversity of Toyama 2630 SugitaniToyama CityJapan
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Petruzzi M, Della Vella F, Squicciarini N, Lilli D, Campus G, Piazzolla G, Lucchese A, van der Waal I. Diagnostic delay in autoimmune oral diseases. Oral Dis 2023; 29:2614-2623. [PMID: 36565434 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) affect about 5% of the general population, causing various systemic and/or topical clinical manifestations. The oral mucosa is often affected, sometimes as the only involved site. The misdiagnosis of oral ADs is an underreported issue. This narrative review focuses on diagnostic delay (DD) in oral ADs (oral lichen planus [OLP], oral Pemphigus Vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, oral lupus erythematosus, orofacial granulomatosis, oral erythema multiforme [EM], and Sjogren syndrome). Extensive literature research was conducted via MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar databases for articles reporting the time spent to achieve the correct diagnosis of oral ADs. Only 16 studies reported DD in oral ADs. Oral autoimmune vesiculobullous diseases are usually diagnosed after 8 months from the initial signs/symptoms, the Sjogren Syndrome diagnosis usually requires about 73 months. No data exist about the DD in OLP, oral lupus erythematosus, orofacial granulomatosis, and oral EM. The diagnosis of oral ADs can be difficult due to the non-specificity of their manifestations and the unawareness of dentists, physicians, and dental and medical specialists about these diseases. This can lead to a professional DD and a consequential treatment delay. The delay can be attributed to the physicians or/and the healthcare system (Professional Delay) or the patient (Patient's Delay).
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Petruzzi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fedora Della Vella
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Squicciarini
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Davide Lilli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- School of Dentistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Giuseppina Piazzolla
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine "G. Baccelli", University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Alberta Lucchese
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania-Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Chan ZW, Phuan YF, Ooi PY, Nor Azmi N, Pateel DGS, Yap HYY, Gunjal S. An assessment of oral cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among undergraduate students in Malaysian dental schools. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:617. [PMID: 37653402 PMCID: PMC10469815 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a significant public health concern worldwide. Early detection and prevention are crucial in reducing the morbidity and mortality rates associated with this disease. As future dental professionals, dental undergraduates play a vital role in promoting oral health and identifying potential oral cancer cases. METHODS This study aimed to evaluate the level of oral cancer awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and practices among dental undergraduates in Malaysia. A total of 595 students from years 3, 4, and 5 in both public and private universities participated. RESULTS The results showed that a higher percentage of dental undergraduates from private universities were aware of oral cancer and had satisfactory knowledge compared to those from public universities (p < 0.05). Moreover, 59.4% of respondents felt less confident in diagnosing oral cancer during routine dental practice, and 96.1% agreed on the need to increase public awareness of oral health. Interestingly, students from private universities exhibited higher levels of awareness and knowledge regarding oral cancer than those from public universities. CONCLUSIONS To enhance oral cancer detection and prevention, it is essential to reinforce the current curriculum and provide training to improve diagnostic skills for every dental undergraduate. This will ensure that they are well-equipped with the necessary knowledge and competence to detect and prevent oral cancer effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wen Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Fan Phuan
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pei-Yun Ooi
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Deepak G S Pateel
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yeng Y Yap
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Shilpa Gunjal
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.
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Wermelinger GF, Rubini L, da Fonseca ACC, Ouverney G, de Oliveira RPRF, de Souza AS, Forezi LSM, Limaverde-Sousa G, Pinheiro S, Robbs BK. A Novel MDM2-Binding Chalcone Induces Apoptosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1711. [PMID: 37371806 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents ~90% of all oral cancers, being the eighth most common cancer in men. The overall 5-year survival rate is only 39% for metastatic cancers, and currently used chemotherapeutics can cause important side effects. Thus, there is an urgency in developing new and effective anti-cancer agents. As both chalcones and 1,2,3-triazoles are valuable pharmacophores/privileged structures in the search for anticancer compounds, in this work, new 1,2,3-triazole-chalcone hybrids were synthesized and evaluated against oral squamous cell carcinoma. By using different in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, we demonstrated that compound 1f has great cytotoxicity and selectivity against OSCC (higher than carboplatin and doxorubicin) and other cancer cells in addition to showing minimal toxicity in mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that induced cell death occurs by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Moreover, we found that 1f has a potential affinity for MDM2 protein, similar to the known ligand nutlin-3, and presents a better selectivity, pharmacological profile, and potential to be orally absorbed and is not a substrate of Pg-P when compared to nutlin-3. Therefore, we conclude that 1f is a good lead for a new chemotherapeutic drug against OSCC and possibly other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Freimann Wermelinger
- Basic Science Department, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rubini
- Basic Science Department, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina Carvalho da Fonseca
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ouverney
- Postgraduate Program in Applied Science for Health Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael P R F de Oliveira
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Acácio S de Souza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana S M Forezi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Limaverde-Sousa
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio Pinheiro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi 24020-141, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruno Kaufmann Robbs
- Basic Science Department, Health Institute of Nova Friburgo, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo 28625-650, RJ, Brazil
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Jing F, Zhu L, Bai J, Cai X, Zhou X, Zhang J, Zhang H, Li T. Molecular mechanisms underlying the epigallocatechin-3-gallate-mediated inhibition of oral squamous cell carcinogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 153:105740. [PMID: 37354753 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reveal the mechanisms underlying the epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)-mediated inhibition of carcinogenesis and the related regulatory signaling pathways. DESIGN The effect of EGCG on the proliferation of OSCC cells was examined. SuperPred, ChEMBL, Swiss TargetPrediction, DisGeNET, GeneCards, and National Center for Biotechnology Information databases were used to predict the EGCG target genes and oral leukoplakia (OL)-related, oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF)-related, and OSCC-related genes. The binding of EGCG to the target proteins was simulated using AutoDock and PyMOL. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was subjected to consensus clustering analysis to predict the downstream molecules associated with these targets, as well as their potential functions and pathways. RESULTS EGCG significantly inhibited OSCC cell proliferation (p < 0.001). By comparing EGCG target genes with genes linked to oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) and OSCC, a total of eleven potential EGCG target genes were identified. Furthermore, EGCG has the capacity to bind to eleven proteins. Based on consensus clustering and enrichment analysis, it is suggested that EGCG may hinder the progression of cancer by altering the cell cycle and invasive properties in precancerous lesions of the oral cavity. Some possible strategies for modifying the cell cycle and invasive properties may include EGCG-mediated suppression of specific genes and proteins, which are associated with cancer development. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways associated with the EGCG-induced suppression of OSCC. The identification of specific pharmacological targets of EGCG during carcinogenesis is crucial for the development of innovative combination therapies involving EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyang Jing
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaying Bai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xinjia Cai
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Heyu Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tiejun Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, China; Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China.
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12
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Haron N, Rajendran S, Kallarakkal TG, Zain RB, Ramanathan A, Abraham MT, Lau SH, Cheng LC, Chong SMY, Mohamed Azahar FA, Mohamad Zaini Z, Chan SW, Goh YC, Lim D, Khairi J, Abidin MZ, Abdul Rahman ZA, Liew CS, Fong SC, Yang YH, Ismail SM, Cheong SC. High referral accuracy for oral cancers and oral potentially malignant disorders using telemedicine. Oral Dis 2023; 29:380-389. [PMID: 33914993 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the accuracy of MeMoSA®, a mobile phone application to review images of oral lesions in identifying oral cancers and oral potentially malignant disorders requiring referral. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A prospective study of 355 participants, including 280 with oral lesions/variants was conducted. Adults aged ≥18 treated at tertiary referral centres were included. Images of the oral cavity were taken using MeMoSA®. The identification of the presence of lesion/variant and referral decision made using MeMoSA® were compared to clinical oral examination, using kappa statistics for intra-rater agreement. Sensitivity, specificity, concordance and F1 score were computed. Images were reviewed by an off-site specialist and inter-rater agreement was evaluated. Images from sequential clinical visits were compared to evaluate observable changes in the lesions. RESULTS Kappa values comparing MeMoSA® with clinical oral examination in detecting a lesion and referral decision was 0.604 and 0.892, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for referral decision were 94.0% and 95.5%. Concordance and F1 score were 94.9% and 93.3%, respectively. Inter-rater agreement for a referral decision was 0.825. Progression or regression of lesions were systematically documented using MeMoSA®. CONCLUSION Referral decisions made through MeMoSA® is highly comparable to clinical examination demonstrating it is a reliable telemedicine tool to facilitate the identification of high-risk lesions for early management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, Saujana Putra Campus, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Anand Ramanathan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mannil Thomas Abraham
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Shin Hin Lau
- Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lai Choo Cheng
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Sherrie Mei Yee Chong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Farah Aliya Mohamed Azahar
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Oral Surgery Clinic, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zuraiza Mohamad Zaini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Wui Chan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yet Ching Goh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Juliana Khairi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia.,Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Marzuki Zainal Abidin
- Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Oral Surgery Clinic, Hospital Serdang, Ministry of Health, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Sun Liew
- Department of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Data Intensive Computing Centre, Research Management & Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Data Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Mazlipah Ismail
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Rupel K, Biasotto M, Gobbo M, Poropat A, Bogdan Preda MT, Borruso G, Torelli L, Di Lenarda R, Ottaviani G. Knowledge and awareness of oral cancer: A cross-sectional survey in Trieste, Italy. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2023; 4:1056900. [PMID: 36794079 PMCID: PMC9922703 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1056900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify the knowledge on oral cancer and to assess possible differences in awareness and information basing on different demographic and subject-related factors. An anonymous survey was provided to 750 random subjects using online-based questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed in order to evaluate the influence of demographic variables (gender, age, education) on knowledge of oral cancer and its risk factors. 68.4% of individuals knew about the existence of oral cancer, mostly from media and family/friends. Awareness was significantly influenced by gender and higher education, but not by age. Most participants recognized smoking as a risk factor, but alcohol abuse and sunlight exposure are less known, especially among less educated subjects. On the contrary, our study shows a diffusion of false information: more than 30% of the participants indicated the possible role of amalgam fillings in oral cancer onset, independently of gender, age or education. The results of our study suggest the need for oral cancer awareness campaigns, where school and healthcare professionals should be actively involved in promoting, organizing and finding methods to monitor the medium and long-term efficacy with proper methodological quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Rupel
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Biasotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Gobbo
- Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Augusto Poropat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Borruso
- Department of Economics, Business, Mathematics and Statistics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucio Torelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Lenarda
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Ottaviani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy,Correspondence: Ottaviani Giulia
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14
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Gilligan G, Piemonte E, Lazos J, Simancas MC, Panico R, Warnakulasuriya S. Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from chronic traumatic ulcers. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:193-201. [PMID: 36088397 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A proportion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and the rest might not be associated with any well-established OPMD. Chronic traumatic ulcer (CTU) has been suggested as a lesion with potential for malignant transformation, but the evidence is inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe clinicopathological features of non-healing CTU (NHCTU) that later developed to OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed of patients attending the Facultad de Odontología Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (2013-2019). The study included patients with a provisional diagnosis of CTU. CTUs without complete healing after removal of traumatic factors-non healing CTU (NHCTU)-were investigated by biopsy. A detailed description of cases where a malignancy was diagnosed is presented. RESULTS A total of 107 CTU were included. Of these, 32 CTUs were considered NHCTU and two cases showed histological features of OSCC in the background of NHCTU. In both cases, lesions were found on the lateral tongue. Both were non smoking, non alcohol drinking individuals. Absence of any well-known OPMD was also registered. CONCLUSIONS The possibility of malignant transformation in a subset of tongue NHCTU should not be underestimated. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In a subgroup of patients, NHCTU could be considered an OPMD. Although the potential malignant transformation rate is low, these conditions should be always followed up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gilligan
- Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre SN, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Eduardo Piemonte
- Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre SN, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jerónimo Lazos
- Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre SN, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - René Panico
- Oral Medicine Department, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre SN, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Saman Warnakulasuriya
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer, London, UK
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15
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Borges AA, de Souza MP, da Fonseca ACC, Wermelinger GF, Ribeiro RCB, Amaral AAP, de Carvalho CJC, Abreu LS, de Queiroz LN, de Almeida ECP, Rabelo VW, Abreu PA, Pontes B, Ferreira VF, da Silva FDC, Forezi LDSM, Robbs BK. Chemoselective Synthesis of Mannich Adducts from 1,4-Naphthoquinones and Profile as Autophagic Inducers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010309. [PMID: 36615502 PMCID: PMC9822194 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a worldwide public health problem, accounting for approximately 90% of all oral cancers, and is the eighth most common cancer in men. Cisplatin and carboplatin are the main chemotherapy drugs used in the clinic. However, in addition to their serious side effects, such as damage to the nervous system and kidneys, there is also drug resistance. Thus, the development of new drugs becomes of great importance. Naphthoquinones have been described with antitumor activity. Some of them are found in nature, but semi synthesis has been used as strategy to find new chemical entities for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, we promote a multiple component reaction (MCR) among lawsone, arylaldehydes, and benzylamine to produce sixteen chemoselectively derivated Mannich adducts of 1,4-naphthoquinones in good yield (up to 97%). The antitumor activities and molecular mechanisms of action of these compounds were investigated in OSCC models and the compound 6a induced cytotoxicity in three different tumor cell lines (OSCC4, OSCC9, and OSCC25) and was more selective (IS > 2) for tumor cells than the chemotropic drug carboplatin and the controls lapachol and shikonin, which are chemically similar compounds with cytotoxic effects. The 6a selectively and significantly reduced the amount of cell colony growth, was not hemolytic, and tolerable in mice with no serious side effects at a concentration of 100 mg/kg with a LD50 of 150 mg/kg. The new compound is biologically stable with a profile similar to carboplatin. Morphologically, 6a does not induce cell retraction or membrane blebs, but it does induce intense vesicle formation and late emergence of membrane bubbles. Exploring the mechanism of cell death induction, compound 6a does not induce ROS formation, and cell viability was not affected by inhibitors of apoptosis (ZVAD) and necroptosis (necrostatin 1). Autophagy followed by a late apoptosis process appears to be the death-inducing pathway of 6a, as observed by increased viability by the autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and by the appearance of autophagosomes, later triggering a process of late apoptosis with the presence of caspase 3/7 and DNA fragmentation. Molecular modeling suggests the ability of the compound to bind to topoisomerase I and II and with greater affinity to hPKM2 enzyme than controls, which could explain the mechanism of cell death by autophagy. Finally, the in-silico prediction of drug-relevant properties showed that compound 6a has a good pharmacokinetic profile when compared to carboplatin and doxorubicin. Among the sixteen naphthoquinones tested, compound 6a was the most effective and is highly selective and well tolerated in animals. The induction of cell death in OSCC through autophagy followed by late apoptosis possibly via inhibition of the PKM2 enzyme points to a promising potential of 6a as a new preclinical anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda A. Borges
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Michele P. de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Anna Carolina C. da Fonseca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Guilherme F. Wermelinger
- Departamento de Ciência Básica, Campus Universitário de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Ruan C. B. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Adriane A. P. Amaral
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Cláudio José C. de Carvalho
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Abreu
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nicolau de Queiroz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Elan C. P. de Almeida
- Departamento de Ciência Básica, Campus Universitário de Nova Friburgo, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Nova Friburgo CEP 28625-650, Brazil
| | - Vitor W. Rabelo
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Paula A. Abreu
- Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade, Campus Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé CEP 27965-045, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24241-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C. da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
| | - Luana da S. M. Forezi
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.S.M.F.); (B.K.R.)
| | - Bruno K. Robbs
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Campus do Valonguinho, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói CEP 24020-150, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.d.S.M.F.); (B.K.R.)
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16
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Eichberger J, Spoerl S, Spanier G, Erber R, Taxis J, Schuderer J, Ludwig N, Fiedler M, Nieberle F, Ettl T, Geppert CI, Reichert TE, Spoerl S. TIGIT Expression on Intratumoral Lymphocytes Correlates with Improved Prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123236. [PMID: 36551992 PMCID: PMC9775507 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) is a potential immunotherapeutic target in a variety of malignant entities, and antibody-based treatments are currently under investigation in clinical trials. While promising results were observed in patients with lung cancer, the role of TIGIT in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target remains elusive. Therefore, we evaluated the role of TIGIT as a prognostic factor in OSCC. (2) Methods: Here, we describe the results of a retrospective tissue microarray (TMA) OSCC cohort. Using immunohistochemistry, TIGIT expression was correlated with overall and recurrence-free survival (OAS and RFS, respectively). Additionally, in silico analysis was performed based on the TCGA Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) cohort in order to correlate patients' survival with TIGIT and CD274 (encoding for PD-L1) gene expression levels. (3) Results: Database analysis revealed a beneficial outcome in OAS for tumor patients with high intraepithelial CD3-TIGIT-expression (n = 327). Hereby, OAS was 53.9 months vs. 30.1 months for patients with lower TIGIT gene expression levels (p = 0.033). In our retrospective OSCC-TMA cohort, elevated TIGIT levels on CD3+ cells correlated significantly with improved OAS (p = 0.025) as well as distant RFS (p = 0.026). (4) Conclusions: This study introduces TIGIT as a novel prognostic factor in OSCC, indicating the improved outcome of OSCC patients relative to their increased TIGIT expression. TIGIT might provide therapeutic implications for future immunotherapy in advanced-stage OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Eichberger
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Spoerl
- Department of Internal Medicine 5—Hematology/Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Spanier
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ramona Erber
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, 91051 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen Taxis
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schuderer
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nils Ludwig
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Fiedler
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Nieberle
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Ettl
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carol I. Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, 91051 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Torsten E. Reichert
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Spoerl
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-944-6340; Fax: +49-941-944-6342
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17
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Strey JR, Roxo-Gonçalves M, Guzenski BD, Martins MAT, Romanini J, de Figueiredo MAZ, D'Ávila OP, Gonçalves MR, Umpierre RN, Harzheim E, de Campos Hildebrand L, Carrard VC. Oral Medicine Experience and Attitudes Toward Oral Cancer: An Evaluation of Dentists Working in Primary Health Care. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:1621-1628. [PMID: 33825147 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-021-01999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This analytical, cross-sectional, observational study aimed to evaluate the perception of dentists working at the public system of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, regarding academic training to treat oral lesions, adoption of preventive measures for oral cancer, and attitude toward the need to perform oral biopsies. The sample consisted of questionnaires filled out by 192 dentists (153 women and 39 men) working in primary health care who participated in training activities on oral cancer diagnosis in July 2016. To enroll in the training activities, the professionals completed an online questionnaire to evaluate their perceptions regarding oral cancer issues. With respect to preventive measures, 96.88% of dentists reported performing full mouth examination, 87.50% reported providing tobacco cessation counseling, and 51.04% reported giving advice on excessive alcohol consumption. In addition, 72.40% and 44.79% of dentists considered, respectively, clinical training and theory instruction in oral medicine to be insufficient during undergraduate school. Only 8.33% reported performing biopsies in daily clinical routine, and almost 90% reported referring the patient to a specialist from the public system or universities. Lack of experience was the main reason not to perform a biopsy. The dentists in our sample recognize the importance of preventive measures for oral cancer, but few of them perform biopsies regularly. Therefore, there is a need for continuing education actions including practical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Rodriguez Strey
- Department of Conservative Dentistry-Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michelle Roxo-Gonçalves
- Department of Conservative Dentistry-Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Dutra Guzenski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry-Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Trevizani Martins
- Department of Conservative Dentistry-Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Romanini
- Dental Specialty/Oral Medicine Center, Porto Alegre City Hall, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Rodrigues Gonçalves
- TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Primary Health Care Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberto Nunes Umpierre
- TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Residence in Family and Community Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Laura de Campos Hildebrand
- Department of Conservative Dentistry-Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Coelho Carrard
- Department of Conservative Dentistry-Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- TelessaúdeRS-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- School of Dentistry, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492/503, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Su CC, Lin JW, Chang KY, Wu CT, Liu SH, Chang KC, Liu JM, Lee KI, Fang KM, Chen YW. Involvement of AMPKα and MAPK-ERK/-JNK Signals in Docetaxel-Induced Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213857. [PMID: 36430348 PMCID: PMC9696237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the oral cavity can develop in the anatomic area extending from the lip, gum, tongue, mouth, and to the palate. Histologically, about 85-90% of oral cavity cancers are of the type squamous cells carcinomas (SCCs). The incidence of oral tongue SCC is higher in the tongue than any other anatomic area of the oral cavity. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of docetaxel, which is a paclitaxel antitumor agent, on the cell growth of a human tongue SCC-derived SAS cell line. The results showed that docetaxel (10-300 nM) induced cytotoxicity and caspase-3 activity in SAS cells. Moreover, docetaxel (100 nM) promoted the expression of apoptosis-related signaling molecules, including the cleavages of caspase-3, caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In mitochondria, docetaxel (100 nM) decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression and increased cytosolic cytochrome c protein expression and Bax mRNA and protein expression. In terms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, docetaxel increased the expression of phosphorylated (p)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-AMPKα protein expression but not p-p38 protein expression. Moreover, the increase in caspase-3/-7 activity and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and MMP depolarization observed in docetaxel-treated SAS cells could be reversed by treatment with either SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), PD98059 (an MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2) inhibitor), or compound c (an AMPK inhibitor). The docetaxel-induced increases in p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-AMPKα protein expression could also be reversed by treatment with either SP600125, PD98059, or compound c. These results indicate that docetaxel induces human tongue SCC cell apoptosis via interdependent MAPK-JNK, MAPK-ERK1/2, and AMPKα signaling pathways. Our results show that docetaxel could possibly exert a potent pharmacological effect on human oral tongue SCC cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Wei Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yao Chang
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chih Chang
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-M.F.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-M.F.); (Y.-W.C.)
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Time-to-Treatment of Oral Cancer and Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders: Findings in Malaysian Public Healthcare. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10110199. [PMID: 36354644 PMCID: PMC9689072 DOI: 10.3390/dj10110199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the time-to-treatment of oral cancer and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD) in a Malaysian public healthcare setting while exploring its contributing factors. It consists of (1) a cross-sectional patient survey to quantify time to seek care and barriers faced, and (2) a retrospective medical record abstraction to determine treatment and management intervals. Time intervals were aggregated and analyzed by their primary contributor—patient, professional, or healthcare system. The average total time-to-treatment of the 104 patients investigated was 167 days (SD = 158). This was predominantly contributed by the patient interval of 120 days (SD = 152). In total, 67.0% of patients delayed their visit to primary healthcare centers because they assumed the lesions were not dangerous or of concern. Additionally, there was a significant difference between patients ‘facing’ and ‘not facing’ difficulties to seek care, at 157 vs. 103 days (p = 0.028). System and professional delays were comparably shorter, at 33 days (SD = 20) and 10 days (SD = 15) respectively. Both demonstrated a significant difference between oral cancer and PMOD, at 43 vs. 29 days (p < 0.001) and 5 vs. 17 days (p < 0.001). The findings reiterate the need to reform current initiatives to better promote early lesion recognition by patients and implement strategies for the elimination of their access barriers.
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20
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Proactive Swallowing Rehabilitation in Patients with Recurrent Oral Cancer Receiving Salvage Treatment: Long-Term Swallowing-Related Outcomes. Dysphagia 2022; 38:954-964. [PMID: 36127448 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of proactive swallowing rehabilitation on swallowing function and quality of life in patients with recurrent oral cancer in the first 2 years after salvage treatment. Consecutive adult patients with recurrent oral cancer who received salvage surgery and free flap reconstruction were recruited prospectively, to whom proactive swallowing rehabilitation was provided. Body weight (BW); fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), functional oral intake scale (FOIS), and diet level; 10-item eating assessment tool (EAT-10), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI); and adherence at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months were evaluated. A total of 50 patients were included during May 2018 to July 2020. Compared to the baseline, significant deterioration in BW, FOIS, and MDADI was noted at one month. However, a trend of recovery was observed in BW and FOIS from one month, and in MDADI from three months. All patients were free of tube feeding at 18-24 months and tolerated diet with special preparations or compensation. Safe swallowing could be achieved in approximately 80% participants after 12 months of diet modification or compensatory maneuvers. Proactive swallowing therapy was feasible in patients with recurrent oral cancer receiving salvage treatment. Although this patient population might have pre-existing dysphagia from previous treatments, rehabilitation could facilitate safe per oral intake and maintain adequate nutrition with adaptive maneuvers or compensatory strategies. Patients who underwent proactive swallowing rehabilitation had better recovery in the functional oral intake level.
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21
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Mangone L, Mancuso P, Bisceglia I, Setti G, Malaguti G, Giorgi Rossi P. The epidemiology of oral cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic in Northern Italy: Incidence, survival, prevalence. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:982584. [PMID: 36186539 PMCID: PMC9523507 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.982584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite novel treatment approaches, oral cancer survival has not improved significantly and the disease often presents a disabling path for patients. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological data of oral cancers in a province of northern Italy. Incident cases in the period 1996–2020 and EU population standardized rates were reported for Oral Cavity cancer (OC) and OroPharyngeal cancer (OP). Annual percent changes (APC) were estimated with joint point analysis. The 5-year survival was calculated in three different periods: 1996–2000, 2001–2010 and 2011–2015. From 1996 to 2020, 771 cases of oral cancers (442 OC and 329 OP) were recorded with the age-standardized incidence rate 7.28 (10.74 in males and 3.97 in females): 3.82 for OC and 3.47 for OP. In males there is a significant increase in the incidence of OP up to 2017 (APC 11; 95% CI, 4.9–17.5), which then decreases; in females the rates are constant. In 2020 (the era of Covid-19), we did not see a decline in incidence compared to 2019. The 5-year survival (for cases diagnosed in 2011–2015) was 55.6%, 56.5% and 56% for OC, OP and OC + OP, respectively; it was somewhat higher in females and was undergoing some changes over the course of years. The number of prevalent cases as of 1 January 2021 is 314 (175 OC, 139 OP). The study showed a decline in cancers in men, particularly for OP; survival shows improvement in the long-term examined; Covid-19 had no negative impact on 2020 diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Mangone
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Pamela Mancuso
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Isabella Bisceglia
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Correspondence: Isabella Bisceglia
| | - Giacomo Setti
- Centro Universitario Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliano Malaguti
- Department of Specialist Surgeries Head-Neck, Modena and Reggio Emilia University, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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22
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Liquid Biopsy and Circulating Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Precancerous and Cancerous Oral Lesions. Noncoding RNA 2022; 8:ncrna8040060. [PMID: 36005828 PMCID: PMC9414906 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna8040060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, accounting for 2% of all cases annually and 1.8% of all cancer deaths. To date, tissue biopsy and histopathological analyses are the gold standard methods for the diagnosis of oral cancers. However, oral cancer is generally diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor 5-year survival (~50%) due to limited screening programs and inefficient physical examination strategies. To address these limitations, liquid biopsy is recently emerging as a novel minimally invasive tool for the early identification of tumors as well as for the evaluation of tumor heterogeneity and prognosis of patients. Several studies have demonstrated that liquid biopsy in oral cancer could be useful for the detection of circulating biomarkers including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), proteins, and exosomes, thus improving diagnostic strategies and paving the way to personalized medicine. However, the application of liquid biopsy in oral cancer is still limited and further studies are needed to better clarify its clinical impact. The present manuscript aims to provide an updated overview of the potential use of liquid biopsy as an additional tool for the management of oral lesions by describing the available methodologies and the most promising biomarkers.
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Taneja P, Marya CM, Jain S, Nagpal R, Kataria S. Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Oral Cancer among Dental Graduates-A Web-Based Survey. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2022; 37:1194-1200. [PMID: 33442863 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-020-01938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice among new dental graduates across India. A web-based questionnaire was generated as a link through Google Drive which was sent to approximately 250 dental graduates using Whatsapp messenger. A total of 205 complete responses were received and analyzed. Frequency analysis was done using SPSS software version 21. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was identified as most common cancer by 48% of the subjects while the stage of oral cancer in which it is most often diagnosed was only responded correctly by 15.5% as advanced stage. Approximately one fourth (25.4%) of the participants performed dental examination to detect cancer routinely in all patients. Half of the study subjects were confident in detecting oral cancer, still majority (70.6%) of the subjects were interested in attending continuing education course on oral cancer in the future. This study revealed that the majority of the new dental clinicians were not having legitimate knowledge regarding oral cancer. Thus, this lacuna in knowledge and skills can be eliminated by conducting workshops and continuing education programs. This may subsequently aid to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Taneja
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
- , Gurgaon, India.
| | - C M Marya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sonam Jain
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ruchi Nagpal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sakshi Kataria
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Al-Soneidar WA, Harper S, Madathil SA, Schlecht NF, Nicolau B. Do cutaneous human papillomavirus genotypes affect head and neck cancer? Evidence and bias-correction from a case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 79:102205. [PMID: 35780522 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three genera of human papillomavirus (HPV) infect the oral cavity and oropharynx- alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ). While α-HPV infection is an established risk factor for head and neck cancers (HNC), the role of other genera remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the effect of α-, β-, γ-HPV on HNC using a hospital-based case-control study. METHODS We recruited incident HNC cases (396) and controls (439), frequency-matched by age and sex from four main referral hospitals in Montreal, Canada. We collected information on sociodemographic and behavior characteristics using in-person interviews, and tested rinse, brush and tumor specimens for HPV genotypes. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of HPV on HNC using logistic regression, adjusting for confounding. We conducted probabilistic bias analysis to account for potential exposure misclassification, selection bias, and residual confounding. RESULTS α-HPV genus had a strong effect on HNC, particularly HPV16 (aOR=22.6; 95% CI: 10.8, 47.2). β-HPV was more common among controls (aOR=0.80; 95% 0.57, 1.11). After adjustment for HPV16, we found weaker evidence for γ-HPV (aOR= 1.29; 95% CI: 0.80, 2.08). Combined bias analyses for HPV16 increased the strength of the point estimate, but added imprecision (aOR=54.2, 95% CI: 10.7, 385.9). CONCLUSIONS α-HPV, especially HPV16, appears to increase the risk for HNC, while there is little evidence for an effect of β- or γ-HPV. β-HPV may have a preventive effect, while γ-HPV may increase the risk of HNC, although to a lesser extent than that of α-HPV. Results for cutaneous HPV were imprecise and less conclusive. Due to possible epidemiologic biases, the true relation between HPV and HNC could be underestimated in the literature. Further improvement in current methods and more studies of the biologic mechanisms of the three genera in HNC development are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid A Al-Soneidar
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Sam Harper
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sreenath A Madathil
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Belinda Nicolau
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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25
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Xiao R, Wu J, Ward BB, Liu H, Li B, Wang C, Xu Q, Han Z, Feng Z. Family History of Cancer is associated with poorer prognosis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35579052 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the family history of cancer (FHC) in predicting survival and clinicopathological features in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-institution study utilized data from 610 patients undergoing surgery from 2014 to 2020 that was prospectively collected and cataloged for research purposes. All patients underwent standard surgery with/without radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. We statistically evaluated whether FHC was associated with changes in disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS). RESULTS Among 610 patients, 141 (23.1%) reported a family history of cancer. The distribution of clinicopathological characteristics was balanced between FHC-positive and FHC-negative OSCC patients. FHC-positive patients had decreased DFS (P=0.005) and DSS (P=0.018) compared to FHC-negative patients. CONCLUSIONS FHC-positive OSCC patients have a poorer prognosis. FHC positivity is an independent predictor of negative outcomes based on DFS and DSS. FHC should be a consideration in screening, evaluating, counseling, and treating OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Brent B Ward
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoshi Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxue Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhien Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Adeoye J, Sakeen Alkandari A, Tan JY, Wang W, Zhu WY, Thomson P, Zheng LW, Choi SW, Su YX. Performance of a simplified scoring system for risk stratification in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:464-473. [PMID: 35312123 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impact and efficiency of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening are most realized in "at-risk" individuals. However, tools that can provide essential knowledge on individuals' risks are not applied in risk-based screening. This study aims to optimize a simplified risk scoring system for risk stratification in organized oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening. METHODS Participants were invited to attend a community-based oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders screening program in Hong Kong. Visual oral examination was performed for all attendees and information on sociodemographic characteristics as well as habitual, lifestyle, familial, and comorbidity risk factors were obtained. Individuals' status of those found to have suspicious lesions following biopsy and histopathology were classified as positive/negative and this outcome was used in a multiple logistic regression analysis with variables collected during screening. Odds ratio weightings were then used to develop a simplified risk scoring system which was validated in an external cohort. RESULTS Of 979 participants, 4.5% had positive status following confirmatory diagnosis. A 12-variable simplified risk scoring system with weightings was generated with an AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.82, 0.71, and 0.78 for delineating high-risk cases. Further optimization on the validation cohort of 491 participants yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 0.75 and 0.87 respectively. CONCLUSIONS The simplified risk scoring system was able to stratify oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders risk with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity and can be applied in risk-based disease screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Adeoye
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Abdulrahman Sakeen Alkandari
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Jia Yan Tan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Weilan Wang
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wang-Yong Zhu
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Peter Thomson
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Li-Wu Zheng
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Siu-Wai Choi
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yu-Xiong Su
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Rajendran S, Lim JH, Yogalingam K, Kallarakkal TG, Zain RB, Jayasinghe RD, Rimal J, Kerr AR, Amtha R, Patil K, Welikala RA, Lim YZ, Remagnino P, Gibson J, Tilakaratne WM, Liew CS, Yang YH, Barman SA, Chan CS, Cheong SC. Image collection and annotation platforms to establish a multi-source database of oral lesions. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35398971 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the development of a platform for image collection and annotation that resulted in a multi-sourced international image dataset of oral lesions to facilitate the development of automated lesion classification algorithms. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a web-interface, hosted on a web server to collect oral lesions images from international partners. Further, we developed a customised annotation tool, also a web-interface for systematic annotation of images to build a rich clinically labelled dataset. We evaluated the sensitivities comparing referral decisions through the annotation process with the clinical diagnosis of the lesions. RESULTS The image repository hosts 2474 images of oral lesions consisting of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders and other oral lesions that were collected through MeMoSA® UPLOAD. Eight-hundred images were annotated by seven oral medicine specialists on MeMoSA® ANNOTATE, to mark the lesion and to collect clinical labels. The sensitivity in referral decision for all lesions that required a referral for cancer management/surveillance was moderate to high depending on the type of lesion (64.3%-100%). CONCLUSION This is the first description of a database with clinically labelled oral lesions. This database could accelerate the improvement of AI algorithms that can promote the early detection of high-risk oral lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Han Lim
- Centre of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosnah Binti Zain
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre (OCRCC), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Malaysia
| | - Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Jyotsna Rimal
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Alexander Ross Kerr
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rahmi Amtha
- Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Karthikeya Patil
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Roshan Alex Welikala
- Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Surrey, UK
| | - Ying Zhi Lim
- Digital Health Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Paolo Remagnino
- Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Surrey, UK
| | - John Gibson
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Chee Sun Liew
- Department of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre of Data Analytics, Research Management & Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Data Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Hsin Yang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sarah Ann Barman
- Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Surrey, UK
| | - Chee Seng Chan
- Centre of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Digital Health Research Unit, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ndayisabye H, Ndagijimana A, Biracyaza E, Umubyeyi A. Factors Associated With Oral Cancer Adverse Outcome at the Rwanda Military Hospital, a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:844254. [PMID: 35368313 PMCID: PMC8971924 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.844254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is one of the most common cancers that remain global public health concerns in low- and middle-income countries. The epidemiology of OC in Africa endures uncertain. Earlier reports suggested a relatively low incidence of OC among Africans. Acting on behavioral factors and setting early diagnosis and treatments of OC can tremendously reduce morbidity and mortality related to it. This study determined factors associated with the OC adverse outcome and death in the Rwanda Military Hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 311 medical records of patients who consulted in the Oral and Maxilla Facial Department between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2019. Associated factors were estimated by use of odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) in bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to estimate predictors of an OC adverse outcome and death. Almost three quarters of the participants were from rural areas (n = 229, 73.6%) and alcohol users (n = 247, 79.1%). Concerning primary site infection, 54.02% of the participants had the intra-oral cavity within the past 5 years. Muslims had greater odds to experience an OC adverse outcome and death [aOR = 6.7; 95% CI (3.8–11.9), p < 0.001] than the Catholics. Those with no formal education significantly had greater likelihoods to have an OC adverse outcome and death [aOR = 2.6; 95% CI (1.3–5.3), p = 0.005] than those with higher education or university. Those with primary education had greater likelihoods [aOR = 1.8; 95% CI (1.1–3.1), p = 0.03] to have an OC adverse outcome than those with higher or university education. Those with oral hygiene had less risk to have an OC adverse outcome and death [aOR = 0.2; 95% CI (0.0–0.9), p = 0.039] than their counterparts. Using multi-sectorial approaches, including policy makers, clinicians, and researchers from public and private institutions, may be of an added value to promote clinical research on OC for earning knowledge, contributing to combat risk behaviors and improve the population's information and education on OC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halifa Ndayisabye
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Clinical and Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Government of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- *Correspondence: Halifa Ndayisabye
| | - Albert Ndagijimana
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Biracyaza
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Programme of Sociotherapy, Prison Fellowship Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Emmanuel Biracyaza
| | - Aline Umubyeyi
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
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29
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Pivovar A, Semprebon E, Furquim CP, Schussel JL, Amenábar JM, Torres-Pereira CC. Innovative reflection on oral cancer research priorities: the contribution of social network analysis. Braz Oral Res 2022; 36:e023. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Almubarak H. The potential role of telemedicine in early detection of oral cancer: A literature review. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S19-S23. [PMID: 36110832 PMCID: PMC9469238 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_641_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year survival rates of oral cancer have not improved significantly since many decades. It is believed that “diagnostic delay” plays a critical role in determining the prognostic outcomes. At present, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to drastic changes within a short period of time and has resulted in many serious consequences at different levels worldwide. Although it is evident that COVID-19 is a major concern when it comes to people's health, it carries with it a message of hope, a desire to survive, and an opportunity to address many unprecedented challenges. This has left the doors wide open to use “telemedicine” as an essential tool to counter the rapid shift in health-care services and to meet the high demands in different health specialties including oral medicine. The aim of this review is to explore the potential roles of telemedicine in early detection of oral cancer and to highlight both the benefits and the limitations of the available applications and technologies. The clinical applications of telemedicine show a great potential in early detection of oral cancer, but the evidence of their effectiveness is still not conclusive. This needs to be investigated, especially in the developing countries where “telemedicine” may prove to be highly valuable in the future.
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Tantray S, Sharma S, Prabhat K, Nasrullah N, Gupta M. Salivary metabolite signatures of oral cancer and leukoplakia through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2022; 26:31-37. [PMID: 35571322 PMCID: PMC9106257 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_335_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saliva contains a large array of metabolites, many of which can be informative for the detection of diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a system that has long been used for metabolite profiling owing to its sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and synchronized analysis; it has relatively broad coverage of compound classes including sugars, sugar alcohols, glycosides and lipophilic compounds. Aim and Objectives The present study was conducted to explore the use of GC-MS in assessing variation in salivary metabolites and to recognize the metabolites which can be used as disease diagnostic tools and metabolite markers for detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods The present study included clinically and histopathologically confirmed oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia patients (OLK) and the control group. Patients were divided into three groups: OSCC (n = 30), OLK (n = 30) and healthy individuals as controls (n = 30). Patients were refrained from eating, drinking, smoking or oral hygiene procedures for at least 1.5 h before the collection. Saliva was collected between 9.00 and 10.00 am. Samples were stored at -80°C. Filtered samples were used for GC-MS. Results Fifteen compounds differed significantly between control, OLK and OSCC. These metabolites were decanedioic acid, 2-methyloctacosane, eicosane, octane, 3,5-dimethyl, pentadecane, hentriacontane, 5, 5-diethylpentadecane, nonadecane, oxalic acid, 6-phenylundecanea, l-proline, 2-furancarboxamide, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol, pentanoic acid, Docosane. Conclusion The findings of the study suggest the application of salivary metabolomics as a promising tool in the identification of tumor-specific biomarkers in early diagnosis and prediction of OSCC and oral leukoplakia. In future, standardizing the protocol for salivary analysis and overcoming some of the limitations will be helpful to establish salivary metabolomics as a reliable, the highly sensitive and specific method for clinical use as an independent diagnostic aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoborose Tantray
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Santosh University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Sharma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Santosh University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kanika Prabhat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Santosh University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Manu Gupta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Santosh Dental College and Hospital, Santosh University, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Sun Z, Sun X, Chen Z, Du J, Wu Y. Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Risk Factors, Molecular Alterations, Immunology and Peptide Vaccines. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 28:19. [PMID: 34903958 PMCID: PMC8653808 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) arises from the epithelial lining of the oral cavity, hypopharynx, oropharynx, and larynx. There are several potential risk factors that cause the generation of HNSCC, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, inadequate nutrition, poor oral hygiene, HPV and Epstein–Barr virus, and Candida albicans infections. HNSCC has causative links to both environmental factors and genetic mutations, with the latter playing a more critical role in cancer progression. These molecular changes to epithelial cells include the inactivation of cancer suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes overexpression, resulting in tumour cell proliferation and distant metastasis. HNSCC patients have impaired dendritic cell (DC) and natural killer (NK) cell functions, increased production of higher immune-suppressive molecules, loss of regulatory T cells and co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ι molecules, lower number of lymphocyte subsets, and a poor response to antigen-presenting cells. At present, the standard treatment modalities for HNSCC patients include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and combinatorial therapy. Despite advances in the development of novel treatment modalities over the last few decades, survival rates of HNSCC patients have not increased. To establish effective immunotherapies, a greater understanding of interactions between the immune system and HNSCC is required, and there is a particular need to develop novel therapeutic options. A therapeutic cancer vaccine has been proposed as a promising method to improve outcome by inducing a powerful adaptive immune response that leads to cancer cell elimination. Compared with other vaccines, peptide cancer vaccines are more robust and specific. In the past few years, there have been remarkable achievements in peptide-based vaccines for HNSCC patients. Here, we summarize the latest molecular alterations in HNSCC, explore the immune response to HNSCC, and discuss the latest developments in peptide-based cancer vaccine strategies. This review highlights areas for valuable future research focusing on peptide-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endodontics, Gaoxin Branch of Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250000 China
| | - Zhanwei Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021 China
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Abd El-Aziz YS, Leck LYW, Jansson PJ, Sahni S. Emerging Role of Autophagy in the Development and Progression of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6152. [PMID: 34944772 PMCID: PMC8699656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process, which is characterized by degradation of damaged proteins and organelles needed to supply the cell with essential nutrients. At basal levels, autophagy is important to maintain cellular homeostasis and development. It is also a stress responsive process that allows the cells to survive when subjected to stressful conditions such as nutrient deprivation. Autophagy has been implicated in many pathologies including cancer. It is well established that autophagy plays a dual role in different cancer types. There is emerging role of autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and progression. This review will focus on the role played by autophagy in relation to different aspects of cancer progression and discuss recent studies exploring the role of autophagy in OSCC. It will further discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target autophagy in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomna S. Abd El-Aziz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Lionel Y. W. Leck
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Patric J. Jansson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
- Cancer Drug Resistance and Stem Cell Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Sumit Sahni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (Y.S.A.E.-A.); (L.Y.W.L.); (P.J.J.)
- Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2064, Australia
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Kumar G, Jena S, Jnaneswar A, Jha K, Suresan V, Singh A. Advancements in diagnostic techniques for oral cancer detection. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2021; 71:192-198. [PMID: 34851069 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.21.04637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Oral malignancy is among the highest prevalent malignancies all over the world. In comparison to systemic malignancies such as lung cancer and colon cancer, they are frequently overlooked by the general public. Nevertheless, they can be exceedingly lethal if left ignored, regardless at the early stage of the condition. Dentists are the finest qualified healthcare specialists in this sector and are responsible for detecting benign and potentially malignant oral conditions such as oral cancers. Oral carcinoma's high prevalence and delayed appearance are serious international medical concerns. Early detection and management of oral carcinoma are the key goals of the World Health Organization (WHO). The identification of key clinical manifestations during the preliminary oral examination can enhance the patient's likelihood of living. Unfortunately, the conventional technology's practical value is limited by a number of drawbacks. Current advancements in optical scanning techniques, such as tissue-fluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography, have proven to be quite effective. In particular, nanoparticle-based immunosensors, genomics, and salivary biomarkers, epigenetics and microarray have all received a lot of attention. Raising awareness about frequent dental examinations and using noninvasive, effective, and cost-effective screening tools would improve initial stage detection of oral carcinoma and improve patients' longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Science, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Samikshya Jena
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Science, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India -
| | - Avinash Jnaneswar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Science, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kunal Jha
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Science, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Vinay Suresan
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Kalinga Institute of Dental Science, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Arpita Singh
- KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Bigagli E, Locatello LG, Di Stadio A, Maggiore G, Valdarnini F, Bambi F, Gallo O, Luceri C. Extracellular vesicles miR-210 as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and survival prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2021; 51:350-357. [PMID: 34800057 PMCID: PMC9300091 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The identification of early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an unmet clinical need. We hypothesized that extracellular vesicles miR‐210 expression (EV‐miR‐210) could be a potential biomarker for OSCC diagnosis and follow‐up. Methods The expression of EV‐miR‐210 was measured in the plasma of OSCC patients (n = 30) and compared to that of controls (n = 14). Results The median EV‐miR‐210 expression was significantly higher in OSCC patients compared to controls who had often, undetectable levels (p < 0.0001). We performed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis for discriminating OSCC cases from controls. EV‐miR‐210 yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9513 with sensitivity 92.3% and specificity 86.6%. Kaplan‐Meier curves indicated that high EV‐miR‐210 expression was associated with worse 3 years’ survival (p < 0.05). Cox regression hazard model indicated that high EV‐miR‐210, G2, and G3 grading and pathological nodal status (pN)>1 were independent predictors of worse survival in OSCC patients. Conclusion These preliminary data suggest that EV‐mir‐210 may be a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Bigagli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Arianna Di Stadio
- Department of Otolaryngology, Silvestrini University Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Valdarnini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Bambi
- Cell Factory Meyer, "A. Meyer" University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Oreste Gallo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Extraoral photobiomodulation for prevention of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: interim analysis of a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:2225-2236. [PMID: 34708311 PMCID: PMC8550910 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of prophylactic extraoral photobiomodulation (PBM) for the prevention of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis (OM) on clinical outcomes and survival in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC). Methods OOPSCC patients who received radiotherapy (RT) were prospectively randomized to two groups: prophylactic extraoral PBM and placebo. OM grade (NCI), pain (VAS), analgesia, and anti-inflammatory prescriptions were assessed weekly. Quality of life questionnaires (QoL) were performed at the first and last day of RT. Following RT, participants were evaluated quarterly for oncological outcomes follow-up. Results Fifty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. The first occurrence of OM was observed at week 1, for the placebo group (p = 0.014). Later, OM onset and severity was observed for the PBM group, with first occurrence at week 2 (p = 0.009). No difference in severe OM incidence was observed (p > 0.05). Lower mean pain score was noted at week 7 for the PBM group (2.1) compared to placebo group (4.5) (p = 0.009). Less analgesics (week 3; p = 0.009/week 7; p = 0.02) and anti-inflammatory prescription (week 5; p = 0.0346) were observed for the PBM group. Better QoL scores were observed for the PBM group at last day of RT (p = 0.0034). No difference in overall survival among groups was observed in 1 year of follow-up (p = 0.889). Conclusion Prophylactic extraoral PBM can delay OM onset, reduce pain, and reduce analgesic and anti-inflammatory prescription requirements. Extraoral PBM was associated with better QoL. There was no evidence of PBM impact on oncological outcomes. Trial registration TRN:RBR-4w4swx (date of registration: 01/20/2020). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00520-021-06625-8.
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Long-term swallowing-related outcomes in oral cancer patients receiving proactive swallowing therapy. Oral Oncol 2021; 122:105569. [PMID: 34656054 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of proactive swallowing rehabilitation on swallowing function and quality of life (QoL) in oral cancer patients in the first two years after definitive treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive adult patients with locally advanced oral cancer who received radical surgery, free flap reconstruction, and adjuvant radiotherapy were recruited prospectively, to whom proactive swallowing rehabilitation was provided. Body weight (BW); fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), functional oral intake scale (FOIS), and diet level; 10-item eating assessment tool (EAT-10), and MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI); and adherence at baseline, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 104 patients were included during May 2018 to July 2020. Compared to the baseline, significant deterioration in BW, FOIS, and MDADI was noted at one month. However, a trend of recovery was observed in FOIS from one month, and in BW and MDADI from three months. A total of 94% patients were free of tube feeding at 12 months but with a diet requiring special preparations or compensation. Safe swallowing could be achieved in approximately 90% of the participants after six months with diet modification or compensatory maneuvers. BW at 18 and 24 months did not differ significantly from baseline. CONCLUSION Proactive swallowing therapy is feasible for patients with locally advanced oral cancer receiving definitive treatments. It facilitates safe oral intake and adequate nutrition. Patients who performed swallowing exercises had a faster and better recovery in swallowing function and swallowing-related QoL.
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Huang H, Kim MO, Kim KR. Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Appl Oral Sci 2021; 29:e20210209. [PMID: 34644781 PMCID: PMC8523100 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common type of cancer that leads to death; and is becoming a global concern. Due to the lack of efficient chemotherapeutic agents for patients with oral cancer, the prognosis remains poor. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, has a broad spectrum of bioactivities and has been widely used to relieve many diseases. However, its effects on human oral cancer have not yet been fully evaluated. In our study, we investigated the anticancer effects of 6-shogaol on the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and underlying mechanisms within human OSCC cell lines. Methodology We investigated the effect of 6-shogaol on the growth of OSCC cells by cell viability and soft agar colony formation assay. Migration and invasion assays were conducted to confirm the effect 6-shogaol on OSCC cell metastasis. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the underlying mechanism on the antigrowth effect of 6-shogaol in OSCC cells was assessed using western blotting. Results In our results, 6-shogaol not only suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth in OSCC cells, but also induced apoptosis by regulating the apoptosis-associated factors such as p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Migration and invasion of OSCC cells were inhibited following the regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by 6-shogaol. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Therefore, our results may provide critical evidence that 6-shogaol can be a potential new therapeutic candidate for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Ok Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Rim Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Department of Dental Hygiene, Sangju, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Zhou Z, Mai K, Li P, Wang Z, Wang Y, Cao Y, Ma X, Zhang T, Wang D. Protein overexpression of toll-like receptor 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:786. [PMID: 34594427 PMCID: PMC8456488 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of malignancy of the head and neck. In the present study, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) was evaluated in 55 OSCC tissues and their corresponding adjacent tissues using immunohistochemistry and reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. The results indicated that TLR4 and MyD88 were overexpressed in OSCC. Furthermore, high expression of MyD88 was negatively associated with a poor degree of differentiation, recurrence and metastasis of the tumor and was positively associated with underlying disease, including hypertension, heart disease and diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, high expression of TLR4 was positively associated with a long growth time of the tumor. In conclusion, the present study evaluated the expression levels of TLR4 and MyD88 in OSCC, as well as the association between them and clinicopathological factors, to provide markers for the prognosis and treatment of OSCC. These two genes may serve as biomarkers to optimize OSCC treatment, setting a new direction for stratifying patients and developing precise and personalized treatment regimens; the TLR4/MyD88 pathway may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Department of Stomatology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi 530028, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoqian Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Khangvu Mai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Zongqi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xuemeng Ma
- Department of Pathology, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Daiyou Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China.,Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Identification of Possible Salivary Metabolic Biomarkers and Altered Metabolic Pathways in South American Patients Diagnosed with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100650. [PMID: 34677365 PMCID: PMC8537096 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents 90% of oral malignant neoplasms. The search for specific biomarkers for OSCC is a very active field of research contributing to establishing early diagnostic methods and unraveling underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In this work we investigated the salivary metabolites and the metabolic pathways of OSCC aiming find possible biomarkers. Salivary metabolites samples from 27 OSCC patients and 41 control individuals were compared through a gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS) technique. Our results allowed identification of pathways of the malate-aspartate shuttle, the beta-alanine metabolism, and the Warburg effect. The possible salivary biomarkers were identified using the area under receiver-operating curve (AUC) criterion. Twenty-four metabolites were identified with AUC > 0.8. Using the threshold of AUC = 0.9 we find malic acid, maltose, protocatechuic acid, lactose, 2-ketoadipic, and catechol metabolites expressed. We notice that this is the first report of salivary metabolome in South American oral cancer patients, to the best of our knowledge. Our findings regarding these metabolic changes are important in discovering salivary biomarkers of OSCC patients. However, additional work needs to be performed considering larger populations to validate our results.
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Bezerra HKF, Passos KKM, Leonel ACLDS, Carvalho EJDA, Nascimento EHLD, Ramos-Perez FMDM, Perez DEDC. Identifying misconceptions about oral radiology and medicine among dental students. J Dent Educ 2021; 86:144-153. [PMID: 34542910 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES Misconceptions are learning deficiencies that can lead to inappropriate clinical decision-making in dental practice. Although misconceptions are common among students, they are rarely analyzed in dental education. Thus, this study aimed to identify and analyze students' misconceptions about oral radiology and medicine at a Brazilian dental school. METHODS Between October 2019 and March 2020, a self-administered anonymous questionnaire was distributed to dental students at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil, which comprised multiple-choice questions about oral radiology and medicine. The questions were divided into two groups: 10 knowledge-based questions (less demand for reasoning) and five scenario-based questions (higher demand for reasoning). The students' responses were assessed for correctness (correct or incorrect) and confidence (sure or unsure), while misconceptions were identified when a student was sure of an incorrect response. Pearson's chi-square test was used to analyze the variables (α = 0.05). RESULTS A total of 1380 responses were collected. Misconceptions represented 24.3% (n = 336) of the total responses and 56.8% of the incorrect responses. The mean misconceptions per student were 3.7 (range, 0-8). Students who chose incorrect answers tended to have higher confidence levels (p < 0.001). Moreover, misconceptions were more frequent for scenario-based questions (25.7%) than for knowledge-based questions (23.7%) (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION A large number of misconceptions existed among participants. Our findings will aid educators and students in identifying misconceptions and planning measures to prevent and correct them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elaine Judite de Amorim Carvalho
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez
- School of Dentistry, Department of Clinical and Preventive Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Lin KY, Su TC, Yeh CM, Chao WR, Sung WW. High Expression of MTA1 Predicts Unfavorable Survival in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. In Vivo 2021; 35:2363-2368. [PMID: 34182519 PMCID: PMC8286510 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) plays a role in ATP-dependent nucleosome disruption activity and histone deacetylase activity and may indicate DNA methylation activity. MTA1 may also be involved in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS MTA1 immunoreactivity was analyzed using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining analysis in specimens from 281 OSCC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the prognostic value of MTA1 for overall survival. RESULTS High MTA1 expression was significantly associated with female gender and lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analyses showed the independent prognostic role of high MTA1 expression in patients with OSCC of poorer mean survival. CONCLUSION MTA1 expression, detected by IHC staining, could be an independent prognostic marker for patients of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Cheng Su
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung-Min Yeh
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Ru Chao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.;
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Roi A, Roi CI, Andreescu NI, Riviş M, Badea ID, Meszaros N, Rusu LC, Iurciuc S. Oral cancer histopathological subtypes in association with risk factors: a 5-year retrospective study. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:1213-1220. [PMID: 34171069 PMCID: PMC8343614 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oral cancer is a worldwide public health problem, being the sixth most common neoplasm. The high mortality rate of this type of cancer is due to a delayed diagnosis, a fast evolution and metastasis, no primary symptomatology, the multitude of risk factors and the lack of awareness among the population concerning oral malignancy. Aim: The aim of this 5-year retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of oral cancer patients in the Clinic of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Emergency County Hospital, Timişoara, Romania and quantify the histopathological (HP) subtypes, localization, age, gender, tumor staging and differentiation, positive loco-regional lymph nodes and risk factors. Patients, Materials and Methods: A number of 129 patients diagnosed with oral cancer were included in the study and their medical records were analyzed. A statistical analysis was performed that included the variables gender, age, tumor staging, differentiation grade, HP subtype, lymph nodes, localization, and risk factors. Results: Our results outlined a high prevalence of oral cancer among males (65.9%), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being the most common HP subtype. Tumor staging revealed the fact that the majority of were T3 and T4 tumors with dissemination in the loco-regional lymph nodes. In 52% of the cases, tobacco was identified as a risk factor, and the association of tobacco and alcohol was present in 28.3% of the cases. Conclusions: The early diagnosis is crucial for the improvement of oral cancer survival rate. The oral cavity is permanently exposed to carcinogenic substances that associated with other risk factors have an influence upon the incidence of oral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Roi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania; ,
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Gudi S, O'Sullivan B, Hosni A, Su J, Hope A, Ringash J, Hueniken K, Liu G, Tong L, Goldstein D, de Almeida J, Hansen AR, Bratman SV, Cho J, Giuliani M, Hahn E, Kim J, Xu W, Waldron J, Huang SH. Outcome and treatment toxicity in east-indian versus white-canadian patients with oral cavity cancer following postoperative (chemo-)radiotherapy delivered under similar multidisciplinary care: A propensity-matched cohort study. Oral Oncol 2021; 120:105419. [PMID: 34175612 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compare clinical behaviour of East-Indians and White-Canadians with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated at a Western institution within a uniform health care system. MATERIALS/METHODS Newly diagnosed OSCC patients who underwent postoperative (chemo-)radiotherapy (PORT/POCRT) between 2005 and 2017 were included. Data on ethnicity and other variables were extracted from patient-questionnaires, a prospective database and supplemented by chart review. Baseline characteristics were compared between East-Indian versus White-Canadian groups. A propensity-matched (1:1 ratio) of East-Indian versus White-Canadian cohorts was generated to compare locoregional control (LRC), distant control (DC), overall survival (OS), and acute and late toxicities. RESULTS A total of 53 East-Indian and 467 White-Canadian OSCC patients were identified. Compared to White-Canadians, East-Indian patients were younger, had less exposure to smoking and alcohol (p < 0.001), but more chewed betel (areca) nut /tobacco (43% vs 0.2%, p < 0.001). Buccal/retromolar-trigone/lower gingiva primaries were more common in East-Indians (49% vs 25%, p < 0.001). Median follow-up was 5.0 years. Propensity-score paired analysis revealed inferior 3-year LRC (68% vs 81%, p = 0.030), non-significantly lower OS (61% vs 75%, p = 0.257), but similar DC (81% vs 87%, p = 0.428) in East-Indian versus White-Canadian patients. Actuarial rate of toxicities was higher in East-Indians vs White-Canadians: acute toxicity at 6 weeks: 47% vs 30%, p = 0.012; chronic trismus at 5-years: 16% vs 2%, p = 0.013. CONCLUSION East-Indian OSCC patients have a greater betel nut/ chewable tobacco exposure compared to White-Canadians and a different distribution of OSCC sites. Propensity-matched cohort analysis showed lower LRC and higher toxicities in East-Indian OSCC patients, suggesting a complicated interaction between genetic/biological and life-style factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar Gudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ali Hosni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Andrew Hope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jolie Ringash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Katrina Hueniken
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - John de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - John Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Meredith Giuliani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ezra Hahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - John Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - John Waldron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Shao Hui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
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Pakravan F, Abbasi F, Garshasbi MA, Isfahani MN. Relationship between oral cancer stage and elapsed time from the onset of signs and symptoms to diagnosis and treatment. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100428. [PMID: 34225105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer includes a variety of diagnoses of malignancies that manifest in the oral tissues. Prognosis and treatment depend on the site of involvement, the time of diagnosis, and the stage of the tumor. Early diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions facilitates the early detection of cancer, which is a key step for treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between delayed referral of patients with oral cancer and disease progression at the time of diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 108 patients with a definitive diagnosis of oral cancer by a standardized questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, frequency, frequency percentage, and inferential statistics, including logistic regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS The mean time of referral to a therapist was 17.73 ± 22.80 weeks, with 53 (49.1%) patients having a delay of more than 10 weeks. Age, education level, smoking, disease stage, N class, M class, and type of cancer were not significantly associated with the incidence of delay (P>0.05). Patients whose first signs were significant bleeding and/or unrecovered ulceration showed a significant reduction in the delay time (OR = 0.024 and P = 0.038). CONCLUSION There was no significant relationship between the disease progression in oral cancer and the time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis and treatment. Hence, it seems necessary to take appropriate measures to enhance public awareness of oral cancer and its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Pakravan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abbasi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Garshasbi
- Dental Students Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nasr Isfahani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Patel K, Bhat FA, Patil S, Routray S, Mohanty N, Nair B, Sidransky D, Ganesh MS, Ray JG, Gowda H, Chatterjee A. Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Delineated by Tobacco Usage Habits. Front Oncol 2021; 11:660696. [PMID: 34136393 PMCID: PMC8200776 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.660696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cancer of the oral cavity in India. Cigarette smoking and chewing tobacco are known risk factors associated with OSCC. However, genomic alterations in OSCC with varied tobacco consumption history are not well-characterized. In this study, we carried out whole-exome sequencing to characterize the mutational landscape of OSCC tumors from subjects with different tobacco consumption habits. We identified several frequently mutated genes, including TP53, NOTCH1, CASP8, RYR2, LRP2, CDKN2A, and ATM. TP53 and HRAS exhibited mutually exclusive mutation patterns. We identified recurrent amplifications in the 1q31, 7q35, 14q11, 22q11, and 22q13 regions and observed amplification of EGFR in 25% of samples with tobacco consumption history. We observed genomic alterations in several genes associated with PTK6 signaling. We observed alterations in clinically actionable targets including ERBB4, HRAS, EGFR, NOTCH1, NOTCH4, and NOTCH3. We observed enrichment of signature 29 in 40% of OSCC samples from tobacco chewers. Signature 15 associated with defective DNA mismatch repair was enriched in 80% of OSCC samples. NOTCH1 was mutated in 36% of samples and harbored truncating as well as missense variants. We observed copy number alterations in 67% of OSCC samples. Several genes associated with non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling were affected in OSCC. These molecules can serve as potential candidates for therapeutic targeting in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Patel
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Firdous Ahmad Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samapika Routray
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha' O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Neeta Mohanty
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha' O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bipin Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Jay Gopal Ray
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College & Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India.,Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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KESER G, ÖZTÜRK M, NAMDAR PEKİNER F. ASSESSMENT OF AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF ORAL CANCER AMONG TOBACCO-USING DENTAL PATIENTS. CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.753980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kartini D, Taher A, Panigoro SS, Setiabudy R, Jusman SW, Haryana SM, Murdani A, Rustamadji P, Karisyah A, Rasyid SH. Melatonin effect on hypoxia inducible factor-1α and clinical response in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A randomized controlled trial. J Carcinog 2021; 20:5. [PMID: 34429714 PMCID: PMC8335757 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_19_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Chemoresistance is a major issue in patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of melatonin in conjunction with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression and clinical response in locally advanced OSCC patients. AIMS To study the effects of melatonin on HIF-1α expression and its effect on the clinical response of patients with locally advanced OSCC. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A randomized controlled trial was conducted, wherein patients were recruited from several hospitals in Jakarta, Indonesia. Patients were randomized into two groups using computerized block randomization. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Both groups were given NC, with treatment group receiving melatonin. Outcomes measured in this study were HIF-1α expression from tissue samples and clinical response based on the RECIST 1.1 criteria. Twenty-five patients completed the study protocol and were included in the data analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Shapiro-Wilk test was used to test the data normality. For data with normal distribution, we conducted an independent t-test to compare between the two groups. Data with abnormal distribution were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U-test. The mean difference between the two groups was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk normality test. RESULTS Our study showed a significant decrease in HIF-1α expression in the melatonin group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05, relative risk 3.08). However, the degree of reduction of HIF-1α expression in the melatonin group did not differ significantly (P = 0.301). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that melatonin administered at 20 mg/day could reduce the expression of HIF-1α and residual tumor percentage, but did not affect the clinical response in OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diani Kartini
- Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Akmal Taher
- Department of Urology, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sonar Soni Panigoro
- Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rianto Setiabudy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sri Widia Jusman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofia Mubarika Haryana
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdullah Murdani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Primariadewi Rustamadji
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adlina Karisyah
- Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sani Hadiyan Rasyid
- Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Time-to-Treatment in Oral Cancer: Causes and Implications for Survival. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061321. [PMID: 33809427 PMCID: PMC8000007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to identify and describe the causes that influence the time-intervals in the pathway of diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer and to assess its impact on prognosis and survival. The review was structured according to the recommendations of the Aarhus statement, considering original data from individual studies and systematic reviews that reported outcomes related to the patient, diagnostic and pre-treatment intervals. The patient interval is the major contributor to the total time-interval. Unawareness of signs and/or symptoms, denial and lack of knowledge about oral cancer are the major contributors to the process of seeking medical attention. The diagnostic interval is influenced by tumor factors, delays in referral due to higher number of consultations and previous treatment with different medicines or dental procedures and by professional factors such as experience and lack of knowledge related to the disease and diagnostic procedures. Patients with advanced stage disease, primary treatment with radiotherapy, treatment at an academic facility and transitions in care are associated with prolonged pre-treatment intervals. An emerging body of evidence supports the impact of prolonged pre-treatment and treatment intervals with poorer survival from oral cancer.
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Ilhan B, Guneri P, Wilder-Smith P. The contribution of artificial intelligence to reducing the diagnostic delay in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2021; 116:105254. [PMID: 33711582 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is the sixth most commonly reported malignant disease globally, with high rates of disease-related morbidity and mortality due to advanced loco-regional stage at diagnosis. Early detection and prompt treatment offer the best outcomes to patients, yet the majority of OC lesions are detected at late stages with 45% survival rate for 2 years. The primary cause of poor OC outcomes is unavailable or ineffective screening and surveillance at the local point-of-care level, leading to delays in specialist referral and subsequent treatment. Lack of adequate awareness of OC among the public and professionals, and barriers to accessing health care services in a timely manner also contribute to delayed diagnosis. As image analysis and diagnostic technologies are evolving, various artificial intelligence (AI) approaches, specific algorithms and predictive models are beginning to have a considerable impact in improving diagnostic accuracy for OC. AI based technologies combined with intraoral photographic images or optical imaging methods are under investigation for automated detection and classification of OC. These new methods and technologies have great potential to improve outcomes, especially in low-resource settings. Such approaches can be used to predict oral cancer risk as an adjunct to population screening by providing real-time risk assessment. The objective of this study is to (1) provide an overview of components of delayed OC diagnosis and (2) evaluate novel AI based approaches with respect to their utility and implications for improving oral cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Ilhan
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Pelin Guneri
- Ege University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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