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Xie ZH, Li LF, Zhu HS, Huang WL, Lin JW, Chen W, Ou JM. [Epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever in Fujian Province, 2011-2022]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:207-212. [PMID: 38413058 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230830-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2022, and understand the high-incidence population and hotspot areas, and provide evidences to develop more targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: The surveillance data of typhoid fever during 2011-2022 in Fujian Province were obtained from the National Disease Reporting Information System and analyzed with SAS 9.4. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of typhoid fever incidence at county/district levels was performed with ArcGlS 10.8. Results: A total of 5 126 cases of typhoid fever were reported in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.10/100 000. The average annual incidence rate was 0.96/100 000 from 2011 to 2015, 1.49/100 000 from 2016 to 2019, and 0.81/100 000 from 2020 to 2022. The disease occurred all the year round, with high epidemic season from May to September. A total of 23.59% (1 209/5 126) of the cases occurred at the age of 0-4, and 9.62% (493/5 126) at the age of 5-9. The male to female ratio of the cases was 0.97∶1 (2 524∶2 602) for the whole population, 1.19∶1 (925∶777) for people under 10 years old, 0.75∶1 (1 060∶1 404) for people between 10 and 54 years old, and 1.28∶1 (539∶421) for people over 55 years old. Cases in Ningde City accounted for 30.65% (1 571/5 126) of the total cases. Most hotspots were occurred in Ningde City. Recurrent and clustered cases were found in family members. Conclusions: Typhoid fever was prevalent at a low level in Fujian Province during 2011-2022, indicating that strengthening the prevention and control measures should target key areas and populations. The incidence of typhoid fever in Fujian Province showed spatial aggregation phenomenon, and most cases gathered in Ningde City. Intensive study for the influencing factors of spatial clustering should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Xie
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - L F Li
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - H S Zhu
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W L Huang
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J W Lin
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W Chen
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J M Ou
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Lin JW, Fu SC, Liu JM, Liu SH, Lee KI, Fang KM, Hsu RJ, Huang CF, Liu KM, Chang KC, Su CC, Chen YW. Chlorpyrifos induces neuronal cell death via both oxidative stress and Akt activation downstream-regulated CHOP-triggered apoptotic pathways. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 86:105483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Su CC, Lin JW, Chang KY, Wu CT, Liu SH, Chang KC, Liu JM, Lee KI, Fang KM, Chen YW. Involvement of AMPKα and MAPK-ERK/-JNK Signals in Docetaxel-Induced Human Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213857. [PMID: 36430348 PMCID: PMC9696237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of the oral cavity can develop in the anatomic area extending from the lip, gum, tongue, mouth, and to the palate. Histologically, about 85-90% of oral cavity cancers are of the type squamous cells carcinomas (SCCs). The incidence of oral tongue SCC is higher in the tongue than any other anatomic area of the oral cavity. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of docetaxel, which is a paclitaxel antitumor agent, on the cell growth of a human tongue SCC-derived SAS cell line. The results showed that docetaxel (10-300 nM) induced cytotoxicity and caspase-3 activity in SAS cells. Moreover, docetaxel (100 nM) promoted the expression of apoptosis-related signaling molecules, including the cleavages of caspase-3, caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In mitochondria, docetaxel (100 nM) decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression and increased cytosolic cytochrome c protein expression and Bax mRNA and protein expression. In terms of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, docetaxel increased the expression of phosphorylated (p)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p-AMPKα protein expression but not p-p38 protein expression. Moreover, the increase in caspase-3/-7 activity and Bax protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression and MMP depolarization observed in docetaxel-treated SAS cells could be reversed by treatment with either SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), PD98059 (an MEK1/2 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2) inhibitor), or compound c (an AMPK inhibitor). The docetaxel-induced increases in p-JNK, p-ERK, and p-AMPKα protein expression could also be reversed by treatment with either SP600125, PD98059, or compound c. These results indicate that docetaxel induces human tongue SCC cell apoptosis via interdependent MAPK-JNK, MAPK-ERK1/2, and AMPKα signaling pathways. Our results show that docetaxel could possibly exert a potent pharmacological effect on human oral tongue SCC cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Wei Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yao Chang
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chih Chang
- Center for Digestive Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Department of Urology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-M.F.); (Y.-W.C.)
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-M.F.); (Y.-W.C.)
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Xie ZH, Lin JW, Huang WL, Zhu HS, Li LF, Chen W, Ou JM. [Analysis on repetitive reporting of hepatitis B in Fujian province, 2016-2020]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:343-347. [PMID: 35345288 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210630-00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the repetitive reporting of hepatitis B in Fujian province during 2016-2020, and provide evidence for the improvement of hepatitis B surveillance. Methods: The reporting cards from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were collected and divided into repetitive reporting cards and non-repetitive reporting cards from the report cards collected according to the valid ID number on the cards, and the proportion of repetitive report cards and related factors were analyzed by using software SAS 9.4. Results: A total of 314 551 hepatitis B reporting cards were submitted in Fujian from 2016 to 2020, in which 90.93% (286 020/314 551) were included in the analysis. The repetitive reporting cards accounted for 10.48% (29 982/286 020). The annual proportion of the repetitive reporting cards from 2016 to 2020 was between 2.98% and 3.71%, showing an overall increasing trend year by year (Z=2.26, P=0.024). The proportions of the repetitive reporting cards in 1-5 years were 3.17%, 5.40%, 7.74%, 9.27% and 10.48%, respectively, showing an increase trend with year (Z=128.16, P<0.001). The proportions of the repetitive reporting cards in 10 areas of Fujian ranged from 5.44% to 13.48% with significant difference (χ2=2 050.41, P<0.001) and increased with the increase of reported incidence of hepatitis B (Z=26.92, P<0.001). There were significant differences in relationships between repetitive reporting proportion and sex, age and type of the cases between the areas with high incidence and low incidence of hepatitis B. Conclusions: The reported incidence of hepatitis B was seriously affected by the repetitive reporting in Fujian from 2016 to 2020. A cross-year and cross-area surveillance mechanism for hepatitis B should be established and targeted measures should be taken to strengthen the control of the repetitive reporting and improve the surveillance for hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Xie
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J W Lin
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W L Huang
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - H S Zhu
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - L F Li
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W Chen
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J M Ou
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Fu SC, Lin JW, Liu JM, Liu SH, Fang KM, Su CC, Hsu RJ, Wu CC, Huang CF, Lee KI, Chen YW. Arsenic induces autophagy-dependent apoptosis via Akt inactivation and AMPK activation signaling pathways leading to neuronal cell death. Neurotoxicology 2021; 85:133-144. [PMID: 34038756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic (As3+), a well-known worldwide industrial and environmental pollutant, has been linked to neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). Autophagy plays an important role in controlling neuronal cell survival/death. However, limited information is available regarding the toxicological mechanism at the interplay between autophagy and As3+-induced neurotoxicity. The present study found that As3+ exposure induced a concomitant activation of apoptosis and autophagy in Neuro-2a cells, which was accompanied with the increase of phosphatidylserine exposure on outer membrane leaflets and apoptotic cell population, and the activation of caspase-3, -7, and PARP as well as the elevation of protein expressions of LC3-II, Atg-5, and Beclin-1, and the accumulation of autophagosome. Pretreatment of cells with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA, but not that of Z-VAD-FMK (a pan-caspase inhibitor), effectively prevented the As3+-induced autophagic and apoptotic responses, indicating that As3+-triggered autophagy was contributing to neuronal cell apoptosis. Furthermore, As3+ exposure evoked the dephosphorylation of Akt. Pretreatment with SC79, an Akt activator, could significantly attenuated As3+-induced Akt inactivation as well as autophagic and apoptotic events. Expectedly, inhibition of Akt signaling with LY294002 obviously enhanced As3+-triggered autophagy and apoptosis. Exposure to As3+ also dramatically increased the phosphorylation level of AMPKα. Pretreatment of AMPK inhibitor (Compound C) could markedly abrogate the As3+-induced phosphorylated AMPKα expression, and autophagy and apoptosis activation. Taken together, these results indicated that As3+ exerted its cytotoxicity in neuronal cells via the Akt inactivation/AMPK activation downstream-regulated autophagy-dependent apoptosis pathways, which ultimately lead to cell death. Our findings suggest that the regulation of Akt/AMPK signals may be a promising intervention to against As3+-induced neurotoxicity and NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chang Fu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Wei Lin
- Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County, 500, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jun Hsu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan; Biobank Management Center of Tri-Service General Hospital and Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ching Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fa Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 413, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, 427, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Lin JW, Chang CH, Caffrey JL. Examining the association between oral health status and dementia: A nationwide nested case-controlled study. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:231-244. [PMID: 32039633 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220904924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease as a consequence of chronic brain inflammation mediated by infectious microbes including the oral microbiome continues to attract support. Taiwan’s National Insurance database was used to evaluate associations between dental health and Alzheimer’s disease; 209,112 new cases of Alzheimer’s disease were matched 1:4 with 836,448 dementia-free controls to test the hypothesis that better dental health would be associated with less occurrence of dementia. Ten year dental records and conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Subgroup analyses compared vascular Alzheimer’s disease and sporadic Alzheimer’s disease. As the population aged, Alzheimer’s disease diagnoses were more frequent with a 10 fold upward inflection after 60. Nearly 56% of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease patients were women but less than 50% had vascular Alzheimer’s disease. Comorbidities were 10–20% higher in the Alzheimer’s disease patients than in controls, but stroke, chronic infection, and pneumonia were 40–45% more common in the vascular Alzheimer’s disease patients. Heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, peripheral artery disease, pneumonia, and herpetic disease (HSV) were all associated with higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease. HSV was not a factor in the vascular Alzheimer’s disease. Routine dental procedures tended to lower odds ratios. Root canals and extractions that restore oral homeostasis were associated with lower odds of dementia. However, when extractions exceeded four, the odds of Alzheimer’s disease rose. The fact that Alzheimer’s disease was not associated with periodontal procedures per se but with more frequent periodontal emergencies suggested again a chronic issue. Dental health costs suggest that good dental care was associated with lower odds of Alzheimer’s disease except for radiographic costs which were consistently associated with higher odds, independent of oral health. Common comorbid conditions were associated with higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease and oral health care was associated with lower odds, providing support for the hypothesis that the oral microbiome is a factor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Impact statement This study clearly demonstrates the power and value of a nationally applied digital medical record. Longitudinal studies of gradually developing pathologies like dementia have often been limited by sample size and narrow and incomplete medical histories. The Taiwan National Insurance database provides an unparalleled opportunity for detailed analyses of associations between current medical conditions and a spectrum of prior medical and dental events. The temporal impact of the database will only become more important as the past historical record progressively expands going forward. The inclusion of dental records in assessing the relationship with subsequent dementia is very important because this information is often unavailable or dependent on subject recall. This study clearly establishes associations between a variety of suspected cardiovascular and metabolic factors and the odds of dementia. A critical outcome should include the design of targeted interventions and the subsequent assessment of their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu City, Yunlin County 64051
| | - C H Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10617
| | - J L Caffrey
- Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX 76107, USA
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Lin JW, Yu HY, Chen YS. P38 Developing a model for predicting in-hospital death in patients with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehz872.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Minister of Science and Technology
Background
The objective of this study was to develop a predicting model for estimating the odds of in-hospital death in the patients who receive extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).
Methods
Adult patients who received ECMO for a variety of etiologies in our National University Hospital from 2005 and 2016 were included. The demographic, anthropometric, hemodynamic, and laboratory data when ECMO was instituted were recorded for each individual. A logistic regression model was applied to find the risk variables that were independently associated with in-hospital mortality. The predicted probability derived from the model was used to plot a receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve, and area under curve (AUC) was found to represent the differentiating capacity of this approach.
Results
A total of 919 patients (659 men and 260 women) were included in the analysis. The mean age was 53.7[SD 15.9] years. The analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.018, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.008-1.028 per year), blood urea nitrogen (1.008 [1.001-1.014] per mg/dL), use of inotropic agent in terms of inotropic equivalent (1.007 [1.002-1.013]), the presence of cardiogenic shock (1.910 [1.097-3.327]), and the need of hemodialysis (2.262 [1.304-3.926]) were positively associated with mortality. In addition, body surface area (OR: 0.414 [0.204-0.840] per square meter), systolic blood pressure (0.995 [0.990-0.999] per mmHg), Glasgow Coma Scale (0.928 [0.899-0.957] per unit), pH value (0.395 [0.158-0.988] for each unit), and urine output (OR: 0.974 [0.964-0.985] per dL) were negatively associated with the probability of in-hospital death. The AUC in ROC analysis was 0.754 (95% CI: 0.722-0.787).
Conclusion
The predicting model that used a simple set of physiological parameters could substantially discriminate whether the patients receiving ECMO could survive the in-hospital course. Further studies are needed to examine why false positive and false negative predictions took place.
Abstract P38 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou City, Taiwan
| | - H Y Yu
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y S Chen
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lee KI, Lin JW, Su CC, Fang KM, Yang CY, Kuo CY, Wu CC, Wu CT, Chen YW. Silica nanoparticles induce caspase-dependent apoptosis through reactive oxygen species-activated endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in neuronal cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 63:104739. [PMID: 31756540 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has been widely applied as vehicles for drug delivery and cellular manipulations in nanoneuromedicine. SiNPs may cause adverse effects in the brain, but potential mechanisms underlying SiNPs-induced neurotoxicity are remained unclear. Here, we examined cytotoxic effects and the cellular mechanisms of SiNPs-induced neuronal cell death. In this study, the results showed that SiNPs significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells as evidenced by the increase caspase-3 activity and the activation of caspase cascades and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In addition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was triggered as indicated by several key molecules including glucose-regulated protein (GRP)78 and 94, C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), activation transcription factor (ATF)-4, and caspase-12. Pretreatment of Neuro-2a cells with specific pharmacological inhibitor of ER stress (4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA)) effectively alleviated the SiNPs-induced ER stress and apoptotic related signals. Furthermore, 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescein fluorescence as an indicator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation after exposure of Neuro-2a cells to SiNPs significantly increased ROS levels. Antioxidant N-acetylcyseine (NAC) effectively reversed SiNPs-induced cellular responses. Taken together, these results suggest that SiNPs exposure exerts its neurotoxicity in cultured neuronal cells by inducing apoptosis via a ROS generation-activated downstream ER stress signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-I Lee
- Department of Emergency, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung 427, Taiwan
| | - Jhe-Wei Lin
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Min Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 220, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yao Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Kuo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ching Wu
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Master Program of Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Zhu HS, Chen S, Wang MZ, Ou JM, Xie ZH, Huang WL, Lin JW, Ye WJ. [Analysis on association between incidence of hand foot and mouth disease and meteorological factors in Xiamen, 2013-2017]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:531-536. [PMID: 31177733 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xiamen, Fujian province, and provide scientific evidence for the early warning, prediction, prevention and control of HFMD. Methods: Correlation analysis and distribution lag nonlinear models (DLNM) analysis of meteorological factors such as daily average pressure, daily average relative humidity, daily average temperature and sunshine hours and the incidence of HFMD in Xiamen during 2013 to 2017 were conducted by using R3.4.3 software. Results: A total of 36 464 cases of HFMD were reported in Xiamen during 2013-2017, and the incidence showed an upward trend (F=40.359, P=0.008). The daily average relative humidity, daily average temperature and sunshine hours were positively correlated with the incidence of HFMD (r>0), and the daily average site pressure was negatively correlated with the incidence of HFMD (r<0). In the case of a lag of 0-5 days, when the daily average pressure of the station was higher than 1 005 hPa, the risk of HFMD gradually increased with the increase of air pressure, and the risk of disease decreased with the increase of lag days. The risk was highest when air pressure was 1 017 hPa and at the lag of 0 day (RR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.67-1.94). When the relative humidity was higher than 95%, the risk of HFMD gradually increased with the increase of relative humidity, and the lag time ranged from 0 day to 10 days, which was most obvious on the 4(th) and 5(th) days. The risk was highest when relative humidity was 100% and at the lag of 5 days (RR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.02-1.71). When the air temperature was >28 ℃ and <8 ℃, the risk of HFMD existed, but the lag time was inconsistent. The relative risk was highest during 15-20 days at low air temperature, and the lag time at high air temperature was mainly during 5-15 days. The risk was highest when air temperature was 28 ℃ and at the lag of 4 days (RR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.94-1.29). The sunshine time was >12 h and lag of 0-3 days was a risk factor for the incidence of HFMD. The risk was highest when sunshine time was 13 h and the lag of 0 day (RR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.05-1.36). Conclusion: Meteorological factors such as daily average pressure, daily average relative humidity, daily average temperature and sunshine hours were associated with the incidence of HFMD with certain lag in Xiamen. So, it is suggested to use these data in the early warning system of HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Zhu
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - S Chen
- Fujian Climate Center Climate Impact Assessment Office, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - M Z Wang
- Emergency Department of Xiamen City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - J M Ou
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Z H Xie
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W L Huang
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J W Lin
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W J Ye
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Wang CW, Lin JW, Lue CS, Liu HF, Kuo CN, Mole RA, Gardner JS. Magnetic correlations in the intermetallic antiferromagnet Nd 3Co 4Sn 13. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:435801. [PMID: 28825593 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and neutron scattering have been used to investigate the nature of the spin system in the antiferromagnet Nd3Co4Sn13. At room temperature Nd3Co4Sn13 has a cubic, Pm-3n structure similar to Yb3Rh4Sn13. Antiferromagnetic interactions between, Nd3+ ions dominate the magnetic character of this sample and at 2.4 K the Nd spins enter a long range order state with a magnetic propagation vector q = (0 0 0) with an ordered moment of 1.78(2) µB at 1.5 K. The magnetic Bragg intensity grows very slowly below 1 K, reaching ~2.4 µB at 350 mK. The average magnetic Nd3+ configuration corresponds to the 3D irreducible representation Γ7. This magnetic structure can be viewed as three sublattices of antiferromagnetic spin chains coupled with each other in the 120°-configuration. A well-defined magnetic excitation was measured around the 1 1 1 zone centre and the resulting dispersion curve is appropriate for an antiferromagnet with a gap of 0.20(1) meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Wang
- Neutron Group, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan
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Wang HC, Lin JW, Wang SY. Anti-inflammatory activity of Alpinia nantoensis extracts. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HC Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products/College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - JW Lin
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products/College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - SY Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lee CC, Lin TL, Lin JW, Han YT, Huang YT, Hsu YH, Meng M. Promotion of Bamboo Mosaic Virus Accumulation in Nicotiana benthamiana by 5'→3' Exonuclease NbXRN4. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1508. [PMID: 26779163 PMCID: PMC4702010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) has a 6.4-kb (+) sense RNA genome with a 5' cap and a 3' poly(A) tail. ORF1 of this potexvirus encodes a 155-kDa replication protein responsible for the viral RNA replication/transcription and 5' cap formation. To learn more about the replication complex of BaMV, a protein preparation enriched in the 155-kDa replication protein was obtained from Nicotiana benthamiana by a protocol involving agroinfiltration and immunoprecipitation. Subsequent analysis by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry identified a handful of host proteins that may participate in the viral replication. Among them, the cytoplasmic exoribonuclease NbXRN4 particularly caught our attention. NbXRN4 has been shown to have an antiviral activity against Tomato bushy stunt virus and Tomato mosaic virus. In Arabidopsis, the enzyme could reduce RNAi- and miRNA-mediated RNA decay. This study found that downregulation of NbXRN4 greatly decreased BaMV accumulation, while overexpression of NbXRN4 resulted in an opposite effect. Mutations at the catalytically essential residues abolished the function of NbXRN4 in the increase of BaMV accumulation. Nonetheless, NbXRN4 was still able to promote BaMV accumulation in the presence of the RNA silencing suppressor P19. In summary, the replication efficiency of BaMV may be improved by the exoribonuclease activity of NbXRN4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ling Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung, Taiwan; Division of Medicine Centre for Nephrology, University College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Jhe-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Han
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Heiu Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Menghsiao Meng
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen YF, Lim CK, Ruan SY, Jerng JS, Lin JW, Kuo PH, Wu HD, Yu CJ. Factors associated with adherence to low-tidal volume strategy for acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome and their impacts on outcomes: an observational study and propensity analysis. Minerva Anestesiol 2014; 80:1158-1168. [PMID: 24569355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting adherence to the low-tidal volume (LTV) strategy in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and their impacts on outcomes. METHODS This prospective observational study included 111 patients with ALI/ARDS admitted to six intensive care units between March 2010 and February 2011. The patients were divided into the LTV group, which received a TV ≤7.5 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW), and the non-LTV group, which received a TV >7.5 mL/kg PBW. We studied the association of selected clinical factors and adherence to the LTV strategy, and evaluated their impacts on 28-day mortality and 1-year mortality by the propensity-match process. RESULTS Adherence to the LTV strategy was only 44%, which was related to lung injury severity (odds ratio [OR]: 3.15, P=0.038), muscle relaxant use (OR: 3.28, P=0.031), and depth of sedation (OR: 0.65, P=0.008). Propensity score-based analysis showed that the LTV group had modestly better 28-day survival (P=0.081) and 1-year survival (P=0.067) than the non-LTV group. Moreover, muscle relaxant use was strongly associated with reducing the risk of death at both 28 days (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.122, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.027-0.542, P=0.006) and 1 year ([HR]: 0.111, 95% [CI]: 0.030-0.408, P=0.001). CONCLUSION Adherence to the LTV strategy was strongly associated with the lung injury score, muscle relaxant use, and depth of sedation. Propensity score-based analysis showed that the use of LTV ventilation and muscle relaxants reduced 28-day and 1-year mortality in ALI/ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Douliou City, Yunlin County, Taiwan -
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15
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Abstract
Objective: Cardiac shunts are often identified using bubble studies in echocardiography, with agitated saline. Previous studies have recommended various safe amounts of agitated saline. This poses a potential risk for air microembolism. The purpose of this study was to quantify the bubbles created by various quantities of agitated saline. Methods: A closed circuit was constructed with a HeartMate pneumatic ventricular assist pump and a cardiotomy reservoir to remove air during recirculation. One empty 10 mL syringe and one 10 mL syringe containing 1 mL of air and 9 mL of saline were attached to a three-way stopcock. The air/saline bolus was then agitated between the two syringes five times to create bubbles and injected into the tubing proximal to the HeartMate. An EDAC bubble detector sensor was attached prior to the saline injection site and distal to the HeartMate I to measure the size and volume of the bubbles. This technique was repeated using 0.5 mL of air and 9.5 mL of saline bolus and 2 mL of air and 8 mL of saline bolus. Each bolus was tested 20 times. Results: This study identifies the potential risks of air administration and proposes a safer air volume to agitate for the administration of a bubble study. Conclusions: Further studies should be conducted to create either a guideline or a standard for agitated saline administration by the Intersocietal Commission for the Accreditation of Echocardiography Laboratories (ICAEL) in order to minimize the risk of air microembolism
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Affiliation(s)
- GC Bassett
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - JW Lin
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - MM Tran
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - JJ Sistino
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Huang YC, Tzeng WS, Wang CC, Cheng BC, Chang YK, Chen HH, Lin PC, Huang TY, Chuang TJ, Lin JW, Chang CP. Neuroprotective effect of agmatine in rats with transient cerebral ischemia using MR imaging and histopathologic evaluation. Magn Reson Imaging 2013; 31:1174-81. [PMID: 23642800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to further investigate the effects of agmatine on brain edema in the rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) injury using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) monitoring and biochemical and histopathologic evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following surgical induction of MCAO for 90min, agmatine was injected 5min after beginning of reperfusion and again once daily for the next 3 post-operative days. The events during ischemia and reperfusion were investigated by T2-weighted images (T2WI), serial diffusion-weighted images (DWI), calculated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images (CE-T1WI) during 3h-72h in a 1.5T Siemens MAGNETON Avanto Scanner. Lesion volumes were analyzed in a blinded and randomized manner. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), Nissl, and Evans Blue stainings were performed at the corresponding sections. RESULTS Increased lesion volumes derived from T2WI, DWI, ADC, CE-T1WI, and TTC all were noted at 3h and peaked at 24h-48h after MCAO injury. TTC-derived infarct volumes were not significantly different from the T2WI, DWI-, and CE-T1WI-derived lesion volumes at the last imaging time (72h) point except for significantly smaller ADC lesions in the MCAO model (P<0.05). Volumetric calculation based on TTC-derived infarct also correlated significantly stronger to volumetric calculation based on last imaging time point derived on T2WI, DWI or CE-T1WI than ADC (P<0.05). At the last imaging time point, a significant increase in Evans Blue extravasation and a significant decrease in Nissl-positive cells numbers were noted in the vehicle-treated MCAO injured animals. The lesion volumes derived from T2WI, DWI, CE-T1WI, and Evans blue extravasation as well as the reduced numbers of Nissl-positive cells were all significantly attenuated in the agmatine-treated rats compared with the control ischemia rats (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that agmatine has neuroprotective effects against brain edema on a reperfusion model after transient cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Huang
- Department of Radiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chen YY, Lin JW, Fan YC, Chiou SS. Detection and differentiation of genotype I and III Japanese encephalitis virus in mosquitoes by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 61:37-43. [PMID: 23157736 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a disease that threatens both human and animal populations in Asian countries, and the causative agent of JE, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), has recently changed from genotype III (GIII) to genotype I (GI). However, a test for the rapid differentiation of GI and GIII JEV is still unavailable, especially one that can be used for mosquito-based surveillance. We have designed GI- and GIII-specific primer sets for the rapid detection and differentiation of GI and GIII JEV by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex RT-PCR). The GI-specific and GIII-specific primer sets were able to specifically amplify the target gene from GI and GIII JEV, respectively. The limitations of detection were 0.00225 and 0.225 pfu for the GI-specific and GIII-specific primers, respectively. Using a mixture of GI-specific and GIII-specific primers, the multiplex RT-PCR was able to specifically detect and differentiate GI and GIII JEV. The multiplex RT-PCR was able to successfully differentiate GI and GIII virus in JEV-infected mosquitoes. Thus, a sensitive and specific multiplex RT-PCR system for the rapid detection and differentiation of GI and GIII JEV has been developed, and this test is likely to be valuable when carrying out mosquito-based JEV surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Loughran-Fowlds AS, Lin JW, Oei J, Michalowski J, Henry R, Lui K. Early postnatal surge of serum Clara cell secretory protein in newborn infants. Neonatology 2012; 101:125-31. [PMID: 21952535 DOI: 10.1159/000329557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) is an anti-inflammatory mediator, but its role in neonatal lung adaptation and diseases is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To characterize postnatal changes in serum CCSP in relation to gestation, respiratory disease (RDS) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in comparison with other anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, -10 and -13). METHODS Blood was collected from 76 infants (26 of 23-29 weeks' gestation, 33 of 30-36 weeks' gestation and 17 term infants) at birth (preterm cord blood); on admission; at 12, 24 and 48 h; and on days 3-4 and 7 of life. CCSP was assayed by ELISA and cytokines by Bio-Plex. RESULTS Median serum CCSP in extremely and moderately preterm infants rose from a baseline of 13.6 and 15.9 to 33.4 ng/ml (p = 0.04) and 59.8 ng/ml (p = 0.03) at 12 h of age, respectively. CCSP levels were highest in term infants (80.7 ng/ml at 12 h). CCSP then decreased to 22.5 ng/ml on days 3-4 (p = 0.001). CCSP of 37 RDS infants fell to a lower baseline on days 4 and 7 than that of the 22 non-RDS preterms. The 8 infants who developed BPD had persistently low serum CCSP (12.7 ng/ml at 12 h). In contrast, early postnatal changes were not seen in IL-4, -10 and -13 levels, but low IL-10 and -13 levels were found on day 7 in BPD infants. CONCLUSIONS Serum CCSP levels were characterized by an early postnatal surge. This apparent gestation-influenced surge may represent an initiation of a protective cascade against postnatal lung injury during extrauterine adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Loughran-Fowlds
- Leslie Stevens Newborn Research Laboratory, Royal Hospital for Women, Randwick, NSW, Australia
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Lin CM, Lin JW, Tsai JT, Ko CP, Hung KS, Hung CC, Su YK, Wei L, Chiu WT, Lee LM. Intracranial pressure fluctuation during hemodialysis in renal failure patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2009; 101:141-4. [PMID: 18642649 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-78205-7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coagulopathy in renal failure patients often makes them vulnerable to intracranial hemorrhage. Emergency decompression to remove the hematoma and to stop bleeding is always indicated. After the surgery, hemodialysis (HD) should be arranged to maintain the BUN/Cr. level, and I/O balance. During HD, intracranial pressure in all of the patients in this study fluctuated. This phenomenon always resulted in neurological deterioration in acute or chronic renal failure. We present intracranial pressure (ICP) changes during HD in five acute or chronic renal failure patients with intracranial hemorrhage. They all underwent craniectomy or craniotomy with ICP monitors implantation. Different HD protocols were arranged for these patients and then we observed clinical results. ICP elevated during HD and resulted in severe brain swelling. This situation was one of the clinical presentations of dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS). Four patients died because of this complication and one survived. ICP fluctuation seemed to be correlated with the fluid amount and frequency of HD. The prevalence and pathophysiology of DDS remain unclear. Renal failure patient with intracranial hemorrhage may be complicated with DDS when HD was performed. An attempt to reduce the fluid amount and to increase the frequency of HD might help these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Ju DT, Lin JW, Lin MS, Lee LM, Tseng HM, Wei CP, Yen CH, Hung CC, Hung KS, Lin CM, Lin TJ, Chiu WT, Tsai JT. Hypofractionated CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery for acoustic neuromas with and without association to neurofibromatosis Type 2. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2008; 101:169-173. [PMID: 18642654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-78205-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (CKSRS) has been proved effective in treating intra-cranial lesions. To treat acoustic neuroma (AN) patients with or without neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) associations, the functional preservation of hearing, trigeminal nerve, and facial nerve are important. Twenty-one patients were treated with hypofractionated CKSRS. Fourteen non-NF2 and seven NF2 patients were enrolled. Cranial nerve function, audiograms, and magnetic resonance images (MRI) were monitored. Mean follow-up was 15 month. Tumors with volumes ranging from 0.13 to 24.8 cm3 (mean 5.4 cm3) were irradiated with the marginal dose 1800-2000 cGy/3 fractions. Tumors were treated with an 80 to 89% isodose line (mean 83%) and mean 97.9% tumor coverage. Two patients experienced hearing deterioration (16.7%) in the non-NF2 group, and 3 patients (50%) in the NF2 group. No facial or trigeminal dysfunction, brain stem toxicity, or cerebellar edema occurred. Tumor regression was seen in 9 patients (43%) and stable in 12 patients (57%). 100% tumor control rate was achieved. Hypofractionated CKSRS was not only effective in tumor control but also excellent in hearing preservation for non-NF2 AN. But for NF2 patients, although the tumor control was remarkable, hearing preservation was modest as in non-NF2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Ju
- National Defense Medical Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin JW, Tsai JT, Lin CM, Lee LM, Hung KS, Huang SJ, Hsiao SH, Chung WY, Tsai MD, Hsia CC, Hung CC, Chiu WT. Evaluation of optimal cerebral perfusion pressure in severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2008; 101:131-136. [PMID: 18642647 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-78205-7_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability. In the 2000 guidelines, one of the suggestions for TBI treatment was to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) < or = 70 mmHg. But in the 2003 guidelines, the suggestion was changed to < or = 60 mmHg. There have been some discrepancies of opinions about this recommendation in recent publications. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 305 severe TBI (STBI) patients with Glasgow Coma Scales (GCS) < or = 8 between January 1, 2002 and March 31, 2003. The study group was stratified according to use or nonuse of intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring, ICP levels, ages, and GCS levels in order to test the correlation between CCP and the prognosis. The patients < 50-year-old, with higher GCS level, with ICP monitoring, and with ICP levels < 20 mmHg had lower mortality rates and better prognosis (GOS) (p < 0.05 or 0.001). The patients in the GCS 3-5 subgroup had a significantly lower mortality and better prognosis if the CPP value was maintained higher than 70 mmHg (p < 0.05) The optimal CPP maintained < or = 60 mmHg did not fit in all STBI patients. Our study concludes that it is critical to maintain CPP substantially higher in lower GCS level patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin JW, Tsai JT, Lee LM, Lin CM, Hung CC, Hung KS, Chen WY, Wei L, Ko CP, Su YK, Chiu WT. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on patients with traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2008; 101:145-149. [PMID: 18642650 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-78205-7_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is the medical therapeutic use of oxygen at a higher atmospheric pressure. The United States Food and Drug Administration have approved several clinical applications for HBOT, but HBOT in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients has still remained in controversial. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the benefit of HBOT on the prognosis of subacute TBI patients. We prospectively enrolled 44 patients with TBI from November 1, 2004 to October 31, 2005. The study group randomly included 22 patients who received HBOT after the patients' condition stabilization, and the other 22 corresponding condition patients were assigned into the matched control group who were not treated with HBOT. The clinical conditions of the patients were evaluated with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) before and 3 to 6 months after HBOT. The GCS of the HBOT group was improved from 11.1 to 13.5 in average, and from 10.4 to 11.5 (p < 0.05) for control group. Among those patients with GOS = 4 before the HBOT, significant GOS improvement was observed in the HBOT group 6 months after HBOT. Based on this study, HBOT can provide some benefits for the subacute TBI patients with minimal adverse side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Because of the rapid industrial and economic growth, Taiwan and other developing countries have faced an enormous increase in the number of motorcycles, which has subsequently caused a rapid increase of the motorcycle-related traumatic brain injuries (TBI). In order to tackle this serious problem, stepwise approaches for TBI were implemented in Taiwan from 1991 to 2007. Step 1 was to do a nationwide TBI registry in order to identify the risk factors and determinants. We found that the major cause of TBI in Taiwan was motorcycle-related injury, and very few motorcyclists wore a helmet. Step 2 was to launch the implementation of the helmet use law on June 1, 1997. A rapid decline of TBI hospitalizations and deaths was demonstrated soon thereafter. Step 3 was to enroll into international collaborations with the Global Spine and Head Injury Prevention Project (Global SHIP Project) groups for TBI. The comparative results thus obtained could be used to develop prevention strategies for developing countries. Step 4 was to implement clinical researches for TBI, which included a Propofol study, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), brain parenchymal oxygen (PbtO2) monitoring, etc. Step 5 was to develop guidelines for the management of severe TBI in Taiwan. Through a 2-year period of review, discussion, and integration, a 9-chapter guideline was published in June 2007. In summary, our experience and process for management of TBI in Taiwan can be used as a reference for other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been suggested to regulate the initiation and progression of many types of solid tumors. The aim of the study was to separate, cultivate, identify oral CAFs, and to investigate their biological characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The primary CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) of the tongue were obtained by tissue culture. Then cells were dissociated by 0.25% trypsin and purified by curettage method combining with trypsinization. The cells were verified according to morphological observation and immunohistochemical staining of certain proteins. Multiple proliferation indexes and karyotype of the cells were assayed. RESULTS Third passage purified oral CAFs and NFs were attained successfully. The morphological characteristics of the CAFs changed significantly comparing to the NFs. The CAFs showed positive staining for vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin and matrix metalloproteinases-2. The proliferation and mitosis ability of the CAFs were significantly increased compared with the NFs (P < 0.05). No karyotypic abnormalities were found in the CAFs. CONCLUSIONS There were obvious differences in the biological characteristics between oral CAFs and NFs. The results may provide us an experimental foundation for further studies on the roles of CAFs in the initiation and progression of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Department of Oral Medicine, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lin YH, Liu YC, Tseng WYI, Juang JM, Hung CS, Lin JW, Jeng JS, Yip PK, Kao HL. The impact of lesion length on angiographic restenosis after vertebral artery origin stenting. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006; 32:379-85. [PMID: 16682238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of lesion length on in-stent restenosis (ISR) of vertebral artery (VA) origin stenting. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical and radiological records of patients receiving VA origin stenting from March 1999 to June 2005. They were subdivided according to lesion length. ISR was defined as >50% diameter narrowing in stent. RESULTS Eighty symptomatic patients (64 male, mean age 72 years) with 90 lesions treated with balloon expandable tubular coronary stents were enrolled. There were 34 patients with 38 short lesions (length<or=5 mm, group 1), 37 patients with 42 medium lesions (length>5 mm, <10 mm, group 2) and 9 patients with 10 long lesions (length>or=10 mm, group 3). Eighty seven bare-metal stents and 3 drug-eluting stents were implanted. Repeat angiography was done in 40 lesions (44%) at 11.7+/-9.6 months. The ISR rate in group 1, 2, 3 is 21%, 29%, and 50% (p=0.486). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed lesion length was the only significant independent predictor of ISR (hazard ratio: 1.19, p=0.039). CONCLUSION ISR of VA origin stenting is common. Lesion length is an important predictor of ISR in VA origin stenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
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Lin JW, Lin MS, Lin CM, Tseng CH, Tsai SH, Kan IH, Chiu WT. Idiopathic syringomyelia: case report and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2006; 99:117-20. [PMID: 17370776 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-35205-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Syringomyelia is an uncommon disease that is caused most often by type I Chiari malformation, which develops in the hindbrain, and less frequently by other factors which are not limited to the hindbrain, including trauma, infection, or scoliosis. Idiopathic syringomyelia is rare. We present in this article a patient with idiopathic syringomyelia characterized by hypoesthesia and progressive weakness in the left lower limb. Decompression was attempted by means of laminectomy and a syringoarachnoid shunt. Motor, sensory, and bladder functions were monitored by the change in Japanese Orthopedic Association scores, which increased from 10 points preoperatively to 14 points 30 days postoperatively. This case demonstrates the effectiveness of surgical decompression in a patient with remarkable neurological deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Division of Neurosurgery, Surgical Department, Municipal Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Thomas GN, Lin JW, Lam WWM, Tomlinson B, Yeung V, Chan JCN, Wong KS. Albuminuria is a marker of increasing intracranial and extracranial vascular involvement in Type 2 diabetic Chinese patients. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1528-34. [PMID: 15338128 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Albuminuria has been reported to be a marker of cardiovascular risk factors and disease morbidity and mortality, but its relationship with intracerebral atherosclerotic disease is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between albuminuria and intracranial and extracranial vascular involvement in Chinese Type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS The anthropometric and fasting biochemical measurements of 966 Type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (55.6%), microalbuminuria (27.7%) or macroalbuminuria (16.7%) were compared. The prevalence of microvascular and macrovascular disease and middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis, measured by transcranial Doppler ultrasound, were also compared between the groups. RESULTS Albuminuria was closely associated with a range of adverse parameters, including high BP, dyslipidaemia, smoking and adiposity (all p<0.01). The prevalence of microvascular disease (retinopathy p<0.001) and macrovascular disease (peripheral vascular disease p=0.012, myocardial infarction, p=0.004, MCA stenosis p<0.001) increased significantly with increasing levels of albuminuria. Albuminuria was also found to be an independent predictor of microvascular and macrovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Albuminuria was an independent predictor of increasing levels of vascular risk factors and microvascular and macrovascular disease in this group of Type 2 diabetic patients, and a possible role for albuminuria as a marker of intracranial cerebrovascular disease should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Thomas
- Department of Community Medicine, 5/F Academic and Administration Block, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Huang HY, Liang CL, Yang BY, Sung MT, Lin JW, Chen WJ. Isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as peripheral mononeuropathy and clinically mimicking a neurogenic tumor: case report. Surg Neurol 2001; 56:344-7. [PMID: 11750016 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-3019(01)00577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosai-Dorfman disease is a rare idiopathic disorder of proliferative histiocytes affecting the lymph nodes. It usually manifests as bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy and fever with concurrent polyhyperglobulinemia. Cases involving the nervous system are quite rare; most CNS lesions are located intracranially or arise from the spinal dura or leptomeninges. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as peripheral mononeuropathy. CASE REPORT We report a 43-year-old female with isolated extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease in the medial aspect of the right upper arm, which presented as aberrant ulnar neuropathy caused by a mass encasing the right basilic vein and the medial anteriobrachial cutaneous branch of the right ulnar nerve. Preoperative diagnosis was a neurogenic tumor. The patient underwent excision of the mass, and pathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of Rosai-Dorfman disease. CONCLUSION An unusual case of extranodal isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease, presenting as peripheral mononeuropathy, is reported. Clinically, it simulated a neurogenic tumor, extending the etiologic spectrum of entrapment neuropathy of the peripheral nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaoshiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University, Hsien, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Weng SF, Tai PM, Yang CH, Wu CD, Tsai WJ, Lin JW, Tseng YH. Characterization of stress-responsive genes, hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ, from phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris. Arch Microbiol 2001; 176:121-8. [PMID: 11479711 DOI: 10.1007/s002030100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2000] [Accepted: 05/07/2001] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sequencing of a 6.4-kb DNA fragment, cloned from the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 17 revealed five ORFs whose deduced amino acid sequences show strong similarities to the bacterial HrcA, GrpE, DnaK, DnaJ, and PdxK. The four heat shock genes are organized in the order hrcA-grpE-dnaK-dnaJ, a genome organization found in many gram-positive bacteria, but only in one gram-negative species (Xylella fastidiosa). These observations suggest that the HrcA-CIRCE system, comprising at least four genes arranged in this order, already existed for the regulation of stress responses before bacteria diverged into gram-negative and gram-positive groups. Primer-extension results suggested the presence of promoters at the regions upstream of grpE and dnaK. In the presence of stress, heat or ethanol (4%), the X. campestris pv. campestris 17 grpE and dnaK promoters were induced two- to three-fold over controls. Since the grpE and dnaK promoters possess E. coli sigma(32) promoter-like sequences, they are functional in E. coli, although at levels much lower than in X. campestris pv. campestris 17. Furthermore, expression of the X. campestris pv. campestris 17 dnaK promoter in E. coli was elevated by the cloned X. campestris sigma(32) gene, indicating that the cognate sigma(32) works more efficiently for the X. campestris promoters.
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MESH Headings
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA-Binding Proteins
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli Proteins
- Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
- Gene Order/genetics
- Genes, Bacterial/genetics
- Genes, Reporter
- HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins
- HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Response/genetics
- Hot Temperature
- Open Reading Frames/genetics
- Operon/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Bacterial/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Species Specificity
- Transcription Initiation Site
- Transcription, Genetic
- Xanthomonas campestris/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Weng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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30
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Kou HK, Lin JW, Chang KC. Clinicopathological report of Candida granuloma from an endogenous candidal endophthalmitis. Chang Gung Med J 2001; 24:460-3. [PMID: 11565254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Fluconazole was reported to be an effective alternative to Amphotericin B for candidal endophthalmitis. However, the dose for systemic use had not been determined and few pathological reports on its use have been published. An epiretinal membrane harvested from a regressed candidal endophthalmitis in a patient treated with fluconazole (200 mg/day) was sent for pathologic study. On the inner side of the retina, a granuloma was found. Fungal debris was found within the center of the granuloma, but an intact fungus was seen next to the granuloma. Pathologic study showed incomplete treatment in this case, although systemic status had improved. The use of systemic fluconazole should be maintained for a longer period of time to treat candidal endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Kou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Tao-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Abstract
A case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the gastrocolic ligament is presented. It appeared as a huge, thin walled cystic tumour in the upper abdominal cavity on CT. Barium studies showed splaying of the stomach and transverse colon by the mass. 1 year after resection of the cystic tumour, recurrence occurred at the greater curvature of the stomach and in the liver, with a cystic appearance similar to the primary tumour. To our knowledge, the CT appearance of primary cystic MFH of the gastrocolic ligament has not been previously documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Huang
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien 833, Taiwan
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Abstract
Nucleotide sequence of the riboflavin synthesis genes ribE, ribB, ribH, ribA (GenBank Accession No. AF364106) resided in the lux operon of Photobacterium leiognathi PL741 has been determined, and the amino acid sequences of riboflavin synthetase (RibE), DHBP synthetase (RibB), lumazine synthetase (RibH), GTP cyclohydrolase II (RibA) encoded by the riboflavin synthesis genes are deduced. Nucleotide sequence reveals that the ribE gene encodes the riboflavin synthetase responsible for converting lumazine to riboflavin, the ribB gene encodes the DHBP synthetase responsible for 3,4-dihydroxyl-2-butanone 4-phosphate synthesis, the ribH gene encodes the lumazine synthetase responsible for lumazine synthesis, and the ribA gene encodes the GTP cyclohydrolase II responsible for lumazine synthesis. Functional analysis illustrates that the specific segments lay behind the ribH and ribA genes might form potential loops Omega(oT) and Omega(TI)--Omega(TII); Omega(oT) is functioned as mRNA stability loop or/and for subregulation by alternative modulation, and Omega(TI)--Omega(TII) could be the transcriptional terminator of the lux operon. The gene order of the ribE, ribB, ribH, ribA genes resided in the lux operon and linked to the lum operon is <--ter*-lumQ-lumP-R&R-luxC-luxD-luxA-luxB-luxN-luxE-luxG-ribE-ribB-ribH-ribA-ter--> (R&R: regulatory region; ter: transcriptional terminator), whereas the R&R is the regulatory region for the lum and the lux operons, and ter and ter* are the transcriptional terminators for the lux and lum operons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Ko
- Chang Gung University Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Hsien 833, Taiwan
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Abstract
The repressor proteins of the LacI/GalR family exhibit significant similarity in their secondary and tertiary structures despite less than 35% identity in their primary sequences. Furthermore, the core domains of these oligomeric repressors, which mediate dimerization, are homologous with the monomeric periplasmic binding proteins, extending the issue of plasticity to quaternary structure. To elucidate the determinants of assembly, a structure-based alignment has been created for three repressors and four periplasmic binding proteins. Contact maps have also been constructed for the three repressor interfaces to distinguish any conserved interactions. These analyses show few strict requirements for assembly of the core N-subdomain interface. The interfaces of repressor core C-subdomains are well conserved at the structural level, and their primary sequences differ significantly from the monomeric periplasmic binding proteins at positions equivalent to LacI 281 and 282. However, previous biochemical and phenotypic analyses indicate that LacI tolerates many mutations at 281. Mutations at LacI 282 were shown to abrogate assembly, but for Y282D this could be compensated by a second-site mutation in the core N-subdomain at K84 to L or A. Using the link between LacI assembly and function, we have further identified 22 second-site mutations that compensate the Y282D dimerization defect in vivo. The sites of these mutations fall into several structural regions, each of which may influence assembly by a different mechanism. Thus, the 360-amino acid scaffold of LacI allows plasticity of its quaternary structure. The periplasmic binding proteins may require only minimal changes to facilitate oligomerization similar to the repressor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Swint-Kruse
- The W. M. Keck Center for Computational Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA.
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Lin JW, Laine AF, Akinboboye O, Bergmann SR. Use of wavelet transforms in analysis of time-activity data from cardiac PET. J Nucl Med 2001; 42:194-200. [PMID: 11216516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because of its intrinsic quantitative properties, PET permits measurement of myocardial perfusion and metabolism in absolute terms (i.e., mL/g/min). However, quantification has been limited by errors produced in image acquisition, selection of regions of interest, and data analysis. The goal of this study was to evaluate a newly developed, novel, wavelet-based noise-reduction approach that can objectively extract biologic signals hidden within dynamic PET data. METHODS Quantification of myocardial perfusion using dynamic PET imaging with 82Rb, H2(15)O, and 13NH3 was selected to evaluate the effects of the wavelet-based noise-reduction protocol. Dynamic PET data were fitted to appropriate mathematic models before and after wavelet-based noise reduction to get flow estimates. Time-activity curves, precision, accuracy, and differentiating capacity derived from the wavelet protocol were compared with those obtained from unmodified data processing. A total of 84 human studies was analyzed, including 43 at rest (18 82Rb scans, 18 H2(15)O scans, and 7 13NH3 scans) and 41 after coronary hyperemia with dipyridamole (17 82Rb scans, 17 H2(15)O scans, and 7 13NH3 scans). RESULTS For every tracer tested under all conditions, the wavelet method improved the shape of blood and tissue time-activity curves, increased estimate-to-error ratios, and maintained fidelity of flow in regions as small as 0.85 cm3. It also improved the accuracy of flow estimates derived from 82Rb to the level of that achieved with H2(15)O, which was not affected markedly by the wavelet process. In studies of patients with coronary disease, regional heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion was preserved and flow estimates in infarcted regions were differentiated more easily from normal regions. CONCLUSION The wavelet-based noise-reduction method effectively and objectively extracted tracer time-activity curves from data with low signal-to-noise ratios and improved the accuracy and precision of measurements with all tracer techniques studied. The approach should be generalizable to other image modalities such as functional MRI and CT and, therefore, improve the ability to quantify dynamic physiologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Lin JW, Sciacca RR, Chou RL, Laine AF, Bergmann SR. Quantification of myocardial perfusion in human subjects using 82Rb and wavelet-based noise reduction. J Nucl Med 2001; 42:201-8. [PMID: 11216517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Quantification of myocardial perfusion with 82Rb has been difficult to achieve because of the low signal-to-noise ratio of the dynamic data curves. This study evaluated the accuracy of flow estimates after the application of a novel multidimensional wavelet-based noise-reduction protocol. METHODS Myocardial perfusion was estimated using 82Rb and a two-compartment model from dynamic PET scans on 11 healthy volunteers at rest and after hyperemic stress with dipyridamole. Midventricular planes were divided into eight regions of interest, and a wavelet transform protocol was applied to images and time-activity curves. Flow estimates without and with the wavelet approach were compared with those obtained using H2(15)O. RESULTS Over a wide flow range (0.45-2.75 mL/g/min), flow achieved with the wavelet approach correlated extremely closely with values obtained with H2(15)O (y = 1.03 x -0.12; n = 23 studies, r = 0.94, P < 0.001). If the wavelet noise-reduction technique was not used, the correlation was less strong (y = 1.11 x + 0.24; n = 23 studies, r = 0.79, P < 0.001). In addition, the wavelet approach reduced the regional variation from 75% to 12% and from 62% to 11% (P < 0.001 for each comparison) for resting and stress studies, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of a wavelet protocol allows near-optimal noise reduction, markedly enhances the physiologic flow signal within the PET images, and enables accurate measurement of myocardial perfusion with 82Rb in human subjects over a wide range of flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate methods of multidimensional wavelet denoising on restoring the fidelity of biological signals hidden within dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) images. A reduction of noise within pixels, between adjacent regions, and time-serial frames was achieved via redundant multiscale representations. In analyzing dynamic PET data of healthy volunteers, a multiscale method improved the estimate-to-error ratio of flows fivefold without loss of detail. This technique also maintained accuracy of flow estimates in comparison with the "gold standard," using dynamic PET with O15-water. In addition, in studies of coronary disease patients, flow patterns were preserved and infarcted regions were well differentiated from normal regions. The results show that a wavelet-based noise-suppression method produced reliable approximations of salient underlying signals and led to an accurate quantification of myocardial perfusion. The described protocol can be generalized to other temporal biomedical imaging modalities including functional magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Lin JW, Ju W, Foster K, Lee SH, Ahmadian G, Wyszynski M, Wang YT, Sheng M. Distinct molecular mechanisms and divergent endocytotic pathways of AMPA receptor internalization. Nat Neurosci 2000; 3:1282-90. [PMID: 11100149 DOI: 10.1038/81814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 470] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Internalization of postsynaptic AMPA receptors depresses excitatory transmission, but the underlying dynamics and mechanisms of this process are unclear. Using immunofluorescence and surface biotinylation, we characterized and quantified basal and regulated AMPA receptor endocytosis in cultured hippocampal neurons, in response to synaptic activity, AMPA and insulin. AMPA-induced AMPA receptor internalization is mediated in part by secondary activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels, and in part by ligand binding independent of receptor activation. Although both require dynamin, insulin- and AMPA-induced AMPA receptor internalization are differentially dependent on protein phosphatases and sequence determinants within the cytoplasmic tails of GluR1 and GluR2 subunits. AMPA receptors internalized in response to AMPA stimulation enter a recycling endosome system, whereas those internalized in response to insulin diverge into a distinct compartment. Thus, the molecular mechanisms and intracellular sorting of AMPA receptors are diverse, and depend on the internalizing stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Lin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital (Wellman 423), 50 Blossom Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase activity and telomere length have been shown to be involved in the control of cell proliferation and regulation of cell senescence. The expression of telomerase activity may endow cells with the capacity of unlimited proliferation and immortality. The authors examined the telomerase activity and telomere length of intracranial meningiomas to determine the relation between the results and the clinicopathologic behavior of these tumors. METHODS Sixty-two specimens of meningiomas including 13 atypical and malignant tumors were used in this study. Telomerase activity was measured with polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosolvent assay. Telomere length was measured by detecting the terminal restriction fragments using Southern blots. RESULTS Detectable telomerase activity was found in 4 of 13 (30.8%) malignant or atypical meningiomas and only 1 in 49 benign meningiomas (P = 0.006). Elongated telomere length was measured in 6 of 13 (46.1%) patients with malignant or atypical meningiomas and only 1 of 48 (2.1%) in those with benign tumors (P = 0.0002). Three of 4 (75%) of malignant or atypical meningiomas with detectable telomerase activity revealed shortened telomere length, and all tumors with elongated telomere length displayed undetectable telomerase activity. The percentage of malignant or atypical meningiomas with detectable telomerase activity or elongated telomere were significantly higher (76.9%) than that of benign tumors (4.0%). The proliferative index was calculated as the percentage of tumor cell nuclei immunoreactive for Ki-67 to total tumor nuclei. The mean values of proliferative index in benign, atypical, and malignant meningiomas were 1.2, 11.0, and 30.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that telomerase activation may be a critical step in the pathogenesis of malignant or atypical meningioma. Elongation of the telomere length also implicates the high potential for malignant behavior in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung University and Medical Center at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Ko
- Department Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals at Kaohsiung and Linkou, Chang Gung University, 123 Ta-Pei Rd., Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien 833, Taiwan
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Vyshedskiy A, Allana T, Lin JW. Analysis of presynaptic Ca2+ influx and transmitter release kinetics during facilitation at the inhibitor of the crayfish neuromuscular junction. J Neurosci 2000; 20:6326-32. [PMID: 10964937 PMCID: PMC6772962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory synapse of the crayfish neuromuscular junction was used to examine mechanisms underlying the F2 component of synaptic facilitation. Because previous studies have shown accelerated transmitter release during facilitation, we examined whether an activity-dependent plasticity in I(Ca) could underlie this acceleration. We established that fluorescent transients generated by Magnesium Green can resolve small differences in presynaptic Ca(2+) influx that correlate with changes in IPSC waveform. However, there was no change in Ca(2+) transients associated with the accelerated release. Analyzing the initial rise of IPSC and the duration of the presynaptic spike yielded a depolarization-release coupling plot that captures the impact of spike waveform on the initial rate of release. We conclude that accelerated release during F2 facilitation cannot be attributed to plasticity of I(Ca) or modulation of spike waveform. Kinetic analysis showed a reduction in synaptic delay during facilitation only when broad action potentials were used. In unfacilitated release, synaptic delay increased as spike duration lengthened. We propose that small single Ca(2+) channel currents during the plateau phase of broad action potentials raise local Ca(2+) concentration only enough to fill a high-affinity site. Occupation of this site in itself, or events downstream, would convert a vesicle from control to facilitated state. If the conversion were a slow process, it could explain the changes in synaptic delay reported here. This hypothesis can also account for a number of observations related to Ca(2+) cooperativity and synaptic facilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vyshedskiy
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Sung MT, Lin JW, Chen WJ. Villous adenomas of the urinary tract: report of two cases. Chang Gung Med J 2000; 23:291-5. [PMID: 10916230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Villous adenomas are rare tumors of the urinary tract. They are morphologically identical to their counterpart in the colon. The histogenesis and malignant potential are uncertain. We report on 2 cases, 1 each in the urethra and bladder. The first is a 57-year-old male who complained of an acute attack of urinary retention. A papillary tumor, measuring 3.0 x 2.0 cm, was found in the prostatic portion of the urethra by cystoscopy, and the tumor was removed transurethrally. The second case, a 33-year-old male, was a victim of chronic pyelonephritis with severe hydronephrosis resulting from a left renal staghorn stone. A papillary tumor was noted on the dome of the urinary bladder. The tumor, measuring 2.0 x 2.0 cm, was resected by transurethral resection. No recurrence or malignant transformation has been found during the follow-up period. The features of morphology, immunohistochemistry, and histochemistry were well studied. Staining by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, Alcian blue at pH 1.0, and Alcian blue at pH 2.5 were all positive. The carcinoembryonic antigen was strongly positive in the neoplastic glands, especially in the luminal border. We also review the previous literature and discuss the histogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Sung
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chen HY, Weng SF, Lin JW. Identification and analysis of the sap genes from Vibrio fischeri belonging to the ATP-binding cassette gene family required for peptide transport and resistance to antimicrobial peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 269:743-8. [PMID: 10720487 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Partial nucleotide sequences of the sapD and sapF genes of the sap operon (GenBank Accession No. AF178651) from Vibrio fischeri ATCC 7744 have been determined, and the peptide transport system of ATP-binding proteins SapD and SapF encoded by the genes have been deduced. Alignment and comparison of the Sap proteins of V. fischeri, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Haemophilus influenzae Rd show that these proteins are homologous. The sap operon residing in the genome enables V. fischeri to transport peptides and resist antimicrobial peptides. Nucleotide sequence and functional analyses confirm that the specific regulatory-region-like sequence R&R* that resides inside the sapD gene and before the sapF gene functions in gene expression and regulation; also, it is regulated by the LuxR-AI complex of the V. fischeri lux regulon. The putative upstream activator binding sequences SigmaUASI, SigmaUASII, SigmaUASIII TGTCGACTTGGGCCTCGCTGTCCGTATGCACA (72nd to 103rd bp), TGTCCGTATGCACA (90th to 103rd bp), and TGTTCAAGTACCAGAAAGACA (111st to 133rd bp) in the R&R* sequence, which are similar to the two-component regulator binding sequence TGT-N(8-12)-ACA and the LuxR-AI binding sequence ACCTGTAGGATCGTACAGGT in the regulatory region of the V. fischeri lux regulon, might be the specific sequences recognized by the LuxR-AI complex for enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, 40227, Republic of China
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Man HY, Lin JW, Ju WH, Ahmadian G, Liu L, Becker LE, Sheng M, Wang YT. Regulation of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission by clathrin-dependent receptor internalization. Neuron 2000; 25:649-62. [PMID: 10774732 DOI: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)81067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Redistribution of postsynaptic AMPA- (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid-) subtype glutamate receptors may regulate synaptic strength at glutamatergic synapses, but the mediation of the redistribution is poorly understood. We show that AMPA receptors underwent clathrin-dependent endocytosis, which was accelerated by insulin in a GluR2 subunit-dependent manner. Insulin-stimulated endocytosis rapidly decreased AMPA receptor numbers in the plasma membrane, resulting in long-term depression (LTD) of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Moreover, insulin-induced LTD and low-frequency stimulation-(LFS-) induced homosynaptic CA1 LTD were found to be mutually occlusive and were both blocked by inhibiting postsynaptic clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Thus, controlling postsynaptic receptor numbers through endocytosis may be an important mechanism underlying synaptic plasticity in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Man
- Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
A hydrophilic matrix of periodate-oxidized dextran was used as a double-sided linker to covalently immobilize Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) molecules onto a poly-L-lysine-modified piezoelectric crystal surface to improve their stability, activity, and binding specificity with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) in flow injection assays. The prepared sensing crystals displayed best sensitivity and reusability at a flow rate of 140 microL/min. A human IgG concentration as low as 0.3 nM can be detected by this system. Up to 19 successive assay repetitions were achieved without significant loss of sensitivity using the same crystal. The analysis of adsorption kinetics indicates that such a preparation can greatly increase the amount of available active human IgG binding sites on immobilized SpA. Hardly any response arising from unspecific binding was detected. In addition, the sensing crystal prepared by this method was found to retain activity better than one prepared via direct deposition when stored in either wet or dry states. Finally, the prepared SpA-coated crystals were applied to the affinity immobilization of polyclonal goat anti-Schistosoma japonicum glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and were able to subsequently detect GST and its genetically engineered mutant either in a purified form or in the crude cell lysate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan 333, ROC
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Vyshedskiy A, Lin JW. Presynaptic Ca(2+) influx at the inhibitor of the crayfish neuromuscular junction: a photometric study at a high time resolution. J Neurophysiol 2000; 83:552-62. [PMID: 10634895 DOI: 10.1152/jn.2000.83.1.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic calcium influx at the inhibitor of the crayfish neuromuscular junction was investigated by measuring fluorescence transients generated by calcium-sensitive dyes. This approach allowed us to correlate presynaptic calcium influx with transmitter release at a high time resolution. Systematic testing of the calcium indicators showed that only low-affinity dyes, with affinities in the range of micromolar, should be used to avoid saturation of dye binding and interference with transmitter release. Presynaptic calcium influx was regulated by slowly increasing the duration of the action potential through progressive block of potassium channels. The amplitude of the calcium transient, measured from a cluster of varicosities, was linearly related to the duration of the action potential with a slope of 1.2. Gradual changes in potassium channel block allowed us to estimate the calcium cooperativity of transmitter release over a 10-fold range in presynaptic calcium influx. Calcium cooperativity measured here exhibited one component with an average value of 3.1. Inspection of simultaneously recorded presynaptic calcium transients and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) showed that prolonged action potentials were associated with a slow rising phase of presynaptic calcium transients, which were matched by a slow rate of rise of IPSCs. The close correlation suggests that fluorescence transients provide information on the rate of calcium influx. Because there is an anatomic mismatch between the presynaptic calcium transient, measured from a cluster of varicosities, and IPSC, measured with two-electrode voltage clamp, macropatch recording was used to monitor inhibitory postsynaptic responses from the same cluster of varicosities from which the calcium transient was measured. Inhibitory postsynaptic responses recorded with the macropatch method exhibited a faster rising phase than that recorded with two-electrode voltage clamp. This difference could be attributed to slight asynchrony of transmitter release due to action potential conduction along fine branches. In conclusion, this report shows that fluorescence transients generated by calcium-sensitive dyes can provide insights to the properties of presynaptic calcium influx, and its correlation with transmitter release, at a high time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vyshedskiy
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Dardik A, Lin JW, Gordon TA, Williams GM, Perler BA. Results of elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the 1990s: A population-based analysis of 2335 cases. J Vasc Surg 1999; 30:985-95. [PMID: 10587382 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The safety and efficacy of conventional abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair are undergoing increased examination in parallel with the development of less invasive repair methods. Because most published studies of elective AAA repair report operations performed in tertiary referral institutions and thus may not reflect the outcome in the surgical community at large, the current population-based study was undertaken to document the results obtained across a broad spectrum of clinical practice in a defined geographic area and to examine the factors that influence the outcomes. METHODS The Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission database was used to identify all the elective AAA repairs that were performed in all the nonfederal acute care hospitals in the state from 1990 to 1995. RESULTS Elective AAA repair was performed on 2335 patients (mean age, 70.4 years) in 46 of the 52 (88%) nonfederal acute care hospitals in the state, including seven high-volume (>100 cases), nine moderate-volume (50 to 99 cases), and 30 low-volume (<50 cases) institutions. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.5% and increased significantly with advancing age: less than 65 years, 2.2%; 65 to 69 years, 2.5%; 70 to 79 years, 3.5%; and more than 80 years, 7.3% (P =.002). Mortality rates were higher for women (4.5% vs 3.2%; P =.17), for blacks (6.7% vs 3.2%; P =.046), and for patients with renal failure (11.8% vs 3. 4%; P =.11) but not for patients with hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and pulmonary disease. The operative mortality rate was inversely correlated with hospital volume (4.3% in low-volume hospitals, 4.2% in moderate-volume hospitals, and 2.5% in high-volume hospitals; P =.08), although no differences were noted in the mean ages or comorbidity levels of patients who underwent operations in these three hospital populations. The operative mortality rate was inversely correlated with the experience of the individual surgeon: one case, 9.9%; two to nine cases, 4.9%; 10 to 49 cases, 2.8%; 50 to 99 cases, 2.9%; and more than 100 cases, 3.8% (P =.01). Multivariate analysis results identified patient age (P =. 002), low hospital volume (P =.039), and very low surgeon volume (P =.01) as independent predictors of operative mortality. The mean length of stay and mean hospital charges were 10.6 days and $17,589 and decreased with increasing surgeon volume: one case, 22.7 days/$32,800; two to nine cases, 10.6 days/$18,509; 10 to 49 cases, 10.0 days/$16,611; 50 to 99 cases, 10.9 days/$17,843; and more than 100 cases, 9.6 days/$16,682 (P <.0001/P <.0001). CONCLUSION Elective AAA repair is a safe procedure in contemporary practice in Maryland. Operative risk is increased among the elderly and when operations are performed by surgeons with very low volumes or in low-volume hospitals. Hospital lengths of stay were shorter and charges were lower when elective AAA repair was performed by surgeons with higher volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dardik
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287-4685, USA
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Westphal RS, Tavalin SJ, Lin JW, Alto NM, Fraser ID, Langeberg LK, Sheng M, Scott JD. Regulation of NMDA receptors by an associated phosphatase-kinase signaling complex. Science 1999; 285:93-6. [PMID: 10390370 DOI: 10.1126/science.285.5424.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activity by kinases and phosphatases contributes to the modulation of synaptic transmission. Targeting of these enzymes near the substrate is proposed to enhance phosphorylation-dependent modulation. Yotiao, an NMDA receptor-associated protein, bound the type I protein phosphatase (PP1) and the adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) holoenzyme. Anchored PP1 was active, limiting channel activity, whereas PKA activation overcame constitutive PP1 activity and conferred rapid enhancement of NMDA receptor currents. Hence, yotiao is a scaffold protein that physically attaches PP1 and PKA to NMDA receptors to regulate channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Westphal
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, 3181 S.W. Sam Jackson Road, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Abstract
A case of acute progressive disseminated histoplasmosis complicated with hypercalcemia is reported and the literature is reviewed. This and the previously reported cases imply that physicians should have a higher index of suspicion for this infection and the probable underlying diseases resulting from impaired cellular-mediated immunity when encountering patients with hypercalcaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Weng SF, Chen CY, Lee YS, Lin JW, Tseng YH. Identification of a novel beta-lactamase produced by Xanthomonas campestris, a phytopathogenic bacterium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:1792-7. [PMID: 10390247 PMCID: PMC89368 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.7.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 11 chromosome encodes a periplasmic beta-lactamase of 30 kDa. Gene replacement and complementation confirmed the presence of this enzyme. Its deduced amino acid sequence shows identity and conserved domains between it and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia L2 and other Ambler class A/Bush group 2 beta-lactamases. Southern hybridization detected a single homologous fragment in each of 12 other Xanthomonas strains, indicating that the presence of a beta-lactamase gene is common among xanthomonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Weng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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