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Trends in BMI Percentile and Body Fat Percentage in Children 12 to 17 Years of Age. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9050744. [PMID: 35626921 PMCID: PMC9140085 DOI: 10.3390/children9050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the cross-sectional trends in body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI) percentile rank, and the relationship between the two in 332 (177 boys, 155 girls) 12- to 17-year-old children. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using measured height and body mass, and sex-specific BMI for age percentile rank was determined using CDC growth charts. Body fat percentage (BF%) was measured with DEXA. Fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were calculated by normalizing the fat mass and fat-free mass for height. Compared to boys of the same age, girls had significantly higher BF% and FMI values and lower FFMI values. Compared to boys, at a given BMI percentile rank, females had a higher BF% and FMI, and a lower FFMI. In both boys and girls, there was an exponential increase in adiposity above the 70th percentile rank. BMI percentile rank is not an equivalent indicator of body fatness in boys and girls. Other measures of body composition can further inform the practitioner of a child’s adiposity.
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Kim JH, Kim JA, Ha EK, Jee HM, Lee SW, Jung MK, Lee S, Shin YH, Yoo EG, Han MY. Sex differences in body composition affect total airway resistance during puberty. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:143. [PMID: 35300646 PMCID: PMC8928689 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During puberty, changes in body composition due to sex hormones are associated with lung mechanics. However, little is known about the mediation effect of sex differences in body composition during puberty with total airway resistance. METHODS We prospectively recruited 620 children (10-12 years old) from the general population and conducted a cross-sectional study. This study assessed pubertal status according to the five Tanner stages using a questionnaire, line drawings, and each subject's blood sex hormone profile. Both the impulse oscillation system for total lung mechanics and multifrequency bioelectrical impedance for body composition analyses were conducted. The effects of puberty on body composition and subsequent total lung resistance were evaluated using mediation analysis. RESULTS Among the 503 children enrolled, there were 261 males (51.9%) and 242 females (48.1%). In males, higher testosterone levels corresponded with reduced total lung resistance (β = -0.13, 95% CI = -0.21 to -0.05, p < 0.001), and the proportion of the mediating effect through the muscle-fat ratio was 19% (95% CI = 4 to 59, p = 0.02). In contrast, in females, pubertal status reduced total lung resistance (β = -0.27, 95% CI = -0.58 to -0.05, p = 0.04), however, the proportion of the mediating effect through the body mass index was -51% (95% CI = -244 to -4%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The muscle-fat ratio in adolescent males had a synergistic effect with testosterone on improving total airway resistance, whereas improvements in lung resistance by pubertal status were partially masked by body mass index in adolescent females. In conclusion, body composition changes during puberty between males and females have differing effects on total airway resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ah Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Data Science, Sejong University College of Software Convergence, Seoul, Korea.,Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mo Kyung Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sanghoo Lee
- Center for Companion Biomarker, Seoul Clinical Laboratories Healthcare, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yoon Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyong Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Man Yong Han
- Department of Pediatrics, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
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Santos RMD, Nobre IG, Santos GCJ, Oliveira TLPSDA, Ribeiro IDC, Santos MAMD, Pirola L, Leandro CG. Validity and accuracy of body fat prediction equations using anthropometric measurements in children 7 – 10 years old. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2022v24e86719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
abstract Children with a deficit of growth because of perinatal malnutrition present specificities in the percentage of body fat (%BF) that could not be detected by previous fat mass-based equations. This study developed and validated predictive equations of the %BF derived from anthropometric variables in children aged 7 to 10 living in Northeast Brazil, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference. Body composition data from 58 children were utilized. DXA was used as a reference. A stepwise (forward) multiple regression statistical model was used to develop the new equations. The Bland-Altman analysis (CI: 95%), paired Student's t-test, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to validate and compare the developed equations. Two new equations were developed for either gender: boys: %BF: 13.642 + (1.527*BMI) + (-0.345*Height) + (0.875*Triceps) + (0.290* Waist Circumference) and girls: %BF: -13.445 + (2.061*Tight). The Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement, with limits ranging from -1.33 to 1.24% for boys and -3.35 to 4.08% for girls. The paired Student’s t-test showed no difference between %BF-DXA and the two new equations (p> 0.05), and the ICC was 0.948 and 0.915, respectively. DXA-based anthropometric equations provide an accurate and noninvasive method to measure changes in the %BF in children.
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Chiong R, Fan Z, Hu Z, Chiong F. Using an improved relative error support vector machine for body fat prediction. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 198:105749. [PMID: 33080491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The term 'obesity' refers to excessive body fat, and it is a chronic disease associated with various complications. Although a range of techniques for body fat estimation have been developed to assess obesity, they are typically associated with high-cost tests requiring special equipment. Accurate prediction of the body fat percentage based on easily accessed body measurements is thus important for assessing obesity and its related diseases. This paper presents an improved relative error support vector machine approach to predict body fat in a cost-effective manner. METHODS Our proposed method introduces a bias error control term into its objective function to obtain an unbiased estimation. Feature selection is also utilised, by removing either redundant or irrelevant features without incurring much loss of information, to further improve the prediction accuracy. In addition, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test is used to validate if the performance of our proposed method is significantly better than other prediction models being compared. RESULTS Experimental results based on four evaluation metrics show that the proposed method is able to outperform other prediction models under comparison. Considering the characteristics of different features (e.g., body measurements), we show that applying feature selection can further improve the prediction performance. Statistical analysis carried out confirms that our proposed method has obtained significantly better results than other compared methods. CONCLUSIONS We have proposed a new approach to predict the body fat percentage effectively. This approach can provide a good reference for people to know their body fat percentage with easily accessed measurements. Statistical test results based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum test not only show that our proposed method has significantly better performance than other prediction models being compared, but also confirm the usefulness of incorporating feature selection into the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Chiong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, PR China.
| | - Zongwen Fan
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computing, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Zhongyi Hu
- School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - Fabian Chiong
- Alice Springs Hospital, The Gap, NT 0870, Australia.
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van Gent M, Pienaar A, Noorbhai H. Comparison of Body Mass Index and fat percentage criteria classification of 7-13 year-old rural boys in South Africa. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:527. [PMID: 33203387 PMCID: PMC7670705 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this paper was to investigate whether BMI and fat percentage classification criteria, would classify a sample of 7–13 year old boys from a rural background in similar nutritional categories. Methods A cross-sectional study with a stratified random sampling included 601 rural boys (7–13 years old). Fat percentage criteria classification and BMI were calculated and compared. Maturity status, and age at peak height velocity (PHV) were indirectly determined. Statistical techniques included descriptive statistics, Pearson product correlation coefficients, the Kappa agreement test and the McNemar’s test. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results All age groups presented with statistically significant high correlations between BMI and fat percentage, and low to medium correlations between fat percentage and maturity age (MA). Measurement of agreement between BMI and fat percentage classifications showed poor to fair agreements for all age groups, with the exception of the eight-year old group which presented a moderate agreement. Conclusions Classifications based on BMI and fat percentage, results in different classifications for the same population. Until further research has been done to determine the best classification for nutritional status, it is recommended that both classification methods be used for more accurate classification of nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya van Gent
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anita Pienaar
- School for Human Movement Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Habib Noorbhai
- Department of Sport and Movement Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Bhullar G, Tanawattanacharoen VK, Yeh MY, Kim WS, Vidmar AP, Geffner ME, Hwang DH, Kim MS. Early Adiposity Rebound Predicts Obesity and Adiposity in Youth with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Horm Res Paediatr 2020; 93:609-615. [PMID: 33691315 PMCID: PMC8159886 DOI: 10.1159/000514130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors such as obesity, abdominal adiposity, and hypertension. Patients with CAH also exhibit an earlier adiposity rebound (AR) compared to normative populations. However, the predictive relationship between AR and cardiometabolic risk factors needs to be better understood. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study at a US tertiary pediatric center in youth with classical CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AR was determined by cubic polynomial modeling. A subset of participants had fasting analytes, whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and magnetic resonance imaging as adolescents. RESULTS In 42 youth with CAH (45.2% female, 54.8% Hispanic, and 90.5% salt-wasting form), the average age at AR was 3.4 ± 1.3 years. AR differed by BMI-z, with youth with obesity having an earlier AR (2.8 ± 1.0 years) compared to lean youth (4.1 ± 1.3 years, p = 0.001). However, AR did not differ by either CAH form or sex. Earlier AR predicted higher BMI-z at 7 and 12 years of age. In addition, earlier AR predicted increased central obesity (as measured by waist circumference, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and trunk fat) and total body fat in adolescence. AR was negatively correlated with bone age, and its relationships with HDL and hypertension were trending towards significance. CONCLUSIONS AR in youth with classical CAH could serve as a useful clinical marker to identify those patients who are at higher risk for developing cardiometabolic risk factors during childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Bhullar
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mei Y. Yeh
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - William S. Kim
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alaina P. Vidmar
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mitchell E. Geffner
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Darryl H. Hwang
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mimi S. Kim
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nikolaidis PT, Kintziou E, Georgoudis G, Afonso J, Vancini RL, Knechtle B. The Effect of Body Mass Index on Acute Cardiometabolic Responses to Graded Exercise Testing in Children: A Narrative Review. Sports (Basel) 2018; 6:E103. [PMID: 30241337 PMCID: PMC6316372 DOI: 10.3390/sports6040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the beneficial role of exercise for health is widely recognized, it is not clear to what extent the acute physiological responses (e.g., heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO₂)) to a graded exercise test are influenced by nutritional status (i.e., overweight vs. normal-weight). Therefore, the main objectives of the present narrative review were to examine the effect of nutritional status on acute HR, and VO₂ responses of children to exercise testing. For this purpose, we examined existing literature using PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines. Compared with their normal-body mass index (BMI) peers, a trend of higher HRrest, higher HR during submaximal exercise testing, and lower HRmax was observed among overweight and obese children (according to BMI). Independent from exercise mode (walking, running, cycling, or stepping), exercise testing was metabolically more demanding (i.e., higher VO₂) for obese and overweight children than for their normal-weight peers. Considering these cardiometabolic differences according to BMI in children might help exercise specialists to evaluate the outcome of a graded exercise test (GXT) (e.g., VO2max, HRmax) and to prescribe optimal exercise intensity in the context of development of exercise programs for the management of body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Kintziou
- School of Health Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece.
| | | | - José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rodrigo L Vancini
- Center of Physical Education and Sport, Federal University of Espírito Santo, 29075-910 Vitória, Brazil.
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, 9001 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ruhee D, Mahomoodally F. Relationship between family meal frequency and individual dietary intake among diabetic patients. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:66. [PMID: 26258111 PMCID: PMC4529702 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Notoriously, the island of Mauritius has one of the highest prevalence of diabetes in the world. Management of the disease is very important and family meals are undoubtedly beneficial to patients as they promote the development of healthy eating behaviours and food choices. This study has aimed to probe into potential relationship(s) between family meal frequency and individual dietary intake among diabetic patients and to establish whether family cohesion may be a plausible mediator of this relationship. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out with a random sample of 384 diabetic patients. The Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale III was used to obtain information on two general aspects of family functioning, that is, cohesiveness and adaptability. Chi-squared (χ2) tests, independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to determine statistical significance. Pearson correlation was used to examine associations between family meal frequency, individual dietary intake and family cohesion. Hierarchical linear regression models were performed for the mediation analysis. Results Family meal frequency (breakfast, lunch and dinner) was observed to be positively associated with intake of fish, raw vegetables, dried and fresh fruits, low-fat milk, cheese, yogurt, nuts and light butter and negatively associated with intake of red meat, white rice, white bread, whole egg fried, chocolates, fried cakes, burgers, chips, and fried noodles/rice. Average mediation (52.6 %) was indicated by family cohesion for the association between family meal frequency and individual dietary intake among diabetic patients. Sobel’s test further confirmed the trend towards complete mediation (z = 15.4; P < 0.05). Conclusions A strong relationship between family meal frequency and individual dietary intake among diabetic patients was recorded. The present study is one of the few studies that have examined family cohesion as a mediator of the relationship and to our best knowledge is the first work to demonstrate a trend towards complete mediation. Results obtained can be used by health professionals to devise strategies for increasing knowledge and awareness of both diabetic patients and their respective families to curd down this public health burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Ruhee
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, 230 Réduit, Mauritius
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Identifying Overweight and Obese Children. TOP CLIN NUTR 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kowal M, Kryst Ł, Woronkowicz A, Brudecki J, Sobiecki J. Time trends in BMI, body fatness, and adiposity rebound among boys from Kraków (Poland) from 1983 to 2010. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 27:646-53. [PMID: 25754811 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of childhood obesity has been increasing during the last decades in many countries, but less is known about secular trends in growth curves covering the whole childhood span. The main purpose of this study was to explore changes in body weight, height, BMI, percent body fat (%BF), adiposity rebound (AR), and pubertal timing in boys from Kraków between 1983 and 2010. METHODS Totally, 4,986 boys (3-18 years) were measured during cross-sectional studies. Using the results of height, weight, and skinfold measurements, BMI and %BF were calculated. The LMS method was used to construct BMI and %BF percentiles. Three cut-off points were distinguished in individual age groups of the subjects-below the 15th percentile, 50th percentile, and above the 85th percentile. The mean age at pubarche was calculated by the probit method. RESULTS The boys from 2010 were taller and heavier than the boys from 1983. Before the time of AR, boys from 2010 had lower BMI, but after AR had higher BMI than boys from 1983. An earlier AR appeared in all BMI 2010 percentile curves as compared to 1983. The boys from 2010 also showed an acceleration of sexual maturation and earlier Tanner Stage II, equaling 11.80 years. CONCLUSIONS In boys from 2010, AR occurs earlier than in boys from 1983. Changes in timing of AR cannot be explained only by changes in degree of body adiposity. Early AR could be a marker of the acceleration of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woronkowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janusz Brudecki
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Sobiecki
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Physical Education, 31-571, Kraków, Poland
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Ferrari EP, Minatto G, Berria J, Silva SFDS, Fidelix YL, Ribeiro RR, Santos KD, Petroski EL. Body image dissatisfaction and anthropometric indicators in male children and adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 69:1140-4. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Santiago S, Zazpe I, Martí A, Cuervo M, Martínez JA. Gender differences in lifestyle determinants of overweight prevalence in a sample of Southern European children. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 7:e391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Prévalence du surpoids, et rapport entre l’indice de masse corporelle, le pourcentage de graisse corporelle et la condition physique chez les footballeurs masculins âgés de 14 à 16ans. Sci Sports 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Association between body mass index, body fat per cent and muscle power output in soccer players. Open Med (Wars) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11536-012-0057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe objectives of this study were to examine (a) the prevalence of overweight/obesity, (b) the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent (BF), and (c) the association between BMI, BF and power output in adult male soccer players. Members of competitive soccer clubs (n=169, aged 22.7±4.2yr) were examined for anthropometric characteristics and body composition, and performed the physical working capacity in heart rate 170 min−1 test (PWC170), a force-velocity test (F-v) and the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT). Based on international BMI cut-off points, 17.8% (n=30) of participants were classified as overweight. BMI was correlated with BF (r=0.67, p<0.001) and could be predicted based on the equation BF=1.193·BMI-12.24 (standard error of estimate 2.49). BMI and BF were in inverse relationship with mean power during WAnT (r=−0.30, p<0.001; r=−0.47, p<0.001, respectively). BF was also in inverse relationship with PWC170 (r=−0.26, p<0.001) and maximal power of the F-v test (r=−0.18, p=0.020).The prevalence of overweight among participants was lower than what is observed in general population. The findings confirmed previous observations on general population about the negative effect of overweight and fatness on selected parameters of physical fitness.
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Nikolaidis PT. Elevated body mass index and body fat percentage are associated with decreased physical fitness in soccer players aged 12-14 years. Asian J Sports Med 2012; 3:168-74. [PMID: 23012636 PMCID: PMC3445644 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.34687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adolescents are in increased risk for the development of obesity, while sport has been suggested as an effective means against adolescent obesity. The objectives of this study were to examine (a) the prevalence of overweightness/obesity, (b) the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and body fat percent (BF), and (c) the association between BMI, BF and physical fitness in adolescent soccer players. Methods Members (n=136, aged 13.1±0.6 yr) of competitive soccer clubs were examined for physical and physiological characteristics. Results Based on international BMI cut-off points, 19.9% (n=27) of participants were classified as overweight. BMI was highly correlated with BF (r=0.77, P<0.001). BMI and BF were in inverse relationship with aerobic power (r= − 0.29, P<0.001; r= − 0.44, P<0.001, respectively), maximal anaerobic power (r= − 0.23, P=0.009; r= − 0.47, P<0.001) and local muscular endurance (r= − 0.36, P<0.001; r= − 0.67, P<0.001). Conclusions The strong relationship between BMI and BF suggest the further use of BMI in adolescent soccer players. The findings confirmed previous observations in the general population about the negative effect of overweight and fatness on physical fitness. The prevalence of overweightness among participants was similar with what is observed in general population. Therefore, sport participation cannot guarantee physiological body mass and body composition, and it is necessary to prescribe exercise targeting body mass and fat control.
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