1
|
Cameron J, Kanibolotsky AL, Skabara PJ. Lest We Forget-The Importance of Heteroatom Interactions in Heterocyclic Conjugated Systems, from Synthetic Metals to Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2302259. [PMID: 37086184 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of synthetic metals is, and remains, highly influential for the development of organic semiconductor materials. Yet, with the passing of time and the rapid development of conjugated materials in recent years, the link between synthetic metals and organic semiconductors is at risk of being forgotten. This review reflects on one of the key concepts developed in synthetic metals - heteroatom interactions. The application of this strategy in recent organic semiconductor materials, small molecules and polymers, is highlighted, with analysis of X-ray crystal structures and comparisons with model systems used to determine the influence of these non-covalent short contacts. The case is made that the wide range of effective heteroatom interactions and the high performance that has been achieved in devices from organic solar cells to transistors is testament to the seeds sown by the synthetic metals research community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cameron
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander L Kanibolotsky
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
- Institute of Physical-Organic Chemistry and Coal Chemistry, Kyiv, 02160, Ukraine
| | - Peter J Skabara
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
KIM S, YUMUŞAK Ç, IRIMIA CV, BEDNORZ M, YENEL E, KUŞ M, SARIÇİFTÇİ NS, SHIM BS, IRIMIA-VLADU M. Amplifying the dielectric constant of shellac by incorporating natural clays for organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Turk J Chem 2023; 47:1169-1182. [PMID: 38173751 PMCID: PMC10762868 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate in this work the practical use of uniform mixtures of a bioresin shellac and four natural clays, i.e. montmorillonite, sepiolite, halloysite and vermiculate as dielectrics in organic field effect transistors (OFETs). We present a thorough characterization of their processability and film forming characteristic, surface characterization, elaborate dielectric investigation and the fabrication of field effect transistors with two classic organic semiconductors, i.e. pentacene and fullerene C60. We show that low operating voltage of approximately 4 V is possible for all the OFETs using several combinations of clays and shellac. The capacitance measurements show an improvement of the dielectric constant of shellac by a factor of 2, to values in excess of 7 in the uniform mixtures of sepiolite and montmorillonite with this bioresin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo KIM
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University,
South Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University,
South Korea
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz,
Austria
| | - Çiğdem YUMUŞAK
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz,
Austria
| | - Cristian Vlad IRIMIA
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz,
Austria
| | - Mateusz BEDNORZ
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz,
Austria
| | - Esma YENEL
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya,
Turkiye
| | - Mahmut KUŞ
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, Konya,
Turkiye
| | - Niyazi Serdar SARIÇİFTÇİ
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz,
Austria
| | - Bong Sup SHIM
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University,
South Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University,
South Korea
| | - Mihai IRIMIA-VLADU
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz,
Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coppola ME, Petritz A, Irimia CV, Yumusak C, Mayr F, Bednorz M, Matkovic A, Aslam MA, Saller K, Schwarzinger C, Ionita MD, Schiek M, Smeds AI, Salinas Y, Brüggemann O, D'Orsi R, Mattonai M, Ribechini E, Operamolla A, Teichert C, Xu C, Stadlober B, Sariciftci NS, Irimia‐Vladu M. Pinaceae Pine Resins (Black Pine, Shore Pine, Rosin, and Baltic Amber) as Natural Dielectrics for Low Operating Voltage, Hysteresis-Free, Organic Field Effect Transistors. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2300062. [PMID: 37745829 PMCID: PMC10517313 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Four pinaceae pine resins analyzed in this study: black pine, shore pine, Baltic amber, and rosin demonstrate excellent dielectric properties, outstanding film forming, and ease of processability from ethyl alcohol solutions. Their trap-free nature allows fabrication of virtually hysteresis-free organic field effect transistors operating in a low voltage window with excellent stability under bias stress. Such green constituents represent an excellent choice of materials for applications targeting biocompatibility and biodegradability of electronics and sensors, within the overall effort of sustainable electronics development and environmental friendliness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Petritz
- Joanneum Research ForschungsgesellschaftMaterialsFranz‐Pichler Str. Nr. 30Weiz8169Austria
| | - Cristian Vlad Irimia
- Joanneum Research ForschungsgesellschaftMaterialsFranz‐Pichler Str. Nr. 30Weiz8169Austria
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Cigdem Yumusak
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Felix Mayr
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Mateusz Bednorz
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Aleksandar Matkovic
- Chair of PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsMechanics and Electrical EngineeringMontanuniversität LeobenFranz Josef Str. 18Leoben8700Austria
| | - Muhammad Awais Aslam
- Chair of PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsMechanics and Electrical EngineeringMontanuniversität LeobenFranz Josef Str. 18Leoben8700Austria
| | - Klara Saller
- Institut for Chemical Technologies of Organic MaterialsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Clemens Schwarzinger
- Institut for Chemical Technologies of Organic MaterialsJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Maria Daniela Ionita
- National Institute for LaserPlasma and Radiation PhysicsPO Box Mg‐36, MagureleBucharest077125Romania
| | - Manuela Schiek
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
- Johannes Kepler University LinzCenter for Surface and Nanoanalytics (ZONA) Altenberger Str. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Annika I. Smeds
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology/Wood and Paper ChemistryÅbo Akademi UniversityPorthansgatan 3‐5, ÅboTurku20500Finland
| | - Yolanda Salinas
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Str. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenberger Str. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Rosarita D'Orsi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 13Pisa56124Italy
| | - Marco Mattonai
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 13Pisa56124Italy
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 13Pisa56124Italy
| | - Alessandra Operamolla
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Moruzzi 13Pisa56124Italy
| | - Christian Teichert
- Chair of PhysicsDepartment of PhysicsMechanics and Electrical EngineeringMontanuniversität LeobenFranz Josef Str. 18Leoben8700Austria
| | - Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Natural Materials Technology/Wood and Paper ChemistryÅbo Akademi UniversityPorthansgatan 3‐5, ÅboTurku20500Finland
| | - Barbara Stadlober
- Joanneum Research ForschungsgesellschaftMaterialsFranz‐Pichler Str. Nr. 30Weiz8169Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
| | - Mihai Irimia‐Vladu
- Joanneum Research ForschungsgesellschaftMaterialsFranz‐Pichler Str. Nr. 30Weiz8169Austria
- Johannes Kepler University LinzDept. Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz4040Austria
- Present address:
Mihai Irimia‐VladuJohannes Kepler University LinzInstitute of Physical ChemistryLinz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Altenberger Str. Nr. 69Linz40040Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boivin L, Dupont W, Gendron D, Leclerc M. Biosourced Monomers: Toward Sustainable Conjugated Polymers for Organic Electronics. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis‐Philippe Boivin
- Department of Chemistry Université Laval 1045 Av. de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - William Dupont
- Department of Chemistry Université Laval 1045 Av. de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - David Gendron
- Kemitek Cégep de Thetford 835 Rue Mooney O Thetford Mines QC G6G 0A5 Canada
| | - Mario Leclerc
- Department of Chemistry Université Laval 1045 Av. de la Médecine Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Ambipolar transistor properties have been observed in various small-molecule materials. Since a small energy gap is necessary, many types of molecular designs including extended π-skeletons as well as the incorporation of donor and acceptor units have been attempted. In addition to the energy levels, an inert passivation layer is important to observe ambipolar transistor properties. Ambipolar transport has been observed in extraordinary π-electron systems such as antiaromatic compounds, biradicals, radicals, metal complexes, and hydrogen-bonded materials. Several donor/acceptor cocrystals show ambipolar transport as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Higashino
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yumusak C, Mayr F, Wielend D, Kahraman B, Kanbur Y, Langhals H, Irimia‐Vladu M. 1,7‐diazaperylene in Organic Field Effect Transistors. Isr J Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Yumusak
- Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Physical Chemistry, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Altenberger Str. Nr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Brno University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry, Materials Research Centre Purkyňova 118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Felix Mayr
- Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Physical Chemistry, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Altenberger Str. Nr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Institute of Applied Physics Johannes Kepler University Linz Altenberger Str. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Dominik Wielend
- Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Physical Chemistry, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Altenberger Str. Nr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Bilge Kahraman
- Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Physical Chemistry, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Altenberger Str. Nr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Department of Material Science and Nanotechnology Engineering TOBB ETU University Söğütözü, Söğütözü Cd. No:43 06510 Çankaya/Ankara Turkey
| | - Yasin Kanbur
- Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Physical Chemistry, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Altenberger Str. Nr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Department of Chemistry Karabük University Baliklarkayasi Mevkii 78050 Karabük Turkey
| | - Heinz Langhals
- Department of Chemistry LMU University of Munich Butenandtstr. 13 D-81377 Münich Germany
| | - Mihai Irimia‐Vladu
- Johannes Kepler University Linz Institute of Physical Chemistry, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS) Altenberger Str. Nr. 69 4040 Linz Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Irimia-Vladu M, Kanbur Y, Camaioni F, Coppola ME, Yumusak C, Irimia CV, Vlad A, Operamolla A, Farinola GM, Suranna GP, González-Benitez N, Molina MC, Bautista LF, Langhals H, Stadlober B, Głowacki ED, Sariciftci NS. Stability of Selected Hydrogen Bonded Semiconductors in Organic Electronic Devices. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019; 31:6315-6346. [PMID: 32565617 PMCID: PMC7297463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The electronics era is flourishing and morphing itself into Internet of Everything, IoE. At the same time, questions arise on the issue of electronic materials employed: especially their natural availability and low-cost fabrication, their functional stability in devices, and finally their desired biodegradation at the end of their life cycle. Hydrogen bonded pigments and natural dyes like indigo, anthraquinone and acridone are not only biodegradable and of bio-origin but also have functionality robustness and offer versatility in designing electronics and sensors components. With this Perspective, we intend to coalesce all the scattered reports on the above-mentioned classes of hydrogen bonded semiconductors, spanning across several disciplines and many active research groups. The article will comprise both published and unpublished results, on stability during aging, upon electrical, chemical and thermal stress, and will finish with an outlook section related to biological degradation and biological stability of selected hydrogen bonded molecules employed as semiconductors in organic electronic devices. We demonstrate that when the purity, the long-range order and the strength of chemical bonds, are considered, then the Hydrogen bonded organic semiconductors are the privileged class of materials having the potential to compete with inorganic semiconductors. As an experimental historical study of stability, we fabricated and characterized organic transistors from a material batch synthesized in 1932 and compared the results to a fresh material batch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Mihai
Irimia-Vladu. E-mail:
| | - Yasin Kanbur
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Karabuk University, BaliklarkayasiMevkii, 78050 Karabük, Turkey
| | - Fausta Camaioni
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- School
of Industrial and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Raffaele Lambruschini, 15, 20156 Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Coppola
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- School
of Industrial and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Via Raffaele Lambruschini, 15, 20156 Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cigdem Yumusak
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Cristian Vlad Irimia
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
- Bundesrealgymnasium
Seebacher, Seebachergasse 11, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Vlad
- National
Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Atomistilor Street, No. 409, Magurele, Bucharest, 077125 Ilfov, Romania
| | - Alessandra Operamolla
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca M. Farinola
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università degli Studi
di Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona 4, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- Department
of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalia González-Benitez
- Department
of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Molina
- Department
of Biology and Geology, Physics and Inorganic Chemistry, Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Luis Fernando Bautista
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Technology, Rey Juan Carlos University, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles (Madrid), Spain
| | - Heinz Langhals
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Department
Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians
University München, Butenandtstr. 13, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Barbara Stadlober
- Joanneum
Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Str. Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Austria
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- Linköping
University, Department of Science
and Technology, Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Bredgatan 33, Norrköping 60221, Sweden
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz
Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Str. Nr. 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mokni M, Maggioni G, Kahouli A, Carturan SM, Raniero W, Sylvestre A. Nanocomposite-parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic electronic devices. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:428-441. [PMID: 30873313 PMCID: PMC6404397 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposite-parylene C (NCPC) thin films were deposited with a new technique based on the combination of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for parylene C deposition and RF-magnetron sputtering for silver deposition. This method yields good dispersion of Ag-containing nanoparticles inside the parylene C polymer matrix. Film composition and structure were studied by using several techniques. It was found that the plasma generated by the RF-magnetron reactor modifies the film density as well as the degree of crystallinity and the size of parylene C crystallites. Moreover, silver is incorporated in the parylene matrix as an oxide phase. The average size of the Ag oxide nanoparticles is lower than 20 nm and influences the roughness of the NCPC films. Samples with various contents and sizes of silver-oxide nanoparticles were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in view of their final application. It was found that both the content and the size of the nanoparticles influence the value of the dielectric constant and the frequency-dependence of the permittivity. In particular, β-relaxation is affected by the addition of nanoparticles as well as the dissipation factor, which is even improved. A dielectric constant of 5 ± 1 with a dissipation factor of less than 0.045 in the range from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz is obtained for a 2.7 µm thick NCPC with 3.8% Ag content. This study provides guidance for future NCPC materials for insulating gates in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and advanced electronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mokni
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, G2Elab, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gianluigi Maggioni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35121 Padova (PD), Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Abdelkader Kahouli
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, G2Elab, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sara M Carturan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35121 Padova (PD), Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Walter Raniero
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Viale dell’Università 2, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Alain Sylvestre
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, G2Elab, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amdursky N, Głowacki ED, Meredith P. Macroscale Biomolecular Electronics and Ionics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802221. [PMID: 30334284 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The conduction of ions and electrons over multiple length scales is central to the processes that drive the biological world. The multidisciplinary attempts to elucidate the physics and chemistry of electron, proton, and ion transfer in biological charge transfer have focused primarily on the nano- and microscales. However, recently significant progress has been made on biomolecular materials that can support ion and electron currents over millimeters if not centimeters. Likewise, similar transport phenomena in organic semiconductors and ionics have led to new innovations in a wide variety of applications from energy generation and storage to displays and bioelectronics. Here, the underlying principles of conduction on the macroscale in biomolecular materials are discussed, highlighting recent examples, and particularly the establishment of accurate structure-property relationships to guide rationale material and device design. The technological viability of biomolecular electronics and ionics is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav Amdursky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Bredgatan 33, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58183, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paul Meredith
- Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim H, Kim G, Song I, Lee J, Abdullah H, Yang C, Oh JH. Ambipolar organic phototransistors based on 6,6'-dibromoindigo. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14747-14752. [PMID: 35541344 PMCID: PMC9079942 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02346h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambipolar organic phototransistors were fabricated using a natural pigment 6,6'-dibromoindigo (6-BrIG) as the active channel. These phototransistors yielded significantly enhanced currents upon light illumination with photoresponsivities and external quantum efficiencies as high as 10.3 A W-1 and 2437% for the n-channel, and 55.4 mA W-1 and 13.1% for the p-channel, respectively. In addition, simple inverter complementary circuits were fabricated by integrating two ambipolar phototransistors. Channel current was dependent on light intensity and voltage bias. This study provides a basis for an in-depth understanding of the optoelectronic characteristics of 6-BrIG, and introduces this material as an ecofriendly candidate for optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoeun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 South Korea
| | - Gyoungsik Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Inho Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 South Korea
| | - Jungho Lee
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Hanum Abdullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 South Korea
| | - Joon Hak Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) Pohang Gyeongbuk 790-784 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shityakov S, Roewer N, Förster C, Broscheit JA. In Silico Modeling of Indigo and Tyrian Purple Single-Electron Nano-Transistors Using Density Functional Theory Approach. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:439. [PMID: 28683535 PMCID: PMC5498432 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2193-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and implement an in silico model of indigoid-based single-electron transistor (SET) nanodevices, which consist of indigoid molecules from natural dye weakly coupled to gold electrodes that function in a Coulomb blockade regime. The electronic properties of the indigoid molecules were investigated using the optimized density-functional theory (DFT) with a continuum model. Higher electron transport characteristics were determined for Tyrian purple, consistent with experimentally derived data. Overall, these results can be used to correctly predict and emphasize the electron transport functions of organic SETs, demonstrating their potential for sustainable nanoelectronics comprising the biodegradable and biocompatible materials. In silico model and gate coupling of indigoid single-electron nano-transistors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Shityakov
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Norbert Roewer
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Sapiotec Ltd., 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carola Förster
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens-Albert Broscheit
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Sapiotec Ltd., 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang H, Yang L, Facchetti A, Marks TJ. Organic and Polymeric Semiconductors Enhanced by Noncovalent Conformational Locks. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10291-10318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Huang
- College
of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology and Chinese Academy
of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- College
of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology and Chinese Academy
of Sciences Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon
Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077, United States
| | - Tobin J. Marks
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Al-Shadeedi A, Liu S, Keum CM, Kasemann D, Hoßbach C, Bartha J, Bunge SD, Lüssem B. Minority Currents in n-Doped Organic Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32432-32439. [PMID: 27797170 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Doping allows us to control the majority and minority charge carrier concentration in organic field-effect transistors. However, the precise mechanism of minority charge carrier generation and transport in organic semiconductors is largely unknown. Here, the injection of minority charge carriers into n-doped organic field-effect transistors is studied. It is shown that holes can be efficiently injected into the transistor channel via Zener tunneling inside the intrinsic pentacene layer underneath the drain electrode. Moreover, it is shown that the onset of minority (hole) conduction is shifted by lightly n-doping the channel region of the transistor. This behavior can be explained by a large voltage that has to be applied to the gate in order to fully deplete the n-doped layer as well as an increase in hole trapping by inactive dopants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Al-Shadeedi
- Department of Physics and ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik and §Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shiyi Liu
- Department of Physics and ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik and §Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chang-Min Keum
- Department of Physics and ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik and §Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Kasemann
- Department of Physics and ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik and §Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoßbach
- Department of Physics and ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik and §Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johann Bartha
- Department of Physics and ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik and §Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Scott D Bunge
- Department of Physics and ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik and §Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Lüssem
- Department of Physics and ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University , Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Institut für Angewandte Photophysik and §Institut für Halbleiter- und Mikrosystemtechnik, TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Truger M, Jones AOF, Coclite AM, Pachmajer S, Kriegner D, Röthel C, Simbrunner J, Salzmann I, Resel R. Crystallization of Tyrian Purple (6,6'-Dibromoindigo) Thin Films: The Impact of Substrate Surface Modifications. JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL GROWTH 2016; 447:73-79. [PMID: 30093733 PMCID: PMC6080690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The pigment 6,6'-dibromoindigo (Tyrian purple) shows strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the film formation is, therefore, expected to be influenced by the polar character of the substrate surface. Thin films of Tyrian purple were prepared by physical vapor deposition on a variety of substrates with different surface energies: from highly polar silicon dioxide surfaces to hydrophobic polymer surfaces. The crystallographic properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques such as X-ray reflectivity and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. In all cases, crystallites with "standing" molecules relative to the substrate surface were observed independently of the substrate surface energy. In the case of polymer surfaces, additional crystallites are formed containing "lying" molecules with their aromatic planes parallel to the substrate surface. Small differences in the crystallographic lattice constants were observed as a function of substrate surface energy, the corresponding small changes in the molecular packing are explained by a variation of the hydrogen bond geometries. This work reveals that despite the limited influence of the surface energy on the molecular orientation, the crystalline packing of Tyrian purple within thin films is altered and slightly different structures form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Truger
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew O. F. Jones
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Pachmajer
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Kriegner
- Charles University Prague, Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Ke Karlovu 5, 12116 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Röthel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Josef Simbrunner
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division of Neuroradiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 9, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department of Physics, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Truger M, Roscioni O, Röthel C, Kriegner D, Simbrunner C, Ahmed R, Głowacki ED, Simbrunner J, Salzmann I, Coclite A, Jones AOF, Resel R. Surface-Induced Phase of Tyrian Purple (6,6'-Dibromoindigo): Thin Film Formation and Stability. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2016; 16:3647-3655. [PMID: 27418882 PMCID: PMC4937453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of surface-induced phases of molecular crystals is a frequently observed phenomenon in organic electronics. However, despite their fundamental importance, the origin of such phases is not yet fully resolved. The organic molecule 6,6'-dibromoindigo (Tyrian purple) forms two polymorphs within thin films. At growth temperatures of 150 °C, the well-known bulk structure forms, while at a substrate temperature of 50 °C, a surface-induced phase is observed instead. In the present work, the crystal structure of the surface-induced polymorph is solved by a combined experimental and theoretical approach using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations. A comparison of both phases reveals that π-π stacking and hydrogen bonds are common motifs for the intermolecular packing. In-situ temperature studies reveal a phase transition from the surface-induced phase to the bulk phase at a temperature of 210 °C; the irreversibility of the transition indicates that the surface-induced phase is metastable. The crystallization behavior is investigated ex-situ starting from the sub-monolayer regime up to a nominal thickness of 9 nm using two different silicon oxide surfaces; island formation is observed together with a slight variation of the crystal structure. This work shows that surface-induced phases not only appear for compounds with weak, isotropic van der Waals bonds, but also for molecules exhibiting strong and highly directional hydrogen bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Truger
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Otello
M. Roscioni
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Röthel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Kriegner
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University
Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Simbrunner
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- National
Center for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University
Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Physical
Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Josef Simbrunner
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division
of Neuroradiology, Medical University of
Graz, Auenbruggerplatz
9, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department
of Physics, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna
Maria Coclite
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew O. F. Jones
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ashizawa M, Hasegawa T, Kawauchi S, Masunaga H, Hikima T, Sato H, Matsumoto H. Influence of structure–property relationships of two structural isomers of thiophene-flanked diazaisoindigo on carrier-transport properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17424h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two structural isomers of thiophene-flanked diazaisoindigo, 6,6′-substituted 6,6′-T-DAII and 5,5′-substituted 5,5′-T-DAII, have been synthesized to study the influence of the connecting modes on the carrier-transport properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Ashizawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring-8
- Japan
| | | | | | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Tokyo 152-8552
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Petritz A, Wolfberger A, Fian A, Griesser T, Irimia-Vladu M, Stadlober B. Cellulose-Derivative-Based Gate Dielectric for High-Performance Organic Complementary Inverters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:7645-56. [PMID: 25898801 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petritz
- Joanneum Research, MATERIALS-Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Franz-Pichler Straße 30, Weiz, A-8160, Austria
| | - Archim Wolfberger
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, University of Leoben, Otto Glöckel-Straße 2, Leoben, A-8700, Austria
| | - Alexander Fian
- Joanneum Research, MATERIALS-Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Franz-Pichler Straße 30, Weiz, A-8160, Austria
| | - Thomas Griesser
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, University of Leoben, Otto Glöckel-Straße 2, Leoben, A-8700, Austria
| | - Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Joanneum Research, MATERIALS-Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Franz-Pichler Straße 30, Weiz, A-8160, Austria
| | - Barbara Stadlober
- Joanneum Research, MATERIALS-Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Franz-Pichler Straße 30, Weiz, A-8160, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Petritz A, Fian A, Głowacki ED, Sariciftci NS, Stadlober B, Irimia‐Vladu M. Ambipolar inverters with natural origin organic materials as gate dielectric and semiconducting layer. PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI. RAPID RESEARCH LETTERS : PSS-RRL 2015; 9:358-361. [PMID: 26937256 PMCID: PMC4758611 DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201510139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thin film electronics fabricated with non-toxic and abundant materials are enabling for emerging bioelectronic technologies. Herein complementary-like inverters comprising transistors using 6,6'-dichloroindigo as the semiconductor and trimethylsilyl-cellulose (TMSC) films on anodized aluminum as bilayer dielectric layer are demonstrated. The inverters operate both in the first and third quadrant, exhibiting a maximum static gain of 22 and a noise margin of 58% at a supply voltage of 14 V. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petritz
- Joanneum ResearchMaterials Institute for Surface Technologies and PhotonicsFranz‐Pichler Straße 308160WeizAustria
| | - Alexander Fian
- Joanneum ResearchMaterials Institute for Surface Technologies and PhotonicsFranz‐Pichler Straße 308160WeizAustria
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Johannes Kepler UniversityAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Johannes Kepler UniversityAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Barbara Stadlober
- Joanneum ResearchMaterials Institute for Surface Technologies and PhotonicsFranz‐Pichler Straße 308160WeizAustria
| | - Mihai Irimia‐Vladu
- Joanneum ResearchMaterials Institute for Surface Technologies and PhotonicsFranz‐Pichler Straße 308160WeizAustria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu SW, Lee CC, Su WC, Yuan CH, Lin CF, Chen KT, Shu YS, Li YZ, Su TH, Huang BY, Chang WC, Liu YH. Downscaling the Sample Thickness to Sub-Micrometers by Employing Organic Photovoltaic Materials as a Charge-Generation Layer in the Time-of-Flight Measurement. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10384. [PMID: 25999238 PMCID: PMC4441200 DOI: 10.1038/srep10384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements typically require a sample thickness of several micrometers for determining the carrier mobility, thus rendering the applicability inefficient and unreliable because the sample thicknesses are orders of magnitude higher than those in real optoelectronic devices. Here, we use subphthalocyanine (SubPc):C70 as a charge-generation layer (CGL) in the TOF measurement and a commonly hole-transporting layer, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (NPB), as a standard material under test. When the NPB thickness is reduced from 2 to 0.3 μm and with a thin 10-nm CGL, the hole transient signal still shows non-dispersive properties under various applied fields, and thus the hole mobility is determined accordingly. Only 1-μm NPB is required for determining the electron mobility by using the proposed CGL. Both the thicknesses are the thinnest value reported to data. In addition, the flexibility of fabrication process of small molecules can deposit the proposed CGL underneath and atop the material under test. Therefore, this technique is applicable to small-molecule and polymeric materials. We also propose a new approach to design the TOF sample using an optical simulation. These results strongly demonstrate that the proposed technique is valuable tool in determining the carrier mobility and may spur additional research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Wei Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of
Technology, New Taipei City
24301, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei
10607, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Su
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei
10607, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Yuan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei
10607, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Feng Lin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of
Technology, New Taipei City
24301, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Chen
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei
10607, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Shu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of
Technology, New Taipei City
24301, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ze Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei
10607, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hao Su
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Ming Chi University of
Technology, New Taipei City
24301, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yao Huang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei
10607, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei
10607, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University
of Science and Technology, Taipei
10607, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
|
21
|
Viani L, Risko C, Toney MF, Breiby DW, Brédas JL. Substrate-induced variations of molecular packing, dynamics, and intermolecular electronic couplings in pentacene monolayers on the amorphous silica dielectric. ACS NANO 2014; 8:690-700. [PMID: 24369713 DOI: 10.1021/nn405399n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Charge-carrier transport in thin-film organic field-effect transistors takes place within the first (few) molecular layer(s) of the active organic material in contact with the gate dielectric. Here, we use atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate how interactions with bare amorphous silica surfaces that vary in terms of surface potential influence the molecular packing and dynamics of a monolayer pentacene film. The results indicate that the long axis of the pentacene molecules has a non-negligible tilt angle away from the surface normal. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction patterns for these models are calculated, and we discuss notable differences in the shapes of the Bragg rods as a function of the molecular packing, also in relation to previously published experimental reports. Intermolecular electronic couplings (transfer integrals) evaluated for the monolayers show marked differences compared to bulk crystal calculations, a result that points to the importance of fully considering the molecular packing environment in charge-carrier mobility models for organic electronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Viani
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anokhin DV, Leshanskaya LI, Piryazev AA, Susarova DK, Dremova NN, Shcheglov EV, Ivanov DA, Razumov VF, Troshin PA. Towards understanding the behavior of indigo thin films in organic field-effect transistors: a template effect of the aliphatic hydrocarbon dielectric on the crystal structure and electrical performance of the semiconductor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:7639-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
23
|
Irimia-Vladu M. “Green” electronics: biodegradable and biocompatible materials and devices for sustainable future. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:588-610. [PMID: 24121237 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60235d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Straße Nr. 30, 8160 Weiz, Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Department of Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz; Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Głowacki ED, Voss G, Sariciftci NS. 25th anniversary article: progress in chemistry and applications of functional indigos for organic electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6783-800. [PMID: 24151199 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Indigo and its derivatives are dyes and pigments with a long and distinguished history in organic chemistry. Recently, applications of this 'old' structure as a functional organic building block for organic electronics applications have renewed interest in these molecules and their remarkable chemical and physical properties. Natural-origin indigos have been processed in fully bio-compatible field effect transistors, operating with ambipolar mobilities up to 0.5 cm(2) /Vs and air-stability. The synthetic derivative isoindigo has emerged as one of the most successful building-blocks for semiconducting polymers for plastic solar cells with efficiencies > 5%. Another isomer of indigo, epindolidione, has also been shown to be one of the best reported organic transistor materials in terms of mobility (∼2 cm(2) /Vs) and stability. This progress report aims to review very recent applications of indigoids in organic electronics, but especially to logically bridge together the hereto independent research directions on indigo, isoindigo, and other materials inspired by historical dye chemistry: a field which was the root of the development of modern chemistry in the first place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Głowacki ED, Irimia-Vladu M, Bauer S, Sariciftci NS. Hydrogen-bonds in molecular solids - from biological systems to organic electronics. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3742-3753. [PMID: 32261127 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20193g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) is a relatively strong, highly directional, and specific noncovalent interaction present in many organic molecules, and notably is responsible for supramolecular ordering in biological systems. The H-bonding interactions play a role in many organic electrically conducting materials - in particular in those related to biology, e.g. melanin and indigo. This article aims to highlight recent work on application of nature-inspired H-bonded organic molecules in organic electronic devices. Three topics are covered in this brief review: (1) electrical and ionic conduction in natural H-bonded systems, (2) semiconducting properties of H-bonded organic pigments, and (3) exploitation of H-bonding for supramolecular assembly of organic conductors. H-bonding interactions are ubiquitous in biology, thus making the study of H-bonded organic semiconductors highly pertinent where interfacing of electronics with biological systems is desired.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Głowacki ED, Irimia-Vladu M, Kaltenbrunner M, Gsiorowski J, White MS, Monkowius U, Romanazzi G, Suranna GP, Mastrorilli P, Sekitani T, Bauer S, Someya T, Torsi L, Sariciftci NS. Hydrogen-bonded semiconducting pigments for air-stable field-effect transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:1563-9. [PMID: 23239229 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Extensive intramolecular π-conjugation is considered to be requisite in the design of organic semiconductors. Here, two inkjet pigments, epindolidione and quinacridone, that break this design rule are explored. These molecules afford intermolecular π-stacking reinforced by hydrogen-bonding bridges. Air-stable organic field effect transistors are reported that support mobilities up to 1.5 cm(2)/Vs with T80 lifetimes comparable with the most stable reported organic semiconducting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Daniel Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz 4040 Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meredith P, Bettinger CJ, Irimia-Vladu M, Mostert AB, Schwenn PE. Electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices inspired by nature. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2013; 76:034501. [PMID: 23411598 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/76/3/034501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic semiconductors permeate virtually every sphere of modern human existence. Micro-fabricated memory elements, processors, sensors, circuit elements, lasers, displays, detectors, etc are ubiquitous. However, the dawn of the 21st century has brought with it immense new challenges, and indeed opportunities-some of which require a paradigm shift in the way we think about resource use and disposal, which in turn directly impacts our ongoing relationship with inorganic semiconductors such as silicon and gallium arsenide. Furthermore, advances in fields such as nano-medicine and bioelectronics, and the impending revolution of the 'ubiquitous sensor network', all require new functional materials which are bio-compatible, cheap, have minimal embedded manufacturing energy plus extremely low power consumption, and are mechanically robust and flexible for integration with tissues, building structures, fabrics and all manner of hosts. In this short review article we summarize current progress in creating materials with such properties. We focus primarily on organic and bio-organic electronic and optoelectronic systems derived from or inspired by nature, and outline the complex charge transport and photo-physics which control their behaviour. We also introduce the concept of electrical devices based upon ion or proton flow ('ionics and protonics') and focus particularly on their role as a signal interface with biological systems. Finally, we highlight recent advances in creating working devices, some of which have bio-inspired architectures, and summarize the current issues, challenges and potential solutions. This is a rich new playground for the modern materials physicist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Meredith
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kojima H, Mori T. Estimated Mobility of Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors, Indigo and Diketopyrrolopyrrole. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2013.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Kojima
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Takehiko Mori
- Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Irimia-Vladu M, Głowacki ED, Sariciftci NS, Bauer S. Natural Materials for Organic Electronics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-33848-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
|
30
|
Głowacki ED, Voss G, Leonat L, Irimia-Vladu M, Bauer S, Sariciftci NS. Indigo and Tyrian Purple - From Ancient Natural Dyes to Modern Organic Semiconductors. Isr J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|