1
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Savva A, Hama A, Herrera‐López G, Schmidt T, Migliaccio L, Steiner N, Kawan M, Fiumelli H, Magistretti PJ, McCulloch I, Baran D, Gasparini N, Schindl R, Głowacki ED, Inal S. Photo-Chemical Stimulation of Neurons with Organic Semiconductors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2300473. [PMID: 37661572 PMCID: PMC10625067 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in light-responsive materials enabled the development of devices that can wirelessly activate tissue with light. Here it is shown that solution-processed organic heterojunctions can stimulate the activity of primary neurons at low intensities of light via photochemical reactions. The p-type semiconducting polymer PDCBT and the n-type semiconducting small molecule ITIC (a non-fullerene acceptor) are coated on glass supports, forming a p-n junction with high photosensitivity. Patch clamp measurements show that low-intensity white light is converted into a cue that triggers action potentials in primary cortical neurons. The study shows that neat organic semiconducting p-n bilayers can exchange photogenerated charges with oxygen and other chemical compounds in cell culture conditions. Through several controlled experimental conditions, photo-capacitive, photo-thermal, and direct hydrogen peroxide effects on neural function are excluded, with photochemical delivery being the possible mechanism. The profound advantages of low-intensity photo-chemical intervention with neuron electrophysiology pave the way for developing wireless light-based therapy based on emerging organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas Savva
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB30ASUK
| | - Adel Hama
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Gabriel Herrera‐López
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Tony Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research CenterChair of BiophysicsMedical University of GrazNeue Stiftingtalstraße 6Graz8010Austria
| | - Ludovico Migliaccio
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices LaboratoryCentral European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyPurkyňova 123Brno61200Czech Republic
| | - Nadia Steiner
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak Kawan
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Hubert Fiumelli
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- Physical Science and Engineering (PSE)KAUST Solar Center (KSC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Rainer Schindl
- Gottfried Schatz Research CenterChair of BiophysicsMedical University of GrazNeue Stiftingtalstraße 6Graz8010Austria
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices LaboratoryCentral European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of TechnologyPurkyňova 123Brno61200Czech Republic
| | - Sahika Inal
- Biological and Environmental Science and EngineeringKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955‐6900Saudi Arabia
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2
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Brodský J, Gablech I, Migliaccio L, Havlíček M, Donahue MJ, Głowacki ED. Downsizing the Channel Length of Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023. [PMID: 37216209 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising building blocks for bioelectronic devices such as sensors and neural interfaces. While the majority of OECTs use simple planar geometry, there is interest in exploring how these devices operate with much shorter channels on the submicron scale. Here, we show a practical route toward the minimization of the channel length of the transistor using traditional photolithography, enabling large-scale utilization. We describe the fabrication of such transistors using two types of conducting polymers. First, commercial solution-processed poly(dioxyethylenethiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS. Next, we also exploit the short channel length to support easy in situ electropolymerization of poly(dioxyethylenethiophene):tetrabutyl ammonium hexafluorophosphate, PEDOT:PF6. Both variants show different promising features, leading the way in terms of transconductance (gm), with the measured peak gm up to 68 mS for relatively thin (280 nm) channel layers on devices with the channel length of 350 nm and with widths of 50, 100, and 200 μm. This result suggests that the use of electropolymerized semiconductors, which can be easily customized, is viable with vertical geometry, as uniform and thin layers can be created. Spin-coated PEDOT:PSS lags behind with the lower values of gm; however, it excels in terms of the speed of the device and also has a comparably lower off current (300 nA), leading to unusually high on/off ratio, with values up to 8.6 × 104. Our approach to vertical gap devices is simple, scalable, and can be extended to other applications where small electrochemical channels are desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Brodský
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Scientific Instruments of the CAS, Královopolská 147, 61264 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Imrich Gablech
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludovico Migliaccio
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Havlíček
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
- Czech Metrology Institute, 638 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mary J Donahue
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eric D Głowacki
- Bioelectronics Materials and Devices Lab, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Abstract
![]()
The nervous system
poses a grand challenge for integration with
modern electronics and the subsequent advances in neurobiology, neuroprosthetics,
and therapy which would become possible upon such integration. Due
to its extreme complexity, multifaceted signaling pathways, and ∼1
kHz operating frequency, modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) based electronics appear to be the only technology platform
at hand for such integration. However, conventional CMOS-based electronics
rely exclusively on electronic signaling and therefore require an
additional technology platform to translate electronic signals into
the language of neurobiology. Organic electronics are just such a
technology platform, capable of converting electronic addressing into
a variety of signals matching the endogenous signaling of the nervous
system while simultaneously possessing favorable material similarities
with nervous tissue. In this review, we introduce a variety of organic
material platforms and signaling modalities specifically designed
for this role as “translator”, focusing especially on
recent implementation in in vivo neuromodulation.
We hope that this review serves both as an informational resource
and as an encouragement and challenge to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eric D Głowacki
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.,Bioelectronics Materials and Devices, Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel T Simon
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
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4
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Apaydin DH, Gora M, Portenkirchner E, Oppelt KT, Neugebauer H, Jakesova M, Głowacki ED, Kunze-Liebhäuser J, Zagorska M, Mieczkowski J, Sariciftci NS. Electrochemical Capture and Release of CO 2 in Aqueous Electrolytes Using an Organic Semiconductor Electrode. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:12919-12923. [PMID: 28378994 PMCID: PMC5399472 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing efficient methods for capture and controlled release of carbon dioxide is crucial to any carbon capture and utilization technology. Herein we present an approach using an organic semiconductor electrode to electrochemically capture dissolved CO2 in aqueous electrolytes. The process relies on electrochemical reduction of a thin film of a naphthalene bisimide derivative, 2,7-bis(4-(2-(2-ethylhexyl)thiazol-4-yl)phenyl)benzo[lmn][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6,8(2H,7H)-tetraone (NBIT). This molecule is specifically tailored to afford one-electron reversible and one-electron quasi-reversible reduction in aqueous conditions while not dissolving or degrading. The reduced NBIT reacts with CO2 to form a stable semicarbonate salt, which can be subsequently oxidized electrochemically to release CO2. The semicarbonate structure is confirmed by in situ IR spectroelectrochemistry. This process of capturing and releasing carbon dioxide can be realized in an oxygen-free environment under ambient pressure and temperature, with uptake efficiency for CO2 capture of ∼2.3 mmol g-1. This is on par with the best solution-phase amine chemical capture technologies available today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogukan H. Apaydin
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells/Physical Chemistry and Institute of
Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
- E-mail: . Tel: +43 732
2468 5861
| | - Monika Gora
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Kerstin T. Oppelt
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells/Physical Chemistry and Institute of
Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Helmut Neugebauer
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells/Physical Chemistry and Institute of
Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Marie Jakesova
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells/Physical Chemistry and Institute of
Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköpings Universitet, Campus Norrköping, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Malgorzata Zagorska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw
University of Technology, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells/Physical Chemistry and Institute of
Inorganic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University
Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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5
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Miglbauer E, Demitri N, Himmelsbach M, Monkowius U, Sariciftci NS, Głowacki ED, Oppelt KT. Synthesis and Investigation ofN,N’-benzylated Epindolidione Derivatives as Organic Semiconductors. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Miglbauer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste; S. S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza Trieste Italy
| | - Markus Himmelsbach
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry (IAC); Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Niyazi S. Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics; Department of Science and Technology, Campus Norrköping, Linköpings Universitet; Bredgatan 33 SE-601 74 Norrköping Sweden
| | - Kerstin T. Oppelt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Johannes Kepler University Linz; Altenberger Strasse 69 4040 Linz Austria
- Institut für Chemie; Universität Zürich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
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6
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Truger M, Roscioni O, Röthel C, Kriegner D, Simbrunner C, Ahmed R, Głowacki ED, Simbrunner J, Salzmann I, Coclite A, Jones AOF, Resel R. Surface-Induced Phase of Tyrian Purple (6,6'-Dibromoindigo): Thin Film Formation and Stability. Cryst Growth Des 2016; 16:3647-3655. [PMID: 27418882 PMCID: PMC4937453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of surface-induced phases of molecular crystals is a frequently observed phenomenon in organic electronics. However, despite their fundamental importance, the origin of such phases is not yet fully resolved. The organic molecule 6,6'-dibromoindigo (Tyrian purple) forms two polymorphs within thin films. At growth temperatures of 150 °C, the well-known bulk structure forms, while at a substrate temperature of 50 °C, a surface-induced phase is observed instead. In the present work, the crystal structure of the surface-induced polymorph is solved by a combined experimental and theoretical approach using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and molecular dynamics simulations. A comparison of both phases reveals that π-π stacking and hydrogen bonds are common motifs for the intermolecular packing. In-situ temperature studies reveal a phase transition from the surface-induced phase to the bulk phase at a temperature of 210 °C; the irreversibility of the transition indicates that the surface-induced phase is metastable. The crystallization behavior is investigated ex-situ starting from the sub-monolayer regime up to a nominal thickness of 9 nm using two different silicon oxide surfaces; island formation is observed together with a slight variation of the crystal structure. This work shows that surface-induced phases not only appear for compounds with weak, isotropic van der Waals bonds, but also for molecules exhibiting strong and highly directional hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Truger
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Otello
M. Roscioni
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Università di Bologna, viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Röthel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Kriegner
- Department
of Condensed Matter Physics, Charles University
Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 12116 2, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Simbrunner
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Rizwan Ahmed
- Institute
of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
- National
Center for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University
Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Physical
Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Josef Simbrunner
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Division
of Neuroradiology, Medical University of
Graz, Auenbruggerplatz
9, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ingo Salzmann
- Department
of Physics, Humboldt Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor
Straße 6, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna
Maria Coclite
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew O. F. Jones
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz
University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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7
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Petritz A, Fian A, Głowacki ED, Sariciftci NS, Stadlober B, Irimia‐Vladu M. Ambipolar inverters with natural origin organic materials as gate dielectric and semiconducting layer. Phys Status Solidi Rapid Res Lett 2015; 9:358-361. [PMID: 26937256 PMCID: PMC4758611 DOI: 10.1002/pssr.201510139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Thin film electronics fabricated with non-toxic and abundant materials are enabling for emerging bioelectronic technologies. Herein complementary-like inverters comprising transistors using 6,6'-dichloroindigo as the semiconductor and trimethylsilyl-cellulose (TMSC) films on anodized aluminum as bilayer dielectric layer are demonstrated. The inverters operate both in the first and third quadrant, exhibiting a maximum static gain of 22 and a noise margin of 58% at a supply voltage of 14 V. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Petritz
- Joanneum ResearchMaterials Institute for Surface Technologies and PhotonicsFranz‐Pichler Straße 308160WeizAustria
| | - Alexander Fian
- Joanneum ResearchMaterials Institute for Surface Technologies and PhotonicsFranz‐Pichler Straße 308160WeizAustria
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Johannes Kepler UniversityAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Johannes Kepler UniversityAltenbergerstraße 694040LinzAustria
| | - Barbara Stadlober
- Joanneum ResearchMaterials Institute for Surface Technologies and PhotonicsFranz‐Pichler Straße 308160WeizAustria
| | - Mihai Irimia‐Vladu
- Joanneum ResearchMaterials Institute for Surface Technologies and PhotonicsFranz‐Pichler Straße 308160WeizAustria
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8
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Bednorz M, Matt GJ, Głowacki ED, Fromherz T, Brabec CJ, Scharber MC, Sitter H, Sariciftci NS. Silicon/organic hybrid heterojunction infrared photodetector operating in the telecom regime. Org Electron 2013; 14:1344-1350. [PMID: 25132811 PMCID: PMC4130135 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The authors report on the fabrication of a silicon/organic heterojunction based IR photodetector. It is demonstrated that an Al/p-Si/perylene-derivative/Al heterostructure exhibits a photovoltaic effect up to 2.7 μm (0.46 eV), a value significantly lower than the bandgap of either material. Although the devices are not optimized, at room temperature a rise time of 300 ns, a responsivity of ≈0.2 mA/W with a specific detectivity of D∗ ≈ 7 × 107 Jones at 1.55 μm is found. The achieved responsivity is two orders of magnitude higher compared to our previous efforts [1,2]. It will be outlined that the photocurrent originates from an absorption mechanism involving excitation of an electron from the Si valence band into the extended LUMO state in the perylene-derivative, with possible participation of intermediate localized surface state in the organic material. The non-invasive deposition of the organic interlayer onto the Si results in compatibility with the CMOS process, making the presented approach a potential alternative to all inorganic device concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bednorz
- Institute for Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Gebhard J. Matt
- Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffe der Elektronik- und Energietechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas Fromherz
- Institute for Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffe der Elektronik- und Energietechnik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Helmut Sitter
- Institute for Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - N. Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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9
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10
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Kanbur Y, Irimia-Vladu M, Głowacki ED, Voss G, Baumgartner M, Schwabegger G, Leonat L, Ullah M, Sarica H, Erten-Ela S, Schwödiauer R, Sitter H, Küçükyavuz Z, Bauer S, Sariciftci NS. Vacuum-processed polyethylene as a dielectric for low operating voltage organic field effect transistors. Org Electron 2012; 13:919-924. [PMID: 23483783 PMCID: PMC3587348 DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and performance of vacuum-processed organic field effect transistors utilizing evaporated low-density polyethylene (LD-PE) as a dielectric layer. With C60 as the organic semiconductor, we demonstrate low operating voltage transistors with field effect mobilities in excess of 4 cm2/Vs. Devices with pentacene showed a mobility of 0.16 cm2/Vs. Devices using tyrian Purple as semiconductor show low-voltage ambipolar operation with equal electron and hole mobilities of ∼0.3 cm2/Vs. These devices demonstrate low hysteresis and operational stability over at least several months. Grazing-angle infrared spectroscopy of evaporated thin films shows that the structure of the polyethylene is similar to solution-cast films. We report also on the morphological and dielectric properties of these films. Our experiments demonstrate that polyethylene is a stable dielectric supporting both hole and electron channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Kanbur
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Department of Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Soft Matter Physics & Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria. Tel.: + 43 732 2468 8767; fax: + 43 732 2468 9273.
| | - Eric D. Głowacki
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Gundula Voss
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Melanie Baumgartner
- Department of Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Günther Schwabegger
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Lucia Leonat
- Politehnica University of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mujeeb Ullah
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Hizir Sarica
- Ege University, Solar Energy Institute, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sule Erten-Ela
- Ege University, Solar Energy Institute, Bornova-Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Helmut Sitter
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Zuhal Küçükyavuz
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Middle East Technical University, Balgat, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Siegfried Bauer
- Department of Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
| | - Niyazi Serdar Sariciftci
- Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells (LIOS), Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
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11
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Kaltenbrunner M, White MS, Głowacki ED, Sekitani T, Someya T, Sariciftci NS, Bauer S. Ultrathin and lightweight organic solar cells with high flexibility. Nat Commun 2012; 3:770. [PMID: 22473014 PMCID: PMC3337988 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 590] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Application-specific requirements for future lighting, displays and photovoltaics will include large-area, low-weight and mechanical resilience for dual-purpose uses such as electronic skin, textiles and surface conforming foils. Here we demonstrate polymer-based photovoltaic devices on plastic foil substrates less than 2 μm thick, with equal power conversion efficiency to their glass-based counterparts. They can reversibly withstand extreme mechanical deformation and have unprecedented solar cell-specific weight. Instead of a single bend, we form a random network of folds within the device area. The processing methods are standard, so the same weight and flexibility should be achievable in light emitting diodes, capacitors and transistors to fully realize ultrathin organic electronics. These ultrathin organic solar cells are over ten times thinner, lighter and more flexible than any other solar cell of any technology to date. Organic solar cells are promising for technological applications, as they are lightweight and mechanically robust. This study presents flexible organic solar cells that are less than 2 μm thick, have very low specific weight and maintain their photovoltaic performance under repeated mechanical deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Department of Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
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Irimia-Vladu M, Głowacki ED, Troshin PA, Schwabegger G, Leonat L, Susarova DK, Krystal O, Ullah M, Kanbur Y, Bodea MA, Razumov VF, Sitter H, Bauer S, Sariciftci NS. Indigo--a natural pigment for high performance ambipolar organic field effect transistors and circuits. Adv Mater 2012; 24:375-80. [PMID: 22109816 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Millenniums-old natural dye indigo--a "new" ambipolar organic semiconductor. Indigo shows balanced electron and hole mobilities of 1 × 10(-2) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and good stability against degradation in air. Inverters with gains of 105 in the first and 110 in the third quadrant are demonstrated. Fabricated entirely from natural and biodegradable compounds, these devices show the large potential of such materials for green organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Irimia-Vladu
- Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria; Linz Institute for Organic Solar Cells, Physical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria.
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