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Tajaldeen A, Alrashidi M, Alsaadi MJ, Alghamdi SS, Alshammari H, Alsleem H, Jafer M, Aljondi R, Alqahtani S, Alotaibi A, Alzandi AM, Alahmari AM. Photoacoustic imaging in prostate cancer: A new paradigm for diagnosis and management. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 47:104225. [PMID: 38821240 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The global health issue of prostate cancer (PCa) requires better diagnosis and treatment. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) may change PCa management. This review examines PAI's principles, diagnostic role, and therapeutic guidance. PAI uses optical light excitation and ultrasonic detection for high-resolution functional and molecular imaging. PAI uses endogenous and exogenous contrast agents to distinguish cancerous and benign prostate tissues with greater sensitivity and specificity than PSA testing and TRUS-guided biopsy. In addition to diagnosing, PAI can guide and monitor PCa therapy. Its real-time imaging allows precise biopsies and brachytherapy seed placement. Photoacoustic temperature imaging allows non-invasive monitoring of thermal therapies like cryotherapy, improving treatment precision and success. Transurethral illumination probes, innovative contrast agents, integration with other imaging modalities, and machine learning analysis are being developed to overcome depth and data complexity restrictions. PAI could become an essential tool for PCa diagnosis and therapeutic guidance as the field advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Tajaldeen
- Department of Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muteb Alrashidi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed J Alsaadi
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Saeed Alghamdi
- Department of Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Alshammari
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haney Alsleem
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Jafer
- Department of Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rowa Aljondi
- Department of Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif Alotaibi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alzandi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia
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Xu Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Zhang P. Recent Progress in Peptide-Based Molecular Probes for Disease Bioimaging. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2222-2242. [PMID: 38437161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Recent strides in molecular pathology have unveiled distinctive alterations at the molecular level throughout the onset and progression of diseases. Enhancing the in vivo visualization of these biomarkers is crucial for advancing disease classification, staging, and treatment strategies. Peptide-based molecular probes (PMPs) have emerged as versatile tools due to their exceptional ability to discern these molecular changes with unparalleled specificity and precision. In this Perspective, we first summarize the methodologies for crafting innovative functional peptides, emphasizing recent advancements in both peptide library technologies and computer-assisted peptide design approaches. Furthermore, we offer an overview of the latest advances in PMPs within the realm of biological imaging, showcasing their varied applications in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. We also briefly address current challenges and potential future directions in this dynamic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Junfan Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Advanced Medical Materials and Devices, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Yu Y, Feng T, Qiu H, Gu Y, Chen Q, Zuo C, Ma H. Simultaneous photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging: A review. ULTRASONICS 2024; 139:107277. [PMID: 38460216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is an emerging biomedical imaging technique that combines the advantages of optical and ultrasound imaging, enabling the generation of images with both optical resolution and acoustic penetration depth. By leveraging similar signal acquisition and processing methods, the integration of photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging has introduced a novel hybrid imaging modality suitable for clinical applications. Photoacoustic-ultrasound imaging allows for non-invasive, high-resolution, and deep-penetrating imaging, providing a wealth of image information. In recent years, with the deepening research and the expanding biomedical application scenarios of photoacoustic-ultrasound bimodal systems, the immense potential of photoacoustic-ultrasound bimodal imaging in basic research and clinical applications has been demonstrated, with some research achievements already commercialized. In this review, we introduce the principles, technical advantages, and biomedical applications of photoacoustic-ultrasound bimodal imaging techniques, specifically focusing on tomographic, microscopic, and endoscopic imaging modalities. Furthermore, we discuss the future directions of photoacoustic-ultrasound bimodal imaging technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshi Yu
- Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory (SCILab), School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China; Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute (SCIRI) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210019, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433,China.
| | - Haixia Qiu
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gu
- First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory (SCILab), School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China; Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute (SCIRI) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210019, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China
| | - Chao Zuo
- Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory (SCILab), School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China; Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute (SCIRI) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210019, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China.
| | - Haigang Ma
- Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory (SCILab), School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China; Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute (SCIRI) of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210019, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging & Intelligent Sense, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210094, China.
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Li J, Warren-Smith SC, McLaughlin RA, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H. Single-fiber probes for combined sensing and imaging in biological tissue: recent developments and prospects. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2392-2405. [PMID: 38633092 PMCID: PMC11019705 DOI: 10.1364/boe.517920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Single-fiber-based sensing and imaging probes enable the co-located and simultaneous observation and measurement (i.e., 'sense' and 'see') of intricate biological processes within deep anatomical structures. This innovation opens new opportunities for investigating complex physiological phenomena and potentially allows more accurate diagnosis and monitoring of disease. This prospective review starts with presenting recent studies of single-fiber-based probes for concurrent and co-located fluorescence-based sensing and imaging. Notwithstanding the successful initial demonstration of integrated sensing and imaging within single-fiber-based miniaturized devices, the realization of these devices with enhanced sensing sensitivity and imaging resolution poses notable challenges. These challenges, in turn, present opportunities for future research, including the design and fabrication of complex lens systems and fiber architectures, the integration of novel materials and other sensing and imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Li
- School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Stephen C. Warren-Smith
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, The University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
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Mo C, Zhang W, Zhu K, Du Y, Huang W, Wu Y, Song J. Advances in Injectable Hydrogels Based on Diverse Gelation Methods for Biomedical Imaging. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400076. [PMID: 38470225 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The injectable hydrogels can deliver the loads directly to the predetermined sites and form reservoirs to increase the enrichment and retention of the loads in the target areas. The preparation and injection of injectable hydrogels involve the sol-gel transformation of hydrogels, which is affected by factors such as temperature, ions, enzymes, light, mechanics (self-healing property), and pH. However, tracing the injection, degradation, and drug release from hydrogels based on different ways of gelation is a major concern. To solve this problem, contrast agents are introduced into injectable hydrogels, enabling the hydrogels to be imaged under techniques such as fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and radionuclide imaging. This review details methods for causing the gelation of imageable hydrogels; discusses the application of injectable hydrogels containing contrast agents in various imaging techniques, and finally explores the potential and challenges of imageable hydrogels based on different modes of gelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10010, China
| | - Weiyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10010, China
| | - Kang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10010, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10010, China
| | - Jibin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 10010, China
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Gao S, Xu B, Sun J, Zhang Z. Nanotechnological advances in cancer: therapy a comprehensive review of carbon nanotube applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1351787. [PMID: 38562672 PMCID: PMC10984352 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1351787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is revolutionising different areas from manufacturing to therapeutics in the health field. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a promising drug candidate in nanomedicine, have attracted attention due to their excellent and unique mechanical, electronic, and physicochemical properties. This emerging nanomaterial has attracted a wide range of scientific interest in the last decade. Carbon nanotubes have many potential applications in cancer therapy, such as imaging, drug delivery, and combination therapy. Carbon nanotubes can be used as carriers for drug delivery systems by carrying anticancer drugs and enabling targeted release to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects on healthy tissues. In addition, carbon nanotubes can be combined with other therapeutic approaches, such as photothermal and photodynamic therapies, to work synergistically to destroy cancer cells. Carbon nanotubes have great potential as promising nanomaterials in the field of nanomedicine, offering new opportunities and properties for future cancer treatments. In this paper, the main focus is on the application of carbon nanotubes in cancer diagnostics, targeted therapies, and toxicity evaluation of carbon nanotubes at the biological level to ensure the safety and real-life and clinical applications of carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Gao
- Jilin University of College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Binhan Xu
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Chang Chun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Jilin University of College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Wang B, Zhong H, Zhang J, Jiang J, Xiao J. Thin flexible photoacoustic endoscopic probe with a distal-driven micro-step motor for pump-probe-based high-specific molecular imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:8308-8320. [PMID: 38439489 DOI: 10.1364/oe.514282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Conventional photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) is mostly for structural imaging, and its molecular imaging ability is quite limited. In this work, we address this issue and present the development of a flexible acoustic-resolution-based photoacoustic endoscopic (AR-PAE) probe with an outer diameter of 8 mm. This probe is driven by a micro-step motor at the distal end, enabling flexible and precise angular step control to synchronize with the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) lasers. This probe retains the high spatial resolution, high penetration depth, and spectroscopic imaging ability of conventional AR-PAE. Moreover, it is capable for background-free high-specific photoacoustic molecular imaging with a novel pump-probe detection technique, as demonstrated by the distribution visualizing of the FDA approved contrast agent methylene blue (MB) in an ex-vivo pig ileum. This proposed method represents an important technical advancement in multimodal PAE, and can potentially make considerable contributions across various biomedical fields.
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Zhu L, Cao H, Ma J, Wang L. Optical ultrasound sensors for photoacoustic imaging: a review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11523. [PMID: 38303991 PMCID: PMC10831871 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Significance Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging biomedical imaging modality that can map optical absorption contrast in biological tissues by detecting ultrasound signal. Piezoelectric transducers are commonly used in PA imaging to detect the ultrasound signals. However, piezoelectric transducers suffer from low sensitivity when the dimensions are reduced and are easily influenced by electromagnetic interference. To avoid these limitations, various optical ultrasound sensors have been developed and shown their great potential in PA imaging. Aim Our study aims to summarize recent progress in optical ultrasound sensor technologies and their applications in PA imaging. Approach The commonly used optical ultrasound sensing techniques and their applications in PA systems are reviewed. The technical advances of different optical ultrasound sensors are summarized. Results Optical ultrasound sensors can provide wide bandwidth and improved sensitivity with miniatured size, which enables their applications in PA imaging. Conclusions The optical ultrasound sensors are promising transducers in PA imaging to provide higher-resolution images and can be used in new applications with their unique advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Zhu
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongming Cao
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Department of Burns, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lidai Wang
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Fakhoury JW, Lara JB, Manwar R, Zafar M, Xu Q, Engel R, Tsoukas MM, Daveluy S, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Photoacoustic imaging for cutaneous melanoma assessment: a comprehensive review. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:S11518. [PMID: 38223680 PMCID: PMC10785699 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.s1.s11518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Significance Cutaneous melanoma (CM) has a high morbidity and mortality rate, but it can be cured if the primary lesion is detected and treated at an early stage. Imaging techniques such as photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) have been studied and implemented to aid in the detection and diagnosis of CM. Aim Provide an overview of different PAI systems and applications for the study of CM, including the determination of tumor depth/thickness, cancer-related angiogenesis, metastases to lymph nodes, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), virtual histology, and studies using exogenous contrast agents. Approach A systematic review and classification of different PAI configurations was conducted based on their specific applications for melanoma detection. This review encompasses animal and preclinical studies, offering insights into the future potential of PAI in melanoma diagnosis in the clinic. Results PAI holds great clinical potential as a noninvasive technique for melanoma detection and disease management. PA microscopy has predominantly been used to image and study angiogenesis surrounding tumors and provide information on tumor characteristics. Additionally, PA tomography, with its increased penetration depth, has demonstrated its ability to assess melanoma thickness. Both modalities have shown promise in detecting metastases to lymph nodes and CTCs, and an all-optical implementation has been developed to perform virtual histology analyses. Animal and human studies have successfully shown the capability of PAI to detect, visualize, classify, and stage CM. Conclusions PAI is a promising technique for assessing the status of the skin without a surgical procedure. The capability of the modality to image microvasculature, visualize tumor boundaries, detect metastases in lymph nodes, perform fast and label-free histology, and identify CTCs could aid in the early diagnosis and classification of CM, including determination of metastatic status. In addition, it could be useful for monitoring treatment efficacy noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Fakhoury
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Juliana Benavides Lara
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Mohsin Zafar
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Wayne State University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Ricardo Engel
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Maria M. Tsoukas
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Steven Daveluy
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Li H, Zhu Y, Luo N, Tian C. In vivo monitoring of hemodynamic changes in ischemic stroke using photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300235. [PMID: 37556758 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying the brain is blocked, leading to decreased blood flow. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. However, existing clinical imaging methods have limitations, such as safety issues and low time resolution. To address these challenges, we propose using photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with a contrast agent, known for its high resolution and contrast capabilities. Our study involved imaging brain vasculature in three groups: normal, unilateral common carotid artery ligation (UCAL), and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). On the ischemic stroke side, we observed reduced blood vessel density and hemodynamic changes were evident after injecting indocyanine green for PAT. The photoacoustic intensity was notably lower in the ligated sides of the UCAL and MCAO groups, with statistically significant differences between the three groups. This work highlights PAT's potential as a powerful tool for early diagnosis and guidance in ischemic stroke cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heren Li
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yunhao Zhu
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
| | - Nianwu Luo
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Howe GA, Tang MX, Rowlands CJ. Tailored photoacoustic apertures with superimposed optical holograms. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:6361-6380. [PMID: 38420325 PMCID: PMC10898579 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A new method of generating potentially arbitrary photoacoustic wavefronts with optical holograms is presented. This method uses nanosecond laser pulses at 1064 nm that are split into four time-delayed components by means of a configurable multipass optical delay apparatus, which serves to map the pulses onto phase-delayed regions of a given acoustic wavefront. A single spatial light modulator generates separate holograms for each component, which are imaged onto a photoacoustic transducer comprised of a thermoelastic polymer. As a proof of concept of the broader arbitrary wavefront construction technique, the spatially- and temporally-modulated holograms in this study produce a phased array effect that enables beam steering of the resulting acoustic pulse. For a first experimental demonstration of the method, as verified by simulation, the acoustic beam is steered in four directions by around 5 degrees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A Howe
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BX, UK
| | - Christopher J Rowlands
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BX, UK
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Fernandes GS, Uliana JH, Bachmann L, Carneiro AA, Lediju Bell MA, Pavan TZ. Mitigating skin tone bias in linear array in vivo photoacoustic imaging with short-lag spatial coherence beamforming. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 33:100555. [PMID: 38021286 PMCID: PMC10658615 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has the potential to deliver non-invasive diagnostic information. However, skin tone differences bias PA target visualization, as the elevated optical absorption of melanated skin decreases optical fluence within the imaging plane and increases the presence of acoustic clutter. This paper demonstrates that short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) beamforming mitigates this bias. PA data from the forearm of 18 volunteers were acquired with 750-, 810-, and 870-nm wavelengths. Skin tones ranging from light to dark were objectively quantified using the individual typology angle (ITA° ). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the radial artery (RA) and surrounding clutter were measured. Clutter was minimal (e.g., -16 dB relative to the RA) with lighter skin tones and increased to -8 dB with darker tones, which compromised RA visualization in conventional PA images. SLSC beamforming achieved a median SNR improvement of 3.8 dB, resulting in better RA visualization for all skin tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S.P. Fernandes
- Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - João H. Uliana
- Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Theo Z. Pavan
- Department of Physics, FFCLRP, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Gan H, Huang X, Luo X, Li J, Mo B, Cheng L, Shu Q, Du Z, Tang H, Sun W, Wang L, Luo S, Yu S. A Mitochondria-Targeted Ferroptosis Inducer Activated by Glutathione-Responsive Imaging and Depletion for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Theranostics. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300220. [PMID: 37204240 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by glutathione (GSH) depletion, selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) inactivation, and lipid peroxides accumulation. Mitochondria, as the main source of intracellular energy supply and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, play a central role in oxidative phosphorylation and redox homeostasis. Therefore, targeting cancer-cell mitochondria and attacking redox homeostasis is expected to induce robust ferroptosis-mediated anticancer effects. In this work, a theranostic ferroptosis inducer (IR780-SPhF), which can simultaneously achieve the imaging and therapy of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by targeting mitochondria is presented. It is developed from a mitochondria-targeting small molecule (IR780) with cancer-preferential accumulation, enabling it to react with GSH by nucleophilic substitution, resulting in mitochondrial GSH depletion and redox imbalance. More interestingly, IR780-SPhF exhibits GSH-responsive near-infrared fluorescence emission and photoacoustic imaging characteristics, further facilitating diagnosis and treatment with real-time monitoring of TNBC with a highly elevated GSH level. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that IR780-SPhF exhibits potent anticancer effect, which is significantly stronger than cyclophosphamide, a classic drug commonly recommended for TNBC patients in clinic. Hence, the reported mitochondria-targeted ferroptosis inducer may represent a promising candidate and a prospective strategy for efficient cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Gan
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xie Huang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jinlin Li
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Banghui Mo
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lizhi Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qiuxia Shu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zaizhi Du
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cytomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Cytomics, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shenglin Luo
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Songtao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
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14
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García-Garrigós JJ, Cebrecos A, Navarro-Calvo JA, Camarena F. A fiber-coupled laser diode design for reflection mode optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy. ULTRASONICS 2023; 132:107008. [PMID: 37099938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed Laser Diodes (PLD) are compact and high pulse repetition rate laser sources that show a great potential for low-cost Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopes (OR-PAM). Nevertheless, their non-uniform multimode laser beams are of low quality so that high lateral resolutions with tightly focused beams are difficult to realize at long focusing distances, as required for reflection mode OR-PAM devices of clinical application. A new strategy based on homogenizing and shaping the laser diode beam with a square-core multimode optical fiber allowed to attain competitive lateral resolutions while keeping one centimeter working distance. The theoretical expressions for the laser spot size, determining optical lateral resolution, and the depth of focus are also written for general multimode beams. An OR-PAM system was built in confocal reflection mode with a linear phased-array as the ultrasound receiver in order to test its performance, first, on a resolution test target and, afterwards, on ex vivo rabbit ears to show the system potential for subcutaneous imaging of blood vessels and hair follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J García-Garrigós
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (i3M), CSIC - Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Cebrecos
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (i3M), CSIC - Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Javier A Navarro-Calvo
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (i3M), CSIC - Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Francisco Camarena
- Instituto de Instrumentación para Imagen Molecular (i3M), CSIC - Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera S/N, 46022, València, Spain
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15
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Bouchet D, Caravaca-Aguirre AM, Godefroy G, Moreau P, Wang I, Bossy E. Speckle-correlation imaging through a kaleidoscopic multimode fiber. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221407120. [PMID: 37343065 PMCID: PMC10293815 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221407120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Speckle-correlation imaging techniques are widely used for noninvasive imaging through complex scattering media. While light propagation through multimode fibers and scattering media share many analogies, reconstructing images through multimode fibers from speckle correlations remains an unsolved challenge. Here, we exploit a kaleidoscopic memory effect emerging in square-core multimode fibers and demonstrate fluorescence imaging with no prior knowledge on the fiber. Experimentally, our approach simply requires to translate random speckle patterns at the input of a square-core fiber and to measure the resulting fluorescence intensity with a bucket detector. The image of the fluorescent object is then reconstructed from the autocorrelation of the measured signal by solving an inverse problem. This strategy does not require the knowledge of the fragile deterministic relation between input and output fields, which makes it promising for the development of flexible minimally invasive endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Bouchet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000Grenoble, France
| | | | - Guillaume Godefroy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Leti, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Irène Wang
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Bossy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000Grenoble, France
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16
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Yuan Y, Zhang G, Chen Y, Ni H, Li M, Sturek M, Cheng JX. A high-sensitivity high-resolution intravascular photoacoustic catheter through mode cleaning in a graded-index fiber. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100451. [PMID: 36654962 PMCID: PMC9841289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular photoacoustic imaging has been developed to evaluate the possibility of plaque rupture in atherosclerosis by high spatial resolution imaging of lipid. However, the detection sensitivity and spatial resolution are compromised by the poor focusing caused by a multimode fiber. In this work, we report an intravascular photoacoustic catheter with mode self-cleaning in a graded-index fiber to improve the beam quality and the sensitivity for lipid detection. Compared with the higher-order modes in a step-index multimode fiber, the lower-order modes generated by the self-cleaning effect in the graded-index fiber greatly enhanced the photoacoustic spatial resolution and detection sensitivity. The dominant ringing artifact caused by laser absorption of the ultrasound transducer was further reduced by using stripe suppression. A lipid plaque mimicking phantom was imaged for evaluation. Lipid particles with a small diameter of 75.7 µm were clearly observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Guangju Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongli Ni
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michael Sturek
- CorVus Biomedical, LLC and CorVus Foundation, Inc, Crawfordsville, IN 47933, USA
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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17
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Li B, Zhang R, Bi R, Olivo M. Applications of Optical Fiber in Label-Free Biosensors and Bioimaging: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:64. [PMID: 36671899 PMCID: PMC9855469 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biosensing and bioimaging are essential in understanding biological and pathological processes in a living system, for example, in detecting and understanding certain diseases. Optical fiber has made remarkable contributions to the biosensing and bioimaging areas due to its unique advantages of compact size, immunity to electromagnetic interference, biocompatibility, fast response, etc. This review paper will present an overview of seven common types of optical fiber biosensors and optical fiber-based ultrasound detection in photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and the applications of these technologies in biosensing and bioimaging areas. Of course, there are many types of optical fiber biosensors. Still, this paper will review the most common ones: optical fiber grating, surface plasmon resonance, Sagnac interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, Michelson interferometer, Fabry-Perot Interferometer, lossy mode resonance, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Furthermore, different optical fiber techniques for detecting ultrasound in PAI are summarized. Finally, the main challenges and future development direction are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Renzhe Bi
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.O.); Tel.: +65-6824-7003 (M.O.)
| | - Malini Olivo
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (M.O.); Tel.: +65-6824-7003 (M.O.)
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18
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Barbosa RCS, Mendes PM. A Comprehensive Review on Photoacoustic-Based Devices for Biomedical Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9541. [PMID: 36502258 PMCID: PMC9736954 DOI: 10.3390/s22239541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photoacoustic effect is an emerging technology that has sparked significant interest in the research field since an acoustic wave can be produced simply by the incidence of light on a material or tissue. This phenomenon has been extensively investigated, not only to perform photoacoustic imaging but also to develop highly miniaturized ultrasound probes that can provide biologically meaningful information. Therefore, this review aims to outline the materials and their fabrication process that can be employed as photoacoustic targets, both biological and non-biological, and report the main components' features to achieve a certain performance. When designing a device, it is of utmost importance to model it at an early stage for a deeper understanding and to ease the optimization process. As such, throughout this article, the different methods already implemented to model the photoacoustic effect are introduced, as well as the advantages and drawbacks inherent in each approach. However, some remaining challenges are still faced when developing such a system regarding its fabrication, modeling, and characterization, which are also discussed.
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19
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Huang G, Lv J, He Y, Yang J, Zeng L, Nie L. In vivo quantitative photoacoustic evaluation of the liver and kidney pathology in tyrosinemia. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 28:100410. [PMID: 36204180 PMCID: PMC9531282 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2022.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary tyrosinemia type Ⅰ (HT1) is a severe autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disease, which can result in severe damage of liver and kidney. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) uses pulsed laser light to induce ultrasonic signals to facilitate the visualization of lesions that are strongly related to disease progression. In this study, the structural and functional changes of liver and kidney in HT1 was investigated by cross-scale PAI. The results showed that the hepatic lobule and renal tubule were severely damaged during HT1 progression. The hemoglobin content, vessel density, and liver function reserve were decreased. The metabolic half-life of indocyanine green declined from 59.8 s in health to 262.6 s in the advanced stage. Blood oxygen saturation was much lower than that in health. This study highlights the potential of PAI for in vivo evaluation of the liver and kidney lesions in HT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojia Huang
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510000 Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovsacular Institute, 510000 Guangzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510000 Guangzhou, China
| | - Lvming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, 510000 Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Liming Nie
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510000 Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Image Analysis and Application, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510000 Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding author at: Research Center of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510000 Guangzhou, China.
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20
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Guezzi N, Lee C, Le TD, Seong H, Choi KH, Min JJ, Yu J. Multistage adaptive noise reduction technique for optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200164. [PMID: 36053943 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy has received great attention due to the benefits of the optical resolution contrast as well as its superior spatial resolution and relatively deep depth. Like other imaging modalities, photoacoustic images suffer from noise, and filtering techniques are required to remove them. To overcome the noise, we proposed a combination of filters, including an adaptive median filter, an effective filter for impulsive noise, and a nonlocal means filter, an effective filter for background noise, for noise removal and image quality enhancement. Our proposed method enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio by 16 dB in an in vivo study compared to the traditional image reconstruction approach and preserved the image detail with minimal blurring, which usually occurs when filtering. These experimental results verified that the proposed adaptive multistage denoising techniques could effectively improve image quality under noisy data acquisition conditions, providing a strong foundation for photoacoustic microscopy with limited laser power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Guezzi
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
- DGIST Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Changho Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamado, South Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Thanh Dat Le
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Seong
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
- DGIST Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kang-Ho Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Jeollanamado, South Korea
| | - Jaesok Yu
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
- DGIST Robotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
- The Interdisciplinary Studies of Artificial Intelligence, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
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21
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Zhao T, Pham TT, Baker C, Ma MT, Ourselin S, Vercauteren T, Zhang E, Beard PC, Xia W. Ultrathin, high-speed, all-optical photoacoustic endomicroscopy probe for guiding minimally invasive surgery. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4414-4428. [PMID: 36032566 PMCID: PMC9408236 DOI: 10.1364/boe.463057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) endoscopy has shown significant potential for clinical diagnosis and surgical guidance. Multimode fibres (MMFs) are becoming increasingly attractive for the development of miniature endoscopy probes owing to their ultrathin size, low cost and diffraction-limited spatial resolution enabled by wavefront shaping. However, current MMF-based PA endomicroscopy probes are either limited by a bulky ultrasound detector or a low imaging speed that hindered their usability. In this work, we report the development of a highly miniaturised and high-speed PA endomicroscopy probe that is integrated within the cannula of a 20 gauge medical needle. This probe comprises a MMF for delivering the PA excitation light and a single-mode optical fibre with a plano-concave microresonator for ultrasound detection. Wavefront shaping with a digital micromirror device enabled rapid raster-scanning of a focused light spot at the distal end of the MMF for tissue interrogation. High-resolution PA imaging of mouse red blood cells covering an area 100 µm in diameter was achieved with the needle probe at ∼3 frames per second. Mosaicing imaging was performed after fibre characterisation by translating the needle probe to enlarge the field-of-view in real-time. The developed ultrathin PA endomicroscopy probe is promising for guiding minimally invasive surgery by providing functional, molecular and microstructural information of tissue in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Truc Thuy Pham
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Baker
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle T. Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Vercauteren
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, Charles Bell House, 67-73 Riding House Street, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Wenfeng Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, 4 Floor, Lambeth Wing St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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22
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Temperature-dependent optical properties of some mixtures nematic liquid crystal. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12676. [PMID: 35879343 PMCID: PMC9314397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of optical anisotropy in liquid crystals (LCs) has caused these materials to have dual refractive indices: ordinary (no) and extra-ordinary (ne). Many fundamental information about LCs can be found by looking at these refractive indices. In this work, the refractive indices of four mixtures nematic liquid crystal (NLC) have been studied as a function of temperature, and the relevant functions were then calculated. Subsequently, the order parameter of mentioned LCs was determined using three methods: Vuks, Haller, and the effective geometry parameter method. It was concluded that the obtained values are not significantly different and exhibit the same temperature dependence. The obtained results were evaluated in relation to the approach utilized.
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23
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Chen H, Agrawal S, Osman M, Minotto J, Mirg S, Liu J, Dangi A, Tran Q, Jackson T, Kothapalli SR. A Transparent Ultrasound Array for Real-Time Optical, Ultrasound, and Photoacoustic Imaging. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9871098. [PMID: 37850172 PMCID: PMC10521654 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9871098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective and Impact Statement. Simultaneous imaging of ultrasound and optical contrasts can help map structural, functional, and molecular biomarkers inside living subjects with high spatial resolution. There is a need to develop a platform to facilitate this multimodal imaging capability to improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Introduction. Currently, combining ultrasound, photoacoustic, and optical imaging modalities is challenging because conventional ultrasound transducer arrays are optically opaque. As a result, complex geometries are used to coalign both optical and ultrasound waves in the same field of view. Methods. One elegant solution is to make the ultrasound transducer transparent to light. Here, we demonstrate a novel transparent ultrasound transducer (TUT) linear array fabricated using a transparent lithium niobate piezoelectric material for real-time multimodal imaging. Results. The TUT-array consists of 64 elements and centered at ~6 MHz frequency. We demonstrate a quad-mode ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, photoacoustic, and fluorescence imaging in real-time using the TUT-array directly coupled to the tissue mimicking phantoms. Conclusion. The TUT-array successfully showed a multimodal imaging capability and has potential applications in diagnosing cancer, neurological, and vascular diseases, including image-guided endoscopy and wearable imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sumit Agrawal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Mohamed Osman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Josiah Minotto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shubham Mirg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jinyun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ajay Dangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Quyen Tran
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Thomas Jackson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sri-Rajasekhar Kothapalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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24
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Photoacoustic Imaging in Biomedicine and Life Sciences. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040588. [PMID: 35455079 PMCID: PMC9028050 DOI: 10.3390/life12040588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photo-acoustic imaging, also known as opto-acoustic imaging, has become a widely popular modality for biomedical applications. This hybrid technique possesses the advantages of high optical contrast and high ultrasonic resolution. Due to the distinct optical absorption properties of tissue compartments and main chromophores, photo-acoustics is able to non-invasively observe structural and functional variations within biological tissues including oxygenation and deoxygenation, blood vessels and spatial melanin distribution. The detection of acoustic waves produced by a pulsed laser source yields a high scaling range, from organ level photo-acoustic tomography to sub-cellular or even molecular imaging. This review discusses significant novel technical solutions utilising photo-acoustics and their applications in the fields of biomedicine and life sciences.
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25
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Oxygen saturation and blood volume analysis by Photoacoustic imaging to identify pre and post-PDT vascular changes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:103304. [PMID: 35574285 PMCID: PMC9092990 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the blood volume and oxygen saturation of tumors were measured after photoacoustic imaging (PAI) under conditions of pre-photodynamic therapy (PDT), post-PDT, and 4 hrs, and 24 hrs post-PDT. PDTs with aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and low and high doses of benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) were conducted to observe oxygen saturation changes, and the rapid oxygen consumption in the blood detected due to the action of BPD at the vascular level resulted in the recovery of PDT completion. Likewise, blood volume changes followed by ALA-PDT and BPD-PDT at low and high doses depicted a fast expansion of the blood volume after treatment. The tumor subjected to a high dose of ALA-PDT showed a partial alteration of Hb-pO2 in the first 24 hrs, as did the tumors treated with two ALA- and BPD-mediated PDTs. The Hb-pO2 started reducing immediately post-PDT and was less than 30% after 4 hrs until 24 hrs post-PDT. Reduced vascular demand was possibly due to tumor necrosis, as shown by the permanent damage in the cancer cells' bioluminescence signal. The ALA-mediated PDT-subjected tumor showed a 50% drop in BV at 24 hrs post-PDT, which is suggestive of vascular pruning. The studied data of blood volume against BLI showed the blood volume and oxygenation variations validating the cells' metabolic activity, including cell death.
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Gomes AD, Turtaev S, Du Y, Čižmár T. Near perfect focusing through multimode fibres. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:10645-10663. [PMID: 35473026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Holographic, multimode fibre (MMF) based endoscopes envision high-quality in-vivo imaging inside previously inaccessible structures of living organisms, amongst other perspective applications. Within these instruments, a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) is deployed in order to holographically synthesise light fields which, after traversing the multimode fibre, form foci at desired positions behind the distal fibre facet. When applied in various imaging modalities, the purity and sharpness of the achieved foci are determinant for the imaging performance. Here we present diffraction-limited foci, which contain in excess of 96% of optical power delivered by the fibre which, to the best of our knowledge, represents the highest value reported to date. Further, we quantitatively study the impact of various conditions of the experimental procedure including input polarisation settings, influence of ghost diffraction orders, light modulation regimes, bias of the calibration camera and the influence of noise.
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Wu Z, Zhou J, Nkanga CI, Jin Z, He T, Borum RM, Yim W, Zhou J, Cheng Y, Xu M, Steinmetz NF, Jokerst JV. One-Step Supramolecular Multifunctional Coating on Plant Virus Nanoparticles for Bioimaging and Therapeutic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13692-13702. [PMID: 35258299 PMCID: PMC9159738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant viral nanoparticles (plant VNPs) are promising biogenetic nanosystems for the delivery of therapeutic, immunotherapeutic, and diagnostic agents. The production of plant VNPs is simple and highly scalable through molecular farming in plants. Some of the important advances in VNP nanotechnology include genetic modification, disassembly/reassembly, and bioconjugation. Although effective, these methods often involve complex and time-consuming multi-step protocols. Here, we report a simple and versatile supramolecular coating strategy for designing functional plant VNPs via metal-phenolic networks (MPNs). Specifically, this method gives plant viruses [e.g., tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cowpea mosaic virus, and potato virus X] additional functionalities including photothermal transduction, photoacoustic imaging, and fluorescent labeling via different components in MPN coating [i.e., complexes of tannic acid (TA), metal ions (e.g., Fe3+, Zr4+, or Gd3+), or fluorescent dyes (e.g., rhodamine 6G and thiazole orange)]. For example, using TMV as a viral substrate by choosing Zr4+-TA and rhodamine 6G, fluorescence is observed peaking at 555 nm; by choosing Fe3+-TA coating, the photothermal conversion efficiency was increased from 0.8 to 33.2%, and the photoacoustic performance was significantly improved with a limit of detection of 17.7 μg mL-1. We further confirmed that TMV@Fe3+-TA nanohybrids show good cytocompatibility and excellent cell-killing performance in photothermal therapy with 808 nm irradiation. These findings not only prove the practical benefits of this supramolecular coating for designing multifunctional and biocompatible plant VNPs but also bode well for using such materials in a variety of plant virus-based theranostic applications.
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Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is able to provide extremely high molecular
contrast while maintaining the superior imaging depth of ultrasound (US)
imaging. Conventional microscopic PA imaging has limited access to deeper tissue
due to strong light scattering and attenuation. Endoscopic PA technology enables
direct delivery of excitation light into the interior of a hollow organ or
cavity of the body for functional and molecular PA imaging of target tissue.
Various endoscopic PA probes have been developed for different applications,
including the intravascular imaging of lipids in atherosclerotic plaque and
endoscopic imaging of colon cancer. In this paper, the authors review
representative probe configurations and corresponding preclinical applications.
In addition, the potential challenges and future directions of endoscopic PA
imaging are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine,
Irvine, CA 92617, USA
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine,
Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Cardiovascular
Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence:
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Zhao T, Ma MT, Ourselin S, Vercauteren T, Xia W. Video-rate dual-modal photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging through a multimode fibre towards forward-viewing endomicroscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2022; 25:100323. [PMID: 35028288 PMCID: PMC8741494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimode fibres (MMFs) are becoming increasingly attractive in optical endoscopy as they promise to enable unparallelled miniaturisation, spatial resolution and cost. However, high-speed imaging with wavefront shaping has been challenging. Here, we report the development of a video-rate dual-modal photoacoustic (PA) and fluorescence microscopy probe with a high-speed digital micromirror device (DMD) towards forward-viewing endomicroscopy. Optimal DMD patterns were obtained using a real-valued intensity transmission matrix algorithm to raster-scan a 1.5 μ m-diameter focused beam at the distal fibre tip for imaging. The PA imaging speed and spatial resolution were varied from ∼ 2 to 57 frames per second and from 1.7 to 3 μ m, respectively. Further, high-fidelity PA images of carbon fibres and mouse red blood cells were acquired at unprecedented speed. The capability of dual-modal imaging was demonstrated with phantoms. We anticipate that with further miniaturisation of the ultrasound detector, this probe could be integrated into medical needles to guide minimally invasive procedures.
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Li J, Shang C, Rong Y, Sun J, Cheng Y, He B, Wang Z, Li M, Ma J, Fu B, Ji X. Review on Laser Technology in Intravascular Imaging and Treatment. Aging Dis 2022; 13:246-266. [PMID: 35111372 PMCID: PMC8782552 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels are one of the most essential organs, which nourish all tissues in our body. Once there are intravascular plaques or vascular occlusion, other organs and circulatory systems will not work properly. Therefore, it is necessary to detect abnormal blood vessels by intravascular imaging technologies for subsequent vascular treatment. The emergence of lasers and fiber optics promotes the development of intravascular imaging and treatment. Laser imaging techniques can obtain deep vascular images owing to light scattering and absorption properties. Moreover, photothermal and photomechanical effects of laser make it possible to treat vascular diseases accurately. In this review, we present the research progress and applications of laser techniques in intravascular imaging and treatment. Firstly, we introduce intravascular optical coherent tomography and intravascular photoacoustic imaging, which can obtain various information of plaques. Multimodal intravascular imaging techniques provide more information about intravascular plaques, which have an essential influence on intravascular imaging. Secondly, two laser techniques including laser angioplasty and endovenous laser ablation are discussed for the treatment of arterial and venous diseases, respectively. Finally, the outlook of laser techniques in blood vessels, as well as the integration of laser imaging and treatment are prospected in the section of discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ce Shang
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao Rong
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Medical Engineering Devices of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingxuan Sun
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan Cheng
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Boqu He
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ming Li
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianguo Ma
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Fu
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- BUAA-CCMU Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
- China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Neurosurgery Department of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Zhou J, Yim W, Zhou J, Jin Z, Xu M, Mantri Y, He T, Cheng Y, Fu L, Wu Z, Hancock T, Penny W, Jokerst JV. A fiber optic photoacoustic sensor for real-time heparin monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113692. [PMID: 34653712 PMCID: PMC9119340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a common anticoagulant, but heparin overdose is a common intensive care unit (ICU) medication error due to the narrow therapeutic window of heparin. Conventional methods to monitoring heparin suffer from long turnaround time, the need for skilled personnel, and low frequency of sampling. To overcome these issues, we describe here a fiber optic photoacoustic (PA) sensor for real-time heparin monitoring. The proposed sensor was validated with in vitro testing and in a simulated in vivo model using the following samples: (1) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (2) spiked human plasma, (3) spiked whole human blood, and (4) clinical samples from patients treated with heparin. Samples were validated by comparing the PA signal to the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) as well as the activated clotting time (ACT). Importantly, the proposed sensor has a short turnaround time (3 min) and a limit of detection of 0.18 U/ml in whole human blood. The PA signal is linear with heparin dose and correlates with the aPTT value (Pearson's r = 0.99). The PA signal from 32 clinical samples collected from eight patients linearly correlated with ACT values (Pearson's r = 0.89, in vitro; Pearson's r = 0.93, simulated in vivo). The PA signal was also validated against the cumulative heparin dose (Pearson's r = 0.94, in vitro; Pearson's r = 0.96, simulated in vivo). This approach could have applications in both in vitro and real-time in vivo heparin monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yash Mantri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tengyu He
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhuohong Wu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Tiffany Hancock
- Division of Cardiology, VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - William Penny
- Division of Cardiology, VA Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA. (J.V. Jokerst)
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32
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Yim W, Borum RM, Zhou J, Mantri Y, Wu Z, Zhou J, Jin Z, Creyer M, Jokerst JV. Ultrasmall gold nanorod-polydopamine hybrids for enhanced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy in second near-infrared window. Nanotheranostics 2022; 6:79-90. [PMID: 34976582 PMCID: PMC8671965 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.63634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanorods (GNRs) have attracted great interest for photo-mediated biomedicines due to their tunable and high optical absorption, high photothermal conversion efficiency and facile surface modifiability. GNRs that have efficient absorption in second near-infrared (NIR-II) window hold further promise in bio-applications due to low background signal from tissue and deep tissue penetration. However, bare GNRs readily undergo shape deformation (termed as 'melting effect') during the laser illumination losing their unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, which subsequently leads to PA signal attenuation and decreased photothermal efficiency. Polydopamine (PDA) is a robust synthetic melanin that has broad absorption and high photothermal conversion. Herein, we coated GNRs with PDA to prepare photothermally robust GNR@PDA hybrids for enhanced photo-mediated theranostic agents. Ultrasmall GNRs (SGNRs) and conventional large GNRs (LGNRs) that possess similar LSPR characteristics as well as GNR@PDA hybrids were compared side-by-side in terms of the size-dependent photoacoustic (PA) imaging, photothermal therapy (PTT), and structural stability. In vitro experiments further demonstrated that SGNR@PDA showed 95% ablation of SKOV3 ovarian cancer cells, which is significantly higher than that of LGNRs (66%) and SGNRs (74%). Collectively, our PDA coating strategy represents a rational design for enhanced PA imaging and efficient PTT via a nanoparticle, i.e., nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Raina M. Borum
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Yash Mantri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Zhuohong Wu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Matthew Creyer
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
| | - Jesse V. Jokerst
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, United States
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Wang K, Li C, Chen R, Shi J. Recent advances in high-speed photoacoustic microscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 24:100294. [PMID: 34458095 PMCID: PMC8379700 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) microscopy (PAM) has achieved remarkable progress in biomedicine in the past decade. It is a fast-rising imaging modality with diverse applications, such as hemodynamics, oncology, metabolism, and neuroimaging. Combining optical excitation and acoustic detection, the hybrid nature of PAM provides advantages of rich contrast and deep penetration. In recent years, high-speed PAM has flourished and enabled high-speed wide-field imaging of functional activity. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in high-speed PAM technologies, including high-repetition-rate multi-wavelength laser development, fast scanning techniques, and novel PA signal acquisition strategies.
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34
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Cho SW, Park SM, Park B, Kim DY, Lee TG, Kim BM, Kim C, Kim J, Lee SW, Kim CS. High-speed photoacoustic microscopy: A review dedicated on light sources. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 24:100291. [PMID: 34485074 PMCID: PMC8403586 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many methods have been investigated to improve imaging speed in photoacoustic microscopy (PAM). These methods mainly focused upon three critical factors contributing to fast PAM: laser pulse repetition rate, scanning speed, and computing power of the microprocessors. A high laser repetition rate is fundamentally the most crucial factor to increase the PAM speed. In this paper, we review methods adopted for fast PAM systems in detail, specifically with respect to light sources. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first review article analyzing the fundamental requirements for developing high-speed PAM and their limitations from the perspective of light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Woo Cho
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byullee Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Kim
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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Nkanga CI, Chung YH, Shukla S, Zhou J, Jokerst JV, Steinmetz NF. The in vivo fate of tobacco mosaic virus nanoparticle theranostic agents modified by the addition of a polydopamine coat. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7134-7150. [PMID: 34591046 PMCID: PMC8600448 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plant virus nanoparticles (VNPs) have multiple advantages over their synthetic counterparts including the cost-effective large-scale manufacturing of uniform particles that are easy to functionalize. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one of the most promising VNP scaffolds, reflecting its high aspect ratio and ability to carry and/or display multivalent therapeutic ligands and contrast agents. Here we investigated the circulation, protein corona, immunogenicity, and organ distribution/clearance of TMV particles internally co-labeled with cyanine 5 (Cy5) and chelated gadolinium (Gd) for dual tracking by fluorescence imaging and optical emission spectrometry, with or without an external coating of polydopamine (PDA) to confer photothermal and photoacoustic capabilities. The PDA-coated particles (Gd-Cy5-TMV-PDA) showed a shorter plasma circulation time and broader distribution to organs of the reticuloendothelial system (liver, lungs, and spleen) than uncoated Gd-Cy5-TMV particles (liver and spleen only). The Gd-Cy5-TMV-PDA particles were surrounded by 2-10-fold greater protein corona (containing mainly immunoglobulins) compared to Gd-Cy5-TMV particles. However, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that PDA-coated particles bind 2-fold lesser to anti-TMV antibodies elicited by particle injection than uncoated particles, suggesting that the PDA coat enables evasion from systemic antibody surveillance. Gd-Cy5-TMV-PDA particles were cleared from organs after 8 days compared to 5 days for the uncoated particles. The slower tissue clearance of the coated particles makes them ideal for theranostic applications by facilitating sustained local delivery in addition to multimodal imaging and photothermal capabilities. We have demonstrated the potential of PDA-coated proteinaceous nanoparticles for multiple biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Isalomboto Nkanga
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Young Hun Chung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
- Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
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36
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Park B, Han M, Park J, Kim T, Ryu H, Seo Y, Kim WJ, Kim HH, Kim C. A photoacoustic finder fully integrated with a solid-state dye laser and transparent ultrasound transducer. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2021; 23:100290. [PMID: 34401325 PMCID: PMC8358697 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2021.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The standard-of-care for evaluating lymph node status in breast cancers and melanoma metastasis is sentinel lymph node (SLN) assessment performed with a handheld gamma probe and radioisotopes. However, this method inevitably exposes patients and physicians to radiation, and the special facilities required limit its accessibility. Here, we demonstrate a non-ionizing, cost-effective, handheld photoacoustic finder (PAF) fully integrated with a solid-state dye laser and transparent ultrasound transducer (TUT). The solid-state dye laser handpiece is coaxially aligned with the spherically focused TUT. The integrated finder readily detected photoacoustic signals from a tube filled with methylene blue (MB) beneath a 22 mm thick layer of chicken tissue. In live animals, we also photoacoustically detected both SLNs injected with MB and subcutaneously injected melanomas. We believe that our radiation-free and inexpensive PAF can play a vital role in SLN assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byullee Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Moongyu Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanyoung Ryu
- R&D center, Wontech Co. Ltd., Daejeon, 34028, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Seo
- R&D center, Wontech Co. Ltd., Daejeon, 34028, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ham Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding authors.
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Jin Z, Jorns A, Yim W, Wing R, Mantri Y, Zhou J, Zhou J, Wu Z, Moore C, Penny WF, Jokerst JV. Mapping Aerosolized Saliva on Face Coverings for Biosensing Applications. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11025-11032. [PMID: 34309356 PMCID: PMC8543450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Facemasks in congregate settings prevent the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and help control the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic because face coverings can arrest transmission of respiratory droplets. While many groups have studied face coverings as personal protective equipment, these respiratory droplets can also serve as a diagnostic fluid to report on health state; surprisingly, studies of face coverings from this perspective are quite limited. Here, we determined the concentration and distribution of aerosolized saliva (via α-amylase levels) captured on various face coverings. Our results showed that α-amylase accumulated on face coverings in a time-dependent way albeit at different levels, e.g., neck gaiters and surgical masks captured about 3-fold more α-amylase than cloth masks and N95 respirators. In addition, the saliva aerosols were primarily detected on the inner layer of multilayered face coverings. We also found that the distribution of salivary droplets on the mask correlated with the morphologies of face coverings as well as their coherence to the face curvature. These findings motivated us to extend this work and build multifunctional sensing strips capable of detecting biomarkers in situ to create "smart" masks. The work highlights that face coverings are promising platforms for biofluid collection and colorimetric biosensing, which bode well for developing surveillance tools for airborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Jin
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Alec Jorns
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wonjun Yim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ryan Wing
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yash Mantri
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jingcheng Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Zhuohong Wu
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Colman Moore
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - William F Penny
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California 92161, United States
| | - Jesse V Jokerst
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Xu M, Yim W, Zhou J, Zhou J, Jin Z, Moore C, Borum R, Jorns A, Jokerst JV. The Application of Organic Nanomaterials for Bioimaging, Drug Delivery, and Therapy: Spanning Various Domains. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2021.3081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wiacek A, Lediju Bell MA. Photoacoustic-guided surgery from head to toe [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:2079-2117. [PMID: 33996218 PMCID: PMC8086464 DOI: 10.1364/boe.417984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging-the combination of optics and acoustics to visualize differences in optical absorption - has recently demonstrated strong viability as a promising method to provide critical guidance of multiple surgeries and procedures. Benefits include its potential to assist with tumor resection, identify hemorrhaged and ablated tissue, visualize metal implants (e.g., needle tips, tool tips, brachytherapy seeds), track catheter tips, and avoid accidental injury to critical subsurface anatomy (e.g., major vessels and nerves hidden by tissue during surgery). These benefits are significant because they reduce surgical error, associated surgery-related complications (e.g., cancer recurrence, paralysis, excessive bleeding), and accidental patient death in the operating room. This invited review covers multiple aspects of the use of photoacoustic imaging to guide both surgical and related non-surgical interventions. Applicable organ systems span structures within the head to contents of the toes, with an eye toward surgical and interventional translation for the benefit of patients and for use in operating rooms and interventional suites worldwide. We additionally include a critical discussion of complete systems and tools needed to maximize the success of surgical and interventional applications of photoacoustic-based technology, spanning light delivery, acoustic detection, and robotic methods. Multiple enabling hardware and software integration components are also discussed, concluding with a summary and future outlook based on the current state of technological developments, recent achievements, and possible new directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycen Wiacek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Muyinatu A. Lediju Bell
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Computer Science, 3400 N. Charles St., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Kaur M, Lane PM, Menon C. Scanning and Actuation Techniques for Cantilever-Based Fiber Optic Endoscopic Scanners-A Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21010251. [PMID: 33401728 PMCID: PMC7795415 DOI: 10.3390/s21010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Endoscopes are used routinely in modern medicine for in-vivo imaging of luminal organs. Technical advances in the micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) and optical fields have enabled the further miniaturization of endoscopes, resulting in the ability to image previously inaccessible small-caliber luminal organs, enabling the early detection of lesions and other abnormalities in these tissues. The development of scanning fiber endoscopes supports the fabrication of small cantilever-based imaging devices without compromising the image resolution. The size of an endoscope is highly dependent on the actuation and scanning method used to illuminate the target image area. Different actuation methods used in the design of small-sized cantilever-based endoscopes are reviewed in this paper along with their working principles, advantages and disadvantages, generated scanning patterns, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- MENRVA Research Group, Schools of Mechatronic Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, B.C. V3T 0A3, Canada;
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, B.C., V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Pierre M. Lane
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, Vancouver, B.C., V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Carlo Menon
- MENRVA Research Group, Schools of Mechatronic Systems Engineering and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, B.C. V3T 0A3, Canada;
- School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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