1
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Gao Z, Li L, Liu M, Tian S, Feng M, Qiao Y, Shan C. Photoacoustic trace gas detection of OCS using a 2.45 mL Helmholtz resonator and a 4823.3 nm ICL light source. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 38:100612. [PMID: 38711869 PMCID: PMC11070921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A miniaturized photoacoustic spectroscopy-based gas sensor is proposed for the purpose of detecting sub-ppm-level carbonyl sulfide (OCS) using a tunable mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) and a Helmholtz photoacoustic cell. The tuning characteristics of the tunable ICL with a center wavelength of 4823.3 nm were investigated to achieve the optimal driving parameters. A Helmholtz photoacoustic cell with a volume of ∼2.45 mL was designed and optimized to miniaturize the measurement system. By optimizing the modulation parameters and signal processing, the system was verified to have a good linear response to OCS concentration. With a lock-in amplifier integration time of 10 s, the 1σ noise standard deviation in differential mode was 0.84 mV and a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 409.2 ppbV was achieved at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minghui Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shen Tian
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingyang Feng
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingying Qiao
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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2
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Fu L, Zhang J, Pan Y, Lu P. Differential photoacoustic spectroscopy for flow gas detection based on single microphone. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 38:100624. [PMID: 38872921 PMCID: PMC11169465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Differential photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) for flow gas detection based on single microphone is innovatively proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Unlike the traditional systems, only one microphone is used to suppress flowing gas noise. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy and second harmonic detection technique are applied in this PAS system with Q-point demodulation for acetylene (C2H2) gas detection. The experiment is conducted at 1 atm and 300 K. Different concentrations and flow rates of C2H2 from 0 sccm to 225 sccm are detected by using nitrogen (N2) as the carrier gas, which indicates that the system can respond well to flowing gases while maintaining the noise at the same level. The system response time decreases to 3.58 s while the gas velocity is 225 sccm. The detection limit of 43.97 ppb with 1 s integration time and normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 4.0 × 10-9 cm-1 W Hz-1/2 is achieved at the flow rate of 225 sccm. The firstly proposed differential PAS based on single microphone greatly simplifies the system structure for flow gas detection, which provides a novel route for development of PAS with significant practical implementation prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Fu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangshan Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yufeng Pan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO) and National Engineering Research Center for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Wuhan OV Optical Networking Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Wu G, Zhang Y, Gong Z, Fan Y, Xing J, Wu X, Ma J, Peng W, Yu Q, Mei L. A mini-resonant photoacoustic sensor based on a sphere-cylinder coupled acoustic resonator for high-sensitivity trace gas sensing. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 37:100595. [PMID: 38404402 PMCID: PMC10882166 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports a mini-resonant photoacoustic sensor for high-sensitivity trace gas sensing. The sensor primarily contains a sphere-cylinder coupled acoustic resonator, a cylindrical buffer chamber, and a fiber-optic acoustic sensor. The acoustic field distributions of this mini-resonant photoacoustic sensor and the conventional T-type resonant photoacoustic sensor have been carefully evaluated, showing that the first-order resonance frequency of the present mini-resonant photoacoustic sensor is reduced by nearly a half compared to that of the T-type resonant photoacoustic sensor. The volume of the developed photoacoustic cavity is only about 0.8 cm3. Trace methane is selected as the target analytical gas and a detection limit of 101 parts-per-billion at 100-s integration time has been achieved, corresponding to a normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient of 1.04 × 10-8 W·cm-1·Hz-1/2. The developed mini-resonant photoacoustic sensor provides potential for high-sensitivity trace gas sensing in narrow spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojie Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongjia Zhang
- School of Dalian University of Technology and Belarusian State University Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhenfeng Gong
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Yeming Fan
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiawei Xing
- School of Dalian University of Technology and Belarusian State University Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Xue Wu
- School of Dalian University of Technology and Belarusian State University Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Junsheng Ma
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Peng
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingxu Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Mei
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China
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4
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Guo G, Li L, Zhou Y, Gong T, Tian Y, Sun X, Cui J, Shi S, Guo Z, He X, Qiu X, Sun J, Jiang C, Fittschen C, Li C. High-Sensitivity Differential Helmholtz Photoacoustic System Combined with the Herriott Multipass Cell and Its Application in Seed Respiration. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7730-7737. [PMID: 38703107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
A highly sensitive photoacoustic detection system using a differential Helmholtz resonator (DHR) combined with a Herriott multipass cell is presented, and its implementation to sub-ppm level carbon dioxide (CO2) detection is demonstrated. Through the utilization of erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA), the laser power was amplified to 150 mW. Within the multipass cell, a total of 22 reflections occurred, contributing to an impressive 33.6 times improvement in the system sensitivity. The normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) was 8.64 × 10-11 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2 [signal-to-noise ratio, (SNR) = 1] and according to the Allan variance analysis, a minimum detection limit of 500 ppb could be achieved for CO2 at 1204 s, which demonstrates the long-term stability of the system. The system was applied to detect the respiration of rice and upland rice seeds. It is demonstrated that the system can monitor and distinguish the respiration intensity and respiration rate of different seeds in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guqing Guo
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lin Li
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yueting Zhou
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yali Tian
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaocong Sun
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zhenyu Guo
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaohu He
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xuanbing Qiu
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Christa Fittschen
- CNRS, UMR 8522-PC2A─Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, Université Lille, Lille F-59000, France
| | - Chuanliang Li
- Shanxi Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement and Online Detection Equipment, Shanxi Center of Technology Innovation for Light Manipulations and Applications, School of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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5
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Liang T, Qiao S, Chen Y, He Y, Ma Y. High-sensitivity methane detection based on QEPAS and H-QEPAS technologies combined with a self-designed 8.7 kHz quartz tuning fork. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 36:100592. [PMID: 38322619 PMCID: PMC10844118 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a greenhouse gas as well as being flammable and explosive. In this manuscript, quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and heterodyne QEPAS (H-QEPAS) exploring a self-designed quartz tuning fork (QTF) with resonance frequency (f0) of ∼8.7 kHz was utilized to achieve sensitive CH4 detection. Compared with the standard commercial 32.768 kHz QTF, this self-designed QTF with a low f0 and large prong gap has the merits of long energy accumulation time and low optical noise. The strongest line located at 6057.08 cm-1 in the 2v3 overtone band of CH4 was chosen as the target absorption line. A diode laser with a high output power of > 30 mW was utilized as the excitation source. Acoustic micro-resonators (AmRs) were added to the sensor architecture to amplify the intensity of acoustic waves. Compared to the bare QTF, after the addition of AmRs, a signal enhancement of 149-fold and 165-fold were obtained for QEPAS and H-QEPAS systems, respectively. The corresponding minimum detection limits (MDLs) were 711 ppb and 1.06 ppm for QEPAS and H-QEPAS sensors. Furthermore, based on Allan variance analysis the MDLs can be improved to 19 ppb and 27 ppb correspondingly. Compared to the QEPAS sensor, the H-QEPAS sensor shows significantly shorter measurement timeframes, allowing for measuring the gas concentration quickly while simultaneously obtaining f0 of QTF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shunda Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yanjun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ying He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Zhengzhou 450000, China
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6
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Li Z, Liu J, Ning Z, Xu H, Miao J, Pan Y, Yang C, Fang Y. Compact gas cell for simultaneous detection of atmospheric aerosol optical properties based on photoacoustic spectroscopy and integrating sphere scattering enhancement. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2024; 36:100591. [PMID: 38322617 PMCID: PMC10844632 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2024.100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols play a pivotal role in the earth-atmospheric system. Analyzing their optical properties, specifically absorption and scattering coefficients, is essential for comprehending the impact of aerosols on climate. When different optical properties of aerosols are individually measured using multiple devices, cumulative errors in the detection results inevitably occur. To address this challenge, based on photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and integrating sphere (IS) scattering enhancement, a compact gas cell (PASIS-Cell) was developed. The PASIS-Cell comprises a dual-T-type photoacoustic cell (DTPAC) and an IS. IS is coupled with DTPAC through a transparent quartz tube, thereby enhancing the scattering signal without compromising the acoustic characteristics of DTPAC. Concurrently, DTPAC can realize high-performance photoacoustic detection of absorption signal. Experimental results demonstrate that PASIS-Cell can simultaneously invert atmospheric aerosol absorption and scattering coefficients, with a minimum detection limit of less than 1 Mm-1, showcasing its potential in the analysis of aerosol optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Haichun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junfang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Changping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yonghua Fang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Xiong S, Yin X, Wang Q, Xia J, Chen Z, Lei H, Yan X, Zhu A, Qiu F, Chen B, Wang Q, Zhang L, Zhang K. Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Gas Detection Technology Research Progress. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 78:139-158. [PMID: 37936290 DOI: 10.1177/00037028231208712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) can be utilized as an ultrasensitive gas detection method. The basic principles of gas detection using PAS are discussed in this paper. First, the basic instrumentation for a PAS gas detection system is introduced focusing on the photoacoustic cell. The discussion includes non-resonant photoacoustic cells and the different types of resonant photoacoustic cells, including the longitudinal photoacoustic cell, the Helmholtz photoacoustic cell, the T-type photoacoustic cell, and the high-frequency resonant photoacoustic cell. The basic working principles of each of these, cells as well as the advantages and disadvantages of photoacoustic cells are discussed, and the development of newer types of photoacoustic cells in recent years is outlined in detail. This review provides detailed reference information and guidance for interested researchers who would like to design and build advanced photoacoustic cells for gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuidong Xiong
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyu Yin
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Ji Xia
- College of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongwei Lei
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Yan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aisong Zhu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Qiu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binhai Chen
- Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Emergency Management Department of Shenyang Fire Research Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Institute of Ocean Instruments Qilu, University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Qingdao, China
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8
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Zhao X, Wang Z, Li C, Wang H, Qi H, Guo M, Ma F, Chen K. Ultrahigh Sensitive Trace Gas Sensing System with Dual Fiber-Optic Cantilever Multiplexing-Based Differential Photoacoustic Detection. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1046-1053. [PMID: 38196109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
An ultrahigh sensitive trace gas sensing system was presented with dual cantilever-based differential photoacoustic detection. By combining the double enhancement of multipass absorption and optical differential detection, the gas detection sensitivity was significantly improved. The dual-channel synchronous photoacoustic detection was realized by fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interference spectrum multiplexing. The photoacoustic signals detected by two fiber-optic cantilever microphones installed in a differential photoacoustic cell (DPAC) were out of phase, while the detected gas flow noises were in phase. The optical differential detection method achieved both highly sensitive optical interference measurement and differential noise suppression. In the multipass configuration, the interaction path between excitation light and target gas achieved 4.1 m, which improved the photoacoustic signal by an order of magnitude compared with a single reflection. The maximum gas flow allowed by the system based on the DPAC was 250 sccm, which realized the dynamic monitoring of H2S in the SF6 background. The detection limit for H2S in SF6 background was 5.1 ppb, which corresponds to the normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of 9 × 10-10 cm-1 W Hz-1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hongchao Qi
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Min Guo
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fengxiang Ma
- Electric Power Research Institute, Net Anhui Electric Power Co., Ltd, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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9
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Qi H, Zhang G, Xu L, Yang L, Wang Z, Xu Y, Chen K. High-Precision Photoacoustic Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Analyzer for Fast Dynamic Measurement. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1354-1361. [PMID: 38194439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
A high-precision photoacoustic (PA) gas analyzer for fast dynamic measurement of ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was developed. The PA analyzer used a differential PA cell combined with two mufflers to achieve rapid gas flow gas detection. A high-power laser diode (LD) with a center wavelength of 450 nm was used as the PA signal excitation source. To reduce the saturated absorption effect of NO2, ambient air was pumped into the analyzer at a flow rate of 900 sccm. Two mufflers were combined with the differential PA cell to reduce the noise caused by the airflow and pump. The parameters of the mufflers were optimized by using a finite element method. The experimental results showed that the gas flow noise was suppressed by 95%. The response time of the PAS analyzer was 34 s. The detection limits of the analyzer were 0.64 and 0.17 ppb when the integration times were 1 and 15 s, respectively. A 120 h continuous monitoring result was compared with the data from the National Environmental Monitoring Station to demonstrate the high reliability of the analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Qi
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Guangyin Zhang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Purification Equipment Research Institute of CSIC, Handan, Hebei 056004, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Yufu Xu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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10
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Song S, Wang Q, Zou X, Li Z, Ma Z, Jiang D, Fu Y, Liu Q. High-precision prediction of blood glucose concentration utilizing Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy and an ensemble machine learning algorithm. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123176. [PMID: 37494812 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy has gained popularity in analyzing blood glucose levels due to its non-invasive identification and minimal interference from water. However, the challenge lies in how to accurately predict blood glucose concentrations in human blood using Raman spectroscopy. This paper researches a novel integrated machine learning algorithm called Bagging-ABC-ELM. The optimal input weights and biases of extreme learning machine (ELM) model are obtained by artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. The bagging algorithm is used to obtain a better the stability of the model and higher performance than ELM algorithm. The results show that the mean value of coefficient of determination is 0.9928, and root mean square error is 0.1928. Compared to other regression models, the Bagging-ABC-ELM model exhibited superior prediction accuracy, robustness, and generalization capability. The Bagging-ABC-ELM model presents a promising alternative for analyzing blood glucose levels in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Song
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
| | - Qiaoyun Wang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Xin Zou
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
| | - Zhenhe Ma
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China
| | - Daying Jiang
- Zhongyou BSS (Qinhuangdao) Petropipe Company Limited, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110819, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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11
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Wang F, Wu J, Cheng Y, Fu L, Zhang J, Wang Q. Simultaneous detection of greenhouse gases CH 4 and CO 2 based on a dual differential photoacoustic spectroscopy system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33898-33913. [PMID: 37859159 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the atmospheric measurement, detection of dissolved carbon oxides and hydrocarbons in a water region is also an important aspect of greenhouse gas monitoring, such as CH4 and CO2. The first step of measuring dissolved gases is the separation process of water and gases. However, slow degassing efficiency is a big challenge which requires the gas detection technology itself with low gas consumption. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a good choice with advantages of high sensitivity, low gas consumption, and zero background, which has been rapidly developed in recent years and is expected to be applied in the field of dissolved gas detection. In this study, a miniaturized differential photoacoustic cell with a volume of 7.9 mL is designed for CH4 and CO2 detection, and a dual differential method with four microphones is proposed to enhance the photoacoustic signal. What we believe to be a new method increases photoacoustic signal by 4 times and improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) over 10 times compared with the conventional single-microphone mode. Two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers at 1651 nm and 2004nm are employed to construct the PAS system for CH4 and CO2 detection respectively. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and 2nd harmonic demodulation techniques are applied to further improve the SNR. As a result, sensitivity of 0.44 ppm and 7.39 ppm for CH4 and CO2 are achieved respectively with an integration time of 10 s. Allan deviation analysis indicates that the sensitivity can be further improved to 42 ppb (NNEA=4.7×10-10cm-1WHz-1/2) for CH4 and 0.86 ppm (NNEA=5.3×10-10cm-1WHz-1/2) for CO2 when the integration time is extended to 1000 s.
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12
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Zhang C, He Y, Qiao S, Ma Y. Differential integrating sphere-based photoacoustic spectroscopy gas sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5089-5092. [PMID: 37773392 DOI: 10.1364/ol.500214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, a differential integrating sphere-based photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gas sensor is proposed for the first time to our knowledge. The differential integrating sphere system consists of two integrating spheres and a tube. Based on differential characteristics, the photoacoustic signal of the designed differential integrating sphere was doubly enhanced and the noise was suppressed. Compared with a single channel integrating sphere, the differential integrating sphere sensing system had a 1.86 times improvement in signal level. An erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) was adopted to amplify the output of diode laser to enhance the optical excitation. The second harmonic (2f) signal of differential integrating sphere-based acetylene (C2H2) PAS sensor with an amplified 1000 mW optical output power was 104.67 mV, which was 22.80 times improved compared to the sensing system without EDFA. When the integration time was 100 s, the minimum detection limit (MDL) of the differential integrating sphere-based C2H2 PAS sensor was 416.7 ppb. The differential integrating sphere provides a new method, to the best of our knowledge, for the development of PAS sensor, which has the advantages of photoacoustic signal enhancement, strong noise immunity, and no need for optical adjustment.
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13
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Zhang Z, Fan X, Xu Y, Wang Y, Tang Y, Zhao R, Li C, Wang H, Chen K. Silicon-Cantilever-Enhanced Single-Fiber Photoacoustic Acetylene Gas Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7644. [PMID: 37688100 PMCID: PMC10490797 DOI: 10.3390/s23177644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A single-fiber photoacoustic (PA) sensor with a silicon cantilever beam for trace acetylene (C2H2) gas analysis was proposed. The miniature gas sensor mainly consisted of a microcantilever and a non-resonant PA cell for the real-time detection of acetylene gas. The gas diffused into the photoacoustic cell through the silicon cantilever beam gap. The volume of the PA cell in the sensor was about 14 μL. By using a 1 × 2 fiber optical coupler, a 1532.8 nm distributed feedback (DFB) laser and a white light interference demodulation module were connected to the single-fiber photoacoustic sensor. A silicon cantilever was utilized to improve the performance when detecting the PA signal. To eliminate the interference of the laser-reflected light, a part of the Fabry-Perot (F-P) interference spectrum was used for phase demodulation to achieve the highly sensitive detection of acetylene gas. The minimum detection limit (MDL) achieved was 0.2 ppm with 100 s averaging time. In addition, the calculated normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient was 4.4 × 10-9 W·cm-1·Hz-1/2. The single-fiber photoacoustic sensor designed has great application prospects in the early warning of transformer faults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhang
- State Grid Gansu Electric Power Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.Z.); (X.F.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xinhong Fan
- State Grid Gansu Electric Power Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.Z.); (X.F.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yufu Xu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Yongqi Wang
- State Grid Gansu Electric Power Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.Z.); (X.F.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yiyao Tang
- State Grid Gansu Electric Power Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.Z.); (X.F.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhao
- State Grid Gansu Electric Power Research Institute, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Z.Z.); (X.F.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (R.Z.)
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.L.); (H.W.)
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.L.); (H.W.)
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14
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Zhao X, Qi H, Xu Y, Li C, Guo M, Zhao J, Cui D, Chen K. Dynamic detection of ppb-level SO 2 based on a differential photoacoustic cell coupled with UV-LED. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4558-4561. [PMID: 37656554 DOI: 10.1364/ol.498908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
We design a photoacoustic (PA) SO2 sensor based on the coupling of a differential photoacoustic cell (DPAC) and cost-effective UV-LED, which realized the dynamic monitoring of SO2 gas at the ppb level. Aiming at the limitation of UV-LED divergence, a light source combination module with high condensing efficiency was devised based on a lens through theoretical derivation and experimental analysis. The PA signal with the optimum matching of the lens was 20-times larger than the direct coupling of the UV-LED. Due to the excellent beam collimation effect of the lens assembly, the background interference was only 1 ppm. In addition, the DPAC gathered the merits of doubling the PA signal and reducing the flow noise interference. The analysis of Allan-Werle deviation showed that the detection limit of SO2 was 1.3 ppb with the averaging time of 100 s.
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15
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Zhang B, Jiang J, Zhang X, Jia Y, Zhu X, Shi Y. Low-frequency Resonant Photoacoustic Gas Sensor by Employing Hollow Core Fiber-Based O-Shaped Multipass Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12811-12818. [PMID: 37583123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A low-frequency flexible resonant photoacoustic (PA) gas sensor using an O-shaped multipass cell is demonstrated. The PA sensor employed a flexible gradually tapered leaky hollow core fiber (LHCF). The LHCF was bent to be an end-to-end structure to make full use of the incident light. Additionally, the two ends of the LHCF were put inside a single buffer chamber, yielding an equivalent H-type acoustic resonator. The geometric size was reduced thanks to the bending structure. The geometric length of the LHCF was 500 mm. A micro-electro-mechanical-systems electrical microphone was installed at the center of the resonant tube to detect the PA signal. The proposed PA gas sensor exhibited a first-order longitudinal resonance frequency of 408 Hz. Trace acetylene (C2H2) was used as the target gas. The minimum detectable limit was calculated to be 25.8 parts-per-billion (ppb) with an average time of 400 s, which was 1.93 times higher than that of a single-pass PA gas sensor. The normalized noise-equivalent absorption coefficient and the PA cell constant were calculated to be 9.6 × 10-9 W·cm-1·Hz-1/2 and 8295 Pa/W·cm-1, respectively. The PA gas sensor owns a low resonance frequency and can be used for detection of most of the polar gaseous molecules, especially suitable for gas molecules with a long V-T relation time, such as carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiachen Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yunjiang Jia
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Zhongshan - Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong Province, China
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16
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Zhang B, Jiang J, Zhang X, Zhu XS, Shi Y. Flexible Hollow Core Fiber Photoacoustic Gas Sensor Based on Embedded Acoustic Resonant Structure. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12761-12767. [PMID: 37593845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate a flexible leaky hollow core fiber (LHCF) photoacoustic (PA) gas sensor based on an embedded acoustic resonant structure. The sensor employs a part of a gas conduit as the buffer chamber to construct an equivalent T-type half-open PA cell. The LHCF is installed inside of the gas conduit and the LHCF is hence replaceable. Also, the flexibility of the LHCF and the gas conduit make the gas sensor flexible to reduce spatial size. The inner diameter and length of the LHCF are 1.6 mm and 70 mm, respectively. The inner diameter and length of the gas conduit are 4 mm and 210 mm, respectively. The total gas volume of the sensor is only ∼2.6 mL. Trace acetylene (C2H2) is selected as the target gas to evaluate the performance of the PA gas sensor. A near-infrared distributed feedback (DFB) laser is utilized to generate the PA signal, and an electrical micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) microphone is employed to extract the PA signal. The experimental results show that the minimum detection limit (MDL) can be as low as 21.1 ppb when the lock-in integration time is 200 s. And the normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) is calculated to be 5.7 × 10-9·W/cm-1·Hz-1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiachen Jiang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao-Song Zhu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yiwei Shi
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
- Zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China
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17
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Li K, Niu C, Wu C, Yu Y, Ma Y. Development of a 2 μm Solid-State Laser for Lidar in the Past Decade. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7024. [PMID: 37631561 PMCID: PMC10458207 DOI: 10.3390/s23167024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The 2 μm wavelength belongs to the eye-safe band and has a wide range of applications in the fields of lidar, biomedicine, and materials processing. With the rapid development of military, wind power, sensing, and other industries, new requirements for 2 μm solid-state laser light sources have emerged, especially in the field of lidar. This paper focuses on the research progress of 2 μm solid-state lasers for lidar over the past decade. The technology and performance of 2 μm pulsed single longitudinal mode solid-state lasers, 2 μm seed solid-state lasers, and 2 μm high power solid-state lasers are, respectively, summarized and analyzed. This paper also introduces the properties of gain media commonly used in the 2 μm band, the construction method of new bonded crystals, and the fabrication method of saturable absorbers. Finally, the future prospects of 2 μm solid-state lasers for lidar are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunting Wu
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (K.L.); (C.N.); (Y.Y.); (Y.M.)
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18
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Chen W, Qiao S, Lang Z, Jiang J, He Y, Shi Y, Ma Y. Hollow-waveguide-based light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy sensing. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:3989-3992. [PMID: 37527100 DOI: 10.1364/ol.497685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, a hollow waveguide (HWG)-based light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) gas sensing is proposed. An HWG with a length of 65 cm and inner diameter of 4 mm was used as the light transmission medium and gas chamber. The inner wall of the HWG was coated with a silver (Ag) film to improve reflectivity. Compared with the usually used multi-pass cell (MPC), the HWG has many advantages, such as small size, simple structure and fast filling. Compared with a hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (HC-ARF), the HWG has the merits of easy optical coupling, high system stability, and wide transmission range. A diode laser with output wavelength of 1.53 µm and a quantum cascade laser (QCL) with output wavelength of 4.58 µm were selected as the sources of excitation to target acetylene (C2H2) and carbon monoxide (CO), respectively, to verify the performance of the HWG-based LITES sensor in the near-infrared and mid-infrared regions. The experimental results showed that the HWG-based LITES sensor had a great linear responsiveness to the target gas concentration. The minimum detection limit (MDL) for C2H2 and CO was 6.07 ppm and 98.66 ppb, respectively.
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19
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Fan E, Liu H, Wang C, Ma J, Guan BO. Compact optical fiber photoacoustic gas sensor with integrated multi-pass cell. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 32:100524. [PMID: 37448558 PMCID: PMC10336158 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical fiber acoustic sensors with miniature size and high sensitivity are attractive to develop compact photoacoustic spectroscopy. Here, a compact photoacoustic gas sensor was demonstrated by utilizing a diaphragm-based fiber-optic Fabry-Perot cavity as both the acoustic sensor and the multipass cell. A nanoscale graphite film was used as the flexible diaphragm to increase the acoustic sensitivity of the Fabry-Perot cavity and the cavity inner surface was coated with highly-reflective Au film to form a multipass cell for amplification of the photoacoustic signal. With a laser power of 20 mW at 1532.8 nm, the sensor demonstrated a low detection limit of ∼ 50 ppb for C2H2 gas with an integration time of ∼ 100 s. The optical fiber photoacoustic gas sensor with a millimeter-scale diameter and ppb-level detection limit is promising for trace gas sensing in various areas including industrial process and environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Haojie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Chao Wang
- The Center for Smart Sensing System, Julong College, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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20
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Lou C, Dai J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu X, Ma Y. Highly sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy oxygen sensor with co-coupling photoelectric and thermoelastic effect of quartz tuning fork. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100515. [PMID: 37252649 PMCID: PMC10220281 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES) gas detection method based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite-coated quartz tuning fork (QTF) was proposed. By coating CH3NH3PbI3 thin film on the surface of ordinary QTF, a Schottky junction with silver electrodes was formed. The co-coupling of photoelectric effect and thermoelastic effect of CH3NH3PbI3-QTF results in a significant improvement in detection performance. The oxygen (O2) was select as the target analyte for measurement, and experimental results show that compared with the commercial standard QTF, the introduction of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite Schottky junction increases the 2f signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by ∼106 times and ∼114 times, respectively. The minimum detection limit (MDL) of this LITES system is 260 ppm, and the corresponding normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) is 9.21 × 10-13 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2. The Allan analysis of variance results indicate that when the average time is 564 s, the detection sensitivity can reach 83 ppm. This is the first time that QTF resonance detection has been combined with perovskite Schottky junctions for highly sensitive optical gas detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunguang Lou
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jialiang Dai
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiuling Liu
- College of Electronic Information and Engineering & Hebei Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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21
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Olivieri M, Giglio M, Dello Russo S, Menduni G, Zifarelli A, Patimisco P, Sampaolo A, Wu H, Dong L, Spagnolo V. Assessment of vibrational-translational relaxation dynamics of in a wet-nitrogen matrix through QEPAS. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100518. [PMID: 37325395 PMCID: PMC10265511 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we report on a study of the non-radiative relaxation dynamic of 12CH4 and 13CH4 in wet nitrogen-based matrixes by using the quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) technique. The dependence of the QEPAS signal on pressure at fixed matrix composition and on H2O concentration at fixed pressure was investigated. We demonstrated that QEPAS measurements can be used to retrieve both the effective relaxation rate in the matrix, and the V-T relaxation rate associated to collisions with nitrogen and water vapor. No significant differences in measured relaxation rates were observed between the two isotopologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Olivieri
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico and University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Marilena Giglio
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Stefano Dello Russo
- Italian Space Agency (ASI), Centro di geodesia Spaziale “Giuseppe Colombo”, Matera, Italy
| | - Giansergio Menduni
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico and University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Zifarelli
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico and University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Patimisco
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico and University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Sampaolo
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico and University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Hongpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Vincenzo Spagnolo
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico and University of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
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22
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Li B, Menduni G, Giglio M, Patimisco P, Sampaolo A, Zifarelli A, Wu H, Wei T, Spagnolo V, Dong L. Quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) and Beat Frequency-QEPAS techniques for air pollutants detection: A comparison in terms of sensitivity and acquisition time. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100479. [PMID: 37255964 PMCID: PMC10225917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comparison between Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (QEPAS) and Beat Frequency-QEPAS (BF-QEPAS) techniques for environmental monitoring of pollutants is reported. A spectrophone composed of a T-shaped Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) coupled with resonator tubes was employed as a detection module. An interband cascade laser has been used as an exciting source, allowing the targeting of two NO absorption features, located at 1900.07 cm-1 and 1900.52 cm-1, and a water vapor absorption feature, located at 1901.76 cm-1. Minimum detection limits of 90 ppb and 180 ppb were achieved with QEPAS and BF-QEPAS techniques, respectively, for NO detection. The capability to detect multiple components in the same gas mixture using BF-QEPAS was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Giansergio Menduni
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Marilena Giglio
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Patimisco
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Sampaolo
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Zifarelli
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Hongpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Tingting Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Vincenzo Spagnolo
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- PolySense Lab - Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, University and Politecnico of Bari, Via Amendola 173, Bari, Italy
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Ma Q, Li L, Gao Z, Tian S, Yu J, Du X, Qiao Y, Shan C. Near-infrared sensitive differential Helmholtz-based hydrogen sulfide photoacoustic sensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:14851-14861. [PMID: 37157340 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared (NIR) sub-ppm level photoacoustic sensor for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using a differential Helmholtz resonator (DHR) as the photoacoustic cell (PAC) was presented. The core detection system was composed of a NIR diode laser with a center wavelength of 1578.13 nm, an Erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) with an output power of ∼120 mW, and a DHR. Finite element simulation software was used to analyze the influence of the DHR parameters on the resonant frequency and acoustic pressure distribution of the system. Through simulation and comparison, the volume of the DHR was 1/16 that of the conventional H-type PAC for a similar resonant frequency. The performance of the photoacoustic sensor was evaluated after optimizing the DHR structure and modulation frequency. The experimental results showed that the sensor had an excellent linear response to the gas concentration and the minimum detection limit (MDL) for H2S detection in differential mode can reach 460.8 ppb.
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Chen Y, Liang T, Qiao S, Ma Y. A Miniaturized 3D-Printed Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Sensor for Methane Detection with a High-Power Diode Laser. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4034. [PMID: 37112375 PMCID: PMC10142101 DOI: 10.3390/s23084034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this invited paper, a highly sensitive methane (CH4) trace gas sensor based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) technique using a high-power diode laser and a miniaturized 3D-printed acoustic detection unit (ADU) is demonstrated for the first time. A high-power diode laser emitting at 6057.10 cm-1 (1650.96 nm), with the optical power up to 38 mW, was selected as the excitation source to provide a strong excitation. A 3D-printed ADU, including the optical and photoacoustic detection elements, had a dimension of 42 mm, 27 mm, and 8 mm in length, width, and height, respectively. The total weight of this 3D-printed ADU, including all elements, was 6 g. A quartz tuning fork (QTF) with a resonant frequency and Q factor of 32.749 kHz and 10,598, respectively, was used as an acoustic transducer. The performance of the high-power diode laser-based CH4-QEPAS sensor, with 3D-printed ADU, was investigated in detail. The optimum laser wavelength modulation depth was found to be 0.302 cm-1. The concentration response of this CH4-QEPAS sensor was researched when the CH4 gas sample, with different concentration samples, was adopted. The obtained results showed that this CH4-QEPAS sensor had an outstanding linear concentration response. The minimum detection limit (MDL) was found to be 14.93 ppm. The normalized noise equivalent absorption (NNEA) coefficient was obtained as 2.20 × 10-7 cm-1W/Hz-1/2. A highly sensitive CH4-QEPAS sensor, with a small volume and light weight of ADU, is advantageous for the real applications. It can be portable and carried on some platforms, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a balloon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shunda Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yufei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Tunable Laser, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Wang Z, Ma Y, Yuan B, Wu C, Li C, Sun S. Development of Laser Processing Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3659. [PMID: 37050719 PMCID: PMC10098682 DOI: 10.3390/s23073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Due to its exceptional advantages, such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, and good fatigue resistance, carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is frequently utilized in aerospace, aviation, automotive, rail transportation, and other areas. Composite components typically need to be joined and integrated. In the equipment manufacturing industry, the most used methods for processing composite components are cutting, drilling, and surface treatment. The quality of CFRP is significantly impacted by traditional mechanical processing, causing flaws like delamination, burrs, and tears. Laser processing technology has emerged as a crucial method for processing CFRP for its high quality, non-contact, simple control, and automation features. The most recent research on the laser processing of CFRP is presented in this paper, supporting scientists and engineers who work in the field in using this unconventional manufacturing technique. This paper gives a general overview of the key features of laser processing technology and the numerous machining techniques available. The concepts and benefits of laser processing technology are discussed in terms of the material properties, mode of operation, and laser characteristics, as well as the methods to achieve high efficiency, low damage, and high precision. This paper reviews the research development of laser processing of carbon-fiber-reinforced plastics, and a summary of the factors affecting the quality of CFRP laser processing. Therefore, the research content of this article can be used as a theoretical basis for reducing thermal damage and improving the processing quality of laser-processed composite materials, while, on this basis, we analyze the development trend of CFRP laser processing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghe Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Z.W.); (Y.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yao Ma
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Z.W.); (Y.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Boshi Yuan
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Z.W.); (Y.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Chunting Wu
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (Z.W.); (Y.M.); (B.Y.)
| | - Changqing Li
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Shuwei Sun
- Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Beijing 100012, China
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