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Klerks M, Dumitrescu R, De Caluwé E. The relationship between the Dark Triad and academic burnout mediated by perfectionistic self-presentation. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 250:104499. [PMID: 39303584 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with dark personality traits are more prone to burnout, but this was not yet investigated in academia. Perfectionistic self-presentation (PSPS), an interpersonal expression of perfectionism, could be an explaining factor. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the dark triad (Machiavellianism, vulnerable and grandiose narcissism, and psychopathy) and academic burnout, and whether the PSPS total score and its dimensions (perfectionistic self-promotion, nondisplay of imperfection, and nondisclosure of imperfection) mediates this. We expected that higher dark triad traits would be associated with higher academic burnout and that this would be explained by higher PSPS. Hypotheses included expectations for each PSPS dimension as well. Questionnaires were completed by 304 bachelor/master students (Mage = 22.81 years). Mediations were performed for each dark triad trait with total PSPS and each of its dimensions separately as mediator, and academic burnout as dependent variable. Total PSPS and almost all of its dimensions positively and significantly mediated the relation between Machiavellianism as well as psychopathy and academic burnout (small effect sizes). In contrast, only the PSPS dimension nondisplay of imperfection was a significant, positive mediator of the relation between grandiose narcissism and academic burnout (medium effect size). The other mediations with grandiose or vulnerable narcissism were non-significant. Future research should investigate this further, for instance by using the standard dark triad scales. Finally, this study offers insights for interventions and prevention of academic burnout by highlighting the unique impact of each dark triad trait. For example, those high on Machiavellianism may benefit from tools to deal with cynicism and perfectionism, ultimately lowering the risk for academic burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Klerks
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, the Netherlands.
| | - Roberta Dumitrescu
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Elien De Caluwé
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, the Netherlands.
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Dumitrescu R, De Caluwé E. Individual differences in the impostor phenomenon and its relevance in higher education in terms of burnout, generalized anxiety, and fear of failure. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 249:104445. [PMID: 39116465 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Few theoretical and empirical works have described impostor phenomenon (IP) and no study explored impostorism from a dark perspective. We adopted a person-centered approach to identify clusters of impostors based on scores on the IP, perfectionistic self-presentation and the Dark Triad using a sample of 306 university students (Mage = 22.82). The latent profile analysis suggested a 6-cluster solution, which was further compared in terms of psychopathology symptoms (i.e., burnout, generalized anxiety, and fear of failure) by means of (M)ANOVAs. Our results indicated that impostorism relies on a self-presentation strategy. Moreover, individuals scoring high on IP experienced enhanced levels of psychopathology symptoms. Looking at IP from a continuum perspective might improve our understanding about what makes someone suffer from impostorism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Dumitrescu
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Elien De Caluwé
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, the Netherlands.
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Sommantico M, Postiglione J, Fenizia E, Parrello S. Procrastination, Perfectionism, Narcissistic Vulnerability, and Psychological Well-Being in Young Adults: An Italian Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1056. [PMID: 39200666 PMCID: PMC11353843 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Procrastination is generally regarded as a dysfunctional tendency to postpone tasks, due to its consequences on performance and psychological well-being. Previous research has indicated that it is linked to perfectionism and narcissism, but with mixed results. The present study explored the interaction between procrastination, perceived parental expectations, multidimensional perfectionism, and narcissism in a sample of 548 Italian young adults aged 18-35 years (M = 23.9; SD = 4.3). Participants completed an online survey consisting of a sociodemographic questionnaire and psychometric measures assessing the constructs of interest. The results showed that: (a) procrastination was positively correlated with socially prescribed perfectionism only, which, in turn, was positively correlated with perceived parental expectations and criticism, and both narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability; (b) perceived parental expectations and criticism and narcissistic vulnerability had a positive effect on socially prescribed perfectionism, while procrastination had a negative one; and (c) narcissistic vulnerability mediated the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism and procrastination. Taken together, the findings contribute to a better understanding of the link between procrastination, perfectionism, and narcissism in young adults, and highlight the relevance of contemporary parenting styles and the current sociocultural background for understanding dilatory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Sommantico
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Via Porta di Massa 1, 80133 Naples, Italy; (J.P.); (E.F.); (S.P.)
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Abstract
Despite putative gender differences in the expression of narcissism, prominent theories have virtually dismissed the role of females in the development and manifestation of narcissism. The contention that narcissism is a pathology of the self that may partly differ in males and females is further evident in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The DSM-5 reports that up to 75% of those diagnosed with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) are men. Such figures suggest that the representation of narcissism as codified in the DSM-5 may only be marginally applicable to females, given its prominent focus and nature on capturing grandiose themes which closely resemble commonly masculine norms. The overemphasis on grandiose features extends to the empirical literature which defines narcissism as a normative personality trait and is widely assessed using the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), on which males obtain significantly higher scores than females. As this review will demonstrate, one limitation frequently occurring in the literature is the attempt to comprehend narcissistic manifestations in females through the lens of what has commonly been defined as narcissism (DSM/NPI). In this review, the literature concerning the diagnostic assessment and conceptualisation of narcissistic personality disorder, aetiological factors, aggression, and partner violence perpetration will be discussed in relation to the importance of gender. This is followed by a review of existing gaps in theory and research, and suggestions for fruitful directions that can aid a richer and more meaningful literature on narcissism inclusive of gender issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Green
- City University of London, Department of Psychology, London, UK
| | - Rory MacLean
- Edinburgh Napier University, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathy Charles
- Nottingham Trent University, Centre for Academic Development and Quality, Nottingham, UK
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Gender moderates relationships between pathological narcissism and intrinsic-extrinsic emotion regulation strategies. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02985-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Stoeber J, Smith MM, Saklofske DH, Sherry SB. Perfectionism and interpersonal problems revisited. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Piotrowski K. Child-oriented and partner-oriented perfectionism explain different aspects of family difficulties. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236870. [PMID: 32813732 PMCID: PMC7437722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to verify the relationship between child-oriented and partner-oriented perfectionism, and their associations with narcissism and with difficulties in the romantic and parental domains. A total of 459 individuals participated, 264 women and 195 men (Mage = 33.88, SD = 4.39). Child-oriented perfectionism and partner-oriented perfectionism were related to each other and positively correlated with narcissism. Partner-oriented perfectionism turned out to be a specific predictor of difficulties in the romantic relations, whereas child-oriented perfectionism was found to be a predictor of difficulties in parental relation. The results suggest that studies on other-oriented perfectionism should take into consideration concrete individuals at whom perfectionistic expectations are directed (e.g. partner and children). This will enable a more precise investigation of the influence of perfectionism on family life and a better understanding of the social consequences of other-oriented perfectionism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Piotrowski
- Institute of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poznań, Poland
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Hemmati A, Weiss B, Mirani A, Rezaei F, Miller JD. Examining the Contribution of Perfectionistic Traits to the Construct Validity of the DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorder. J Pers Disord 2020:1-18. [PMID: 32250207 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2020_34_476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Scholars of perfectionism have proposed significant modifications to DSM-5's alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD), such that (1) perfectionism be expanded beyond the inclusion of a singular trait-rigid perfectionism-and (2) perfectionistic traits be specified as trait descriptors of personality disorders (PDs) other than obsessive-compulsive PD. In this study, we evaluate these proposals by examining the degree to which (a) perfectionistic traits are already instantiated in Section II and Section III models of personality pathology; and (b) perfectionistic traits meaningfully augment the construct validity of AMPD PDs. We conducted these approaches in a large sample (N =3D 435) from an Iranian undergraduate population that is atypically found in the literature. Results showed that perfectionistic traits are already fairly well instantiated in Section III Criterion B. Perfectionistic traits minimally improved the construct validity of OCPD, but did not meaningfully do so for other PDs. Future investigation into the clinical utility of perfectionistic traits is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Farzin Rezaei
- Neurosciences Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Casale S, Fioravanti G, Baldi V, Flett GL, Hewitt PL. Narcissism, perfectionistic self-presentation, and relationship satisfaction from a dyadic perspective. SELF AND IDENTITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2019.1707272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Virginia Baldi
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gordon L. Flett
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul L. Hewitt
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Lozano LM, Valor-Segura I, García-Cueto E, Pedrosa I, Llanos A, Lozano L. Relationship Between Child Perfectionism and Psychological Disorders. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1855. [PMID: 31555161 PMCID: PMC6742684 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Perfectionism is one of the variables related to the correct emotional development or with the appearance of clinical symptomatology in childhood. A study has been designed to evaluate the differential effect that each dimension of perfectionism (external pressure, self-exigency, and negative self-evaluation) has in a Spanish children sample of general population for each of the following clinical aspects: irritability, worthlessness feelings, thinking problems, and psychophysiological symptoms. Method: By a random cluster sampling, a total of 2,636 children from 8 to 12 years (M = 9.9, SD = 1.2; 51.3% boys) took part in this research. A serial multiple mediators model was used to check the relation between external pressure over the clinical symptoms through self-exigency and negative-self-evaluation. Results: The results have shown a predictive effect of external pressure over a great variety of clinical symptomatology (irritability, worthlessness, thinking problems, and psychophysiological symptoms), a relation mediated by self-exigency and negative self-evaluation. These relations suggest that external pressure and negative self-evaluation are maladaptive dimensions as they predict the appearance of symptomatology, being the level of self-exigency a protective dimension and favoring the child's positive development. Conclusions: In consequence, these results point to the importance of the study of these variables that can generate difficulties in childhood in order to improve children's quality of life and their correct development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Lozano
- Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Mind, Brain and Behavioral Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Valor-Segura
- Mind, Brain and Behavioral Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Pedrosa
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Kilmen S, Arikan S. The Big Three Perfectionism Scale: Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance in a Turkish Sample. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282919846030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfectionism is a crucial concept in psychology as perfectionism has been found to be related to many important factors affecting daily and academic life. Many researchers have tried to measure perfectionism since 1980. Following an extensive literature review, Smith, Saklofske, Stoeber, and Sherry developed a new perfectionism scale called Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS). The present study addressed the validation study of the BTPS in Turkish sample. The factor structure of the BTPS and measurement invariance across gender groups was tested with the Turkish sample. The BTPS was administered to 609 undergraduate students studying in different departments. Reliability analyses showed that the Turkish version of the scale had an excellent internal consistency. Data from Turkey demonstrated acceptable fit to the three-factor, 10-facet structure of BTPS. The results also indicated that there was no significant difference between fit indexes of configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender.
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De Cuyper K, Hermans D, Pieters G, Claes L, Vansteelandt K. Indirect and direct measures of striving for perfection moderate body mass index curves in the intensive treatment of anorexia nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2018; 27:86-96. [PMID: 30009415 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen De Cuyper
- University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Hermans
- KU Leuven Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guido Pieters
- KU Leuven Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laurence Claes
- KU Leuven Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
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Furman CR, Luo S, Pond RS. A perfect blame: Conflict-promoting attributions mediate the association between perfectionism and forgiveness in romantic relationships. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chen C, Hewitt PL, Flett GL. Ethnic variations in other-oriented perfectionism's associations with depression and suicide behaviour. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Smith MM, Sherry SB, Chen S, Saklofske DH, Flett GL, Hewitt PL. Perfectionism and narcissism: A meta-analytic review. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Casale S, Fioravanti G, Rugai L, Flett GL, Hewitt PL. The interpersonal expression of perfectionism among grandiose and vulnerable narcissists: Perfectionistic self-presentation, effortless perfection, and the ability to seem perfect. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Casale S, Fioravanti G, Rugai L. Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissists: Who Is at Higher Risk for Social Networking Addiction? CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2016; 19:510-5. [PMID: 27362922 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Scholars have recently taken an interest in the connection between narcissism and Internet use, especially among users who frequent social networking sites (SNSs). Conversely, the association between narcissism and problematic use of SNSs (i.e., unregulated use that leads to negative outcomes) has been scarcely investigated. This study addresses this gap by comparing the mean levels of problematic use of SNSs among grandiose narcissists, vulnerable narcissists, and non-narcissists. A sample of 535 students completed the 16-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale, and the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 (GPIUS2). Vulnerable narcissists reported (a) significant higher levels on all GPIUS2 subscales and total scores than non-narcissists and (b) a stronger preference for online social interactions and higher overall levels of problematic use of SNSs than grandiose narcissists. Conversely, no significant differences were found between grandiose narcissists and non-narcissists. This study suggests that vulnerable narcissism may contribute more to problematic use of SNSs than grandiose narcissism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Rugai
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology and Psychiatry Unit, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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Wallace HM, Scheiner BRM, Grotzinger A. Grandiose Narcissism Predicts Willingness to Behave Badly, Without Proportional Tolerance for Others’ Bad Behavior. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-016-9410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Besser A, Zeigler-Hill V, Weinberg M, Pincus AL. Do great expectations lead to great disappointments? Pathological narcissism and the evaluation of vacation experiences. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nealis LJ, Sherry SB, Sherry DL, Stewart SH, Macneil MA. Toward a better understanding of narcissistic perfectionism: Evidence of factorial validity, incremental validity, and mediating mechanisms. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Wallace HM, Grotzinger A, Howard TJ, Parkhill N. When People Evaluate Others, the Level of Others’ Narcissism Matters Less to Evaluators Who Are Narcissistic. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550615587985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have documented how people in general respond to others’ narcissism, but existing research offers few clues about whether and how evaluator narcissism influences judgments of traits associated with narcissism. Participants completed the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and then evaluated hypothetical target persons. Target narcissism was conveyed through a single trait description (Study 1), a list of traits (Study 2), or Facebook content (Study 3). Narcissistic qualities were reliably viewed unfavorably, but narcissistic participants were comparatively less bothered by target narcissism and less positive in their judgments of targets without narcissistic qualities. In each study, symptoms of the presence or absence of narcissism had less impact on the social judgments of participants who were narcissistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry M. Wallace
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Tyler J. Howard
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Nousha Parkhill
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
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How Other-Oriented Perfectionism Differs from Self-Oriented and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism: Further Findings. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-015-9485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Self-presentation styles and Problematic use of Internet communicative services: The role of the concerns over behavioral displays of imperfection. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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