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Apró A, Fejes N, Bandi SA, Járai R. Investigating the effect of grit trait on performance and success in Hungarian athlete's sample. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1283115. [PMID: 38680277 PMCID: PMC11048980 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1283115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study is to translate the Grit questionnaire into Hungarian and validate specifically within the context of sports. The second goal is to assess the questionnaire in Hungarian as a pilot study in the athlete population and to compare the grit trait with the coaches' athlete evaluation. Methods Two hundred and sixty nine athletes, including 40 national team players, took part in the study, with an average age of 18.17 years (SD = 5.51). For the preliminary assessment, the Cloninger Temperament and Character Questionnaire (TCI-RH) was used; the coaches' athlete evaluation was modeled on a talent map. Results The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the fit of the two-factor structure, and the internal reliability of the questionnaire scales also proved to be adequate. 2. There is no relationship between adolescents' perceived grit and coach ratings. 3. The national team players achieved a higher grit score. Conclusion Based on the psychometric indicators, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire proved to be adequate. Therefore, it is applicable and useful for psychological practitioners and researchers in the Hungarian population within the context of sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Apró
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Center for basketball methodology and education, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Fejes
- Doctoral School of the Institute of Psychology, Applied Psychology Programme, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs A. Bandi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Járai
- Department of Cognitive and Evolutionary Psychology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Cormier DL, Ferguson LJ, Gyurcsik NC, Briere JL, Mosewich AD, Kowalski KC. A quantitative assessment of the predictive utility of grit in sport. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102540. [PMID: 37775064 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In high-performance sport, an athlete's ability to overcome setbacks and sustain their pursuit of long-term goals is essential for success. Grit (i.e., passion and perseverance over long-terms) has been linked to success in a variety of domains but is often critiqued for its limited predictive utility when compared to other psychological variables including self-control, conscientiousness, and mental toughness. The purpose of this study was to examine whether grit predicted important athlete outcomes (i.e., various measures of sport performance and athlete well-being) beyond other determinants of success. Data from 214 collegiate student-athletes (111 women, 103 men; Mage = 21.02, SD = 2.26) from Western Canadian universities were analysed. When predicting performance, the addition of the grit subscales (i.e., consistency of interests, perseverance of effort, adaptability to situations) explained an additional 11% of variance (R2 = 0.37, F[7, 203] = 7.16, p < .001) beyond self-control, conscientiousness, and mental toughness in subjective sport performance perceptions; however, grit did not add unique variance when entered into models predicting athlete goal achievement perceptions or highest level of competition. When predicting well-being, addition of the grit subscales added 18% of unique variance (R2 = 0.43, F[7, 203] = 21.43, p < .001) beyond other determinants of success in eudaimonic well-being, and 5% (R2 = 0.17, F[7, 203] = 6.95, p < .001) in satisfaction with sport, but did not add any unique variance to the model predicting mood. The partial support of the predictive utility of grit illustrates the complexity of forecasting success in sport and offers evidence that grit should continue to be studied as a motivational disposition in the domain of sport.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amber D Mosewich
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Canada
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3
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Chi X. The Influence of Presence Types on Learning Engagement in a MOOC: The Role of Autonomous Motivation and Grit. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:5169-5181. [PMID: 38146391 PMCID: PMC10749567 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s442794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We developed a research framework based on the community of inquiry theory to examine the relationship between three kinds of MOOC presence (teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence) and learning engagement. Further, we explored the mediating effect of autonomous motivation and the moderating role of grit in this relationship. Participants and Methods The online survey included a sample of N = 794 college students (46.473% male) between the ages of 18 and 20. The COI survey instrument, short grit scale, the Utrecht work engagement scale-student scale and academic self-regulation questionnaire were used to test hypotheses. Results The study results showed that all three MOOC presences (teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence) had significant positive relationship with learning engagement. Autonomous motivation had a mediating role in them. Also, the positive relationship between social presence, cognitive presence, and autonomous motivation was stronger for students with a higher level of grit. Conclusion This study enriches the literature on whether and how the presence knowledge of MOOC courses affects college students' learning engagement, and the complexity of MOOC environments determines that grit plays an indispensable role in the learning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chi
- Conservatory of Music, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Chuented P, Puranitee P, Pakakasama S, Meepanya S. Factors affecting residents' internal motivation, grit, and well-being. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:779. [PMID: 37858074 PMCID: PMC10588185 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Residents completing competency-based medical education for postgraduate training face many challenging situations that may compromise their well-being or result in exhaustion or burnout. Factors described in self-determination theory and grit are important for residents' achievement of learning outcomes and well-being. This study explored the relationships among internal motivation, grit, well-being, and related factors among non-Western Asian residents. METHODS We conducted an explanatory sequential mixed-methods survey-based study to explore correlations among satisfaction with basic psychological needs, grit, and well-being from September to November 2021 among residents at Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand. Data were collected with the Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Short Grit Scale, and World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index. Next, participants with the highest and lowest scores for each scale were purposively invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Interview data underwent thematic analysis and data collection continued until saturation was reached. RESULTS In total, 245 residents (51% major ward, 65% female) completed the survey. There were strong associations between internal motivation, grit, and well-being (r = 0.46-0.90). Female residents had higher autonomy and relatedness scores than males (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively), and residents with less family responsibility had higher relatedness scores than other residents (p = 0.01). Residents who got more sleep had higher autonomy, relatedness, and well-being scores than those that slept less (p < 0.05). Residents who exercised > 5 times/week had higher well-being scores than other residents (p < 0.01). Thirty residents completed interviews. The thematic analysis revealed internal motivation, grit, and well-being were promoted by a supportive learning environment, a well-designed curriculum, actions and personalities of faculty members, and good personal factors. CONCLUSION Internal motivation is significantly correlated with residents' grit, well-being, gender, family burdens, exercise, and sleep hours. Priority should be given to promoting internal motivation, grit, and well-being among residents by enhancing a positive learning environment, creating well-designed curricula, fostering good characteristics and actions among faculty members, and supporting residents' personal lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimwipa Chuented
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pongtong Puranitee
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Samart Pakakasama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suganda Meepanya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jung S, Shin YC, Lee MY, Oh KS, Shin DW, Kim ES, Kim MK, Jeon SW, Cho SJ. Occupational stress and depression of Korean employees: Moderated mediation model of burnout and grit. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:127-135. [PMID: 37437718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study investigated an interpersonal model of development of depressive symptoms in employees, where occupational stress affects burnout, which in turn affects risk for depression, and whether this mediation is moderated by grit. METHODS A total of 11,421 participants, aged 19 to 65 years, who were employees of 18 private companies and local government organizations in Korea were included. They completed questionnaires, including the Korean version of occupational stress scale, Oldenburg Burnout Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale and Grit scale. Mediation and moderation analyses were carried out in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences PROCESS macro. RESULTS The association between occupational stress and depressive symptoms was mediated by exhaustion (b = -0.256, 95 % CI [0.244, 0.268]) and disengagement (b = -0.052, 95 % CI [0.039, 0.065]). Moreover, the effect of exhaustion on depressive symptoms was moderated by each grit, with the effect being stronger for employees with low grit (b = 0.939, p < 0.001 for passion and b = 0.629, p < 0.001 for perseverance) than for those with high grit (b = 0.944, p < 0.001 for passion and b = 0.686, p < 0.001 for perseverance). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study does not allow causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute to the understanding of how occupational stress predicts depressive symptoms in the workplace and provide practical implications for preventing burnout and nurturing grit to protect employees' mental health in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sra Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seob Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, CHA University Ilsan CHA Hospital, CHA University School of Medicine, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Jeon
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Joon Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Workplace Mental Health Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ramos-Vera C, Soza-Herrera JJ, Quispe-Callo G, Serpa-Barrientos A, Calizaya-Milla YE, Saintila J. Structure and factorial invariance of the Grit-Original scale and convergent validity of the network with job satisfaction and happiness. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1234594. [PMID: 37637915 PMCID: PMC10447891 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1234594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of Grit refers to a person's ability to maintain perseverance and passion in the pursuit of long-term objectives. However, research on the applicability of the Grit-Original scale (Grit-O) in the Latin American context is limited. Objective This instrumental design study aimed to analyze the structure of this scale and its factorial invariance in relation to gender, as well as to examine its convergent validity with job satisfaction and happiness. Methods A sample of 364 Peruvian workers that were selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling in 2021. Results The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the two-dimensional structure of 12 items presented adequate goodness-of-fit indices. Additionally, the instrument is invariant between men and women. Likewise, the convergent relationship between the Grit scale, job satisfaction, and happiness variables was confirmed, which supports the validity of the instrument in the study context. Conclusion The findings of the study confirm that the GRIT-O is a measure with adequate psychometric properties in the Peruvian context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gleni Quispe-Callo
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
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Datu JAD, Buenconsejo JU, Shek CYC. Grit, academic engagement in math and science, and well-being outcomes in children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study in Hong Kong and Macau. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2023; 44:489-512. [PMID: 38603326 PMCID: PMC9892874 DOI: 10.1177/01430343221147273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence showing that the triarchic model of grit and its dimensions (i.e., perseverance of effort, consistency of interests, and adaptability to situations) predict engagement and well-being outcomes in high school and undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. However, there has been limited research on how this model of grit relates to engagement and optimal psychological outcomes in primary school students. This research investigates the association of grit's dimensions with academic engagement in math and science as well as well-being outcomes (i.e., positive emotions, negative emotions, and flourishing) in primary school students. Participants were primary school students (Mage = 10.42; SDage = 1.26) from Hong Kong (n = 279) and Macau (n = 124). Results showed that perseverance of effort positively predicted cognitive and behavioral engagement in math as well as positive emotions even after controlling for demographic covariates (i.e., age, gender, setting, and year level), conscientiousness, and achievement goal orientations. Adaptability to situations positively predicted cognitive and social engagement in math and flourishing. Consistency of interests negatively predicted both cognitive engagement in science and negative emotions. Indeed, this study indicates that perseverance and adaptability may facilitate children's positive academic and psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jet U. Buenconsejo
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheuk Ying Cherry Shek
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Casali N, Feraco T, Meneghetti C. Keep going, keep growing: A longitudinal analysis of grit, posttraumatic growth, and life satisfaction in school students under COVID-19. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023:102320. [PMID: 37366479 PMCID: PMC10288321 DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2023.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted students' daily life, but grit could have sustained students' wellbeing by helping them work hard and stay goal-oriented over time despite adversity. Gritty students may also have interpreted COVID-19-related adversity as an opportunity to grow, thus displaying higher levels of post-traumatic growth. In this study, 445 students in grades 6-12 (160 males, Mage = 14.25, SDage = 2.11) completed measures of grit and life satisfaction at the beginning (Time 1) and at the end (Time 2) of the school year, together with a measure of posttraumatic growth. A longitudinal SEM model shows that perseverance positively relates to posttraumatic growth, indirectly favoring life satisfaction at Time 2. In conclusion, perseverance, rather than consistency, appeared to have sustained students' positive adjustment to the COVID-19 pandemic. Teaching students how to nurture this quality can have important beneficial effects for their wellbeing under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Casali
- Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tommaso Feraco
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Meneghetti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Zhang R, Gao S, Dou G. Preliminary revision of the Physical Education Grit Scale in Chinese athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1136872. [PMID: 36998372 PMCID: PMC10043174 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1136872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The work aimed to revise the Physical Education Grit Scale (PE-Grit) applicable to Chinese athletes. Methods Five hundred and thirty-eight professional athletes from Chinese sports colleges and provincial sports teams were selected by cluster random sampling. Then, the PE-Grit was analyzed for project analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion-related validity analysis, and reliability analysis. Results Independent sample t-test and item-total correlation analysis of the questions showed that 16 items of the scale had good discrimination. According to the confirmatory factor analysis model, the factor structure consisted of 2 subscales and 4 dimensions (χ2/df = 1.827; CFI = 0.961; TLI = 0.953; IFI = 0.961; RMSEA = 0.051). Moreover, Cronbach's α of the total scale and the 4 dimensions were between 0.751 and 0.865. A significant positive correlation existed between the PE-Grit, and self-control, which showed good criterion-related validity. Conclusion Revised PE-Grit can measure Chinese athletes' physical education grit for its good reliability and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfang Zhang
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shenmao Gao
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guangbo Dou
- College of Kinesiology, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
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Adapt, Explore, or Keep Going? The Role of Adaptability, Curiosity, and Perseverance in a Network of Study-Related Factors and Scholastic Success. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11020034. [PMID: 36826932 PMCID: PMC9961024 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft skills are the key characteristics for students' success and wellbeing in the 21st century, but they were only rarely studied contemporarily or integrated into comprehensive models of self-regulated learning. This makes it difficult to understand the role that specific skills have above and beyond the others and how they work together to favor students' achievement and life satisfaction. For this reason, in a sample of 585 students (10-18 years old), we applied an exploratory network analysis and studied three crucial soft skills (i.e., adaptability, curiosity, and perseverance) and their contemporary network of inter-relationships with a host of functional study-related factors, including self-regulated learning strategies, motivation, emotions, cognitive abilities, academic achievement, and life and school satisfaction. Results show that the three soft skills play a positive role within the school context through their association with the majority of the study-related factors that mediate their relationships with academic achievement. Importantly, the results differentiated adaptability (which mainly relates with wellbeing and emotional variables), perseverance (which relates with the cognitive and behavioral aspect of learning), and curiosity (which bridges the connection between the other skills and relates with emotional and behavioral variables) in the school context. Overall, these findings contribute to the deepening of the theoretical framework on soft skills and their role as part of a successful learning profile, and inform us about the possible effectiveness of intervention on soft skills for students' achievement and wellbeing.
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Terry D, Peck B, Biangone M. Changes in grit and psychological capital at the time of major crisis: nursing students' perseverance, resources, and resilience. Int J Nurs Educ Scholarsh 2023; 20:ijnes-2022-0114. [PMID: 37115948 DOI: 10.1515/ijnes-2022-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine changes in grit and psychological capital among nursing students prior to, during the height of the pandemic, and more than 12 months after the initial pandemic announcement. METHODS A cross-sectional study design addressed the aim of the study. Nursing students undertaking a three-year baccalaureate degree between 2019 and 2021 were included. RESULTS Mean grit levels among the n=818 unique student participants were significantly lower in 2020 than in 2019 and 2021; however, no significant difference was detected for psychological capital over the same period. CONCLUSIONS Although normative day-to-day challenges may aid grit development, a major event has a negative impact yet has a buffering effect of negative life events at the time of a crisis. The study further placates that psychological capital remains malleable and open to change at the time of a crisis and may be an essential mechanism to mediate grit and has the capacity to influence student performance over time. It remains essential to develop grit through the mediating elements of psychological capital to enable nursing student to undertake academic studies, particularly in the event of major challenges, such approaches may further enable students' endurance to withstand major crises as they enter the workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Terry
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Blake Peck
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Mt Helen, VIC, Australia
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Lim HJ, Lee S. How Grit-S Items Work in Measuring Growth: Focusing on Item Discrimination and Sensitivity to Change. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07342829221139344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how sensitively the current grit measure (Grit-S) is able to reflect the differences between individuals (i.e. item discrimination) and change within individuals (i.e. sensitivity to change of items) using longitudinal data. Data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Study 2018 of elementary (fourth grade) and middle school (seventh grade) cohorts were analyzed. We compared a series of longitudinal factor models of change with an initial trait and a change in grit represented by latent traits. Results showed that the models hypothesizing two latent traits with respect to the two elements of grit (interest and effort) best fit the data. In the elementary school cohort, sensitivity to change was different from discriminating between-person differences at baseline. Meanwhile, in the middle school cohort, sensitivity to change was identical to discriminating between-person differences at baseline. The items having low discrimination and low sensitivity to change resulted in syntactical complexity and did not accurately reflect the trait that was intended to be measured. Despite the Grit-S being widely used for many years, it is suggested that researchers and educators should administer this measure at taking an individual’s change and school-level difference into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Lim
- Seoul National University of Education, Seocho-gu, Korea
| | - Sora Lee
- Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation, Jincheon-gun, Korea
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Khindri A, Rangnekar S. The Trait of Perseverance: A Literature Review and Future Research Directions. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.5406/19398298.135.3.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The concept of perseverance has always allured researchers because of its characterization as an elementary ingredient for success in personal and professional settings. However, past studies show that perseverance has been explored primarily in combination with other constructs, curtailing its development as a standalone concept. This article aims to identify distinct research streams associated with perseverance, reveal how the research associated with the concept has evolved, and identify some ideas and directions for future research. Using bibliometric analysis, the article identifies 3 distinct research streams and a contextual shift in literature over time. Also, emerging trends in the literature are identified through diachronic analysis. The future time perspective theory is suggested to further the research on perseverance.
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Tang H, Zhou S, Du X, Mo Q, Xing Q. Validating the Chinese Version of the Academic Grit Scale in Selected Adolescents. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07342829221129078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the factor structure, measurement invariance, criterion-related and incremental validity of the Chinese version of the Academic Grit Scale (AGS) among 723 adolescents from mainland China. Results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported the single-factor model, exhibiting scalar invariance across gender and partial scalar invariance across groups (i.e., middle and high school students). The AGS total score showed internal consistency and temporal stability when used one month later. Moreover, academic grit was shown to be positively correlated with academic achievement, general grit, and dimensional student engagement. Academic grit also predicted academic achievement after isolating the effects of the related variables (i.e., general grit and student engagement) and overlapping components of academic grit and the related variables. Overall, the Chinese version of the AGS demonstrated adequate reliability and validity and was shown to be a useful tool for examining academic grit in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, China
| | | | | | - Qiyun Mo
- Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Schmahl CAM, Nguyen J. Exploring Relationships Between Grit, Belonging, Institutional Compassion, Pandemic Stress, and Goal Progress Among Emerging Adult Post-Secondary Students. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2022; 10:1061-1071. [PMID: 38603300 PMCID: PMC9198360 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221094747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Grit and belonging are consistently important factors in emerging adult academic outcomes (Morrow & Ackermann, 2012). This study examines the role of grit (i.e., goal perseverance, consistency of interest, and adaptability), belonging (i.e., sense of fitting in and feeling valued), and perceived institutional compassion (i.e., care/support and resources for students in pandemic-related responses) in emerging adults' academic goal pursuits amid COVID-19 challenges. Emerging adult participants (age 18-24; N = 258) representing a diverse sample of traditional, full-time, undergraduate students across the United States (60% women; 47.31% White, 18.46% Black/African American, 17.31% Asian, 10.77% Hispanic/Latino/a/x), completed an online survey assessing pandemic-related stress, grit, belonging, goal pursuits, and the newly developed Institutional Compassion Scale (Schmahl, 2021). Unexpectedly, pandemic-related stress was unrelated to student assessments of their progress toward academic short- and long-term goals. But grit and belonging were associated with pandemic-related stress: high stress is associated with a weaker sense of belonging and with lower grit. Institutional compassion was associated with all three major study variables: grit, sense of belonging, and stress. Higher institutional compassion was associated with a greater sense of belonging and less pandemic-related stress. The importance of grit, belonging, and particularly institutional compassion are discussed as they pertain to emerging adults' perceptions of themselves as progressing toward their goals during stressful periods such as the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A. M. Schmahl
- Educational Psychology-Cognitive
and Developmental Sciences, University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jacqueline Nguyen
- Educational Psychology-Cognitive
and Developmental Sciences, University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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16
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Agrawal D, Chukkali S, Singh S. Antecedents and Consequences of Grit Among Working Adults: A Transpersonal Psychology Perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:896231. [PMID: 35865691 PMCID: PMC9295747 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.896231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive psychology has paved the way for newer and more informed ideas of living a meaningful, integrated and well-rounded quality of living. The current era of the pandemic has also moulded the ways in which individuals perceive their quality of life and how they want to integrate a holistic approach towards their well-being. The workplace settings have seen tremendous changes in terms of how employers, employees and the organisations at large function and operate. The pre-pandemic concept of success has shifted its focus from hard work to developing grit among employees to increase the overall efficiency of the organisations. Grit has revolutionised the conventional standards of success, meaning in life and has impacted personal as well as occupational welfare. This integration of positive psychology and transpersonal psychology has catalysed the purpose for the current study. To help organisations and individuals thrive in their professional endeavours at the workplace and to provide them with relevant psychological tools to enhance their occupational growth, the present study has been conducted empirically to investigate the antecedents and consequences of grit among 209 working professionals in India. The results of this study indicate that the transpersonal capital of metacognition, flow, optimism and empathy have a significant role to play in developing grit among the participants. The findings have implications for enhancing job satisfaction and job performance of participants. The current research also provides a framework to organisations towards designing interventions for improving efficiency at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devanshi Agrawal
- Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Delhi, NCR, India
| | - Surekha Chukkali
- Department of Psychology, Christ (Deemed to be University), Delhi, NCR, India
| | - Sabah Singh
- Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
- Crayons Clinic, Chandigarh, India
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Lee LMA, Datu JAD. Exploring the associations of parenting styles and perceived filial piety with grit among selected Hong Kong undergraduate students. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2022.2099437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lo Ming Annabelle Lee
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Education University of Hong Kong FEHD, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jesus Alfonso Daep Datu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Education University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
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18
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Zhang C, Mao L, Li N, Gu X. Chinese EFL Students' Social-Emotional Competence, Grit, and Academic Engagement. Front Psychol 2022; 13:914759. [PMID: 35756262 PMCID: PMC9231457 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.914759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regarding the constructive function of students' academic engagement in learning a foreign language, understanding the individuals' intrapersonal characteristics effective on engagement has gained attention. To keep up with this line of research, the present study tried to probe the contribution of grit and social-emotional competence to Chinese EFL learners' academic engagement. To do this, 493 Chinese EFL students, including both males and females, were selected conveniently to participate in the study. For collecting data, a Likert scale questionnaire entailing three items on grit, social-emotional competence, and academic engagement was administered online. Spearman Rho correlation index and multiple regression analysis along with ANOVA were employed to analyze data. The findings revealed a positive and direct relationship between Chines EFL students' grit, social-emotional competence, and academic engagement. Furthermore, the results showed that compared to social-emotional competence, EFL students' grit can predict more powerfully academic engagement. The implications of the findings are considered in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Law, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lizhi Mao
- School of Law, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Nanshu Li
- School of Law, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoye Gu
- Department of Sports, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China
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19
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Datu JAD, Buenconsejo JU. The ecological benefits of staying gritty: grit dimensions are associated with pro-environmental passion, awareness, and behaviours. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1967100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jet U. Buenconsejo
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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Zhang S, Bergner Y, DiTrapani J, Jeon M. Modeling the interaction between resilience and ability in assessments with allowances for multiple attempts. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Singh
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Delhi NCR, India
| | - Surekha Chukkali
- Department of Psychology, CHRIST (Deemed to Be University), Delhi NCR, India
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Lam KKL, Zhou M. An Examination of the Conceptual Structure of Long-Term Goal Striving. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2021; 48:550-565. [PMID: 34027719 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211016190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long-term goal striving has been recognized as an important stage in goal achievement. Compared with the development of measurements of goal setting, researchers tended to measure goal striving in different manners. This study examined the conceptual structure of goal striving and validated a new scale to operationalize the construct within academic learning contexts. A 25-item scale was validated with 522 Chinese university students to assess its factor structure, reliability, gender invariance, criterion-related validity, and incremental validity. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported both the first-order and second-order model. Overall, the scale showed good reliability, validity, and invariance across gender. We suggested that this new scale could be used as an effective measure to assess the level of goal striving among university students in a Chinese context.
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Lam KKL, Zhou M. Qualitative Exploration of Chinese Students’ Perspectives on Long-Term Goal Striving. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2021.1889552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Datu JAD. Beyond Passion and Perseverance: Review and Future Research Initiatives on the Science of Grit. Front Psychol 2021; 11:545526. [PMID: 33584397 PMCID: PMC7873055 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Grit, which is originally conceptualized as passion and perseverance for long-term goals, has been associated with optimal performance. Although previous meta-analytic and systematic reviews summarized how grit relates to performance outcomes, they possess considerable shortcomings, such as (a) absence of summary on the association of grit with well-being outcomes; (b) absence of discussion on social, psychological, and emotional mechanisms linking grit to well-being; and (c) lack of elaboration on how alternative models can resolve fundamental problems in the grit construct. This integrative review provides a comprehensive summary on the link of grit to performance and well-being outcomes. Importantly, it elaborates how alternative models can potentially address flaws in the existing grit theory. Future research directions are discussed on how to move forward the science of grit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Integrated Centre for Well-Being, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Xu KM, Meijs C, Gijselaers HJM, Neroni J, de Groot RHM. Measuring Perseverance and Passion in Distance Education Students: Psychometric Properties of the Grit Questionnaire and Associations With Academic Performance. Front Psychol 2021; 11:563585. [PMID: 33381061 PMCID: PMC7767965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.563585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With modern technological advances, distance education has become an increasingly important education delivery medium for, for example, the higher education provided by open universities. Among predictive factors of successful learning in distance education, the effects of non-cognitive skills are less explored. Grit, the dispositional tendency to sustain trait-level passion and long-term goals, has raised much research interest and gained importance for predicting academic achievement. The Grit Questionnaire, measuring Perseverance of Effort and Consistency of Interests, has been shown to be a reliable instrument in traditional university student populations. However, the measurement and predictive validity of this questionnaire is still unknown for adult distance education university students who differ from traditional students in various ways (e.g., having a wider range of student ages). Based on a sample of 2,027 students from a distance education university, this study assessed the psychometric properties of the two-factor structure grit measured by the Grit Questionnaire. The findings suggest that the short form of the Grit Questionnaire is a potentially useful assessment tool for measuring the grit construct for distance learning higher education and that the Consistency of Interests factor is especially relevant to consider the improvement of learning performance for distance education in terms of courses credit and exam attempts. The measurement precision of the Perseverance of Effort factor, however, should be improved in future research to provide higher measurement accuracy and broader item coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Xu
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Celeste Meijs
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | | | - Joyce Neroni
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- Faculty of Educational Sciences, Open University of the Netherlands, Heerlen, Netherlands
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Ting LC, Datu JAD. Triarchic Model of Grit Dimensions as Predictors of Career Outcomes. THE CAREER DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cdq.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lo Chi Ting
- Department of Special Education and Counseling/Integrated Centre for Wellbeing The Education University of Hong Kong
| | - Jesus Alfonso Daep Datu
- Department of Special Education and Counseling/Integrated Centre for Wellbeing The Education University of Hong Kong
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Datu JAD, Zhang J. Validating the Chinese Version of Triarchic Model of Grit Scale in Technical–Vocational College Students. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282920974813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS), a measure that assesses individuals’ dispositions to show perseverance, passion (or consistency of interests) , and adaptability for long-term goals, had acceptable psychometric properties in Filipino student samples. However, there is scant evidence on the validity of this scale in other societies. This research explored the psychometric validity of the Chinese version of TMGS in selected technical–vocational college students in Shenzen, China. Results demonstrated that the scores from the three-factor model of grit were valid and reliable. In addition, whereas perseverance and adaptability were linked to increased life satisfaction and positive emotions, consistency was not related to such criterion variables. Further, perseverance and adaptability were associated with lower negative emotions, while consistency was linked to increased levels of undesirable emotions.
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28
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Abu Hasan HE, Munawar K, Abdul Khaiyom JH. Psychometric properties of developed and transadapted grit measures across cultures: a systematic review. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Verner-Filion J, Schellenberg BJ, Holding AC, Koestner R. Passion and grit in the pursuit of long-term personal goals in college students. LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2020.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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30
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Datu JAD, Restubog SLD. The emotional pay-off of staying gritty: linking grit with social-emotional learning and emotional well-being. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2020.1758922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Alfonso D. Datu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, Integrated Centre for Wellbeing (i-WELL), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Lloyd D. Restubog
- School of Labor and Employment Relations and Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
- UQ Business School, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
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Cui G, Lan X. The Associations of Parental Harsh Discipline, Adolescents' Gender, and Grit Profiles With Aggressive Behavior Among Chinese Early Adolescents. Front Psychol 2020; 11:323. [PMID: 32231610 PMCID: PMC7083215 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the association between parental harsh discipline and aggressive behavior in adolescence has been well established, little attention has been paid to early adolescence. Moreover, the risk and protective factors (the interplay of parents' and adolescents' gender, the role of grit) in this association during this period are still less explored in the literature. Guided by a socioecological framework, the current study (more exploratory in nature) identified the grit profiles based on two dimensions (i.e., perseverance and consistency) in a sample of Chinese early adolescents; likewise, this study further investigated gender-specific patterns and the moderating role of grit profiles in the association between parental harsh discipline and aggressive behavior. A total of 1,156 Chinese early adolescents (46.5% girls) were involved in this study and completed a set of self-report questionnaires. Latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of grit: low perseverance and low consistency, high perseverance and low consistency, and high perseverance and high consistency. Moreover, linear regression analysis indicated that paternal and maternal harsh discipline were each positively associated with aggressive behavior. The positive association between paternal harsh discipline and aggressive behavior was only significant for adolescent boys with low levels of perseverance and consistency; in contrast, the positive association between maternal harsh discipline and aggressive behavior was significantly stronger for adolescent boys with high levels of perseverance and consistency. These findings suggest that parental harsh discipline presents a risk factor for aggressive behavior, especially for adolescent boys in early adolescence; such a vulnerable effect is more heightened for those with low levels of perseverance and consistency. In addition, although grit is assumed to be a positive personal attribute, maternal harsh discipline to boys in the Chinese family context may disturb their positive development pathway during early adolescence, which is highly discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Cui
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lan
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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Feng X, Rost DH. Grit bei Adoleszenten: eine „neue“ leistungsthematisch-motivationale Eigenschaft? ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PADAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1024/1010-0652/a000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Untersucht wurde das „neue“ Persönlichkeitskonstrukt „Grit“, das die zwei korrelierten Primärfaktoren „beharrliche Anstrengungsbereitschaft“ („Perseverance of Effort“, PE) und „konsistentes Interesse“ („Constistency of Interest“, CI) in einem Wert zusammenfasst. Grit soll nach Duckworth (2016) Erfolg in Schule, Hochschule, Beruf und Leben besser als Intelligenz und klassische Persönlichkeitsvariablen vorhersagen. Credé, Tynan und Harms (2017) bezweifelten als Resultat ihrer Metaanalyse die hierarchische Grit-Struktur, die behauptete starke Vorhersagekraft für akademische Leistungen konnten sie nicht bestätigen. Weiterhin wurde eine sehr hohe Korrelation von PE mit Gewissenhaftigkeit ermittelt. Bisherige Studien stammen hauptsächlich aus individualistisch orientierten Gesellschaften. Deshalb wurde Grit in einer kollektivistisch orientierten Kultur (China) untersucht ( N = 533, Alter: M = 15.16 Jahre, SD = 0.64). Zusätzlich erhoben wir Gewissenhaftigkeit, schulische Selbstwirksamkeit und schulisches Selbstkonzept. Das Mittel der schulischen Fachleistungspunkte wurde berechnet. Die Gesamtstichprobe wurde in zwei randomisierte Substichproben geteilt. Explorative Hauptkomponentenanalysen (Substichprobe 1: n 1 = 200) und konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen (Substichprobe 2: n 2 = 333) der Grit-Items erbrachten zwei unkorrelierte Dimensionen, PE und CI. PE korrelierte sehr hoch mit Gewissenhaftigkeit ( r = .73, doppelt schrumpfungskorrigiert: r ∞, ∞ = .90). Die Beziehungen von PE zu Selbstwirksamkeit und Selbstkonzept waren hoch ( r = .55 bzw. r = .58), zur Schulleistung sehr niedrig ( r = .08). CI hing nur mit Selbstwirksamkeit bzw. Selbstkonzept schwach zusammen ( r = –.13 bzw. r = –.15), nicht mit Gewissenhaftigkeit ( r = .01) und dem Durchschnitt der Schulleistungspunkte ( r = –.02). Alles zusammen begründet Zweifel an Grit als „neues“ und valides leistungsbezogen-motivationales Persönlichkeitsmerkmal – zumindest bei chinesischen Adoleszenten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Feng
- College of International Studies, Southwest University Chongqing, P. R. China 400715
| | - Detlef H. Rost
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, P. R. China 400715
- Fachbereich Psychologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, D-35043 Marburg
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Gruenberg K, Brock T, MacDougall C. Longitudinal Associations Between Grit, Academic Outcomes, and Residency Match Rates Among Pharmacy Students. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2019; 83:6947. [PMID: 31507289 PMCID: PMC6718489 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To characterize Grit-S scores in pharmacy students, determine whether Grit-S scores change within individual pharmacy students and cohorts over time, and investigate the relationship between Grit-S scores, academic outcomes, and professional outcomes. Methods. A survey was conducted in fall 2016 and again in fall 2017 to determine Grit-S scores in first- through fourth-year pharmacy students. Participant demographic variables, grade point average (GPA), advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) ratings, and residency match results were collected. Results. Over the study period, 852 survey responses were completed by 85% of students surveyed. The mean Grit-S scores of each cohort ranged from 3.5 to 3.7 (on a 5-point scale with 5 representing the highest level of grit). Underrepresented minorities had slightly higher Grit-S scores and first-generation college students had slightly lower Grit-S scores. Two hundred eighty-seven students responded to both the 2016 and 2017 surveys. Among these paired responses, small but significant changes in individual Grit-S scores over time that varied in direction and magnitude by school year were noted. Higher Grit-S scores were not associated with higher GPA or superior APPE performance, nor were they predictive of a student matching to a postgraduate pharmacy residency. Conclusion. Significant associations between grit and measures of academic or professional achievement were not detected in this pharmacy student cohort. The presence of small but significant changes in Grit-S scores over time, in the absence of any intervention, has implications that further research should be conducted in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Gruenberg
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Tina Brock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Conan MacDougall
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Jordan SL, Ferris GR, Hochwarter WA, Wright TA. Toward a Work Motivation Conceptualization of Grit in Organizations. GROUP & ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1059601119834093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite its widespread media acclaim and recognition as a strategic imperative, the role of grit in organizational research remains unclear. This ambiguity resulted from inconsistent empirical findings, thus triggering a pessimistic outlook for the construct across disciplines. To address these issues, we suggest that such confusion and lack of construct and predictive validity stem from not only methodological issues but also a lack of theoretical sophistication. In this article, we address methodological issues, focusing mainly on construct and criterion-related validity, by showing how traditional definitional components of grit are absent in existing measures. Next, we address theoretical issues impeding progress by developing a new work motivation conceptualization of the construct. To do so, we focus primarily on noncognitive ability, purpose-driven long-term goal setting, and task strategy (i.e., short-term goal) adaptation. Finally, we develop an organizing framework examining how, and under what conditions, work-related goal setting manifests, highlighting grit’s distinction from other historically related constructs. Coupled with the assumption that individuals hold higher order organizational goals toward which they are passionate, our organizing framework includes feedback mechanisms accounting for grit’s developmental properties over time. Finally, we acknowledge significant areas for future research and potential practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wayne A. Hochwarter
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Caza A, Posner BZ. How and when does grit influence leaders’ behavior? LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-06-2018-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of grit, which is the tendency to pursue long-term goals with perseverance and continuing passion, on leaders’ self-reported behavior in terms of role modeling and innovating, as well as inspiring, empowering and supporting followers.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from an international sample of 3,702 leaders in work and non-work contexts. They reported their level of grit and how frequently they engaged in five leadership practices. Moderation analysis was used to test the influence of grit on leadership behaviors across contexts.FindingsHigh grit leaders reported more frequent role modeling and innovating behaviors, but less inspiring behavior. Grit’s effect on empowering behaviors depended on the context; grit caused leaders to empower followers more in non-work contexts, but not in work-related ones.Research limitations/implicationsThat grit is an important predictor of leadership behavior yields both practical and theoretical implications. For practice, the results suggest that grit is a desirable trait in managers, corresponding with their greater use of various leadership behaviors. For theory, the results suggest that part of the effect of traits in leadership arises from influencing the frequency with which leaders engage in particular behaviors.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine grit’s role in leadership, and it has practical and theoretical implications. For practice, the results suggest that grit is a desirable trait in leaders, but one which requires unique supports from the leader’s environment. For theory, the results begin to fill an important gap. It is well-established that personality influences leadership outcomes, but it remains uncertain how and when. The current study suggests how, since traits influence the frequency with which leaders engage in particular behaviors, and begins to define when, highlighting differences between work and non-work contexts.
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Assessing construct validity of the Grit-S in Chinese employees. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209319. [PMID: 30576360 PMCID: PMC6303021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This research examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) in Chinese insurance employees (N = 2,363; 37% males; mean age = 35.14). Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to determine the factor structure of the Grit-S. The resulting model was tested by multi-group CFA for the factorial invariance of the Grit-S across genders and age groups. Results showed that the Grit-S could be best explained by a two-factor model containing consistency of interest (α = .70) and perseverance of effort (α = .75). The factor model was equivalent across genders and age groups. The scores of the Grit-S were significantly correlated with external criteria variables including mental wellbeing and job performance. Overall, our findings suggested that the Grit-S can be a promising assessment of the grit trait in Chinese employees.
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Datu JAD, Fong RW. Examining the association of grit with test emotions among Hong Kong Chinese primary school students. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034318793468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Passion and perseverance for long-term goals or grit has been linked to various indices of educational success such as academic achievement, engagement, and motivation. Despite the nascent evidence regarding the beneficial impact of grit, previous investigations adopted a variable-centered approach which could not explore how individuals with different profiles of grit may differ in terms of academic outcomes. The current research aimed to build on the existing grit literature through examining the linkage of grit to test emotions using a person-centered approach among 1,051 Hong Kong Chinese primary school students. Results of cluster analyses showed that there were three naturally-occurring profiles of grit (Cluster 1 = High Perseverance and High Consistency; Cluster 2 = High Perseverance and Low Consistency; Cluster 3 = Low Perseverance and High Consistency) in the present study. Results of the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) demonstrated that students who belonged to Cluster 2 had the highest scores on hope and lowest scores on anxiety and shame. The results imply that espousing high perseverance of effort and low consistency of interest is associated with higher levels of positive activating emotions and reduced levels of negative activating emotional states when taking academic tests.
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O’Neal CR. The impact of stress on later literacy achievement via grit and engagement among dual language elementary school students. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0143034317752519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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