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Wang B, Ma L, Guo X, Du S, Feng X, Liang Y, Govindarajalu G, Wu S, Liu T, Li H, Patel S, Bekker A, Hu H, Tao YX. A sensory neuron-specific long non-coding RNA reduces neuropathic pain by rescuing KCNN1 expression. Brain 2023; 146:3866-3884. [PMID: 37012681 PMCID: PMC10473565 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve injury to peripheral somatosensory system causes refractory neuropathic pain. Maladaptive changes of gene expression in primary sensory neurons are considered molecular basis of this disorder. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene transcription; however, their significance in neuropathic pain remains largely elusive.Here, we reported a novel lncRNA, named sensory neuron-specific lncRNA (SS-lncRNA), for its expression exclusively in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion. SS-lncRNA was predominantly expressed in small DRG neurons and significantly downregulated due to a reduction of early B cell transcription factor 1 in injured DRG after nerve injury. Rescuing this downregulation reversed a decrease of the calcium-activated potassium channel subfamily N member 1 (KCNN1) in injured DRG and alleviated nerve injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity. Conversely, DRG downregulation of SS-lncRNA reduced the expression of KCNN1, decreased total potassium currents and afterhyperpolarization currents and increased excitability in DRG neurons and produced neuropathic pain symptoms.Mechanistically, downregulated SS-lncRNA resulted in the reductions of its binding to Kcnn1 promoter and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNPM), consequent recruitment of less hnRNPM to the Kcnn1 promoter and silence of Kcnn1 gene transcription in injured DRG.These findings indicate that SS-lncRNA may relieve neuropathic pain through hnRNPM-mediated KCNN1 rescue in injured DRG and offer a novel therapeutic strategy specific for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Longfei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Xinying Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shibin Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Xiaozhou Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yingping Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Gokulapriya Govindarajalu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shaogen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Departments of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shivam Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Huijuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Li S, Jin Y, Li M, Yu H. NAN-190, a 5-HT 1A antagonist, alleviates inflammatory pain by targeting Nav1.7 sodium channels. Life Sci 2023; 319:121520. [PMID: 36828129 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In the present study, NAN-190 [1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido) butyl] piperazine] was identified as a Nav1.7 blocker. In the meantime, the compound could alleviate the Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain. To understand the molecular mechanisms of NAN-190 on pain, the effect of NAN-190 on Nav1.7 sodium channels was studied. MAIN METHODS Inflammatory pain was induced by injection of CFA solution into the plantar side of the left hindpaw. Thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia were measured. Whole-cell patch clamp methods were used to record sodium channels and other pain-related targets in the cultured recombinant cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons. KEY FINDINGS Nan-190 was identified as an inhibitor of Nav1.7 sodium channels and animal experiments showed that NAN-190 significantly alleviated CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Mechanism studies demonstrated that NAN-190 was a state-dependent Nav1.7 blocker with IC50 value on the inactivated state ten-fold more potent than that on the rest state. NAN-190 leftward-shifted the fast and slow inactivation curves about 9.07 mV and 38.56 mV, respectively, but had no effects on channel activation. The compound also slowed the recovery from fast and slow inactivation and showed use-dependent properties. Further, the site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that NAN-190 mainly worked on the open state of Nav1.7 channels by interacting with sites similar as local anesthetics. In DRG neurons, NAN-190 mainly blocks TTX-sensitive currents but is less sensitive to TTX-R sodium currents. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our results indicated that NAN-190 alleviated pain behaviors by blocking sodium channels by interacting with the open state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuchen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Paquette T, Eskandari N, Leblond H, Piché M. Spinal neurovascular coupling is preserved despite time-dependent alterations of spinal cord blood flow responses in a rat model of chronic back pain: implications for functional spinal cord imaging. Pain 2023; 164:758-770. [PMID: 36036900 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to investigate nociceptive processes in patients with chronic pain. However, the results may be confounded with changes in neurovascular coupling induced by chronic pain. The objective of this study was to examine spinal neurovascular coupling in a rat model of chronic back pain induced by muscle inflammation. Rats received 150 µL intramuscular injections of either complete Freund adjuvant (CFA: n = 18) or saline (control [CTL]: n = 18) in L5-L6 paravertebral muscles. Under 1.2% isoflurane anesthesia, spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and local field potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve were recorded simultaneously in the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord, 14 or 28 days after the injections. Mechanical hypersensitivity was observed in CFA rats compared with CTL rats for the back ( P < 0.001) and hind paws ( P < 0.01). Spinal cord blood flow response amplitude and local field potential amplitude were not significantly different between groups (day 14: P > 0.5; day 28: P > 0.6). However, the time course of SCBF responses was different between groups on day 14 ( P < 0.001) and day 28 ( P < 0.001). Nevertheless, neurovascular coupling was comparable between groups on days 14 and 28, whether neurovascular coupling was calculated with the amplitude or the area under the curve of SCBF responses (all P > 0.2). These results indicate that spinal hemodynamic changes reflect neuronal activity in this animal model, although the time course of SCBF responses is affected by chronic inflammatory back pain. This warrants a careful use of spinal functional magnetic resonance imaging in animal models and patients with chronic back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Paquette
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Nasim Eskandari
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Leblond
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Piché
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- CogNAC Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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Morita M, Watanabe S, Nomura N, Takano-Matsuzaki K, Oyama M, Iwai T, Tanabe M. Sulfatide-selectin signaling in the spinal cord induces mechanical allodynia. J Neurochem 2023; 164:658-670. [PMID: 36528843 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sulfatide is a sulfated glycosphingolipid that is present abundantly in myelin sheaths of the brain and spinal cord. It is synthesized by a cerebroside sulfotransferase encoded by Gal3st1, which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate to galactosylceramide. We previously reported that Gal3st1 gene expression in the spinal cord is up-regulated 1 day after intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), indicating that sulfatide is involved in inflammatory pain. In the present study, we found that intrathecal injection of sulfatide led to mechanical allodynia. Sulfatide caused levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nitric oxide in the spinal cord to increase. Mechanical allodynia induced by intrathecal injection of sulfatide was blocked by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and by suppression of astrocyte activation by L-α-aminoadipate. These results suggest that sulfatide-induced mechanical allodynia involved glial activation and nitric oxide production. Blocking selectin, a sulfatide-binding protein, with bimosiamose attenuated sulfatide-induced allodynia and ameliorated CFA-induced mechanical allodynia during inflammatory pain. Finally, elevated levels of sulfatide concentration in the spinal cord were observed during CFA-induced inflammatory pain. The elevated sulfatide levels enhanced selectin activation in the spinal cord, resulting in mechanical allodynia. Our data suggest that sulfatide-selectin interaction plays a key role in inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Morita
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsumi Nomura
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Takano-Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Oyama
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Tanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Medicinal Research Laboratories, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Li X, Tao YX. Intrathecal administration of the fat-mass and obesity-associated protein inhibitor mitigates neuropathic pain in female rats. TRANSLATIONAL PERIOPERATIVE AND PAIN MEDICINE 2022; 9:478-487. [PMID: 36545239 PMCID: PMC9764434 DOI: 10.31480/2330-4871/163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Several intracellular signals are involved in the sexual dimorphism of chronic pain. Our previous studies demonstrated that the fat-mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), a demethylase of RNA N6-methyladenosine, in the injured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributed to the development and maintenance of nerve injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity in male rats and male mice. However, whether these effects of DRG FTO are in a sex-dependent manner is still unknown. The present study sought to investigate the effect of intrathecal administration of a specific FTO inhibitor, meclofenamic acid (MA), on chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity in female rats. Intrathecal injection of MA attenuated the CCI-induced mechanical allodynia, heat hyperalgesia, and cold hyperalgesia in both the induction and maintenance periods, without changing acute/basal pain and locomotor function, in female rats. Intrathecal MA also blocked the CCI-induced hyperactivations of neurons and astrocytes in the ipsilateral L4 and L5 dorsal horns of female rats. Mechanistically, intrathecal MA prevented the CCI-induced increase in the histone methyltransferase G9a expression and reversed the G9a-controlled downregulation of mu-opioid receptor and Kv1.2 proteins in the ipsilateral L4 and L5 DRGs of female rats. These findings indicate that the effects of the FTO inhibitor on nerve injury-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity in female rats are similar to those in male rats reported previously. Our data also further confirm the role of DRG FTO in neuropathic pain and suggest potential clinical application of the FTO inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of this disorder in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA,Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ07103, USA,Departments of Cell Biology & Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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6
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Lee SW, Han HC. Methylene Blue Application to Lessen Pain: Its Analgesic Effect and Mechanism. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:663650. [PMID: 34079436 PMCID: PMC8165385 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.663650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is a cationic thiazine dye, widely used as a biological stain and chemical indicator. Growing evidence have revealed that MB functions to restore abnormal vasodilation and notably it is implicated even in pain relief. Physicians began to inject MB into degenerated disks to relieve pain in patients with chronic discogenic low back pain (CDLBP), and some of them achieved remarkable outcomes. For osteoarthritis and colitis, MB abates inflammation by suppressing nitric oxide production, and ultimately relieves pain. However, despite this clinical efficacy, MB has not attracted much public attention in terms of pain relief. Accordingly, this review focuses on how MB lessens pain, noting three major actions of this dye: anti-inflammation, sodium current reduction, and denervation. Moreover, we showed controversies over the efficacy of MB on CDLBP and raised also toxicity issues to look into the limitation of MB application. This analysis is the first attempt to illustrate its analgesic effects, which may offer a novel insight into MB as a pain-relief dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Lee
- Good Doctor Research Institute, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Chul Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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7
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Schmidt H, Böttcher A, Gross T, Schmidtko A. cGMP signalling in dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord: Various functions in development and adulthood. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2361-2377. [PMID: 33939841 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) is a second messenger that regulates numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. In recent years, more and more studies have uncovered multiple roles of cGMP signalling pathways in the somatosensory system. Accumulating evidence suggests that cGMP regulates different cellular processes from embryonic development through to adulthood. During embryonic development, a cGMP-dependent signalling cascade in the trunk sensory system is essential for axon bifurcation, a specific form of branching of somatosensory axons. In adulthood, various cGMP signalling pathways in distinct cell populations of sensory neurons and dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord play an important role in the processing of pain and itch. Some of the involved enzymes might serve as a target for future therapies. In this review, we summarise the knowledge regarding cGMP-dependent signalling pathways in dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord during embryonic development and adulthood, and the potential of targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Böttcher
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tilman Gross
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Achim Schmidtko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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8
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Huang Y, Jiao B, Zhu B, Xiong B, Lu P, Ai L, Yang N, Zhao Y, Xu H. Nitric Oxide in the Spinal Cord Is Involved in the Hyperalgesia Induced by Tetrahydrobiopterin in Chronic Restraint Stress Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:593654. [PMID: 33867911 PMCID: PMC8044835 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.593654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well recognized that exposure to chronic stress could increase pain responding and exacerbate pain symptoms, resulting in stress-induced hyperalgesia. However, the mechanisms underlying stress-induced hyperalgesia are not yet fully elucidated. To this end, we observed that restraint as a stressful event exacerbated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, accompanied with up-regulation of nitric oxide (NO) (P < 0.001), GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) (GCH1 mRNA: P = 0.001; GCH1 protein: P = 0.001), and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) concentration (plasma BH4: P < 0.001; spinal BH4: P < 0.001) on Day 7 in restraint stress (RS) rats. Intrathecal injection of N ω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor, or N-([3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl) ethanimidamide, a special inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), for seven consecutive days attenuated stress-induced hyperalgesia and decreased the production of NO (P < 0.001). Interestingly, 7-nitro indazole, a special inhibitor of neuronal NO synthase, alleviated stress-induced hyperalgesia but did not affect spinal NO synthesis. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of BH4 not only aggravated stress-induced hyperalgesia but also up-regulated the expression of spinal iNOS (iNOS mRNA: P = 0.015; iNOS protein: P < 0.001) and NO production (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that hyperalgesia induced by RS is associated with the modulation of the GCH1-BH4 system and constitutively expressed spinal iNOS. Thus, the GCH1-BH4-iNOS signaling pathway may be a new novel therapeutic target for pain relief in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Bingrui Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Ai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Complete Freund's adjuvant-free experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Dark Agouti rats is a valuable tool for multiple sclerosis studies. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 354:577547. [PMID: 33765502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is classically induced with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The immune response against CFA has a confounding influence on the translational capacity of EAE as a multiple sclerosis model. Here, we compare clinical, cellular and molecular properties between syngeneic spinal cord homogenate (SCH)- and SCH + CFA-immunized Dark Agouti rats. EAE signs were observed earlier and the cumulative clinical score was higher without CFA. Also, a higher number of immune cells infiltrates in the spinal cords was noticed at the peak of EAE without CFA. High spinal cord abundance of CD8+CD11bc+MHC class II+ cells was detected in SCH-immunized rats. Myelin basic protein -specific response can be elicited in the cells from the lymph nodes draining the site of SCH immunization. This CFA-free EAE is a reliable multiple sclerosis model.
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Piegang BN, Ndjateu FST, Tene M, Bomba FDT, Tseuguem PP, Nguelefack TB. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Boerhavia coccinea extracts and fractions on acute and persistent inflammatory pain models. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2020-0118/jbcpp-2020-0118.xml. [PMID: 33161387 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Boerhavia coccinea (Nyctaginaceae) is an herbaceous plant used for the treatment of pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous (AEBC) and ethanol (EEBC) extracts of Boerhavia coccinea as well as the major fractions (F1, F2 and F3) from EEBC. Methods The antinociceptive effect of the extracts and fractions was evaluated using formalin test. AEBC, EEBC and F1 were selected and further evaluated acutely (24 h) and chronically (16 days) in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced persistent inflammatory pain for their antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. They were administered orally (100 and 200 mg/kg/day) from 48 h following the intraplantar injection of 100 µL of CFA. After the 16 days of chronic treatment, rats' spinal cord and brain were collected for the evaluation of oxidative stress parameters namely nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Results AEBC, EEBC and F1 significantly inhibited the first and second phases of the formalin-induced pain. They significantly reduced the hyperalgesia both in acute and chronic treatments. These extracts showed no acute anti-inflammatory effect. AEBC and EEBC exhibited anti-inflammatory activities after repeated administration. AEBC, EEBC and F1 significantly reduced MDA level and significantly increased SOD and catalase activities, mainly in the spinal cord. AEBC and EEBC also reduced the NO production in the spinal cord. Conclusions Boerhavia coccinea extracts and F1 possess potent antinociceptive activity which is not related to their anti-inflammatory properties. Their antioxidant effects may contribute to these activities in chronic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Nganmegne Piegang
- Laboratory of animal physiology and phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
- and Institut Universitaire du Golf de Guinée (IUG), Institut Supérieur des Sciences Appliquées (ISA), Douala, Cameroon
| | - Fabrice Sterlin Tchantchou Ndjateu
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mathieu Tene
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francis Désiré Tatsinkou Bomba
- Laboratory of animal physiology and phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Pius Pum Tseuguem
- Laboratory of animal physiology and phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Télesphore Benoit Nguelefack
- Laboratory of animal physiology and phytopharmacology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 67 Dschang, Cameroon
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Pol O. The role of carbon monoxide, heme oxygenase 1, and the Nrf2 transcription factor in the modulation of chronic pain and their interactions with opioids and cannabinoids. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:136-155. [PMID: 32820550 DOI: 10.1002/med.21726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain and its associated comorbidities are difficult to treat, even when the most potent analgesic compounds are used. Thus, research on new strategies to effectively relieve nociceptive and/or emotional disorders accompanying chronic pain is essential. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of different carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs), inducible heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), and nuclear factor-2 erythroid factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor activators in several models of acute and chronic pain caused by inflammation, nerve injury or diabetes. More recently, the antidepressant and/or anxiolytic effects of several Nrf2 transcription factor inducers were demonstrated in a model of chronic neuropathic pain. These effects are mainly produced by inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, glial activation, mitogen-activated protein kinases and/or phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phospho-protein kinase B phosphorylation in the peripheral and/or central nervous system. Other studies also demonstrated that the analgesic effects of opioids and cannabinoids are improved when these drugs are coadministered with CO-RMs, HO-1 or Nrf2 activators in different preclinical pain models and that these improvements are generally mediated by upregulation or prevention of the downregulation of µ-opioid receptors, δ-opioid receptors and/or cannabinoid 2 receptors in the setting of chronic pain. We reviewed all these studies as well as studies on the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of CO-RMs, HO-1, and Nrf2 activators in chronic pain. In summary, activation of the Nrf2/HO-1/carbon monoxide signaling pathway alone and/or in combination with the administration of specific analgesics is a valid strategy for the treatment of chronic pain and some associated emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pol
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Effects of selective inhibition of nNOS and iNOS on neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 105:103497. [PMID: 32353527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Various animal models have been employed to understand the pathogenic mechanism of neuropathic pain. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule in nociceptive transmission and is involved in neuropathic pain. However, its mechanistic actions remain unclear. The aim of this study was to better understand the involvement of neuronal and inducible isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and iNOS) in neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. We evaluated pain sensitivity (mechanical withdrawal thresholds using Randall and Selitto, and von Frey tests, and thermal withdrawal thresholds using Hargreaves test) prior to CCI surgery, 14 days post CCI and after intrathecal injections of selective nNOS or iNOS inhibitors. We also evaluated the distribution of NOS isozymes in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) by immunohistochemistry, synthesis of iNOS and nNOS by Western blot, and NO production using fluorescent probe DAF-2 DA (DA). Our results showed higher number of nNOS and iNOS-positive neurons in the spinal cord and DRG of CCI compared to sham rats, and their reduction in CCI rats after treatment with selective inhibitors compared to non-treated groups. Western blot results also indicated reduced expression of nNOS and iNOS after treatment with selective inhibitors. Furthermore, both inhibitors reduced CCI-evoked mechanical and thermal withdrawal thresholds but only nNOS inhibitor was able to efficiently lower mechanical withdrawal thresholds using von Frey test. In addition, we observed higher NO production in the spinal cord and DRG of injured rats compared to control group. Our study innovatively shows that nNOS may strongly modulate nociceptive transmission in rats with neuropathic pain, while iNOS may partially participate in the development of nociceptive responses. Thus, drugs targeting nNOS for neuropathic pain may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Distinct functions of soluble guanylyl cyclase isoforms NO-GC1 and NO-GC2 in inflammatory and neuropathic pain processing. Pain 2019; 160:607-618. [PMID: 30422870 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling essentially contributes to the processing of chronic pain. In general, NO-induced cGMP formation is catalyzed by 2 isoforms of guanylyl cyclase, NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase 1 (NO-GC1) and 2 (NO-GC2). However, the specific functions of the 2 isoforms in pain processing remain elusive. Here, we investigated the distribution of NO-GC1 and NO-GC2 in the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia, and we characterized the behavior of mice lacking either isoform in animal models of pain. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, we demonstrate that both isoforms are localized to interneurons in the spinal dorsal horn with NO-GC1 being enriched in inhibitory interneurons. In dorsal root ganglia, the distribution of NO-GC1 and NO-GC2 is restricted to non-neuronal cells with NO-GC2 being the major isoform in satellite glial cells. Mice lacking NO-GC1 demonstrated reduced hypersensitivity in models of neuropathic pain, whereas their behavior in models of inflammatory pain was normal. By contrast, mice lacking NO-GC2 exhibited increased hypersensitivity in models of inflammatory pain, but their neuropathic pain behavior was unaltered. Cre-mediated deletion of NO-GC1 or NO-GC2 in spinal dorsal horn neurons recapitulated the behavioral phenotypes observed in the global knockout. Together, these results indicate that cGMP produced by NO-GC1 or NO-GC2 in spinal dorsal horn neurons exert distinct, and partly opposing, functions in chronic pain processing.
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Chronic Pain: Structural and Functional Changes in Brain Structures and Associated Negative Affective States. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133130. [PMID: 31248061 PMCID: PMC6650904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a condition in which pain progresses from an acute to chronic state and persists beyond the healing process. Chronic pain impairs function and decreases patients’ quality of life. In recent years, efforts have been made to deepen our understanding of chronic pain and to develop better treatments to alleviate chronic pain. In this review, we summarize the results of previous studies, focusing on the mechanisms underlying chronic pain development and the identification of neural areas related to chronic pain. We review the association between chronic pain and negative affective states. Further, we describe the structural and functional changes in brain structures that accompany the chronification of pain and discuss various neurotransmitter families involved. Our review aims to provide guidance for the development of future therapeutic approaches that could be used in the management of chronic pain.
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Moreno P, Cazuza RA, Mendes-Gomes J, Díaz AF, Polo S, Leánez S, Leite-Panissi CRA, Pol O. The Effects of Cobalt Protoporphyrin IX and Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) Dimer Treatments and Its Interaction with Nitric Oxide in the Locus Coeruleus of Mice with Peripheral Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092211. [PMID: 31060340 PMCID: PMC6540196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and carbon monoxide were shown to normalize oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions induced by neuropathic pain in the central nervous system, but their effects in the locus coeruleus (LC) of animals with peripheral inflammation and their interaction with nitric oxide are unknown. In wild-type (WT) and knockout mice for neuronal (NOS1-KO) or inducible (NOS2-KO) nitric oxide synthases with inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA), we assessed: (1) antinociceptive actions of cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP), an HO-1 inducer; (2) effects of CoPP and tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer (CORM-2), a carbon monoxide-liberating compound, on the expression of HO-1, NOS1, NOS2, CD11b/c, GFAP, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in the LC. CoPP reduced inflammatory pain in different time-dependent manners in WT and KO mice. Peripheral inflammation activated astroglia in the LC of all genotypes and increased the levels of NOS1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK 1/2) in WT mice. CoPP and CORM-2 enhanced HO-1 and inhibited astroglial activation in all genotypes. Both treatments blocked NOS1 overexpression, and CoPP normalized ERK 1/2 activation. This study reveals an interaction between HO-1 and NOS1/NOS2 during peripheral inflammation and shows that CoPP and CORM-2 improved HO-1 expression and modulated the inflammatory and/or plasticity changes caused by peripheral inflammation in the LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Moreno
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rafael Alves Cazuza
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Joyce Mendes-Gomes
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters, University of São Paulo, 14040-901, RibeirãoPreto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrés Felipe Díaz
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Polo
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Leánez
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Olga Pol
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institutd'InvestigacióBiomèdicaSant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Neurociències, UniversitatAutònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Huang H, Wang M, Hong Y. Intrathecal administration of adrenomedullin induces mechanical allodynia and neurochemical changes in spinal cord and DRG. Neurosci Lett 2019; 690:196-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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MBD1 Contributes to the Genesis of Acute Pain and Neuropathic Pain by Epigenetic Silencing of Oprm1 and Kcna2 Genes in Primary Sensory Neurons. J Neurosci 2018; 38:9883-9899. [PMID: 30266739 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0880-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of normal sensory and/or acute noxious information requires intact expression of pain-associated genes within the pain pathways of nervous system. Expressional changes of these genes after peripheral nerve injury are also critical for neuropathic pain induction and maintenance. Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 (MBD1), an epigenetic repressor, regulates gene transcriptional activity. We report here that MBD1 in the primary sensory neurons of DRG is critical for the genesis of acute pain and neuropathic pain as DRG MBD1-deficient mice exhibit the reduced responses to acute mechanical, heat, cold, and capsaicin stimuli and the blunted nerve injury-induced pain hypersensitivities. Furthermore, DRG overexpression of MBD1 leads to spontaneous pain and evoked pain hypersensitivities in the WT mice and restores acute pain sensitivities in the MBD1-deficient mice. Mechanistically, MDB1 represses Oprm1 and Kcna2 gene expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a into these two gene promoters in the DRG neurons. DRG MBD1 is likely a key player under the conditions of acute pain and neuropathic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the present study, we revealed that the mice with deficiency of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 1 (MBD1), an epigenetic repressor, in the DRG displayed the reduced responses to acute noxious stimuli and the blunted neuropathic pain. We also showed that DRG overexpression of MBD1 produced the hypersensitivities to noxious stimuli in the WT mice and rescued acute pain sensitivities in the MBD1-deficient mice. We have also provided the evidence that MDB1 represses Oprm1 and Kcna2 gene expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferase DNMT3a into these two gene promoters in the DRG neurons. DRG MBD1 may participate in the genesis of acute pain and neuropathic pain likely through regulating DNMT3a-controlled Oprm1 and Kcna2 gene expression in the DRG neurons.
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18
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Preventive treatment with dizocilpine attenuates oedema in a carrageenan model of inflammation: the interaction of glutamatergic and nitrergic signaling. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 27:121-128. [PMID: 30182184 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dizocilpine is a highly selective and potent non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor. It is well known that dizocilpine has different neuroprotective effects in animal models of pain, epilepsy and oedema during trauma. The search for alternative antiinflammatory drugs is ongoing. We investigated the anti-oedematous effects of dizocilpine and the probable mechanism of action in a rat model that mimics local and persistent inflammation without tissue injury or damage. Male Wistar rats were injected with 100 μL of 0.5% carrageenan to the plantar surface of the hind paw. Anti-oedematous activity was assessed in the carrageenan-induced paw inflammatory oedema test with a plethysmometer. To assess possible mechanisms of dizocilpine action, we examined the effects of the selective inhibitor of neuronal [N-ω-propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (L-NPA)] and inducible [S-methylisothiourea (SMT)] nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Dizocilpine after systemic (0.0005, 0.005 and 0.02 mg/kg, subcutaneous (s.c.)), but not after local peripheral administration, reduced the paw inflammatory oedema. The effect is not dose dependent, and the highest decrease by about 47% at the time of maximally developed oedema was achieved with 0.005 mg/kg. Intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered L-NPA (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) or SMT (0.005, 0.01 and 0.015 mg/kg) before dizocilpine abolished or reduced the anti-oedematous effect of dizocilpine by about 70-85%. An acute single dose of dizocilpine administered before inducing oedema systemically reduced the development of inflammatory oedema. The mechanism of the anti-oedematous effect includes, at least partially, an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production.
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19
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Li M, Wu Y, Zou B, Wang X, Li M, Yu H. Identification of WB4101, anα1-Adrenoceptor Antagonist, as a Sodium Channel Blocker. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:896-906. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Abstract
The exteroceptive somatosensory system is important for reflexive and adaptive behaviors and for the dynamic control of movement in response to external stimuli. This review outlines recent efforts using genetic approaches in the mouse to map the spinal cord circuits that transmit and gate the cutaneous somatosensory modalities of touch, pain, and itch. Recent studies have revealed an underlying modular architecture in which nociceptive, pruritic, and innocuous stimuli are processed by distinct molecularly defined interneuron cell types. These include excitatory populations that transmit information about both innocuous and painful touch and inhibitory populations that serve as a gate to prevent innocuous stimuli from activating the nociceptive and pruritic transmission pathways. By dissecting the cellular composition of dorsal-horn networks, studies are beginning to elucidate the intricate computational logic of somatosensory transformation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C Koch
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - David Acton
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Martyn Goulding
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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21
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Chen SR, Jin XG, Pan HL. Endogenous nitric oxide inhibits spinal NMDA receptor activity and pain hypersensitivity induced by nerve injury. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:156-165. [PMID: 28754372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) in nociceptive transmission at the spinal cord level remains uncertain. Increased activity of spinal N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors contributes to development of chronic pain induced by peripheral nerve injury. In this study, we determined how endogenous NO affects NMDA receptor activity of spinal cord dorsal horn neurons in control and spinal nerve-ligated rats. Bath application of the NO precursor l-arginine or the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) significantly inhibited NMDA receptor currents of spinal dorsal horn neurons in both sham control and nerve-injured rats. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) or blocking the S-nitrosylation reaction with N-ethylmaleimide abolished the inhibitory effects of l-arginine on NMDA receptor currents recorded from spinal dorsal horn neurons in sham control and nerve-injured rats. However, bath application of the cGMP analog 8-bromo-cGMP had no significant effects on spinal NMDA receptor currents. Inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase also did not alter the inhibitory effect of l-arginine on spinal NMDA receptor activity. Furthermore, knockdown of nNOS with siRNA abolished the inhibitory effects of l-arginine, but not SNAP, on spinal NMDA receptor activity in both groups of rats. Additionally, intrathecal injection of l-arginine significantly attenuated mechanical or thermal hyperalgesia induced by nerve injury, and the l-arginine effect was diminished in rats treated with a nNOS inhibitor or nNOS-specific siRNA. These findings suggest that endogenous NO inhibits spinal NMDA receptor activity through S-nitrosylation. NO derived from nNOS attenuates spinal nociceptive transmission and neuropathic pain induced by nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Rui Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao-Gao Jin
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Zerumbone Alleviates Neuropathic Pain through the Involvement of l-Arginine-Nitric Oxide-cGMP-K⁺ ATP Channel Pathways in Chronic Constriction Injury in Mice Model. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040555. [PMID: 28358309 PMCID: PMC6154097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the involvement of the l-arginine-Nitric Oxide-cGMP-K+ ATP pathways responsible for the action of anti-allodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone in chronic constriction injury (CCI) induced neuropathic pain in mice. The role of l-arginine-NO-cGMP-K+ was assessed by the von Frey and the Randall-Selitto tests. Both allodynia and hyperalgesia assessments were carried out on the 14th day post CCI, 30 min after treatments were given for each respective pathway. Anti-allodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of zerumbone (10 mg/kg, i.p) were significantly reversed by the pre-treatment of l-arginine (10 mg/kg), 1H [1,2,4]Oxadiazole[4,3a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), a soluble guanosyl cyclase blocker (2 mg/kg i.p.) and glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker) (10 mg/kg i.p.) (p < 0.05). Taken together, these results indicate that systemic administration of zerumbone produces significant anti-allodynic and antihyperalgesic activities in neuropathic pain in mice possibly due to involvement of the l-arginine-NO-cGMP-PKG-K+ ATP channel pathways in CCI model.
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23
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Wu Y, Zou B, Liang L, Li M, Tao YX, Yu H, Wang X, Li M. Loperamide inhibits sodium channels to alleviate inflammatory hyperalgesia. Neuropharmacology 2017; 117:282-291. [PMID: 28216001 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that Loperamide, originally known as an anti-diarrheal drug, is a promising analgesic agent primarily targeting mu-opioid receptors. However some evidences suggested that non-opioid mechanisms may be contributing to its analgesic effect. In the present study, Loperamide was identified as a Nav1.7 blocker in a pilot screen. In HEK293 cells expressing Nav1.7 sodium channels, Loperamide blocked the resting state of Nav1.7 channels (IC50 = 1.86 ± 0.11 μM) dose-dependently and reversibly. Loperamide produced a 10.4 mV of hyperpolarizing shift for the steady-state inactivation of Nav1.7 channels without apparent effect on the voltage-dependent activation. The drug displayed a mild use- and state-dependent inhibition on Nav1.7 channels, which was removed by the local anesthetic-insensitive construct Nav1.7-F1737A. Inhibition of Nav1.7 at resting state was not altered significantly by the F1737A mutation. Compared to its effects on Nav1.7, Loperamide exhibited higher potency on recombinant Nav1.8 channels in ND7/23 cells (IC50 = 0.60 ± 0.10 μM) and weaker potency on Nav1.9 channels (3.48 ± 0.33 μM). Notably more pronounced inhibition was observed in the native Nav1.8 channels (0.11 ± 0.08 μM) in DRG neurons. Once mu-opioid receptor was antagonized by Naloxone in DRG neurons, potency of Loperamide on Nav1.8 was identical to that of recombinant Nav1.8 channels. The inhibition on Nav channels may be the main mechanism of Loperamide for pain relief beyond mu-opioid receptor. In the meanwhile, the opioid receptor pathway may also influence the blocking effect of Loperamide on sodium channels, implying a cross-talk between sodium channels and opioid receptors in pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Beiyan Zou
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center and Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lingli Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Min Li
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, High Throughput Biology Center and Johns Hopkins Ion Channel Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Liu Q, Gao Z, Zhu X, Wu Z, Li D, He H, Huang F, Fan W. Changes in nitric oxide synthase isoforms in the trigeminal ganglion of rat following chronic tooth pulp inflammation. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:240-245. [PMID: 27687716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) possibly plays an important role in the events resulting in hyperalgesia. NO synthase (NOS) is a key enzyme in the production of NO. Changes in NOS expression in primary sensory neurons may be involved in the persistent sensory abnormalities that can be induced by inflammation. To assess the possible roles of NOS in trigeminal sensory system, we studied changes in the expression of NOS isoforms in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) following chronic inflammation after pulp exposure (PX) in rats. The neurons innervating injured tooth in the TG were labeled by fluoro-gold (FG). Immunohistochemical staining was used to reveal the presence of NOS. The results showed that within the FG-labeled population, neuron counts revealed a significant increase in the proportion of NOS neurons following PX, in which the frequency of iNOS and nNOS-positive neurons started to increase at 3 and 7day, respectively, and peaked at 28day. There was no eNOS expression observed in the control group and PX-treated groups. The results demonstrate that PX-induced chronic pulpal inflammation results in significant increase of nNOS and iNOS in the TG. It suggests that nNOS and iNOS could be involved in mediation of peripheral processing of nociceptive information following chronic tooth pulp inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongpei Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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25
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Inhibition of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 attenuates pain-related behavior and hyperexcitability in pain conditions associated with excessive nitric oxide production, representing a novel therapeutic target. Activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and consequent production of nitric oxide (NO), contributes to spinal hyperexcitability and enhanced pain sensation. All NOS isoforms are inhibited endogenously by asymmetric dimethylarginine, which itself is metabolised by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Inhibition of DDAH can indirectly attenuate NO production by elevating asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations. Here, we show that the DDAH-1 isoform is constitutively active in the nervous system, specifically in the spinal dorsal horn. DDAH-1 was found to be expressed in sensory neurons within both the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn; L-291 (NG–[2-Methoxyethyl]-l-arginine methyl ester), a DDAH-1 inhibitor, reduced NO synthesis in cultured dorsal root ganglia neurons. Spinal application of L-291 decreased N-methyl-d-aspartate–dependent postdischarge and windup of dorsal horn sensory neurons—2 measures of spinal hyperexcitability. Finally, spinal application of L-291 reduced both neuronal and behavioral measures of formalin-induced central sensitization. Thus, DDAH-1 may be a potential therapeutic target in neuronal disorders, such as chronic pain, where elevated NO is a contributing factor.
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Hu W, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Wang D, Hong Y. Blockade of 5-HT 2A receptors at the site of inflammation inhibits activation of spinal dorsal horn neurons in rats. Brain Res Bull 2016; 124:85-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Maiarù M, Morgan OB, Tochiki KK, Hobbiger EJ, Rajani K, Overington DWU, Géranton SM. Complex regulation of the regulator of synaptic plasticity histone deacetylase 2 in the rodent dorsal horn after peripheral injury. J Neurochem 2016; 138:222-32. [PMID: 26998823 PMCID: PMC4982040 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC2 in particular, have been shown to regulate various forms of learning and memory. Since cognitive processes share mechanisms with spinal nociceptive signalling, we decided to investigate the HDAC2 expression in the dorsal horn after peripheral injury. Using immunohistochemistry, we found that spinal HDAC2 was mainly seen in neurons and astrocytes, with neuronal expression in naïve tissue 2.6 times greater than that in astrocytes. Cysteine (S)‐nitrosylation of HDAC2 releases HDAC2 gene silencing and is controlled by nitric oxide (NO). A duration of 48 h after intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, there was an ipsilateral increase in the most important NO‐producing enzyme in pain states, nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), accompanied by an increase in HDAC2 S‐nitrosylation. Moreover, a subset of nNOS‐positive neurons expressed cFos, a known target of HDAC2, suggesting that derepression of cFos expression following HDAC2 S‐nitrosylation might occur after noxious stimulation. We saw no change in global HDAC2 expression in both short‐ and long‐term pain states. However, HDAC2 was increased in astrocytes 7 days after neuropathic injury suggesting that HDAC2 might inhibit astrocytic gene expression in neuropathic pain states. All together, our results indicate that the epigenetic regulation of transcriptional programmes in the dorsal horn after injury is cell specific. Moreover, the prominent role of NO in persistent pain states suggests that HDAC2 S‐nitrosylation could play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression leading to hypersensitivity.
Our manuscript describes for the first time the regulation of the memory regulator histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in the superficial dorsal horn of adult rats following peripheral injury. Our cell‐specific approach has revealed a complex pattern of expression of spinal HDAC2 that depends on the injury and the cell type, suggesting a sophisticated regulation of gene expression by HDAC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maiarù
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oakley B Morgan
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Keri K Tochiki
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kaveeta Rajani
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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Yang Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Bo J, Zhou X, Wang J, Ma Z. Role of nitric oxide synthase in the development of bone cancer pain and effect of L-NMMA. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1220-6. [PMID: 26648027 PMCID: PMC4732828 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal nitric oxide is involved in the mechanisms of pain generation and transmission during inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of spinal nitric oxide in the development of bone cancer pain. 2×105 osteosarcoma cells were implanted into the intramedullary space of right femurs of C3H/HeJ mice to induce a model of ongoing bone cancer. Polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible (i)NOS in the spinal cord following inoculation. The results showed that inoculation of osteosarcoma cells induced progressive bone cancer, accompanied with pain-associated behavior. The levels of nNOS mRNA in the spinal cord of tumor mice began to increase at day 10 and then decreased to the level in sham mice at day 14, while iNOS mRNA markedly increased in the tumor group at days 10 and 14. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that nNOS- and iNOS-positive neurons were mainly located in the superficial dorsal horn and around the central canal of the L3-L5 spinal cord. Intrathecal injection of 50 µg NOS inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) attenuated cancer-evoked pain behaviors at day 14. These findings indicated that an upregulation of nNOS and iNOS in the spinal cord is associated with bone cancer pain and suggests that exogenously administered L-NMMA may have beneficial effects to alleviate bone cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum‑Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum‑Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum‑Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yaguo Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum‑Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Bo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum‑Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum‑Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum‑Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum‑Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Wang D, Wang P, Jiang J, Lv Q, Zeng X, Hong Y. Activation of Mas Oncogene-Related G Protein–Coupled Receptors Inhibits Neurochemical Alterations in the Spinal Dorsal Horn and Dorsal Root Ganglia Associated with Inflammatory Pain in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 354:431-439. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.225672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Schmidtko A. Nitric oxide-mediated pain processing in the spinal cord. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 227:103-17. [PMID: 25846616 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-46450-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in the processing of persistent inflammatory and neuropathic pain in the spinal cord. Several animal studies revealed that inhibition or knockout of NO synthesis ameliorates persistent pain. However, spinal delivery of NO donors caused dual pronociceptive and antinociceptive effects, pointing to multiple downstream signaling mechanisms of NO. This review summarizes the localization and function of NO-dependent signaling mechanisms in the spinal cord, taking account of the recent progress made in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Schmidtko
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Witten/Herdecke, ZBAF, Stockumer Str. 10, 58453, Witten, Germany,
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Srebro DP, Vucković SM, Savic Vujovic KR, Prostran MS. Nitric oxide synthase modulates the antihyperalgesic effect of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on Carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain in rats. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2015; 234:287-93. [PMID: 25483276 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.234.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, may play a significant role in the development and maintenance of an inflammatory pain. Activation of NMDA receptors may cause nitric oxide (NO) release through activation of NO synthase (NOS). MK-801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist is commonly used as a neuropharmacological tool. The interaction between MK-801 and NOS in the inflammatory pain has not been evaluated before. We investigated whether MK-801 affects inflammatory pain and whether NOS modulates the effect of MK-801. Carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia was evaluated by measuring the withdrawal response to mechanical stimuli, using an electronic version of the von Frey anesthesiometer in Wistar rats. MK-801 given subcutaneously (0.5-20 μg/kg) or intraplantarly (0.1 and 0.15 μg/paw) significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia. Intraplantarly given MK-801 exerted a local antihyperalgesic effect, because when applied to the contralateral side it did not reduce mechanical sensitivity in the ipsilateral side. N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (5 and 10 mg/kg), a non-selective NOS inhibitor, significantly reduced the effects of MK-801. N-ω-Propyl-L-arginine hydrochloride (0.5-2 mg/kg), a selective inhibitor of neuronal NOS, increased the antihyperalgesic effect of MK-801, whereas S-methylisothiourea (5-15 μg/kg), a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS, lowered the antihyperalgesic effect of MK-801. Importantly, each NOS inhibitor given alone did not affect carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia. In conclusion, MK-801 is effective against inflammatory pain and its antihyperalgesic effect is modulated in a different ways by NOS, being enhanced by a neuronal NOS inhibitor but reduced by an inducible NOS inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana P Srebro
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade
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Shen Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhu MD, Jiang BC, Yang T, Gao YJ. Exogenous induction of HO-1 alleviates vincristine-induced neuropathic pain by reducing spinal glial activation in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 79:100-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Lee WH, Xu Z, Ashpole NM, Hudmon A, Kulkarni PM, Thakur GA, Lai YY, Hohmann AG. Small molecule inhibitors of PSD95-nNOS protein-protein interactions as novel analgesics. Neuropharmacology 2015; 97:464-75. [PMID: 26071110 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant increases in NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling contributes to central nervous system sensitization and chronic pain by activating neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and generating nitric oxide (NO). Because the scaffolding protein postsynaptic density 95kDA (PSD95) tethers nNOS to NMDARs, the PSD95-nNOS complex represents a therapeutic target. Small molecule inhibitors IC87201 (EC5O: 23.94 μM) and ZL006 (EC50: 12.88 μM) directly inhibited binding of purified PSD95 and nNOS proteins in AlphaScreen without altering binding of PSD95 to ErbB4. Both PSD95-nNOS inhibitors suppressed glutamate-induced cell death with efficacy comparable to MK-801. IC87201 and ZL006 preferentially suppressed phase 2A pain behavior in the formalin test and suppressed allodynia induced by intraplantar complete Freund's adjuvant administration. IC87201 and ZL006 suppressed mechanical and cold allodynia induced by the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (ED50s: 2.47 and 0.93 mg/kg i.p. for IC87201 and ZL006, respectively). Efficacy of PSD95-nNOS disruptors was similar to MK-801. Motor ataxic effects were induced by MK-801 but not by ZL006 or IC87201. Finally, MK-801 produced hyperalgesia in the tail-flick test whereas IC87201 and ZL006 did not alter basal nociceptive thresholds. Our studies establish the utility of using AlphaScreen and purified protein pairs to establish and quantify disruption of protein-protein interactions. Our results demonstrate previously unrecognized antinociceptive efficacy of ZL006 and establish, using two small molecules, a broad application for PSD95-nNOS inhibitors in treating neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Collectively, our results demonstrate that disrupting PSD95-nNOS protein-protein interactions is effective in attenuating pathological pain without producing unwanted side effects (i.e. motor ataxia) associated with NMDAR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hung Lee
- Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Zhili Xu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nicole M Ashpole
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andy Hudmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pushkar M Kulkarni
- Center for Drug Discovery, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ganesh A Thakur
- Center for Drug Discovery, and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yvonne Y Lai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Biochemistry Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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Huang F, He H, Fan W, Liu Y, Zhou H, Cheng B. Orofacial inflammatory pain affects the expression of MT1 and NADPH-d in rat caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and trigeminal ganglion. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:2991-3002. [PMID: 25206619 PMCID: PMC4146210 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.32.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Very little is known about the role of melatonin in the trigeminal system, including the function of melatonin receptor 1. In the present study, adult rats were injected with formaldehyde into the right vibrissae pad to establish a model of orofacial inflammatory pain. The distribution of melatonin receptor 1 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase in the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus and trigeminal ganglion was determined with immunohistochemistry and histochemistry. The results show that there are significant differences in melatonin receptor 1 expression and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase expression in the trigeminal ganglia and caudal spinal nucleus during the early stage of orofacial inflammatory pain. Our findings suggest that when melatonin receptor 1 expression in the caudal spinal nucleus is significantly reduced, melatonin's regulatory effect on pain is attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, Guangdong Province, China
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Jiang J, Wang D, Zhou X, Huo Y, Chen T, Hu F, Quirion R, Hong Y. Effect of Mas-related gene (Mrg) receptors on hyperalgesia in rats with CFA-induced inflammation via direct and indirect mechanisms. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1027-40. [PMID: 23909597 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mas oncogene-related gene (Mrg) receptors are exclusively distributed in small-sized neurons in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). We investigated the effects of MrgC receptor activation on inflammatory hyperalgesia and its mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A selective MrgC receptor agonist, bovine adrenal medulla peptide 8-22 (BAM8-22) or melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) or the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonist CTAP was administered intrathecally (i.t.) in rats injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in one hindpaw. Thermal and mechanical nociceptive responses were assessed. Neurochemicals were measured by immunocytochemistry, Western blot, ELISA and RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS CFA injection increased mRNA for MrgC receptors in lumbar DRG. BAM8-22 or MSH, given i.t., generated instant short and delayed long-lasting attenuations of CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia, but not mechanical allodynia. These effects were associated with decreased up-regulation of neuronal NOS (nNOS), CGRP and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn and/or DRG. However, i.t. administration of CTAP blocked the induction by BAM8-22 of delayed anti-hyperalgesia and inhibition of nNOS and CGRP expression in DRG. BAM8-22 also increased mRNA for MORs and pro-opiomelanocortin, along with β-endorphin content in the lumbar spinal cord and/or DRG. MrgC receptors and nNOS were co-localized in DRG neurons. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of MrgC receptors suppressed up-regulation of pronociceptive mediators and consequently inhibited inflammatory pain, because of the activation of up-regulated MrgC receptors and subsequent endogenous activity at MORs. The uniquely distributed MrgC receptors could be a novel target for relieving inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Ahlawat A, Rana A, Goyal N, Sharma S. Potential role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2014; 22:269-78. [PMID: 25095760 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-014-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain triggers a cascade of events in the sensory neurons. It is the main complication of diabetes after cardiovascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) produced from nitric oxide synthases (NOS) is an important signaling molecule which is crucial for many physiological processes such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, vasodilation, vascular homeostasis, immune regulation. Overproduction of NO due to changes in NOS isoforms level involves pathological processes such as neurotoxicity, septic shock and neuropathic pain. All three isoforms of NOS as well as their end product, NO have modulatory effect on neuropathic pain. Overactivation of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor and peroxynitrite formation results in high levels of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) which suggest that nNOS and eNOS are critical for pain hypersensitivity. Inducible NOS induced in glia by inflammation due to activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor α, Calcitonin Gene Regulating Peptide, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases, Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases can induce neuronal death. This review focuses on different nitric oxide synthases and their role in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain considering NOS as an important therapeutic target.
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Liu Y, Cui X, Sun YE, Yang X, Ni K, Zhou Y, Ma Z, Gu X. Intrathecal injection of the peptide myr-NR2B9c attenuates bone cancer pain via perturbing N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-PSD-95 protein interactions in mice. Anesth Analg 2014; 118:1345-54. [PMID: 24842180 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDARs)-dependent central sensitization plays an important role in cancer pain. Binding of NMDAR subunit 2B (NR2B) by postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) can couple NMDAR activity to intracellular enzymes, such as neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), facilitate downstream signaling pathways, and modulate NMDAR stability, contributing to synaptic plasticity. In this study, we investigated whether perturbing the specific interaction between spinal NR2B-containing NMDAR and PSD-95, using a peptide-mimetic strategy, could attenuate bone cancer-related pain behaviors. METHODS Osteosarcoma cells were implanted into the intramedullary space of the right femurs of C3H/HeJ mice to induce progressive bone cancer-related pain behaviors. Western blotting was applied to examine the expression of spinal phospho-Tyr1472 NR2B, nNOS, and PSD-95. We further investigated the effects of intrathecal injection of the mimetic peptide Myr-NR2B9c, which competitively disrupts the interaction between PSD-95 and NR2B, on nociceptive behaviors and on the upregulation of phospho-Tyr1472 NR2B, nNOS, and PSD-95 associated with bone cancer pain in the spinal cord. RESULTS Inoculation of osteosarcoma cells induced progressive bone cancer pain and resulted in a significant upregulation of phospho-Tyr1472 NR2B, nNOS, and PSD-95. Intrathecal administration of Myr-NR2B9c attenuated bone cancer-evoked mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and reduced spinal phospho-Tyr1472 NR2B, nNOS, and PSD-95 expression. CONCLUSIONS Intrathecal administration of Myr-NR2B9c reduced bone cancer pain. Internalization of spinal NR2B and dissociation NR2B-containing NMDARs activation from downstream nNOS signaling may contribute to the analgesic effects of Myr-NR2B9c. This approach may circumvent the negative consequences associated with blocking NMDARs, and may be a novel strategy for the treatment of bone cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Negrete R, Hervera A, Leánez S, Pol O. Treatment with a carbon monoxide-releasing molecule inhibits chronic inflammatory pain in mice: nitric oxide contribution. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:853-61. [PMID: 24114430 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbon monoxide synthetized by inducible heme oxygenase (HO-1) exerts potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects during acute and neuropathic pain, but its role in the modulation of chronic inflammatory pain and the possible involvement of nitric oxide in this action remain unknown. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS The antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of a carbon monoxide releasing molecule, tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II) dimer (CORM-2), daily administered from days 4 to 14 after complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection in wild-type (WT), neuronal (NOS1-KO), and inducible (NOS2-KO) nitric oxide synthases knockout mice, were evaluated using von Frey filaments and plantar tests. Effects of CORM-2 treatment on the expression of HO-1, NOS1, and NOS2 at 14 days after inflammation induction were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS Main inflammatory pain symptoms induced by CFA in WT, NOS1-KO, and NOS2-KO mice were significantly reduced in a time-dependent manner by CORM-2 treatment. In all genotypes, inflammation increased the dorsal root ganglia and paw expression of HO-1, but CORM-2 treatment only over-expressed this enzyme in the paw of all genotypes. The increased NOS1 expression induced by inflammation in WT mice was abolished by CORM-2 treatment, while there was no effect of the inflammation in neither CORM-2 treatment in the expression of NOS2 in WT and NOS1-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS CORM-2 treatment inhibits inflammatory pain through enhancing HO-1 paw expression in all genotypes and reducing NOS1 over-expression in WT mice. An interaction between HO-1/carbon monoxide and NOS1/nitric oxide systems was also demonstrated. CORM-2 treatment may represent a new approach for management chronic inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Negrete
- Grup de Neurofarmacologia Molecular, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau & Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina. Edifici M2-115, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Dual effect of exogenous nitric oxide on neuronal excitability in rat substantia gelatinosa neurons. Neural Plast 2014; 2014:628531. [PMID: 24511395 PMCID: PMC3910459 DOI: 10.1155/2014/628531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in nociceptive transmission. It can induce analgesic and hyperalgesic effects in the central nervous system. In this study, patch-clamp recording was used to investigate the effect of NO on neuronal excitability in substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of the spinal cord. Different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO donor) induced a dual effect on the excitability of neuronal membrane: 1 mM of SNP evoked membrane hyperpolarization and an outward current, whereas 10 µM induced depolarization of the membrane and an inward current. These effects were prevented by hemoglobin and 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (c-PTIO) (NO scavengers), phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN; nonspecific reactive oxygen species scavenger), and through inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). Pretreatment with n-ethylmaleimide (NEM; thiol-alkylating agent) also decreased effects of both 1 mM and 10 µM SNP, suggesting that these responses were mediated by direct S-nitrosylation. Charybdotoxin (CTX) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) (large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel blockers) and glybenclamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker) decreased SNP-induced hyperpolarization. La3+ (nonspecific cation channel blocker), but not Cs+ (hyperpolarization-activated K+ channel blocker), blocked SNP-induced membrane depolarization. In conclusion, NO dually affects neuronal excitability in a concentration-dependent manner via modification of various K+ channels.
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Bavencoffe A, Chen SR, Pan HL. Regulation of nociceptive transduction and transmission by nitric oxide. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2014; 96:1-18. [PMID: 25189381 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800254-4.00001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential involvement of nitric oxide (NO), a diffusible gaseous signaling messenger, in nociceptive transduction and transmission has been extensively investigated. However, there is no consistent and convincing evidence supporting the pronociceptive action of NO at the physiological concentration, and the discrepancies are possibly due to the nonspecificity of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and different concentrations of NO donors used in various studies. At the spinal cord level, NO predominantly reduces synaptic transmission by inhibiting the activity of NMDA receptors and glutamate release from primary afferent terminals through S-nitrosylation of voltage-activated calcium channels. NO also promotes synaptic glycine release from inhibitory interneurons through the cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G signaling pathway. Thus, NO probably functions as a negative feedback regulator to reduce nociceptive transmission in the spinal dorsal horn during painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Bavencoffe
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shao-Rui Chen
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hui-Lin Pan
- Center for Neuroscience and Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Camargo E, Santana D, Silva C, Teixeira S, Toyama M, Cotrim C, Landucci E, Antunes E, Muscara M, Costa S. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide as a therapeutical target for acute pancreatitis induced by secretory phospholipase A2. Eur J Pain 2013; 18:691-700. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E.A. Camargo
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; São Cristóvão Brazil
| | - D.G. Santana
- Department of Physiology; Federal University of Sergipe; São Cristóvão Brazil
| | - C.I. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - S.A. Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - M.H. Toyama
- São Vicente Unit; University of São Paulo State (UNESP); São Vicente Brazil
| | - C. Cotrim
- São Vicente Unit; University of São Paulo State (UNESP); São Vicente Brazil
| | - E.C.T. Landucci
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - E. Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medical Sciences; State University of Campinas (UNICAMP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - M.N. Muscara
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
| | - S.K.P. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo (USP); Brazil
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Kahn MJ, Maley JH, Lasker GF, Kadowitz PJ. Updated role of nitric oxide in disorders of erythrocyte function. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2013; 13:83-7. [PMID: 23534951 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x11313010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a potent vasodilator that plays a critical role in disorders of erythrocyte function. Sickle cell disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and banked blood preservation are three conditions where nitric oxide is intimately related to dysfunctional erythrocytes. These conditions are accompanied by hemolysis, thrombosis and vasoocclusion. Our understanding of the interaction between nitric oxide, hemoglobin, and the vasculature is constantly evolving, and by defining this role we can better direct trials aimed at improving the treatments of disorders of erythrocyte function. Here we briefly discuss nitric oxide's interaction with hemoglobin through the hypothesis regarding Snitrosohemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and myoglobin as nitrite reductases. We then review the current understanding of the role of nitric oxide in sickle cell disease, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and banked blood, and discuss therapeutics in development to target nitric oxide in the treatment of some of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc J Kahn
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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PKC-Dependent Signaling Pathways within PAG and Thalamus Contribute to the Nitric Oxide-Induced Nociceptive Behavior. ISRN PAIN 2013; 2013:471378. [PMID: 27335876 PMCID: PMC4893404 DOI: 10.1155/2013/471378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule involved in nociceptive processing in the central nervous system. The release of NO within the spinal cord has long been implicated in the mechanisms underlying exaggerated pain sensitivity, and administration of NO donors can induce hyperalgesia. To elucidate the supraspinal mechanism responsible for NO-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity, we investigated the modulation of protein kinase C (PKC) and downstream effectors following treatment with the NO donors nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside. Both compounds induced a prolonged cold allodynia and heat hyperalgesia, increased levels of c-Fos and IL-1β, and activated NF-κB within periaqueductal grey matter and thalamus. Simultaneously, an increased expression and phosphorylation of PKC γ and ε were detected. To clarify the cellular mechanism involved in the NO-induced hypernociception, we examined the expression of transcription factors that act as PKC downstream effectors. A dramatic hyperphosphorylation of CREB and STAT1 was observed. The i.c.v. administration of the PKC blocker calphostin C prevented the NO-induced hypernociception, the hyperphosphorylation of CREB and STAT1, and partially reduced NF-κB activation. Conversely, the increase of IL-1β was unmodified by calphostin C. These results suggest the relevance of cerebral PKC-mediated CREB and STAT1 activation in the NO donor-induced nociceptive behavior.
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Galeotti N, Ghelardini C. Reversal of NO-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity by St. John's wort and hypericin: NF-κB, CREB and STAT1 as molecular targets. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 227:149-63. [PMID: 23254377 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hypericum perforatum, popularly called St. John's wort (SJW), is a medicinal plant mainly used as antidepressant with a favorable safety profile than standard antidepressants. Some studies have also documented other SJW bioactivities, including pain modulation. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to demonstrate the capability of SJW to relieve nitric oxide (NO)-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity and identify the effective component. METHODS Nociceptive hypersensitivity induced by administration of the NO donors nitroglycerin (GTN) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was assessed by cold and hot plate tests. The cellular pathways and molecular targets involved were investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS GTN and SNP produced a prolonged allodynia and hyperalgesia in mice. A single oral administration of low doses of an SJW dried extract or purified hypericin reversed the NO donor-induced nociceptive behavior whereas hyperforin and flavoinoids were ineffective. Investigating into the cellular pathways involved, an increased CREB and STAT1 phosphorylation, and activation of NF-κB were detected within PAG and thalamus following NO donors' administration. These cellular events were prevented by SJW or hypericin. Since hypericin showed PKC blocking properties, a role of PKC as an upstream modulator of these transcription factors was hypothesized. NO donors increased expression and phosphorylation of protein kinase C (PKC) γ and ε isoforms, molecular events prevented by SJW or hypericin. CONCLUSIONS SJW reversed NO-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity through the blockade of a supraspinal signaling pathway involving a PKC-dependent CREB, STAT1 and NF-κB activation due to presence of hypericin. These data indicate SJW/hypericin as a therapeutic perspective for pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Galeotti
- Department of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
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Andreasen JT, Bach A, Gynther M, Nasser A, Mogensen J, Strømgaard K, Pickering DS. UCCB01-125, a dimeric inhibitor of PSD-95, reduces inflammatory pain without disrupting cognitive or motor performance: Comparison with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Neuropharmacology 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Nasser A, Bjerrum OJ, Heegaard AM, Møller AT, Larsen M, Dalbøge LS, Dupont E, Jensen TS, Møller LB. Impaired behavioural pain responses in hph-1 mice with inherited deficiency in GTP cyclohydrolase 1 in models of inflammatory pain. Mol Pain 2013; 9:5. [PMID: 23421753 PMCID: PMC3626862 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-9-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTP-CH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), encoded by the GCH1 gene, has been implicated in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain in rats. In humans, homozygous carriers of a "pain-protective" (PP) haplotype of the GCH1 gene have been identified exhibiting lower pain sensitivity, but only following pain sensitisation. Ex vivo, the PP GCH1 haplotype is associated with decreased induction of GCH1 after stimulation, whereas the baseline BH4 production is not affected. Contrary, loss of function mutations in the GCH1 gene results in decreased basal GCH1 expression, and is associated with DOPA-responsive dystonia (DRD). So far it is unknown if such mutations affect acute and inflammatory pain. RESULTS In the current study, we examined the involvement of the GCH1 gene in pain models using the hyperphenylalaninemia 1 (hph-1) mouse, a genetic model for DRD, with only 10% basal GTP-CH1 activity compared to wild type mice. The study included assays for determination of acute nociception as well as models for pain after sensitisation. Pain behavioural analysis of the hph-1 mice showed reduced pain-like responses following intraplantar injection of CFA, formalin and capsaicin; whereas decreased basal level of GTP-CH1 activity had no influence in naïve hph-1 mice on acute mechanical and heat pain thresholds. Moreover, the hph-1 mice showed no signs of motor impairment or dystonia-like symptoms. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate novel evidence that genetic mutations in the GCH1 gene modulate pain-like hypersensitivity. Together, the present data suggest that BH4 is not important for basal heat and mechanical pain, but they support the hypothesis that BH4 plays a role in inflammation-induced hypersensitivity. Our studies suggest that the BH4 pathway could be a therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions. Moreover, the hph-1 mice provide a valid model to study the consequence of congenital deficiency of GCH1 in painful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafat Nasser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Ole J Bjerrum
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Heegaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette T Møller
- The Danish Pain Research Center, Århus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Majbritt Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise S Dalbøge
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik Dupont
- Department of Neurology, Århus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Troels S Jensen
- The Danish Pain Research Center, Århus University Hospital, Århus, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth B Møller
- Applied Human Molecular Genetics, Kennedy Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
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Russo R, D'Agostino G, Mattace Raso G, Avagliano C, Cristiano C, Meli R, Calignano A. Central administration of oxytocin reduces hyperalgesia in mice: implication for cannabinoid and opioid systems. Peptides 2012; 38:81-8. [PMID: 22917880 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) contributes to the regulation of diverse cognitive and physiological functions including nociception. Indeed, OXT has been reported to be analgesic when administered directly into the brain, the spinal cord, or systemically. Although many authors have reported the analgesic effects of OXT, its mechanism has not been well elucidated. Recently, it has been also hypothesize that OXT, increasing intracellular concentration of calcium, could regulate the production of mediators, like endocannabinoids (eCB). It has been well documented that eCB are able to suppress pain pathways. The present study investigates the effect of OXT in paw carrageenan-induced pain. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of OXT, but neither intraperitoneal nor intraplantar route, induces an antihyperalgesic effect increasing paw withdrawal latency to mechanical or thermal stimuli. Our results clearly demonstrate that 3 and 6h following carrageenan challenge, central administration of OXT (30 ng/mouse) shows a significant antihyperalgesic activity. Moreover, for the first time, we demonstrate that CB1 receptor plays a key role in the antihyperalgesic effect of OXT. In fact our results show CB1 antagonist, but not the specific CB2 antagonist reduce OXT-induced antihyperalgesic effect. In addition, our data show that central OXT administration is able to reduce carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia but does not modify carrageenan-induced paw edema. Finally, using opioid antagonists we confirm an important role of opioid receptors. In conclusion, our experiments suggest that central administration of OXT reduces hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan, and this effect may work via cannabinoid and opioid systems.
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MESH Headings
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Animals
- Carrageenan/adverse effects
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Edema/chemically induced
- Edema/drug therapy
- Hyperalgesia/chemically induced
- Hyperalgesia/drug therapy
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Male
- Mice
- Motor Activity/drug effects
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Oxytocin/administration & dosage
- Oxytocin/pharmacology
- Pain/chemically induced
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Oxytocin/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/drug effects
- Spinal Cord/enzymology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Russo
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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48
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Wang D, Ruan L, Hong Y, Chabot JG, Quirion R. Involvement of PKA-dependent upregulation of nNOS-CGRP in adrenomedullin-initiated mechanistic pathway underlying CFA-induced response in rats. Exp Neurol 2012; 239:111-9. [PMID: 23063906 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that intrathecal administration of the adrenomedullin (AM) receptor antagonist AM(22-52) produces a long-lasting anti-hyperalgesia effect. This study examined the hypothesis that AM recruits other pronociceptive mediators in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation. Injection of CFA in the hindpaw of rat produced an increase in the expression of nNOS in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the spinal dorsal horn. An intrathecal administration of AM(22-52), but not the CGRP antagonist BIBN4096BS, abolished the CFA-induced increase of nNOS. Moreover, AM-induced increase of CGRP was inhibited by the nNOS inhibitors L-NAME and 7-nitroindazole in cultured ganglion explants. Addition of AM to ganglion cultures induced an increase in nNOS protein, which was attenuated by the PKA inhibitor H-89. Treatment with AM also concentration-dependently increased cAMP content and pPKA protein level, but not its non-phosphorylated form, in cultured ganglia. In addition, nNOS was shown to be co-localized with the AM receptor components calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity-modifying protein 2- and 3 in DRG neurons. The present study suggests that the enhanced activity of nitric oxide (NO) mediates the biological action of AM at the spinal level and that AM recruits NO-CGRP via cAMP/PKA signaling in a mechanistic pathway underlying CFA-induced hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Neuroscience, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
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Chun YH, Auh QS, Lee J, Ro JY. Masseter inflammation differentially regulates three nitric oxide synthases in the rat trigeminal subnucleus caudalis. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1141-6. [PMID: 22480457 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate changes in expression levels of three nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), namely inducible NOS (iNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS), in the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal sensory nuclear complex (Vc) under experimental myositis conditions. DESIGN Male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with an inflammatory agent, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), or capsaicin in the masseter muscle. The brainstem region containing the Vc was extracted at both immediate (30 and 60 min) and longer (1, 3, 7 days) time points to examine the changes in the three NOS protein levels via the Western blot technique. Subsequently, the RT-PCR experiments were carried out to verify the changes in iNOS mRNA. RESULTS Following the injections of CFA, there were no significant changes in the level of the three NOS proteins at the immediate time points. However, there was a significant upregulation of iNOS mRNA and protein 3 days after CFA-induced inflammation. Neither nNOS nor eNOS showed significant changes in the protein level at any of the longer time points. Capsaicin injection in the masseter, which we recently reported to upregulate all three NOS at the immediate time points, did not result in significant changes at longer time points. CONCLUSION Acute and chronic muscle inflammation differentially modulates the expression of the three NOS in the Vc. These data suggest that the contribution of each NOS in craniofacial muscle pain processing under inflammatory conditions may be anticipated with distinct temporal profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hyun Chun
- Kyung Hee University, School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine, 1 Hoegi Dong, Dongdaemun Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
metaXCMS is a software program for the analysis of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic data. It is designed to identify the differences between metabolic profiles across multiple sample groups (e.g., 'healthy' versus 'active disease' versus 'inactive disease'). Although performing pairwise comparisons alone can provide physiologically relevant data, these experiments often result in hundreds of differences, and comparison with additional biologically meaningful sample groups can allow for substantial data reduction. By performing second-order (meta-) analysis, metaXCMS facilitates the prioritization of interesting metabolite features from large untargeted metabolomic data sets before the rate-limiting step of structural identification. Here we provide a detailed step-by-step protocol for going from raw mass spectrometry data to metaXCMS results, visualized as Venn diagrams and exported Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. There is no upper limit to the number of sample groups or individual samples that can be compared with the software, and data from most commercial mass spectrometers are supported. The speed of the analysis depends on computational resources and data volume, but will generally be less than 1 d for most users. metaXCMS is freely available at http://metlin.scripps.edu/metaxcms/.
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