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Yosipovitch G, Kim B, Luger T, Lerner E, Metz M, Adiri R, Canosa JM, Cha A, Ständer S. Similarities and differences in peripheral itch and pain pathways in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:904-912. [PMID: 38103700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is predominantly characterized by intense itching, but concomitant skin pain is experienced by more than 40% of patients. Patients with AD display considerable somatosensory aberrations, including increased nerve sensitivity to itch stimuli (hyperknesis), perception of itch from innocuous stimuli (alloknesis), or perception of pain from innocuous stimuli (allodynia). This review summarizes the current understanding of the similarities and differences in the peripheral mechanisms underlying itch and pain in AD. These distinct yet reciprocal sensations share many similarities in the peripheral nervous system, including common mediators (such as serotonin, endothelin-1, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin), receptors (such as members of the G protein-coupled receptor family and Toll-like receptors), and ion channels for signal transduction (such as certain members of the transient receptor potential [TRP] cation channels). Itch-responding neurons are also sensitive to pain stimuli. However, there are distinct differences between itch and pain signaling. For example, specific immune responses are associated with pain (type 1 and/or type 3 cytokines and certain chemokine C-C [CCL2, CCL5] and C-X-C [CXCL] motif ligands) and itch (type 2 cytokines, including IL-31, and periostin). The TRP melastatin channels TRPM2 and TRPM3 have a role in pain but no known role in itch. Activation of μ-opioid receptors is known to alleviate pain but exacerbate itch. Understanding the connection between itch and pain mechanisms may offer new insights into the treatment of chronic pain and itch in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Yosipovitch
- Miami Itch Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Fla.
| | - Brian Kim
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo
| | | | - Ethan Lerner
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Mass
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roni Adiri
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Israel Ltd, Herzliya Pituach, Israel
| | | | | | - Sonja Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Soltani S, Hollstein MM, Berliner D, Buhl T, Bauersachs J, Werfel T, Bavendiek U, Traidl S. Symptom severity reflected by NYHA grade is independently associated with pruritus in chronic heart failure patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 38420867 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruritus is a symptom profoundly impairing patients' quality of life (QoL). It is a common symptom in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients of yet unknown nature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of pruritus in CHF patients. METHODS For this monocentric, prospective cohort study, CHF patients were recruited and CHF symptoms, comorbidities and drug intake were assessed using a structured report. Additionally, a questionnaire evaluated pruritus symptoms. Detailed medical histories including laboratory test results were retrieved from patient files for all participants. RESULTS We evaluated data from 550 CHF patients. Of those, 25.3% reported pruritus to occur frequently (3-5 times per week), often (1-2 times per week) or daily. Patients of higher NYHA classes (NYHA III + IV) experienced significantly more pruritus (31.2%) than lower NYHA classes (NYHA I + II) (21.1%, p = 0.024). Patients with pruritus reported disproportionately often concomitant stasis dermatitis (p = 0.026) and chronic lung disease (p = 0.014). Other parameters reflecting cardiac, liver, kidney and thyroid function, as well as medical therapies showed no significant differences between patients with and without pruritus. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only NYHA class (p = 0.016, OR 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.09; 2.20]) and elevated leukocyte count (p = 0.007, OR 1.11, CI [1.03; 1.21]) remained significantly associated with pruritus in CHF patients. CONCLUSIONS NYHA class is an independent predictor for pruritus in CHF patients. Besides NYHA class, leukocyte count was also associated with increased pruritus. Pruritus may impair QoL in CHF patients and should thus be included in the assessment of those patients. We suggest that providing best care for CHF patients can be achieved through an interdisciplinary approach of cardiologists and dermatologists and should include a pruritus assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Soltani
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Moritz M Hollstein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Berliner
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Timo Buhl
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Udo Bavendiek
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Stephan Traidl
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Soni B, Shivgotra R, Trehan K, Chhina A, Saini M, Jain SK, Thakur S. An Overview of Contemporary and Future Therapeutic Strategies for Scalp Psoriasis. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:353-373. [PMID: 38500274 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501292755240304063020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Scalp psoriasis is a common manifestation of psoriasis that significantly impacts a patient's quality of life. About 80% of cases of psoriasis involve the scalp, making it the most frequently affected area of the body. The treatment of scalp psoriasis is particularly crucial because of its hard-to-treat nature and substantial adverse impacts on overall well-being. Along with the physical symptoms of discomfort and itching, psoriasis, especially when it affects the scalp, can cause severe psychological damage. Treating scalp psoriasis can be challenging due to its location and associated symptoms, such as scaling and pruritus, which is why various drugs have become widely used for refractory cases. Topical treatments like corticosteroids and vitamin D analogs manage scalp psoriasis by reducing inflammation and regulating skin cell growth. Tar-based shampoos, salicylic acid solutions, and moisturizers control scaling. Phototherapy with UVB light reduces inflammation. Severe cases may require systemic medications such as oral retinoids and immunosuppressants. While various therapies are accessible for scalp psoriasis, concerns arise due to their limited advantages and the absence of controlled studies assessing their effectiveness. Considering these challenges, there is a clear demand for innovative approaches to address this condition effectively. Recent advancements in topical therapies, phototherapy, systemic agents, and complementary therapies have shown promising results in managing scalp psoriasis. Also, the advent of biologics, specifically anti-IL-17 and anti-IL-23 drugs for scalp psoriasis, has seen significant improvements. The review highlights the lack of well-tolerated and effective treatments for scalp psoriasis and underscores the importance of further research in this area. The objective of this review is to clarify the different treatment options currently available or being investigated in clinical trials for managing scalp psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Riya Shivgotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Karan Trehan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Aashveen Chhina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Muskaan Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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Arai I, Tsuji M, Saito S, Takeda H. Experimental Study: Interleukin-31 Augments Morphine-Induced Antinociceptive Activity and Suppress Tolerance Development in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16548. [PMID: 38003738 PMCID: PMC10671644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphine-induced antinociception is partially reduced in interleukin-31 (IL-31) receptor A (IL-31RA)-deficient mice, indicating that IL-31RA is crucial for morphine-induced peripheral antinociception. Herein, we examined the combined effects of IL-31 and morphine on the antinociceptive activity and itch-associated scratching behavior (LLS) in mice and elucidated the regulatory mechanisms. A hot-plate test was used to assess antinociception. LLS was automatically detected and recorded via a computer. IL-31RA mRNA expression was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Repeated pre-treatment with IL-31 resulted in significant antinociceptive activity. Repeated administration of morphine decreased the morphine-induced antinociceptive activity, LLS counts, and regular dose and inhibited IL-31-induced LLS. These results suggested that the repeated administration of morphine depleted inter-neuronal IL-31RA levels, preventing morphine-induced antinociception. Therefore, IL-31 may be helpful as an adjunct analgesic to morphine. To explore the benefits of IL-31, its influence on morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance in mice was examined. An IL-31 and morphine combination increased the analgesic action, which increased the expression of DRG neuronal IL-31RA, elucidating the site of peripheral antinociception of morphine. This site may induce exocytosis of IL-31RA in the sensory nervous system. Collectively, the suppressive effect of IL-31 on morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance may result from IL-31RA supplementation in sensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Arai
- Department of Pharmacology, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8510, Japan
- Division of Environmental Allergy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8510, Japan
| | - Saburo Saito
- Division of Environmental Allergy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8510, Japan
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Follansbee T, Dong X. A tactile twist: decoding the phenomena of mechanical itch and alloknesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1278151. [PMID: 37771556 PMCID: PMC10523328 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1278151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is a sensation in the skin which provokes the desire to scratch. In the past few decades there has been a significant elucidation of the immune and neural pathways which underly the sensation of itch. An interesting divergence in the itch pathway relates to the type of stimulation used to evoke an itchy sensation. Commonly, chemical mediators of itch such as histamine are injected into the skin where they activate their cognate receptors on sensory neurons. Another way to evoke itch, particularly in patients with chronic itch, is to use light mechanical stimulation. Investigation into these pathways utilizing the mouse model have shown that the neuronal pathways which underly chemical itch are distinct from those which mediate itch in response to mechanical stimulation. Specific populations of primary sensory neurons, spinal interneurons and transmission neurons have been identified which suggests a labeled line for itch transmission. Additionally, Piezo channels, which underly mechanosensation, were discovered to play an important role in the mechanical itch pathway. Given these novel findings relating to the mechanical itch pathway, the purpose of this review is to summarize the reports from human subjects and animal studies to highlight the advances in our understanding of mechanical itch and alloknesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Follansbee
- Department of Neuroscience, Howard Huges Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Howard Huges Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Chen R, Xu X, Wang XY, Jia WB, Zhao DS, Liu N, Pang Z, Liu XQ, Zhang Y. The lateral habenula nucleus regulates pruritic sensation and emotion. Mol Brain 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 37370111 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is a complex aversive sensory and emotional experience. As a most upsetting symptom in many dermatological and systemic diseases, it lacks efficient treatments. The lateral habenula nucleus (LHb) encodes negative emotions in the epithalamus and has been implicated in pain and analgesia. Nevertheless, the role of the lateral habenula nucleus in the pruritic sensation and emotion remains elusive. Here we defined the crucial role of glutamatergic neurons within the lateral habenula nucleus (GluLHb) in itch modulation in mice. We established histamine-dependent and histamine-independent models of acute pruritus, as well as the acetone-ether-water (AEW) model of chronic pruritus. We first assessed the effects of pruritogen injection on neural activation in both medial and lateral divisions of LHb in vitro. We then demonstrated that the population activity of GluLHb neurons was increased during the acute itch and chronic itch-induced scratching behaviors in vivo. In addition, electrophysiological data showed that the excitability of GluLHb neurons was enhanced by chronic itch. Chemogenetic suppression of GluLHb neurons disrupted both acute and chronic itch-evoked scratching behaviors. Furthermore, itch-induced conditioned place aversion (CPA) was abolished by GluLHb neuronal inhibition. Finally, we dissected the LHb upstream brain regions. Together, these findings reveal the involvement of LHb in processing both the sensational and emotional components of pruritus and may shed new insights into itch therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Wen-Bin Jia
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - De-Shan Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Na Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zhen Pang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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7
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Ueda Y, Uta D, Furue H, Ohtubo Y. An electrophysiological method for evaluation of topical antipruritic drugs on itch-related neuronal activities in the spinal cord in hairless mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 952:175798. [PMID: 37207968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of antipruritic drugs, it is important to determine whether the neural responses induced by physiological itch stimuli are suppressed. Although there are several behavioral assessments for topical antipruritic drugs applied to the skin, there are few established methods at neuronal levels using in vivo electrophysiological recordings for predicting local efficacy of antipruritic drugs for cutaneous application. To establish an assessment of topical antipruritic drugs applied to skin using in vivo extracellular recording from neurons in the superficial dorsal horn, we examined the relationships between itch-related biting behavior and spinal neuronal responses elicited by intradermal injection of pruritogen serotonin (5-HT) in hairless mice. The efficacy of topical occlusive application of local anesthetics was also evaluated by an in vivo electrophysiological method. 5-HT significantly increased the firing frequency in spinal neurons. The spinal firing frequency time course was similar to that of the biting behavior after the 5-HT injections. The 5-HT-induced spinal responses were significantly decreased by topical occlusive application of lidocaine or a Nav 1.7 channel blocker to the calf. The intradermal 5-HT injection-induced spinal neuronal responses appeared to be suppressed by topical occlusive application of lidocaine or a Nav1.7 channel blocker. The electrophysiological method for evaluating topical antipruritic drugs may be beneficial in assessing local effects on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhki Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan; Drug Development Laboratories, Kyoto R&D Center, Drug Development Research Laboratories, Maruho Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Uta
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Hidemasa Furue
- Department of Neurophysiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Ohtubo
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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8
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Arai I, Saito S. Interleukin-31 Receptor A Expression in the Dorsal Root Ganglion of Mice with Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021047. [PMID: 36674561 PMCID: PMC9866691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. However, the mechanisms underlying AD development remain unclear. In this study, we examined the genetic factors contributing to the onset of itch-associated scratching in different strains of mice. Interleukin-31 (IL-31) induces severe scratching and dermatitis in mice. However, the site of action of IL-31 remains unclear. Cutaneous IL-31 and IL-31 receptor A (IL-31RA) mRNAs in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are expressed exclusively in the AD model, i.e., NC/Nga mice. Here we evaluated the effects of repeated administration of IL-31 on the scratching behavior in NC/Nga, BALB/c, and C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that repeated administration of IL-31 significantly increased itch-associated scratching (LLS) behavior in the three strains of mice. One hour after an intravenous IL-31 injection, BALB/c mice showed alloknesis-like behavior. Mite infestation and IL-31 administration triggered itchy skin, increased LLS counts and DRG neuronal IL-31RA expression, and eventually caused dermatitis. The dermatitis severity and LLS counts induced by mite infestation and IL-31 administration were in the order NC/Nga > BALB/c > C57BL/6. In conclusion, neuronal IL-31RA expression in the DRG was the most important genetic factor affecting the severity of LLS and dermatitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Arai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-03-3433-1111
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Matus CE, Ehrenfeld P, Figueroa CD. The family of kallikrein-related peptidases and kinin peptides as modulators of epidermal homeostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1070-C1087. [PMID: 35993513 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00012.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost skin layer and is part of one of the largest organs in the body; it is supported by the dermis, a network of fibrils, blood vessels, pilosebaceous units, sweat glands, nerves, and cells. The skin as a whole is a protective shield against numerous noxious agents, including microorganisms and chemical and physical factors. These functions rely on the activity of multiple growth factors, peptide hormones, proteases, and specific signaling pathways that are triggered by the activation of distinct types of receptors sited in the cell membranes of the various cell types present in the skin. The human kallikrein family comprises a large group of 15 serine proteases synthesized and secreted by different types of epithelial cells throughout the body, including the skin. At this site, they initiate a proteolytic cascade that generates the active forms of the proteases, some of which regulate skin desquamation, activation of cytokines, and antimicrobial peptides. Kinin peptides are formed by the action of plasma and tissue kallikreins on kininogens, two plasma proteins produced in the liver and other organs. Although kinins are well known for their proinflammatory abilities, in the skin they are also considered important modulators of keratinocyte differentiation. In this review, we summarize the contributions of the kallikreins and kallikrein-related peptidases family and those of kinins and their receptors in skin homeostasis, with special emphasis on their pathophysiological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola E Matus
- Departament of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center of Biomedical and Morphofunctional Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Carlos D Figueroa
- Laboratory of Cellular Pathology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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10
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Weng HJ, Pham QTT, Chang CW, Tsai TF. Druggable Targets and Compounds with Both Antinociceptive and Antipruritic Effects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070892. [PMID: 35890193 PMCID: PMC9318852 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and itch are both important manifestations of various disorders, such as herpes zoster, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Growing evidence suggests that both sensations have shared mediators, overlapping neural circuitry, and similarities in sensitization processes. In fact, pain and itch coexist in some disorders. Determining pharmaceutical agents and targets for treating pain and itch concurrently is of scientific and clinical relevance. Here we review the neurobiology of pain and itch and discuss the pharmaceutical targets as well as novel compounds effective for the concurrent treatment of these sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jui Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Quoc Thao Trang Pham
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Chia-Wei Chang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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11
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McAuliffe LR, Koch CS, Serpell J, Campbell KL. Associations Between Atopic Dermatitis and Anxiety, Aggression, and Fear-Based Behaviors in Dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022; 58:161-167. [PMID: 35793484 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine if anxiety, aggression, and fear-related behaviors are more common in pruritic dogs with atopic dermatitis than nonpruritic, healthy dogs. One hundred forty-one pruritic dogs >1 yr of age with a clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis and a >3 mo history of pruritus were recruited. Dog owners completed a behavioral survey (canine behavioral assessment and research questionnaire) and a pruritus scale (pruritus visual analog scale). Pruritic, atopic dogs showed significant increases in fear- and anxiety-related behaviors as well as aggression compared with a large control group of healthy dogs. Stranger-directed aggression, owner-directed aggression, familiar-dog aggression, dog-directed fear, nonsocial fear, touch sensitivity, excitability, and attention-seeking behaviors were all increased in the study group. Trainability was decreased in the study group. Chronically pruritic dogs experience fear and anxiety and are more likely to display aggression. This is an important welfare issue for these animals. Early recognition of the behavioral derangements that can be associated with chronic pruritic skin disease could allow early intervention with a multidisciplinary approach for these patients, thus improving patient and owner quality of life and long-term treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R McAuliffe
- From the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Wentzville, Missouri (L.R.M., K.L.C.)
| | - Colleen S Koch
- From the Lincoln Land Animal Clinic Ltd., Jacksonville, Illinois (C.S.K.)
| | - James Serpell
- From the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (J.S.)
| | - Karen L Campbell
- From the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center, Wentzville, Missouri (L.R.M., K.L.C.)
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12
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Tominaga M, Takamori K. Peripheral itch sensitization in atopic dermatitis. Allergol Int 2022; 71:265-277. [PMID: 35624035 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a skin disorder caused by skin dryness and barrier dysfunction, resulting in skin inflammation and chronic itch (or pruritus). The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis is thought to be initiated by a lowering of the itch threshold due to dry skin. This lowering of the itch threshold is at least partially due to the increase in intraepidermal nerve fibers and sensitization of sensory nerves by interleukin (IL)-33 produced and secreted by keratinocytes. Such skin is easily prone to itch due to mechanical stimuli, such as rubbing of clothing and chemical stimuli from itch mediators. In patients with atopic dermatitis, once itch occurs, further itch is induced by scratching, and the associated scratching breaks down the skin barrier. Disruption of the skin barrier allows entry into the epidermis of external foreign substances, such as allergens derived from house dust mites, leading to an increased induction of type 2 inflammatory responses. As a result, type 2 cytokines IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 are mainly secreted by Th2 cells, and their action on sensory nerve fibers causes further itch sensitization. These sequences of events are thought to occur simultaneously in patients with atopic dermatitis, leading to a vicious itch-scratch cycle. This vicious cycle becomes a negative spiral that leads to disease burden. Therefore, controlling itch is essential for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. In this review, we summarize and discuss advances in the mechanisms of peripheral itch sensitization in atopic dermatitis, focusing on skin barrier-neuro-immune triadic connectivity.
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13
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Histamine Is Responsible for the Neuropathic Itch Induced by the Pseudorabies Virus Variant in a Mouse Model. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051067. [PMID: 35632808 PMCID: PMC9143737 DOI: 10.3390/v14051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent of pseudorabies (PR). It can infect a wide range of mammals. PRV infection can cause severe acute neuropathy (the so-called “mad itch”) in nonnatural hosts. PRV can infect the peripheral nervous system (PNS), where it can establish a quiescent, latent infection. The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contains the cell bodies of the spinal sensory neurons, which can transmit peripheral sensory signals, including itch and somatic pain. Little attention has been paid to the underlying mechanism of the itch caused by PRV in nonnatural hosts. In this study, a mouse model of the itch caused by PRV was elaborated. BALB/c mice were infected intramuscularly with 105 TCID50 of PRV TJ. The frequency of the bite bouts and the durations of itch were recorded and quantified. The results showed that the PRV-infected mice developed spontaneous itch at 32 h postinfection (hpi). The frequency of the bite bouts and the durations of itch were increased over time. The mRNA expression levels of the receptors and the potential cation channels that are relevant to the itch-signal transmission in the DRG neurons were quantified. The mRNA expression levels of tachykinin 1 (TAC1), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-31, tryptases, tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), and histidine decarboxylase (HDC) were also measured by high-throughput RNA sequencing and real-time reverse transcription PCR. The results showed that the mean mRNA level of the HDC in the DRG neurons isolated from the PRV-infected mice was approximately 25-fold higher than that of the controls at 56 hpi. An immunohistochemistry (IHC) was strongly positive for HDC in the DRG neurons of the PRV-infected mice, which led to the high expression of histamine at the injected sites. The itch of the infected mice was inhibited by chlorphenamine hydrogen maleate (an antagonist for the histamine H1 receptor) in a dose-dependent manner. The mRNA and protein levels of the HDC in the DRG neurons were proportional to the severity of the itch induced by different PRV strains. Taken together, the histamine synthesized by the HDC in the DRG neurons was responsible for the PRV-induced itch in the mice.
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14
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Miron Y, Miller PE, Hughes C, Indersmitten T, Lerner EA, Cevikbas F. Mechanistic Insights into the Anti-Pruritic Effects of Lebrikizumab, an Anti-IL-13 Monoclonal Antibody. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:690-700. [PMID: 35240144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease with persistent and severe itch among its hallmark features. Significant increases in type 2 cytokines (i.e., IL-4, IL-13, IL-31) have been documented in acute AD lesions and lead to multi-faceted downstream effects, including inflammation, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and itch. OBJECTIVE The primary objective of preclinical studies reported here was to test direct effects of IL-13 and the anti-IL-13 monoclonal antibody, lebrikizumab, in a human dorsal root ganglion (hDRG) model in itch amplification, neuronal excitability, and transcriptional downstream targets. METHODS Neuroactive effects were assessed via live cell calcium imaging, electric field stimulation, and RNA sequencing of hDRGs stimulated with IL-13 alone or in combination with lebrikizumab. RESULTS These preclinical findings suggest that IL-13 has a direct enhancer role in multiple itch and neuroactive pathways, as well as transcriptional downstream effects, and provide key insights into the mechanistic basis for lebrikizumab's anti-itch effects. CONCLUSION IL-13 is a potent enhancer of neuronal responses to different itch stimuli, consistent with the neuro-immune axis contributing to chronic itch-associated inflammatory skin disease, and that blockade of this cytokine pathway may provide a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ethan A Lerner
- Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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15
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Riccio D, Andersen HH, Arendt-Nielsen L. Mild Skin Heating Evokes Warmth Hyperknesis Selectively for Histaminergic and Serotoninergic Itch in Humans. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00649. [PMID: 35083491 PMCID: PMC9558757 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic itch can severely affect quality of life. Patients report that their chronic itch can be exacerbated by exposure to warm conditions (“warmth hyperknesis”). The aim of this mechanistic study was to investigate the effect of mild heating of the skin in humans on various experimental models of itch. A total of 18 healthy subjects were recruited to the study. Itch was provoked by histamine, serotonin, or cowhage in 3 different sessions. The provoked area was heated with an infrared lamp, and the skin temperature was either not altered, or was increased by 4°C or 7°C. Subsequent to induction of itch, the itch intensity was recorded for 10 min while the skin was heated continuously throughout the entire period of itch induction. Heating the skin resulted in a significant increase in itch intensity when provoked by histamine or serotonin. It is possible that thermoception and pruriception interact and selectively produce a higher itch intensity in histaminergic and serotoninergic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej, D3-212, DK-9220 Aalborg East, Denmark.
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16
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Li JX, Dong RJ, Zeng YP. Characteristics, mechanism, and management of pain in atopic dermatitis: A literature review. Clin Transl Allergy 2021; 11:e12079. [PMID: 34962720 PMCID: PMC8805692 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, pruritic, immune‐mediated inflammatory disease. Developments in basic science and clinical research have increased our understanding of AD. Although pain as a symptom of AD is underemphasized in previous studies, multiple researchers address pain as a frequent burden of AD. However, the exact role of pain in AD is not fully understood. Aims Our review aimed to summarize the current evidence focusing on characteristics, mechanism, and management of pain in AD. Materials & Methods We conducted a thorough literature review in the PubMed database to figure out different aspects discussing pain in AD, including pain symptoms, burden, the relationship between pain and itch, mechanism, and pain management in AD. Results and Conclusion AD patients affected by skin pain vary from 42.7%‐92.2% with remarkable intensity and heavy burden. Skin pain and itch interacted both in symptoms and mechanisms. Atopic skin with the impaired barrier, neurogenic inflammation mediators, peripheral and central sensitization of pain may possibly explain pain mechanism in AD. Future research is needed to clarify the commonality and disparity of pain and itch in AD in order to seek efficacious medications and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China.,Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Jia Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Ping Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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17
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Shiratori‐Hayashi M, Tsuda M. Spinal glial cells in itch modulation. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00754. [PMID: 34677000 PMCID: PMC8532133 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial cells are non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that are electrically non-excitable and outnumber neurons in humans. Glial cells have attracted attention in recent years for their active involvement in the regulation of neuronal activity, suggesting their contribution to the pathogenesis and progression of neurological diseases. Studies have shown that astrocytes, a type of glial cell, are activated in the spinal cord in response to skin inflammation and contribute to the exacerbation of chronic itch. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the role of astrocytes and other glial cells in the modulation of itch processing and the mechanism of their activation under itch conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shiratori‐Hayashi
- Department of Molecular and System PharmacologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Makoto Tsuda
- Department of Molecular and System PharmacologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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18
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Sanjel B, Kim BH, Song MH, Carstens E, Shim WS. Glucosylsphingosine evokes pruritus via activation of 5-HT 2A receptor and TRPV4 in sensory neurons. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:2193-2207. [PMID: 34766332 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Glucosylsphingosine (GS), an endogenous sphingolipid, is highly accumulated in the epidermis of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) due to abnormal ceramide metabolism. More importantly, GS can evoke scratching behaviors. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which GS induces pruritus has been elusive. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the molecular signaling pathway of GS, especially at the peripheral sensory neuronal levels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Calcium imaging was used to investigate the responses of HEK293T cells or mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to application of GS. Scratching behavior tests were also performed with wild-type and Trpv4 knockout mice. KEY RESULTS GS activated DRG neurons in a manner involving both the 5-HT2A receptor and TRPV4. Furthermore, GS-induced responses were significantly suppressed by various inhibitors, including ketanserin (5-HT2A receptor antagonist), YM254890 (Gαq/11 inhibitor), gallein (Gβγ complex inhibitor), U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor), bisindolylmaleimide I (PKC inhibitor), and HC067047 (TRPV4 antagonist). Moreover, DRG neurons from Trpv4 knockout mice exhibited significantly reduced responses to GS. Additionally, GS-evoked scratching behaviors were greatly decreased by pretreatment with inhibitors of either 5-HT2A receptor or TRPV4. As expected, GS-evoked scratching behavior was also significantly decreased in Trpv4 knockout mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Overall, the present study provides evidence for a novel molecular signaling pathway for GS-evoked pruritus, which utilizes both 5-HT2A receptor and TRPV4 in mouse sensory neurons. Considering the high accumulation of GS in the epidermis of patients with AD, GS could be another pruritogen in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babina Sanjel
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hyun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Earl Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Won-Sik Shim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Abstract
Itch is one of the most primal sensations, being both ubiquitous and important for the well-being of animals. For more than a century, a desire to understand how itch is encoded by the nervous system has prompted the advancement of many theories. Within the past 15 years, our understanding of the molecular and neural mechanisms of itch has undergone a major transformation, and this remarkable progress continues today without any sign of abating. Here I describe accumulating evidence that indicates that itch is distinguished from pain through the actions of itch-specific neuropeptides that relay itch information to the spinal cord. According to this model, classical neurotransmitters transmit, inhibit and modulate itch information in a context-, space- and time-dependent manner but do not encode itch specificity. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is proposed to be a key itch-specific neuropeptide, with spinal neurons expressing GRP receptor (GRPR) functioning as a key part of a convergent circuit for the conveyance of peripheral itch information to the brain.
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20
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Dupilumab Significantly Modulates Pain and Discomfort in Patients With Atopic Dermatitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of 5 Randomized Clinical Trials. Dermatitis 2021; 32:S81-S91. [PMID: 33165005 PMCID: PMC8560147 DOI: 10.1097/der.0000000000000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Pain is a frequent symptom of atopic dermatitis (AD). Objectives The aims of the study were to evaluate the effects of dupilumab on pain/discomfort in AD and to determine whether pain correlates with other outcomes. Methods This was a post hoc analysis of 5 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in which adults with chronic AD received placebo or dupilumab 300 mg every 2 weeks or once weekly with and without topical corticosteroids. Proportions of patients with no pain/discomfort on this dimension of the 5-dimension EuroQoL (EQ-5D) at week 16 (all trials) and week 52 (CHRONOS) were compared between placebo and dupilumab. Correlations were evaluated between pain/discomfort and signs and symptoms of AD. Results Among 2632 evaluated patients, 72.9% to 83.1% reported at least moderate pain/discomfort at baseline. Higher proportions treated with dupilumab reported no pain/discomfort at week 16 relative to placebo; risk differences ranged from 22.3% (95% confidence interval = 11.5%–33.1%) to 42.2% (95% confidence interval = 26.6%–57.8%, all P ≤ 0.0001), with similar effects observed at week 52. Correlations at baseline of pain/discomfort with signs and symptoms of AD were low to moderate. Conclusions Pain/discomfort, present in a substantial proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe AD, was significantly reduced by dupilumab treatment. Given the low-to-moderate correlations with other AD symptoms at baseline, pain likely represents a distinct AD symptom. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT01859988, NCT02277743, NCT02277769, NCT02260986, and NCT02755649.
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21
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El-Telbany DFA, El-Telbany RFA, Zakaria S, Ahmed KA, El-Feky YA. Formulation and assessment of hydroxyzine HCL solid lipid nanoparticles by dual emulsification technique for transdermal delivery. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112130. [PMID: 34560549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyzine HCL (HHCL) is an antihistamine, used for the treatment of allergic skin conditions. The purpose of this study was to achieve a dual phase drug delivery rate across the intact skin, to enhance HHCL permeation through the stratum corneum, to assess the peripheral H1-antihistaminic activity and the extent to which HHCL was systemically absorbed from transdermal gel loaded with solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), as well as to avoid its extreme bitterness. According to 23 factorial design, eight formulations of HHCL-SLNs were prepared by the double emulsification method. Lipid type (XA), surfactant concentration (XB) and co-surfactant concentration (XC) were the independent variables. All formulations were characterized for their surface morphology, particle size, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release study. The optimized formula that provides greater desirability was then incorporated into the transdermal gel. In addition, the efficacy of the developed gel was tested in-vivo using 2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene induced atopic dermatitis as lesion model in mice. F4 showed an average diameter 111 nm ± 0.03, zeta potential - 30 MV ± 2.4 and EE 75.2% ± 4.4. TEM images showed spherical, smooth morphology with uniform particles distribution. In-vivo study demonstrated potent antipruritic efficacy of transdermal gel in atopic dermatitis such as induced lesions compared to HHCL gel. Hence, HHCL solid lipid nanoparticles transdermal gel may be considered as potential for delivery of HHCL and alternatively to traditional oral use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Farag A El-Telbany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania Farag A El-Telbany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherin Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kafr Elsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Yasmin A El-Feky
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt.
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22
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Cerpes U, Repelnig ML, Legat FJ. Itch in Hymenoptera Sting Reactions. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:727776. [PMID: 35387042 PMCID: PMC8974678 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.727776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect stings and the resulting itch are a ubiquitous problem. Stings by members of the insect order Hymenoptera, which includes sawflies, wasps, bees and ants, and especially by bees and wasps are extremely common, with 56–94% of the population being stung at least once in their lifetime. The complex process of venom activity and inflammation causes local reactions with pain and pruritus, sometimes anaphylactic reactions and more seldomly, as in case of numerous stings, systemic intoxication. We reviewed the literature regarding itch experienced after Hymenoptera stings, but found no study that placed a specific focus on this topic. Hymenoptera venoms are composed of many biologically active substances, including peptide toxins and proteinaceous toxins. Peptide toxins from bee venom cause cell lysis and ion channel modulation in the peripheral and central nervous systems, while toxins from wasp venom induce mast cell degranulation and chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the skin. The proteinaceous toxins cause a disruption of the cell membranes and necrotic cell death, degradation of hyaluronan (an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan), increased vascular permeability, hemolysis, as well as activated platelet aggregation. Mediators which could be directly involved in the venom-induced pruritus include histamine and tryptase released from mast cells, interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 from Th2 lymphocytes, as well as leukotriene C4. We postulate that a pruriceptive itch is induced due to the pharmacological properties of Hymenoptera venoms.
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23
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Common and discrete mechanisms underlying chronic pain and itch: peripheral and central sensitization. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1603-1615. [PMID: 34245379 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Normally, an obvious antagonism exists between pain and itch. In normal conditions, painful stimuli suppress itch sensation, whereas pain killers often generate itch. Although pain and itch are mediated by separate pathways under normal conditions, most chemicals are not highly specific to one sensation in chronic pathologic conditions. Notably, in patients with neuropathic pain, histamine primarily induces pain rather than itch, while in patients with atopic dermatitis, bradykinin triggers itch rather than pain. Accordingly, repetitive scratching even enhances itch sensation in chronic itch conditions. Physicians often prescribe pain relievers to patients with chronic itch, suggesting common mechanisms underlying chronic pain and itch, especially peripheral and central sensitization. Rather than separating itch and pain, studies should investigate chronic itch and pain including neuropathic and inflammatory conditions. Here, we reviewed chronic sensitization leading to chronic pain and itch at both peripheral and central levels. Studies investigating the connection between pain and itch facilitate the development of new therapeutics against both chronic dysesthesias based on the underlying pathophysiology.
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24
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Meng J, Li Y, Fischer MJM, Steinhoff M, Chen W, Wang J. Th2 Modulation of Transient Receptor Potential Channels: An Unmet Therapeutic Intervention for Atopic Dermatitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696784. [PMID: 34276687 PMCID: PMC8278285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifaceted, chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease that affects people of all ages. It is characterized by chronic eczema, constant pruritus, and severe discomfort. AD often progresses from mild annoyance to intractable pruritic inflammatory lesions associated with exacerbated skin sensitivity. The T helper-2 (Th2) response is mainly linked to the acute and subacute phase, whereas Th1 response has been associated in addition with the chronic phase. IL-17, IL-22, TSLP, and IL-31 also play a role in AD. Transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels play a significant role in neuroinflammation, itch and pain, indicating neuroimmune circuits in AD. However, the Th2-driven cutaneous sensitization of TRP channels is underappreciated. Emerging findings suggest that critical Th2-related cytokines cause potentiation of TRP channels, thereby exaggerating inflammation and itch sensation. Evidence involves the following: (i) IL-13 enhances TRPV1 and TRPA1 transcription levels; (ii) IL-31 sensitizes TRPV1 via transcriptional and channel modulation, and indirectly modulates TRPV3 in keratinocytes; (iii) The Th2-cytokine TSLP increases TRPA1 synthesis in sensory neurons. These changes could be further enhanced by other Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-25, and IL-33, which are inducers for IL-13, IL-31, or TSLP in skin. Taken together, this review highlights that Th2 cytokines potentiate TRP channels through diverse mechanisms under different inflammatory and pruritic conditions, and link this effect to distinct signaling cascades in AD. This review strengthens the notion that interrupting Th2-driven modulation of TRP channels will inhibit transition from acute to chronic AD, thereby aiding the development of effective therapeutics and treatment optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yanqing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.,Qatar University, College of Medicine, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Weiwei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiafu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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25
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Boulanger N, Wikel S. Induced Transient Immune Tolerance in Ticks and Vertebrate Host: A Keystone of Tick-Borne Diseases? Front Immunol 2021; 12:625993. [PMID: 33643313 PMCID: PMC7907174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks and tick transmitted infectious agents are increasing global public health threats due to increasing abundance, expanding geographic ranges of vectors and pathogens, and emerging tick-borne infectious agents. Greater understanding of tick, host, and pathogen interactions will contribute to development of novel tick control and disease prevention strategies. Tick-borne pathogens adapt in multiple ways to very different tick and vertebrate host environments and defenses. Ticks effectively pharmacomodulate by its saliva host innate and adaptive immune defenses. In this review, we examine the idea that successful synergy between tick and tick-borne pathogen results in host immune tolerance that facilitates successful tick infection and feeding, creates a favorable site for pathogen introduction, modulates cutaneous and systemic immune defenses to establish infection, and contributes to successful long-term infection. Tick, host, and pathogen elements examined here include interaction of tick innate immunity and microbiome with tick-borne pathogens; tick modulation of host cutaneous defenses prior to pathogen transmission; how tick and pathogen target vertebrate host defenses that lead to different modes of interaction and host infection status (reservoir, incompetent, resistant, clinically ill); tick saliva bioactive molecules as important factors in determining those pathogens for which the tick is a competent vector; and, the need for translational studies to advance this field of study. Gaps in our understanding of these relationships are identified, that if successfully addressed, can advance the development of strategies to successfully disrupt both tick feeding and pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boulanger
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle - UR7290, Early Bacterial Virulence, Group Borrelia, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Centre National de Référence Borrelia, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stephen Wikel
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter, M.D., School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, Hamden, CT, United States
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26
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Patrick GJ, Archer NK, Miller LS. Which Way Do We Go? Complex Interactions in Atopic Dermatitis Pathogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 141:274-284. [PMID: 32943210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by recurrent and pruritic skin eruptions. Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, including skin barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and immune dysregulation. Interactions among these factors form a complex, multidirectional network that can reinforce atopic skin disease but can also be ameliorated by targeted therapies. This review summarizes the complex interactions among contributing factors in AD and the implications on disease development and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett J Patrick
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Ramon M, Yakov S, Kuperman P, Granot M. The role of itch and pain modulation in the prediction of phototherapy outcomes: a prospective cohort study. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:1037-1041. [PMID: 32700633 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1800572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ability to predict which chronic itch patients will benefit from particular treatments is a challenge. Common features in itch and pain in respect to sensory elicitation, and mechanisms of processing including sensitization and inhibition at the peripheral and central levels, may serve to understand variability in treatment outcomes. As such this study aimed to explore whether phototherapy outcomes can be predicted by psychophysical parameters of pain and itch modulatory processing. METHODS Prospective cohort study on chronic-itch patients (n = 44) assessed before 20 treatments of NB UVB. Level of itch and pain reduction following painful stimulation (reflecting the 'pain inhibits pain' phenomenon) used to assess the top-down modulation response efficacy. Magnitude of Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) for itch (CPM-itch) and for pain (CPM-pain) (reflecting inhibition) and magnitude of temporal summation (TS) of pain (reflecting ascending facilitation pathways) assessed to predict treatment effect. RESULTS Higher improvement of itch symptoms following phototherapy was correlated with more efficient CPM-itch (r = 0.62, p < .001), but not magnitude of CPM-pain or level of temporal summation. DISCUSSION Findings emphasize the role of descending inhibition pathways in determining phototherapy efficacy in chronic itch patients. Such an evaluation-based approach may contribute to better patient selection for phototherapy improving patients' disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Ramon
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit Yakov
- Department of Dermatology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Pora Kuperman
- The Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Granot
- The Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Studies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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28
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Sakai K, Akiyama T. New insights into the mechanisms behind mechanical itch. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:680-686. [PMID: 32621303 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gentle tactile stimuli, such as insects crawling on the skin, can cause itching sensation called mechanical itch. Recent studies have begun to shed light on the neural mechanisms of mechanical itch. Interestingly, the neural pathway for mechanical itch is apparently different from that for chemical itch triggered by the activation of pruriceptors with various mediators. Mechanical itch dysesthesia is frequently seen in patients with chronic itch. Mechanisms of this dysesthesia are plausibly involved in central sensitization. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of mechanical itch under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Sakai
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tasuku Akiyama
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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29
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Kahremany S, Hofmann L, Gruzman A, Cohen G. Advances in Understanding the Initial Steps of Pruritoceptive Itch: How the Itch Hits the Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144883. [PMID: 32664385 PMCID: PMC7402353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pruritoceptive (dermal) itch was long considered an accompanying symptom of diseases, a side effect of drug applications, or a temporary sensation induced by invading pruritogens, as produced by the stinging nettle. Due to extensive research in recent years, it was possible to provide detailed insights into the mechanism of itch mediation and modulation. Hence, it became apparent that pruritus is a complex symptom or disease in itself, which requires particular attention to improve patients’ health. Here, we summarize recent findings in pruritoceptive itch, including how this sensation is triggered and modulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous pruritogens and their receptors. A differentiation between mediating pruritogen and modulating pruritogen seems to be of great advantage to understand and decipher the molecular mechanism of itch perception. Only a comprehensive view on itch sensation will provide a solid basis for targeting this long-neglected adverse sensation accompanying numerous diseases and many drug side effects. Finally, we identify critical aspects of itch perception that require future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kahremany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukas Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel;
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat 8855630, Israel
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30
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Abstract
Itch is a unique sensation that helps organisms scratch away external threats; scratching itself induces an immune response that can contribute to more itchiness. Itch is induced chemically in the peripheral nervous system via a wide array of receptors. Given the superficial localization of itch neuron terminals, cells that dwell close to the skin contribute significantly to itch. Certain mechanical stimuli mediated by recently discovered circuits also contribute to the itch sensation. Ultimately, in the spinal cord, and likely in the brain, circuits that mediate touch, pain, and itch engage in cross modulation. Much of itch perception is still a mystery, but we present in this review the known ligands and receptors associated with itch. We also describe experiments and findings from investigations into the spinal and supraspinal circuitry responsible for the sensation of itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lay
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and the Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;,
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and the Center for Sensory Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;,
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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31
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Gholyaf M, Sheikh V, Yasrebifar F, Mohammadi Y, Mirjalili M, Mehrpooya M. Effect of mirtazapine on pruritus in patients on hemodialysis: a cross-over pilot study. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1155-1165. [PMID: 32383050 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic pruritus (UP) is a highly prevalent and disturbing problem in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, treatment of UP is largely unsatisfactory. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of mirtazapine, an atypical antidepressant agent with potent antagonistic activity against serotonin (5HT2, 5HT3) and histamine (H1) receptors, in the treatment of pruritus in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS An 8-week long, prospective, open-label, and cross-over randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 77 HD patients with chronic pruritus. After a 2-week washout period, eligible patients were randomly assigned either to the mirtazapine (15 mg per day) or gabapentin (100 per day) for 2 weeks. Following 2 weeks washout period, subjects crossed over to the other treatment arm for 2 more weeks. The severity of pruritus was measured seven times during each treatment period using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Furthermore, at the end of the study, patients also were blindly asked which treatment (first or last in the sequential course of the study) they preferred. RESULTS Sixty-one patients completed two treatment periods of the study. Although, compared to baseline, both gabapentin and mirtazapine treatment resulting in significant improvement in VAS scores, decreasing in pruritus severity was significantly greater in the mirtazapine treatment period compared with the gabapentin treatment period (P < 0.001). Furthermore, although side effects such as drowsiness and dry mouth more reported in the mirtazapine treatment period, overall higher percentage of the study patients preferred mirtazapine over gabapentin for the treatment of their pruritus symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, our study provides evidence that mirtazapine can be an effective therapy for UP in patients who are on maintenance HD. However, further studies would be necessary to confirm effectiveness as well as the safety of mirtazapine in the long-term management of chronic pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Gholyaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Vida Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit of Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yasrebifar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Ave, 6517838678, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Younes Mohammadi
- Modeling of Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili
- Clinical Pharmacy Resident, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehrpooya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Ave, 6517838678, Hamadan, Iran.
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Pecova T, Kocan I, Vysehradsky R, Pecova R. Itch and Cough - Similar Role of Sensory Nerves in Their Pathogenesis. Physiol Res 2020; 69:S43-S54. [PMID: 32228011 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Itch is the most common chief complaint in patients visiting dermatology clinics and is analogous to cough and also sneeze of the lower and upper respiratory tract, all three of which are host actions trying to clear noxious stimuli. The pathomechanisms of these symptoms are not completely determined. The itch can originate from a variety of etiologies. Itch originates following the activation of peripheral sensory nerve endings following damage or exposure to inflammatory mediators. More than one sensory nerve subtype is thought to subservepruriceptive itch which includes both unmyelinated C-fibers and thinly myelinated Adelta nerve fibers. There are a lot of mediators capable of stimulating these afferent nerves leading to itch. Cough and itch pathways are mediated by small-diameter sensory fibers. These cough and itch sensory fibers release neuropeptides upon activation, which leads to inflammation of the nerves. The inflammation is involved in the development of chronic conditions of itch and cough. The aim of this review is to point out the role of sensory nerves in the pathogenesis of cough and itching. The common aspects of itch and cough could lead to new thoughts and perspectives in both fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Pecova
- Clinic of Dermatovenerology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital in Martin, Martin, Slovak
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Jaworek AK, Jaworek M, Makara-Studzińska M, Szafraniec K, Doniec Z, Szepietowski J, Wojas-Pelc A, Pokorski M. Depression and Serum Content of Serotonin in Adult Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1271:83-88. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Abstract
Itch is a topic to which everyone can relate. The physiological roles of itch are increasingly understood and appreciated. The pathophysiological consequences of itch impact quality of life as much as pain. These dynamics have led to increasingly deep dives into the mechanisms that underlie and contribute to the sensation of itch. When the prior review on the physiology of itching was published in this journal in 1941, itch was a black box of interest to a small number of neuroscientists and dermatologists. Itch is now appreciated as a complex and colorful Rubik's cube. Acute and chronic itch are being carefully scratched apart and reassembled by puzzle solvers across the biomedical spectrum. New mediators are being identified. Mechanisms blur boundaries of the circuitry that blend neuroscience and immunology. Measures involve psychophysics and behavioral psychology. The efforts associated with these approaches are positively impacting the care of itchy patients. There is now the potential to markedly alleviate chronic itch, a condition that does not end life, but often ruins it. We review the itch field and provide a current understanding of the pathophysiology of itch. Itch is a disease, not only a symptom of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferda Cevikbas
- Dermira, Inc., Menlo Park, California; and Harvard Medical School and the Cutaneous Biology Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
| | - Ethan A Lerner
- Dermira, Inc., Menlo Park, California; and Harvard Medical School and the Cutaneous Biology Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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35
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Abstract
Eczema is a chronic, relapsing, and remitting disease that can affect patients from infancy through adulthood. Severity of eczema ranges from mild to severe and can be plagued with recurrent flares. These flares can be difficult to treat and may require use of different strategies to address the issue. In this article, the author addresses different therapeutic options that can be used in those patients with difficult-to-treat eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Raveendran
- Division of Allergy/Immunology, Department of Otolaryngology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, OSU Eye and Ear Institute, 915 Olentangy River Road, Suite 4000, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
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36
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Itch sensitization? A systematic review of studies using quantitative sensory testing in patients with chronic itch. Pain 2019; 160:2661-2678. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Harrison IP, Spada F. Breaking the Itch-Scratch Cycle: Topical Options for the Management of Chronic Cutaneous Itch in Atopic Dermatitis. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:medicines6030076. [PMID: 31323753 PMCID: PMC6789602 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic itch is an unpleasant sensation that triggers a desire to scratch that lasts for six weeks or more. It is a major diagnostic symptom of myriad diseases, including atopic dermatitis for which it is the most prominent feature. Chronic itch can be hugely debilitating for the sufferer, damaging in terms of both the monetary cost of treatment and its socioeconomic effects, and few treatment options exist that can adequately control it. Corticosteroids remain the first line treatment strategy for atopic dermatitis, but due to the risks associated with long-term use of corticosteroids, and the drawbacks of other topical options such as topical calcineurin inhibitors and capsaicin, topical options for itch management that are efficacious and can be used indefinitely are needed. In this review, we detail the pathophysiology of chronic pruritus, its key features, and the disease most commonly associated with it. We also assess the role of the skin and its components in maintaining a healthy barrier function, thus reducing dryness and the itch sensation. Lastly, we briefly detail examples of topical options for the management of chronic pruritus that can be used indefinitely, overcoming the risk associated with long-term use of corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P Harrison
- Department of Research and Development, Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., 21-31 Malcolm Road, Braeside VIC 3195, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Spada
- Department of Research and Development, Ego Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd., 21-31 Malcolm Road, Braeside VIC 3195, Australia.
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38
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Leon A, Rosen JD, Hashimoto T, Fostini AC, Paus R, Yosipovitch G. Itching for an answer: A review of potential mechanisms of scalp itch in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1397-1404. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Argentina Leon
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Jordan D. Rosen
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Anna C. Fostini
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery Miami Itch Center Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida
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The role of kinin B 1 and B 2 receptors in the mouse model of oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:62-73. [PMID: 30959373 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in the pre-clinical mouse model of oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis. The B1 R715 or B2 HOE140 receptor antagonists were dosed at different schemes of treatment. After assessment of clinical lesion scores and pruritus, lesional skin samples were collected for histopathological analysis. The plasma extravasation and the expression of the metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 were also assessed. The immunopositivity for kinin receptors was evaluated in the skin, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), thoracic spinal cord and brain cortex sections. Marked upregulation of B1 and B2 receptors was observed in the skin of oxazolone-treated mice. The induction of atopic dermatitis led to a downregulation of both receptors in the DRG, without any alteration in the spinal cord and brain cortex. The repeated administration of HOE140 (50 nmol/kg; i.p.) partially inhibited the oxazolone-related pruritus, associated with a reduction of ADAMTS5 immunolabelling in the skin. Alternatively, R715 (438 nmol/kg; i.p.) produced a mild inhibition of plasma extravasation in oxazolone-challenged mice. Noteworthy, the repeated i.d. injection of R715 (30 nmol/site) or HOE140 (3 nmol/site) significantly reduced the histiocyte numbers, according to the histopathological analysis. Either B1 or B2 kinin antagonists, irrespective of the protocol of treatment, did not alter any other evaluated clinical or histological parameters. Data brings novel evidence about the role of kinin receptors in allergy-related conditions, such as atopic dermatitis. Further studies to test different protocols of treatment with kinin antagonists on in-depth cellular alterations underlying oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis remain to be performed.
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40
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Psychophysical and vasomotor evidence for interdependency of TRPA1 and TRPV1-evoked nociceptive responses in human skin: an experimental study. Pain 2019; 159:1989-2001. [PMID: 29847470 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The TRPA1 and TRPV1 receptors are important pharmaceutical targets for antipruritic and analgesic therapy. Obtaining further knowledge on their roles and interrelationship in humans is therefore crucial. Preclinical results are contradictory concerning coexpression and functional interdependency of TRPV1 and TRPA1, but no human evidence exists. This human experimental study investigated whether functional responses from the subpopulation of TRPA1 nociceptors could be evoked after defunctionalization of TRPV1 nociceptors by cutaneous application of high-concentration capsaicin. Two quadratic areas on each forearm were randomized to pretreatment with an 8% topical capsaicin patch or vehicle for 24 hours. Subsequently, areas were provoked by transdermal 1% topical capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) or 10% topical allyl isothiocyanate ("AITC," a TRPA1 agonist), delivered by 12 mm Finn chambers. Evoked pain intensities were recorded during pretreatments and chemical provocations. Quantitative sensory tests were performed before and after provocations to assess changes of heat pain sensitivity. Imaging of vasomotor responses was used to assess neurogenic inflammation after the chemical provocations. In the capsaicin-pretreated areas, both the subsequent 1% capsaicin- and 10% AITC-provoked pain was inhibited by 92.9 ± 2.5% and 86.9 ± 5.0% (both: P < 0.001), respectively. The capsaicin-ablated skin areas showed significant heat hypoalgesia at baseline (P < 0.001) as well as heat antihyperalgesia, and inhibition of neurogenic inflammation evoked by both 1% capsaicin and 10% AITC provocations (both: P < 0.001). Ablation of cutaneous capsaicin-sensitive afferents caused consistent and equal inhibition of both TRPV1- and TRPA1-provoked responses assessed psychophysically and by imaging of vasomotor responses. This study suggests that TRPA1 nociceptive responses in human skin strongly depend on intact capsaicin-sensitive, TRPV1 fibers.
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41
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Hoffman BU, Baba Y, Griffith TN, Mosharov EV, Woo SH, Roybal DD, Karsenty G, Patapoutian A, Sulzer D, Lumpkin EA. Merkel Cells Activate Sensory Neural Pathways through Adrenergic Synapses. Neuron 2018; 100:1401-1413.e6. [PMID: 30415995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-neuronal signaling is essential for sensory encoding in touch, itch, and nociception; however, little is known about the release mechanisms and neurotransmitter receptors through which skin cells govern neuronal excitability. Merkel cells are mechanosensory epidermal cells that have long been proposed to activate neuronal afferents through chemical synaptic transmission. We employed a set of classical criteria for chemical neurotransmission as a framework to test this hypothesis. RNA sequencing of adult mouse Merkel cells demonstrated that they express presynaptic molecules and biosynthetic machinery for adrenergic transmission. Moreover, live-cell imaging directly demonstrated that Merkel cells mediate activity- and VMAT-dependent release of fluorescent catecholamine neurotransmitter analogs. Touch-evoked firing in Merkel-cell afferents was inhibited either by pre-synaptic silencing of SNARE-mediated vesicle release from Merkel cells or by neuronal deletion of β2-adrenergic receptors. Together, these results identify both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms through which Merkel cells excite mechanosensory afferents to encode gentle touch. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin U Hoffman
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Program in Neurobiology & Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshichika Baba
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theanne N Griffith
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University: Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seung-Hyun Woo
- The Scripps Research Institute & Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D Roybal
- Pharmacology Graduate Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- The Scripps Research Institute & Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Columbia University: Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ellen A Lumpkin
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Program in Neurobiology & Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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42
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Mueller S, Fischer M, Herger S, Nüesch C, Egloff C, Itin P, Cajacob L, Brandt O, Mündermann A. Good vibrations: Itch induction by whole body vibration exercise without the need of a pruritogen. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:1390-1396. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mueller
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Marilena Fischer
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Simon Herger
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Corina Nüesch
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Christian Egloff
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Lucian Cajacob
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Oliver Brandt
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Annegret Mündermann
- Department of Orthopaedics and TraumatologyUniversity Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Basel Basel Switzerland
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Schneider G, Stumpf A, Burgmer M, Volmering L, Broecker P, Ständer S. Relations between a standardized experimental stressor and cutaneous sensory function in patients with chronic pruritus and healthy controls: an experimental case-control study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:2230-2236. [PMID: 29706009 PMCID: PMC6585676 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background While chronic pruritus (CP) is a frequent symptom, many aspects of its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms still need elucidation. Research on sensory cutaneous function and on the influence of stress has been conducted mainly in patients with atopic dermatitis but is lacking for patients with CP. Objective To assess whether a standardized social stressor influences cutaneous sensory function in patients with CP in comparison with healthy controls (HC). Methods Case–control study; 33 CP and 30 HC were submitted to the standardized quantitative sensory testing protocol before and after the Trier Social Stress Test and 1 h later. Intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) was determined. Results Mechanical pain sensitivity and mechanical detection thresholds were significantly higher in CP than in HC, and mechanical detection thresholds increased more in CP than in HC over the three measurements. In both groups, cold pain threshold increased and heat pain threshold decreased from before to after the stress test and remained constant 1 h later. Only in CP, almost all QST tests induced at least a small amount of pruritus, which was not significantly altered by the stress test. IENFD in pruritic skin was significantly reduced in CP when compared to healthy controls. Conclusion Peripheral thermal sensory function was not altered in CP despite reduced IENFD in lesional skin, but we could demonstrate central sensitization processes specifically in CP and influences of an acute stressor inducing more sensitivity to thermal pain in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schneider
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A Stumpf
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M Burgmer
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - L Volmering
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - P Broecker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Jafferany M, Davari ME. Itch and psyche: psychiatric aspects of pruritus. Int J Dermatol 2018; 58:3-23. [PMID: 29917231 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Itch, also referred to as pruritus, is an unpleasant cutaneous sensation provoking the desire to scratch. It is often an uncomfortable, subjective sensation responsible for decreased quality of life in a variety of psychodermatological conditions. Comorbid psychiatric conditions, including depression and anxiety, are frequently associated with itch and scratch cycle. The reciprocal and intricate relationship between the psyche and itch has been widely studied. The neurobiology of itch involves the complexity of specific mediators, itch-related neuronal pathways, and central processing of itch. The connection between itch and the psyche can be grouped under three headings: pruritic diseases with psychosocial sequelae, pruritic diseases aggravated by psychosocial factors, and psychiatric disorders causing pruritus. Itch and pain modulation go together in most circumstances and involve various substances including histamine, interleukins, protease-activated receptors, transient receptor potential receptors, opioids, and cannabinoids. The close interaction between keratinocytes and nerve endings modulating pain and itch also play a major role. Management of itch associated with its psychosomatic components is directed at an underlying cause and adopting a holistic approach to address not only dermatologic and somatosensory aspects, but also the cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial components. An integrated multidisciplinary team consisting of a dermatologist, psychiatrist, psychologist, and social worker is vital in addressing the multifaceted aspects of pruritus.
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Andersen HH, Akiyama T, Nattkemper LA, van Laarhoven A, Elberling J, Yosipovitch G, Arendt-Nielsen L. Alloknesis and hyperknesis—mechanisms, assessment methodology, and clinical implications of itch sensitization. Pain 2018; 159:1185-1197. [DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Andersen HH, Lo Vecchio S, Elberling J, Yosipovitch G, Arendt-Nielsen L. UVB- and NGF-induced cutaneous sensitization in humans selectively augments cowhage- and histamine-induced pain and evokes mechanical hyperknesis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:258-267. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte H. Andersen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Silvia Lo Vecchio
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Jesper Elberling
- The Allergy Clinic, Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital; Gentofte, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology and Itch Center; University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida; Miami FL USA
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Laboratory for Experimental Cutaneous Pain and Itch Research, SMI; Department of Health Science and Technology; Faculty of Medicine; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
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Matsumoto A, Murota H, Terao M, Katayama I. Attenuated Activation of Homeostatic Glucocorticoid in Keratinocytes Induces Alloknesis via Aberrant Artemin Production. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:1491-1500. [PMID: 29474943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Intense chronic itch significantly reduces quality of life for atopic dermatitis patients, impairing daily activity. Although abnormal itch sensation can be induced by innocuous stimuli, known as alloknesis, the mechanisms driving this process remain obscure. Psychological and environmental stimuli are known to aggravate atopic dermatitis symptoms. Recently, the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (HSD11β1), which is expressed in keratinocytes, has been implicated in maintaining homeostasis against environmental stimuli by activating endogenous glucocorticoids. To investigate the role of HSD11β1 in keratinocytes, we generated keratinocyte-specific Hsd11b1-knockout (Hsd11b1KC-/-) mice and analyzed skin phenotype. Hsd11b1KC-/- mice exhibited abnormal cutaneous innervation and skin sensitivity, including light mechanical stimulus-evoked itch (i.e., alloknesis). Attenuated endogenous glucocorticoid activation induced by aberrant artemin production in keratinocytes was involved in alloknesis in Hsd11b1KC-/- mice. Finally, we observed a significant negative correlation between expression of HSD11β1 and artemin in human skin with and without AD. These results suggest that endogenous glucocorticoids that maintain skin homeostasis in the epidermis affect both skin innervation and cutaneous sensation. Modulation of HSD11β1 activation could be a therapeutic target for sensitive or itchy skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsumoto
- Dermatology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Pharmacology Department, Drug Research Center, Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Murota
- Dermatology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mika Terao
- Dermatology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Dermatology, Department of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Steinhoff M, Buddenkotte J, Lerner EA. Role of mast cells and basophils in pruritus. Immunol Rev 2018; 282:248-264. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Steinhoff
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar; Doha Qatar
- Medical School; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
- Department Of Dermatology and UCD Charles Institute for Translational Dermatology; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
| | - Jörg Buddenkotte
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
- Translational Research Institute; Hamad Medical Corporation; Doha Qatar
| | - Ethan A. Lerner
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center; Department of Dermatology; Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School; Charlestown MA USA
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Attenuation of serotonin-induced itch by sumatriptan: possible involvement of endogenous opioids. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:165-172. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Andersen HH, van Laarhoven AI, Elberling J, Arendt-Nielsen L. Modulation of Itch by Conditioning Itch and Pain Stimulation in Healthy Humans. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2017; 18:1437-1450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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