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Alushaj E, Handfield-Jones N, Kuurstra A, Morava A, Menon RS, Owen AM, Sharma M, Khan AR, MacDonald PA. Increased iron in the substantia nigra pars compacta identifies patients with early Parkinson'sdisease: A 3T and 7T MRI study. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 41:103577. [PMID: 38377722 PMCID: PMC10944193 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Degeneration in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNc) underlies motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, there are no neuroimaging biomarkers that are sufficiently sensitive, specific, reproducible, and accessible for routine diagnosis or staging of PD. Although iron is essential for cellular processes, it also mediates neurodegeneration. MRI can localize and quantify brain iron using magnetic susceptibility, which could potentially provide biomarkers of PD. We measured iron in the SNc, SN pars reticulata (SNr), total SN, and ventral tegmental area (VTA), using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2* relaxometry, in PD patients and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). PD patients, diagnosed within five years of participation and HCs were scanned at 3T (22 PD and 23 HCs) and 7T (17 PD and 21 HCs) MRI. Midbrain nuclei were segmented using a probabilistic subcortical atlas. QSM and R2* values were measured in midbrain subregions. For each measure, groups were contrasted, with Age and Sex as covariates, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed with repeated k-fold cross-validation to test the potential of our measures to classify PD patients and HCs. Statistical differences of area under the curves (AUCs) were compared using the Hanley-MacNeil method (QSM versus R2*; 3T versus 7T MRI). PD patients had higher QSM values in the SNc at both 3T (padj = 0.001) and 7T (padj = 0.01), but not in SNr, total SN, or VTA, at either field strength. No significant group differences were revealed using R2* in any midbrain region at 3T, though increased R2* values in SNc at 7T MRI were marginally significant in PDs compared to HCs (padj = 0.052). ROC curve analyses showed that SNc iron measured with QSM, distinguished early PD patients from HCs at the single-subject level with good diagnostic accuracy, using 3T (mean AUC = 0.83, 95 % CI = 0.82-0.84) and 7T (mean AUC = 0.80, 95 % CI = 0.79-0.81) MRI. Mean AUCs reported here are from averages of tests in the hold-out fold of cross-validated samples. The Hanley-MacNeil method demonstrated that QSM outperforms R2* in discriminating PD patients from HCs at 3T, but not 7T. There were no significant differences between 3T and 7T in diagnostic accuracy of QSM values in SNc. This study highlights the importance of segmenting midbrain subregions, performed here using a standardized atlas, and demonstrates high accuracy of SNc iron measured with QSM at 3T MRI in identifying early PD patients. QSM measures of SNc show potential for inclusion in neuroimaging diagnostic biomarkers of early PD. An MRI diagnostic biomarker of PD would represent a significant clinical advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erind Alushaj
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Nicholas Handfield-Jones
- Department of Neuroscience, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Alan Kuurstra
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Anisa Morava
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Manas Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ali R Khan
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Penny A MacDonald
- Western Institute for Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Hajebrahimi F, Budak M, Saricaoglu M, Temel Z, Demir TK, Hanoglu L, Yildirim S, Bayraktaroglu Z. Functional neural networks stratify Parkinson's disease patients across the spectrum of cognitive impairment. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3395. [PMID: 38376051 PMCID: PMC10808882 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive impairment (CI) is a significant non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) that often precedes the emergence of motor symptoms by several years. Patients with PD hypothetically progress from stages without CI (PD-normal cognition [NC]) to stages with Mild CI (PD-MCI) and PD dementia (PDD). CI symptoms in PD are linked to different brain regions and neural pathways, in addition to being the result of dysfunctional subcortical regions. However, it is still unknown how functional dysregulation correlates to progression during the CI. Neuroimaging techniques hold promise in discriminating CI stages of PD and further contribute to the biomarker formation of CI in PD. In this study, we explore disparities in the clinical assessments and resting-state functional connectivity (FC) among three CI stages of PD. METHODS We enrolled 88 patients with PD and 26 healthy controls (HC) for a cross sectional clinical study and performed intra- and inter-network FC analysis in conjunction with comprehensive clinical cognitive assessment. RESULTS Our findings underscore the significance of several neural networks, namely, the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), dorsal attention network, and visual network (VN) and their inter-intra-network FC in differentiating between PD-MCI and PDD. Additionally, our results showed the importance of sensory motor network, VN, DMN, and salience network (SN) in the discriminating PD-NC from PDD. Finally, in comparison to HC, we found DMN, FPN, VN, and SN as pivotal networks for further differential diagnosis of CI stages of PD. CONCLUSION We propose that resting-state networks (RSN) can be a discriminating factor in distinguishing the CI stages of PD and progressing from PD-NC to MCI or PDD. The integration of clinical and neuroimaging data may enhance the early detection of PD in clinical settings and potentially prevent the disease from advancing to more severe stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzin Hajebrahimi
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive‐Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA)Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, School of Health SciencesIstanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Health Informatics, Rutgers University, School of Health ProfessionsRutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Miray Budak
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive‐Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA)Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Ergotherapy, School of Health SciencesIstanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral NeuroscienceRutgers University‐NewarkNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Mevhibe Saricaoglu
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive‐Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA)Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Program of Electroneurophysiology, Vocational SchoolIstanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Zeynep Temel
- Department of PsychologyFatih Sultan Mehmet Vakif UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Tugce Kahraman Demir
- Program of Electroneurophysiology, Vocational SchoolBiruni UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Lutfu Hanoglu
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineIstanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA)Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Suleyman Yildirim
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA)Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, International School of MedicineIstanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Zubeyir Bayraktaroglu
- Functional Imaging and Cognitive‐Affective Neuroscience Lab (fINCAN), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA)Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA)Istanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Department of Physiology, International School of MedicineIstanbul Medipol UniversityIstanbulTurkey
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Jahanshahi A, Ghareaghaji N, Hassanpour S, Vafadar A, Mousavi S, Khezerloo D. Cortical gray matter and cerebral white matter atrophy and asymmetry in Parkinson's disease patients with normal cognitive precede. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-6. [PMID: 38085250 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2294260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with complex and distributed motor and non-motor symptoms. In this study, cortical gray matter (GM) and cerebral white matter (WM) overall atrophy, and asymmetry of atrophy are investigated in PD with normal cognitive function. METHOD Forty-eight male Parkinson's disease(PD) patients with normal cognitive precede (PD-NC), and thirty matched healthy control (HC) subjects were selected from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Brain structures volumes were extracted using Freesurfer software based on subject 3 tesla MRI images. The normalized volume of cortical GM and cerebral WM were compared in two study groups, and then the asymmetry index (AI) of GM and WM atrophy was also assessed in two groups. Statistical analysis was constructed using a t-test with p < 0.05 of significance. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in the volume of cortical GM and cerebral WM in the two study groups. The cortical GM asymmetry index in the PD-NC group was significantly (p = 0.01) higher than the HC group, however, no difference was observed for the cerebral WM asymmetry index. CONCLUSION Atrophy in cortical GM and WM was not observed between the PD-NC and the HC group, however, the asymmetry index in GM was significant between the two group. It seems that the brain's bilateral balance has ruptured in PD. Cortical GM asymmetry in PD-NC can be considered a potent biomarker and should be investigated more in the future. In future studies, construction of a longitudinal study on this issue could be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Jahanshahi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nahideh Ghareaghaji
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hassanpour
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Vafadar
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Mousavi
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davood Khezerloo
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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Khan AF, Adewale Q, Lin SJ, Baumeister TR, Zeighami Y, Carbonell F, Palomero-Gallagher N, Iturria-Medina Y. Patient-specific models link neurotransmitter receptor mechanisms with motor and visuospatial axes of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6009. [PMID: 37752107 PMCID: PMC10522603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease involves multiple neurotransmitter systems beyond the classical dopaminergic circuit, but their influence on structural and functional alterations is not well understood. Here, we use patient-specific causal brain modeling to identify latent neurotransmitter receptor-mediated mechanisms contributing to Parkinson's disease progression. Combining the spatial distribution of 15 receptors from post-mortem autoradiography with 6 neuroimaging-derived pathological factors, we detect a diverse set of receptors influencing gray matter atrophy, functional activity dysregulation, microstructural degeneration, and dendrite and dopaminergic transporter loss. Inter-individual variability in receptor mechanisms correlates with symptom severity along two distinct axes, representing motor and psychomotor symptoms with large GABAergic and glutamatergic contributions, and cholinergically-dominant visuospatial, psychiatric and memory dysfunction. Our work demonstrates that receptor architecture helps explain multi-factorial brain re-organization, and suggests that distinct, co-existing receptor-mediated processes underlie Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Faraz Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Quadri Adewale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sue-Jin Lin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tobias R Baumeister
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yashar Zeighami
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Douglas Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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5
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Crowley SJ, Amin M, Tanner JJ, Ding M, Mareci TA, Price CC. Free Water Fraction Predicts Cognitive Decline for Individuals with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 104:72-77. [PMID: 36265295 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Free water fraction (FWF) is considered a metric of microstructural integrity and may be useful in predicting cognitive decline in idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD). We sought to determine if higher FWF within the dorsal portion of the caudate nucleus and basal nucleus of Meynert, two regions associated with cognitive decline in PD, predict change in cognition over a two-year span. Due to the existence of cognitive and neurophysiological subgroups within PD, we statistically categorized participants based on FWF in these regions. METHODS At baseline, participants completed a research cognitive protocol followed by MRI structural and diffusion metrics. We used k-means cluster analysis with average FWF values from bilateral basal nucleus of Meynert and dorsal caudate to create data-driven FWF clusters for baseline. Two-year reliable change indices were calculated for metrics of language, visuospatial, memory, cognitive flexibility, and reasoning domains. Reliable change scores were compared between the clusters and non-PD peers. RESULTS Baseline participants included 174 participants (112 PD, 62 non-PD). Cluster analysis yielded three clusters: low FWF in both regions of interest (ROIs), high FWF in both ROIs, and moderate FWF in both ROIs. Reliable change analyses were completed on 93 participants (67 PD, 26 non-PD). After controlling for age and education, the High FWF cluster declined more than non-PD peers in every domain except memory. CONCLUSION Individuals with high FWF in regions associated with cognitive decline in PD show significant decline across several cognitive domains compared to non-PD peers. Future research should include FWF in additional cortical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Crowley
- Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Manish Amin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jared J Tanner
- Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Mareci
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA; McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine C Price
- Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Cicero CE, Donzuso G, Luca A, Davì M, Baschi R, Mostile G, Giuliano L, Palmucci S, Salerno A, Monastero R, Nicoletti A, Zappia M. Morphometric
MRI
Cortico‐subcortical features in Parkinson’s Disease with mild cognitive impairment. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:3197-3204. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Edoardo Cicero
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
| | - Giulia Donzuso
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
| | - Antonina Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
| | - Marco Davì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and advanced Diagnostics University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1 Palermo Italy
| | - Roberta Baschi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and advanced Diagnostics University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1 Palermo Italy
| | - Giovanni Mostile
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
- Oasi Research Institute ‐ IRCCS Troina Italy
| | - Loretta Giuliano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
| | - Stefano Palmucci
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Unit University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
| | - Andrea Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
| | - Roberto Monastero
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and advanced Diagnostics University of Palermo, Via La Loggia 1 Palermo Italy
| | - Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced technologies G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Neurosciences University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78 Catania Italy
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Affective disorders and сognitive impairment in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА 2022. [DOI: 10.17816/clinpract100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (BP) is the second most important age-related neurodegenerative disease in developed societies after Alzheimer's disease with a prevalence of 41 per 100,000 in the fourth decade of life to more than 1900 per 100,000 people over 80 years old.
Parkinson's disease (BP) is the second most important age-related neidgenerative disease in developed societies after Alzheimer's disease with a prevalence of 41 per 100,000 in the fourth decade of life to more than 1900 per 100,000 people over 80 years old.
Neurodegeneration associated with Parkinson's disease is likely to occur over several decades before the appearance of motor symptoms.
Affective and cognitive some of the most frequent non-engine manifestations of BP diseases that can lead to a variety of adverse outcomes
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8
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Devignes Q, Lopes R, Dujardin K. Neuroimaging outcomes associated with mild cognitive impairment subtypes in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 95:122-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Devignes Q, Viard R, Betrouni N, Carey G, Kuchcinski G, Defebvre L, Leentjens AFG, Lopes R, Dujardin K. Posterior Cortical Cognitive Deficits Are Associated With Structural Brain Alterations in Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:668559. [PMID: 34054507 PMCID: PMC8155279 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.668559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Cognitive impairments are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and are heterogeneous in their presentation. The "dual syndrome hypothesis" suggests the existence of two distinct subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in PD: a frontostriatal subtype with predominant attentional and/or executive deficits and a posterior cortical subtype with predominant visuospatial, memory, and/or language deficits. The latter subtype has been associated with a higher risk of developing dementia. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify structural modifications in cortical and subcortical regions associated with each PD-MCI subtype. Methods: One-hundred and fourteen non-demented PD patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment as well as a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scan. Patients were categorized as having no cognitive impairment (n = 41) or as having a frontostriatal (n = 16), posterior cortical (n = 25), or a mixed (n = 32) MCI subtype. Cortical regions were analyzed using a surface-based Cortical thickness (CTh) method. In addition, the volumes, shapes, and textures of the caudate nuclei, hippocampi, and thalami were studied. Tractometric analyses were performed on associative and commissural white matter (WM) tracts. Results: There were no between-group differences in volumetric measurements and cortical thickness. Shape analyses revealed more abundant and more extensive deformations fields in the caudate nuclei, hippocampi, and thalami in patients with posterior cortical deficits compared to patients with no cognitive impairment. Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) and increased mean diffusivity (MD) were also observed in the superior longitudinal fascicle, the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, the striato-parietal tract, and the anterior and posterior commissural tracts. Texture analyses showed a significant difference in the right hippocampus of patients with a mixed MCI subtype. Conclusion: PD-MCI patients with posterior cortical deficits have more abundant and more extensive structural alterations independently of age, disease duration, and severity, which may explain why they have an increased risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Devignes
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille University, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
| | - Romain Viard
- US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, Lille University, CNRS, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
| | - Nacim Betrouni
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille University, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Carey
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille University, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
- Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
| | - Gregory Kuchcinski
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille University, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
- US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, Lille University, CNRS, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
| | - Luc Defebvre
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille University, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
- Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
| | | | - Renaud Lopes
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille University, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
- US 41—UMS 2014—PLBS, Lille University, CNRS, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Department of Neuroradiology, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Lille University, Inserm, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
- Neurology and Movement Disorders Department, Lille University Medical Centre, Lille, France
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10
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Chung SJ, Jeon S, Yoo HS, Lee YH, Yun M, Lee SK, Lee PH, Sohn YH, Evans AC, Ye BS. Neural Correlates of Cognitive Performance in Alzheimer's Disease- and Lewy Bodies-Related Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 73:873-885. [PMID: 31868668 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicopathological studies have demonstrated that the neuropsychological profiles and outcomes are different between two dementia subtypes, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy bodies-related disease. OBJECTIVE We investigated the neural correlates of cognitive dysfunction in patients with AD-related cognitive impairment (ADCI) and those with Lewy bodies-related cognitive impairment (LBCI). METHODS We enrolled 216 ADCI patients, 183 LBCI patients, and 30 controls. Cortical thickness and diffusion tensor imaging analyses were performed to correlate gray matter and white matter (WM) abnormalities to cognitive composite scores for memory, visuospatial, and attention/executive domains in the ADCI spectrum (ADCI patients and controls) and the LBCI spectrum (LBCI patients and controls) separately. RESULTS Memory dysfunction correlated with cortical thinning and increased mean diffusivity in the AD-prone regions, particularly the medial temporal region, in ADCI. Meanwhile, it only correlated with increased mean diffusivity in the WM adjacent to the anteromedial temporal, insula, and basal frontal cortices in LBCI. Visuospatial dysfunction correlated with cortical thinning in posterior brain regions in ADCI, while it correlated with decreased fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and widespread WM regions in LBCI. Attention/executive dysfunction correlated with cortical thinning and WM abnormalities in widespread brain regions in both disease spectra; however, ADCI had more prominent correlation with cortical thickness and LBCI did with fractional anisotropy values. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that ADCI and LBCI have different neural correlates with respect to cognitive dysfunction. Cortical thinning had greater effects on cognitive dysfunction in the ADCI, while WM disruption did in the LBCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seun Jeon
- McGill Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yang Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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11
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Brooks DJ. Imaging Familial and Sporadic Neurodegenerative Disorders Associated with Parkinsonism. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:753-771. [PMID: 33432494 PMCID: PMC8423977 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the structural and functional imaging changes associated with sporadic and genetic Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinsonian variants are reviewed. The role of imaging for supporting diagnosis and detecting subclinical disease is discussed, and the potential use and drawbacks of using imaging biomarkers for monitoring disease progression is debated. Imaging changes associated with nonmotor complications of PD are presented. The similarities and differences in imaging findings in Lewy body dementia, Parkinson's disease dementia, and Alzheimer's disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
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12
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Klobušiaková P, Mareček R, Fousek J, Výtvarová E, Rektorová I. Connectivity Between Brain Networks Dynamically Reflects Cognitive Status of Parkinson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:971-984. [PMID: 30776007 PMCID: PMC6398554 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with altered connectivity of the resting state networks (RSNs). Longitudinal studies in well cognitively characterized PD subgroups are missing. OBJECTIVES To assess changes of the whole-brain connectivity and between-network connectivity (BNC) of large-scale functional networks related to cognition in well characterized PD patients using a longitudinal study design and various analytical methods. METHODS We explored the whole-brain connectivity and BNC of the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) and the default mode, dorsal attention, and visual networks in PD with normal cognition (PD-NC, n = 17) and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n = 22) as compared to 51 healthy controls (HC). We applied regions of interest-based, partial least squares, and graph theory based network analyses. The differences among groups were analyzed at baseline and at the one-year follow-up visit (37 HC, 23 PD all). RESULTS The BNC of the FPCN and other RSNs was reduced, and the whole-brain analysis revealed increased characteristic path length and decreased average node strength, clustering coefficient, and global efficiency in PD-NC compared to HC. Values of all measures in PD-MCI were between that of HC and PD-NC. After one year, the BNC was further increased in the PD-all group; no changes were detected in HC. No cognitive domain z-scores deteriorated in either group. CONCLUSION As compared to HC, PD-NC patients display a less efficient transfer of information globally and reduced BNC of the visual and frontoparietal control network. The BNC increases with time and MCI status, reflecting compensatory efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Klobušiaková
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Mareček
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic.,First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Fousek
- Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Computer Science, Masaryk University (MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Výtvarová
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University (MU), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Rektorová
- Applied Neuroscience Research Group, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University (CEITEC MU), Brno, Czech Republic.,First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and School of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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13
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Papuć E, Rejdak K. Increased CSF NFL in Non-demented Parkinson's Disease Subjects Reflects Early White Matter Damage. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:128. [PMID: 32477099 PMCID: PMC7240127 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with various underlying pathological processes. Until now, no fluid biomarkers have been established for PD. Given recent biochemical and neuroimaging evidence for the presence of white matter damage in PD, which may even precede neuronal loss, we investigated whether neurofilament light (NFL) was increased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of PD patients in comparison to controls. NFL is located mainly in large myelinated axons, and increased CSF levels of this protein reflect axonal injury. CSF levels of NFL in 58 early PD patients and 28 controls were quantified by ELISA (Uman Diagnostics). Measures of PD severity included disease duration, UPDRS-III, and Hoehn-Yahr stage. Statistically significant differences in CSF NFL levels were found between PD patients and controls [median with interquartile range 524.82 (393.28-678.34) vs. 271.84 (198.09-335.24) ng/l; p < 0.05)]. In PD patients, there were no correlations between CSF NFL level and the measures of disease severity. The CSF NFL turned out to have a high discriminatory value (AUC 0.850) for differentiating between PD subjects and healthy controls, with 84% sensitivity and 85.2% specificity. The study indirectly demonstrates that axonal damage is present in early PD in addition to neuronal loss. Interestingly, white matter damage was observed in non-demented PD patients. In the light of the results of recent MRI studies which confirm early white matter damage in PD, our data may turn out to be potentially useful in the diagnosis of early, or even preclinical, stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Papuć
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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14
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Chen F, Wu T, Luo Y, Li Z, Guan Q, Meng X, Tao W, Zhang H. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: White matter structural changes and mechanisms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226175. [PMID: 31830080 PMCID: PMC6907797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogeneous cognitive disorder that is often comorbid with Parkinson's diseases (PD). The amnestic subtype of PD-MCI (PD-aMCI) has a higher risk to develop dementia. However, there is a lack of studies on the white matter (WM) structural changes of PD-aMCI. We characterized the WM structural changes of PD-aMCI (n = 17) with cognitively normal PD (PD-CN, n = 19) and normal controls (n = 20), using voxel-based and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses on fractional anisotropy (FA) axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD). By excluding and then including the motor performance as a covariate in the comparison analysis between PD-aMCI and PD-CN, we attempted to discern the influences of two neuropathological mechanisms on the WM structural changes of PD-aMCI. The correlation analyses between memory and voxel-based WM measures in all PD patients were also performed (n = 36). The results showed that PD-aMCI had smaller FA values than PD-CN in the diffuse WM areas, and PD-CN had higher AD and RD values than normal controls in the right caudate. Most FA difference between PD-aMCI and PD-CN could be weakened by the motor adjustment. The FA differences between PD-aMCI and PD-CN were largely spatially overlapped with the memory-correlated FA values. Our findings demonstrated that the WM structural differences between PD-aMCI and PD-CN were mainly memory-related, and the influence of motor adjustment might indicate a common mechanism underlying both motor and memory impairment in PD-aMCI, possibly reflecting a predominant influence of dopaminergic neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Parkinson's Disease, Parkinson Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
| | - Yuejia Luo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhihao Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qing Guan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianghong Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen University Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haobo Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social Cognitive Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Center for Emotion and Brain, Shenzhen Institute of Neuroscience, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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15
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Cammisuli DM, Cammisuli SM, Fusi J, Franzoni F, Pruneti C. Parkinson's Disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI): A Useful Summary of Update Knowledge. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:303. [PMID: 31780918 PMCID: PMC6856711 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a common feature in Parkinson's Disease (PD), even at the time of diagnosis. Some levels of heterogeneity in nature and severity of cognitive impairment and risk of conversion to Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) exist. This brief overview summarized the current understanding of MCI in PD, by considering the following major points: historical development of the clinical entity, evaluation, epidemiology, predictors and outcomes, neuroimaging findings, pathophysiology, treatment, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention. MCI in PD represents a concept in evolution and plays a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of the disease mechanisms, with the ultimate goal of building effective strategies to prevent conversion into PDD. Challenges for future research are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Maria Cammisuli
- Laboratories of Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuropsychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Fusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Pruneti
- Laboratories of Clinical Psychology, Clinical Psychophysiology and Clinical Neuropsychology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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16
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Park YW, Shin N, Chung SJ, Kim J, Lim SM, Lee PH, Lee S, Ahn KJ. Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Visible Perivascular Spaces in Basal Ganglia Predict Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1672-1679. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yae Won Park
- Department of Radiology Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Na‐Young Shin
- Department of Radiology Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Radiology Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
| | - Soo Mee Lim
- Department of Radiology Ewha Womans University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Seung‐Koo Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Kook Jin Ahn
- Department of Radiology Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Korea
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17
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Progression of Parkinson's disease patients' subtypes based on cortical thinning: 4-year follow-up. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 64:286-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Liao X, Wang W, Wang L, Tang K, Zheng Y. Controllably Enhancing Stretchability of Highly Sensitive Fiber-Based Strain Sensors for Intelligent Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:2431-2440. [PMID: 30575372 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Functional strain sensing is essential to develop health monitoring and Internet of Things. The performance of either narrow sensing range or low sensitivity restricts strain sensors in a wider range of future applications. Attaining both high sensitivity and wide sensing range of a strain sensor remains challenging. Herein, a cluster-type microstructures strategy is proposed for engineering high stretchability of highly sensitive strain sensor. The resistance change of the strain sensor is determined by the deformation of the cluster-type microstructures from close arrangement to orderly interval state during being stretched. Because of the unique geometric structure and conductive connection type of the sensing material, the strain sensor achieves a considerable performance that features both high sensitivity (gauge factor up to 2700) and high stretchability (sensing range of 160% strain). Fast response time and long-term stability are other characteristics of the strain sensor. Monitoring of multiple limb joints and controlling of audible and visual devices are demonstrated as the proof-of-concept abilities of the strain sensor. This study not only puts forward a novel design thought of strain sensor but also offers considerable insights into its potential value toward burgeoning fields including but not limited to real-time health monitoring and intelligent controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqin Liao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Wensong Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33124 , United States
| | - Kai Tang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
| | - Yuanjin Zheng
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
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19
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Khan AR, Hiebert NM, Vo A, Wang BT, Owen AM, Seergobin KN, MacDonald PA. Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: Striatal sub-regional structural morphometry and diffusion MRI. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 21:101597. [PMID: 30472168 PMCID: PMC6412554 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that has no reliable biomarkers. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of semi-automated sub-regional analysis of the striatum with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish PD patients from controls (i.e., as a diagnostic biomarker) and to compare PD patients at different stages of disease. With 3 Tesla MRI, diffusion- and T1-weighted scans were obtained on two occasions in 24 PD patients and 18 age-matched, healthy controls. PD patients completed one session on and the other session off dopaminergic medication. The striatum was parcellated into seven functionally disparate sub-regions. The segmentation was guided by reciprocal connections to distinct cortical regions. Volume, surface-based morphometry, and integrity of white matter connections were calculated for each striatal sub-region. Test-retest reliability of our volume, morphometry, and white matter integrity measures across scans was high, with correlations ranging from r = 0.452, p < 0.05 and r = 0.985, p < 0.001. Global measures of striatum such as total striatum, nucleus accumbens, caudate nuclei, and putamen were not significantly different between PD patients and controls, indicating poor sensitivity of these measures, which average across sub-regions that are functionally heterogeneous and differentially affected by PD, to act as diagnostic biomarkers. Further, these measures did not correlate significantly with disease severity, challenging their potential to serve as progression biomarkers. In contrast, a) decreased volume and b) inward surface displacement of caudal-motor striatum—the region first and most dopamine depleted in PD—distinguished PD patients from controls. Integrity of white matter cortico-striatal connections in caudal-motor and adjacent striatal sub-regions (i.e., executive and temporal striatum) was reduced for PD patients relative to controls. Finally, volume of limbic striatum, the only striatal sub-region innervated by the later-degenerating ventral tegmental area in PD, was reduced in later-stage compared to early stage PD patients a potential progression biomarker. Segmenting striatum based on distinct cortical connectivity provided highly sensitive MRI measures for diagnosing and staging PD. Using 3T structural and diffusion tensor MRI, we explored potential biomarkers in PD. Striatum was parcellated into 7 functional sub-regions based on cortical connectivity. Volume of caudal-motor region was significantly smaller in PDs compared to controls. Volume of limbic region was sensitive to PD disease progression. Striatal sub-regions provided sensitive measures of the presence and progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali R Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Nole M Hiebert
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Andrew Vo
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C2, Canada
| | - Brian T Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C1, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C2, Canada
| | - Ken N Seergobin
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Penny A MacDonald
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5B7, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5C2, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A5A5, Canada.
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20
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Yoo HS, Jeon S, Chung SJ, Yun M, Lee PH, Sohn YH, Evans AC, Ye BS. Olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease- and Lewy body-related cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1243-1252. [PMID: 29936148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Olfactory dysfunction is common in Alzheimer's disease- and Lewy body-related disorders, but its neural correlates have not been clearly elucidated. METHODS We retrospectively recruited 237 patients with Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairment (ADCI) and 217 with Lewy body-related cognitive impairment (LBCI). They were identically evaluated using the Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test, neuropsychological tests, and brain magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS LBCI had more severe olfactory dysfunction than ADCI. Patients with more severe cognitive dysfunction had worse olfactory function in both groups. In ADCI, lower Cross-Cultural Smell Identification Test scores correlated with a lower cortical thickness in brain regions typically affected in Alzheimer's disease, most prominently in the right parahippocampal cortex, whereas in LBCI, the scores correlated with white matter abnormalities in regions vulnerable to Lewy body, including subcortical regions of the orbitofrontal and frontoparietal cortices. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that cortical atrophy in ADCI and white matter abnormalities in LBCI play important roles in olfactory dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seun Jeon
- McGill Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Alan C Evans
- McGill Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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21
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Neurorehabilitation in Parkinson's Disease: A Critical Review of Cognitive Rehabilitation Effects on Cognition and Brain. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:2651918. [PMID: 29853840 PMCID: PMC5960507 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2651918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience cognitive impairment which has been related to reduced quality of life and functional disability. These symptoms usually progress until dementia occurs. Some studies have been published assessing the efficacy of cognitive treatments on improving cognition, functional outcome, and producing changes in brain activity. Objective A critical review was performed to present up-to-date neurorehabilitation effects of cognitive rehabilitation in PD, with special emphasis on the efficacy on cognition, quality of life aspects, brain changes, and the longitudinal maintenance of these changes. Results After exclusions, 13 studies were reviewed, including 6 randomized controlled trials for the efficacy on cognition, 2 randomized controlled trials regarding the brain changes after cognitive training, and 5 studies which evaluated the long-term effects of cognitive treatments. Conclusions Cognitive rehabilitation programs have demonstrated to be effective on improving cognitive functions, but more research is needed focusing on the efficacy on improving behavioral aspects and producing brain changes in patients with PD. Moreover, there is a need of randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up periods.
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22
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Rektor I, Svátková A, Vojtíšek L, Zikmundová I, Vaníček J, Király A, Szabó N. White matter alterations in Parkinson's disease with normal cognition precede grey matter atrophy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0187939. [PMID: 29304183 PMCID: PMC5755732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While progressive MRI brain changes characterize advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), little has been discovered about structural alterations in the earliest phase of the disease, i.e. in patients with motor symptoms and with normal cognition. Our study aimed to detect grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes in PD patients without cognitive impairment. METHODS Twenty PD patients and twenty-one healthy controls (HC) were tested for attention, executive function, working memory, and visuospatial and language domains. High-resolution T1-weighted and 60 directional diffusion-weighted 3T MRI images were acquired. The cortical, deep GM and WM volumes and density, as well as the diffusion properties of WM, were calculated. Analyses were repeated on data flipped to the side of the disease origin. RESULTS PD patients did not show any significant differences from HC in cognitive functioning or in brain volumes. Decreased GM intensity was found in the left superior parietal lobe in the right (p<0.02) and left (p<0.01) flipped data. The analysis of original, un-flipped data demonstrated elevated axial diffusivity (p<0.01) in the superior and anterior corona radiata, internal capsule, and external capsule in the left hemisphere of PD relative to HC, while higher mean and radial diffusivity were discovered in the right (p<0.02 and p<0.03, respectively) and left (p<0.02 and p<0.02, respectively) in the fronto-temporal WM utilizing flipped data. CONCLUSIONS PD patients without cognitive impairment and GM atrophy demonstrated widespread alterations of WM microstructure. Thus, WM impairment in PD might be a sensitive sign preceding the neuronal loss in associated GM regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Rektor
- Movement Disorders Center; First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Svátková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lubomir Vojtíšek
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Zikmundová
- Movement Disorders Center; First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jirí Vaníček
- Department of Imaging, School of Medicine, Masaryk University and St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - András Király
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Szabó
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC) Masaryk University, Neuroscience Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Del-Monte J, Bayard S, Graziani P, Gély-Nargeot MC. Cognitive, Emotional, and Auto-Activation Dimensions of Apathy in Parkinson's Disease. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:230. [PMID: 29209182 PMCID: PMC5702439 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Apathy is one of the most frequent non-motor manifestations in Parkinson's disease (PD) that can lead to a whole range of deleterious outcomes. In 2006, Levy and Dubois proposed a model that distinguishes three different apathy aetiologies in PD divided into three subtypes of disrupted processing: “emotional-affective,” “cognitive,” and “auto-activation.” These three dimensions associated with dopamine depletion present in the pathology would lead to the emergence of apathy in PD. The aim of this mini-review was to describe and discuss studies that have explore links between apathy and the three subtypes of disrupted processing proposed by Levy and Dubois (2006) and as well as the links between these dimensions and dopamine depletion in Parkinson's disease. The lack of consensus regarding the emotional-affective correlates of apathy and the lack of evidence supporting the hypothesis of the auto-activation deficit, do not clearly confirm the validity of Levy and Dubois's model. Furthermore, the suggested association between dopaminergic depletion and apathy must also be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Del-Monte
- Social Psychology Laboratory EA 849, Aix-Marseille and Nîmes Universities, Nîmes, France
| | - Sophie Bayard
- Epsylon, Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, Department of Sport Sciences, Psychology and Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierluigi Graziani
- Social Psychology Laboratory EA 849, Aix-Marseille and Nîmes Universities, Nîmes, France
| | - Marie C Gély-Nargeot
- Epsylon, Laboratory Dynamic of Human Abilities & Health Behaviors, Department of Sport Sciences, Psychology and Medicine, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
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Magnetic resonance imaging and tensor-based morphometry in the MPTP non-human primate model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180733. [PMID: 28738061 PMCID: PMC5524324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder producing a variety of motor and cognitive deficits with the causes remaining largely unknown. The gradual loss of the nigrostriatal pathway is currently considered the pivotal pathological event. To better understand the progression of PD and improve treatment management, defining the disease on a structural basis and expanding brain analysis to extra-nigral structures is indispensable. The anatomical complexity and the presence of neuromelanin, make the use of non-human primates an essential element in developing putative imaging biomarkers of PD. To this end, ex vivo T2-weighted magnetic resonance images were acquired from control and 1-methyl-4 phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated marmosets. Volume measurements of the caudate, putamen, and substantia nigra indicated significant atrophy and cortical thinning. Tensor-based morphometry provided a more extensive and hypothesis free assessment of widespread changes caused by the toxin insult to the brain, especially highlighting regional cortical atrophy. The results highlight the importance of developing imaging biomarkers of PD in non-human primate models considering their distinct neuroanatomy. It is essential to further develop these biomarkers in vivo to provide non-invasive tools to detect pre-symptomatic PD and to monitor potential disease altering therapeutics.
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Kalia LV. Biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 46 Suppl 1:S19-S23. [PMID: 28781202 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive dysfunction is among the most prevalent and debilitating non-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD). The neuropathological correlates of cognitive dysfunction in PD are being revealed by clinicopathological correlation studies. These findings are fostering the development of candidate biomarkers to facilitate diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia, and to predict cognitive decline and onset of dementia in PD. METHODS A literature review of candidate biomarkers for cognitive dysfunction in PD was performed based on a PubMed search for peer-reviewed articles published from 1997 to June 2017 using the search terms "biomarker", "parkinson", and "dementia". RESULTS Based on the neuropathological correlates of cognitive dysfunction in PD, significant efforts are underway to identify biomarkers that reflect the presence and degree of 1) proteinopathy (i.e., abnormal protein aggregation), 2) neurodegeneration, including neuronal loss and axonal degeneration (i.e., involvement of gray matter and white matter, respectively), 3) neurotransmitter deficiency (e.g., acetylcholine and dopamine), and 4) abnormalities of brain function and connectivity. CONCLUSION The complexity of multiple substrates of cognitive impairment and dementia in PD will likely preclude the simplicity of a single biomarker. Thus, increased efforts to develop and validate combined biomarkers and predictive algorithms are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine V Kalia
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Mak E, Su L, Williams GB, Firbank MJ, Lawson RA, Yarnall AJ, Duncan GW, Mollenhauer B, Owen AM, Khoo TK, Brooks DJ, Rowe JB, Barker RA, Burn DJ, O'Brien JT. Longitudinal whole-brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement in nondemented Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 55:78-90. [PMID: 28431288 PMCID: PMC5454799 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whole-brain atrophy and ventricular enlargement over 18 months in nondemented Parkinson's disease (PD) and examined their associations with clinical measures and baseline CSF markers. PD subjects (n = 100) were classified at baseline into those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; PD-MCI, n = 36) and no cognitive impairment (PD-NC, n = 64). Percentage of whole-brain volume change (PBVC) and ventricular expansion over 18 months were assessed with FSL-SIENA and ventricular enlargement (VIENA) respectively. PD-MCI showed increased global atrophy (-1.1% ± 0.8%) and ventricular enlargement (6.9 % ± 5.2%) compared with both PD-NC (PBVC: -0.4 ± 0.5, p < 0.01; VIENA: 2.1% ± 4.3%, p < 0.01) and healthy controls. In a subset of 35 PD subjects, CSF levels of tau, and Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio were correlated with PBVC and ventricular enlargement respectively. The sample size required to demonstrate a 20% reduction in PBVC and VIENA was approximately 1/15th of that required to detect equivalent changes in cognitive decline. These findings suggest that longitudinal MRI measurements have potential to serve as surrogate markers to complement clinical assessments for future disease-modifying trials in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Guy B Williams
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Michael J Firbank
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachael A Lawson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alison J Yarnall
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gordon W Duncan
- Medicine of the Elderly, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany; University Medical Center Goettingen, Institute of Neuropathology, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Adrian M Owen
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Tien K Khoo
- Menzies Health Institute, Queensland and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David J Brooks
- Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Burn
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK.
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Mak E, Gabel S, Mirette H, Su L, Williams GB, Waldman A, Wells K, Ritchie K, Ritchie C, O’Brien J. Structural neuroimaging in preclinical dementia: From microstructural deficits and grey matter atrophy to macroscale connectomic changes. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:250-264. [PMID: 27777039 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed a proliferation of neuroimaging studies characterising brain changes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), where both widespread atrophy and 'signature' brain regions have been implicated. In parallel, a prolonged latency period has been established in AD, with abnormal cerebral changes beginning many years before symptom onset. This raises the possibility of early therapeutic intervention, even before symptoms, when treatments could have the greatest effect on disease-course modification. Two important prerequisites of this endeavour are (1) accurate characterisation or risk stratification and (2) monitoring of progression using neuroimaging outcomes as a surrogate biomarker in those without symptoms but who will develop AD, here referred to as preclinical AD. Structural neuroimaging modalities have been used to identify brain changes related to risk factors for AD, such as familial genetic mutations, risk genes (for example apolipoprotein epsilon-4 allele), and/or family history. In this review, we summarise structural imaging findings in preclinical AD. Overall, the literature suggests early vulnerability in characteristic regions, such as the medial temporal lobe structures and the precuneus, as well as white matter tracts in the fornix, cingulum and corpus callosum. We conclude that while structural markers are promising, more research and validation studies are needed before future secondary prevention trials can adopt structural imaging biomarkers as either stratification or surrogate biomarkers.
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Gee M, Dukart J, Draganski B, Wayne Martin WR, Emery D, Camicioli R. Regional volumetric change in Parkinson's disease with cognitive decline. J Neurol Sci 2017; 373:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ehgoetz Martens KA, Lewis SJG. Pathology of behavior in PD: What is known and what is not? J Neurol Sci 2016; 374:9-16. [PMID: 28089250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal behavior in Parkinson's disease (PD) stems from a complex orchestration of impaired neural networks that result from PD-related neurodegeneration across multiple levels. Typically, cellular and tissue abnormalities generate neurochemical changes and disrupt specific regions of the brain, in turn creating impaired neural circuits and dysfunctional global networks. The objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of the array of pathological changes that have been linked to different behavioral symptoms of PD such as depression, anxiety, apathy, fatigue, impulse control disorders, psychosis, sleep disorders and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylena A Ehgoetz Martens
- Parkinson Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 100 Mallet Street, Camperdown, 2050, NSW, Australia.
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, 100 Mallet Street, Camperdown, 2050, NSW, Australia
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Buated W, Lolekha P, Hidaka S, Fujinami T. Impact of Cognitive Loading on Postural Control in Parkinson's Disease With Freezing of Gait. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2016; 2:2333721416673751. [PMID: 28680941 PMCID: PMC5486484 DOI: 10.1177/2333721416673751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:To assess standing balance in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with and without freezing of gait (FOG) during cognitive loading. Method:A balance assessment with cognitive loading, reading (RE) and counting backward (CB), was performed by the Nintendo Wii Fit in 60 PD patients (Hoehn and Yahr stages 1-3) at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand. The participants were grouped into FOG and non-FOG according to the Freezing of Gait–Questionnaire (FOG-Q) scores. The center of pressure (CoP) in terms of path length (PL), sway area (SA), root mean square (RMS), medio-lateral (ML), and antero-posterior (AP) were analyzed. Results:Significant increases of PL were observed in both groups of PD patients during cognitive loading (p < .001). Meanwhile, the increased differences of PL during cognitive loading in PD-FOG were larger than in PD-non-FOG. The ML displacement during counting backward was significantly increased in PD-FOG (p = .012). Conclusion:Cognitive loading influenced standing balance and postural sway of PD patients. The effects were more prominent in PD-FOG. These findings represent the interactions between cognitive function, postural control, and FOG in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannipat Buated
- School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Praween Lolekha
- Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Shohei Hidaka
- School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujinami
- School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
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31
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Cortical gray and subcortical white matter associations in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 49:100-108. [PMID: 27776262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cortical atrophy has been documented in both Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy aging, but its relationship to changes in subcortical white matter is unknown. This was investigated by obtaining T1- and diffusion-weighted images from 76 PD and 70 controls at baseline and 18 and 36 months, from which cortical volumes and underlying subcortical white matter axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were determined. Twelve of 69 cortical subregions had significant group differences, and for these, underlying subcortical white matter was explored. At baseline, higher cortical volumes were significantly correlated with lower underlying subcortical white matter AD, RD, and higher FA (ps ≤ 0.017) in PD. Longitudinally, higher rates of cortical atrophy in PD were associated with increased rates of change in AD RD, and FA values (ps ≤ 0.0013) in 2 subregions explored. The significant gray-white matter associations were not found in controls. Thus, unlike healthy aging, cortical atrophy and subcortical white matter changes may not be independent events in PD.
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32
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Lucas-Jiménez O, Ojeda N, Peña J, Díez-Cirarda M, Cabrera-Zubizarreta A, Gómez-Esteban JC, Gómez-Beldarrain MÁ, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N. Altered functional connectivity in the default mode network is associated with cognitive impairment and brain anatomical changes in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 33:58-64. [PMID: 27659747 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether functional neural connectivity is disrupted between the regions of the default mode network (DMN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and how this connectivity is related to cognition, brain gray matter structure and white matter integrity and diffusivity. METHODS Thirty-seven PD patients and 16 healthy controls were evaluated, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), T1-weighted MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging and a battery of cognitive tests. Functional connectivity between the regions of the DMN, specifically in the precuneus, anterior and posterior cingulate, medial prefrontal and temporal and inferior parietal cortices was assessed with seed-to-voxel connectivity; gray matter volume and white matter values were determined using voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics. RESULTS Reduced functional connectivity was observed between the posterior cingulate and medial temporal lobe in PD. Lower cognitive performance, gray matter loss in posterior, medial temporal and parietal areas, and fractional anisotropy reduction in the white matter adjacent to DMN regions were also observed in PD patients compared with healthy controls. Lower DMN functional connectivity correlated with lower verbal and visual memory and visual abilities performance in PD. In addition, lower DMN functional connectivity correlated with lower gray matter volume in the posterior cingulate and precuneus, and with lower white matter fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal and posterior cingulate fasciculi in PD. CONCLUSIONS By combining different neuroimaging techniques and cognitive data, results showed that functional connectivity alteration between the regions of the DMN is associated with lower cognitive performance and gray and white matter abnormalities in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Lucas-Jiménez
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Díez-Cirarda
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos Gómez-Esteban
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, University of Basque Country, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
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Stamile C, Kocevar G, Cotton F, Maes F, Sappey-Marinier D, Van Huffel S. Multiparametric Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Longitudinal Variations Detection in White-Matter Fiber Bundles. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2016; 21:1393-1402. [PMID: 27514068 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2016.2597963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Processing of longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data is a crucial challenge to better understand pathological mechanisms of complex brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) where white-matter (WM) fiber bundles are variably altered by inflammatory events. In this study, we propose a new fully automated method to detect longitudinal changes in diffusivity metrics along WM fiber bundles. The proposed method is divided in three main parts: 1) preprocessing of longitudinal diffusion acquisitions, 2) WM fiber-bundle extraction, and 3) application of nonnegative matrix factorization and density-based local outliers algorithms to detect and delineate longitudinal variations appearing in the cross section of the WM fiber bundle. In order to validate our method, we introduce a new model to simulate real longitudinal changes based on a generalized Gaussian probability density function. Moreover, we applied our method on longitudinal data. High level of performances were obtained for the detection of small longitudinal changes along the WM fiber bundles in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Stamile
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Gabriel Kocevar
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Francois Cotton
- CREATIS, CNRS UMR5220, INSERM U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Frederik Maes
- PSI Processing Speech and Images, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Sabine Van Huffel
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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34
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Subcortical matter in the α-synucleinopathies spectrum: an MRI pilot study. J Neurol 2016; 263:1575-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Voxel-based meta-analysis of gray matter volume reductions associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. J Neurol 2016; 263:1178-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Weingarten CP, Sundman MH, Hickey P, Chen NK. Neuroimaging of Parkinson's disease: Expanding views. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 59:16-52. [PMID: 26409344 PMCID: PMC4763948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular and structural and functional neuroimaging are rapidly expanding the complexity of neurobiological understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD). This review article begins with an introduction to PD neurobiology as a foundation for interpreting neuroimaging findings that may further lead to more integrated and comprehensive understanding of PD. Diverse areas of PD neuroimaging are then reviewed and summarized, including positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, transcranial sonography, magnetoencephalography, and multimodal imaging, with focus on human studies published over the last five years. These included studies on differential diagnosis, co-morbidity, genetic and prodromal PD, and treatments from L-DOPA to brain stimulation approaches, transplantation and gene therapies. Overall, neuroimaging has shown that PD is a neurodegenerative disorder involving many neurotransmitters, brain regions, structural and functional connections, and neurocognitive systems. A broad neurobiological understanding of PD will be essential for translational efforts to develop better treatments and preventive strategies. Many questions remain and we conclude with some suggestions for future directions of neuroimaging of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol P Weingarten
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Mark H Sundman
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, United States
| | - Patrick Hickey
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Nan-kuei Chen
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States
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Goldman JG, Aggarwal NT, Schroeder CD. Mild cognitive impairment: an update in Parkinson's disease and lessons learned from Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2015; 5:425-43. [PMID: 26517759 DOI: 10.2217/nmt.15.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is an important focus of research in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the concept of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a prodrome to AD has been recognized for many years, the construct of MCI in PD is a relative newcomer with recent development of diagnostic criteria, biomarker research programs and treatment trials. Controversies and challenges, however, regarding PD-MCI's definition, application, heterogeneity and different trajectories have arisen. This review will highlight current research advances and challenges in PD-MCI. Furthermore, lessons from the AD field, which has witnessed an evolution in MCI/AD definitions, relevant advances in biomarker research and development of disease-modifying and targeted therapeutic trials will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer G Goldman
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, Section of Parkinson Disease & Movement Disorders, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 755, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Neelum T Aggarwal
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences & Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, 600 South Paulina, Suite 1038, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cynthia D Schroeder
- Rush University Medical Center, Department of Neurological Sciences, 1735 W. Harrison Street, Suite 306, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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38
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Akbar U, Friedman JH. Recognition and treatment of neuropsychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:1053-65. [PMID: 26289491 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.1077703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been attracting increasing attention due to their ubiquitous nature and their often devastating effects on the quality of life. Behavioral problems in PD include dementia, depression, apathy, fatigue, anxiety, psychosis, akathisia, personality change, sleep disorders and impulse control disorders. Some of these are intrinsic to the neuropathology while others occur as an interplay between pathology, psychology and pharmacology. While few data exist for guiding therapy, enough is known to guide therapy in a rational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Akbar
- a Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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