1
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Shen Z, Lu Y, Ren Y, Wang Z, Deng J, Nan D, Jia J, Yu W, Jin Y, Sun W, Huang Y, Qu X, Jin H. The relationship between ischemic penumbra progression and the oxygen content of cortex microcirculation in acute ischemic stroke. Neurotherapeutics 2024:e00387. [PMID: 38918128 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The precise oxygen content thresholds of ischemic deep parenchymal (OCIDP) and that in cortical microcirculation (OCCM), which leads to ischemic penumbra converting into the infarcted core, remain uncertain. This study employed an invasive fiber-optic oxygen meter and a newly developed oxygen-responsive probe called RuA3-Cy5-rtPA (RC-rtPA) based on recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rtPA) to examine the oxygen content thresholds. A mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was generated and animals were randomly divided into a sham, 24-h reperfusion after 3-h ischemia (IR 3-h), and IR 6-h groups, all of which were sacrificed following reperfusion. Stroke severity was evaluated based on the infarction area, neurological symptoms, microcirculation perfusion, and microemboli in microcirculation. OCIDP was characterized based on its extent and distribution, whereas OCCM was measured using RC-rtPA. During ischemia, stroke severity escalation manifested as increasing infarction area, severe neurologic symptoms, and poorer microcirculation perfusion with more microthrombi depositions. OCIDP presented rapid decline following artery occlusion along with a gradual increase in the hypoxic area. Within 3 h following ischemia induction, the ischemic tissue that experienced hypoxia could be rescued, and this reversibility would disappear after 6 h. Within 6 h, OCCM continued to decrease. A significant decrease in oxygen content in cortical venules and cortical parenchyma was observed. These findings assist in establishing the extent of the ischemic penumbra at the microcirculation level and offer a foundation for assessing the ischemic penumbra that could respond positively to reperfusion therapy beyond the typical time window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Shen
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China; Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050030, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yingying Ren
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Ding Nan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jingjing Jia
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yunyi Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yining Huang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Xiaozhong Qu
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiqiang Jin
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
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2
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Qiu J, Wang YH, Wang XM, Chen HS. PI3Kδ inhibition alleviates the brain injury during cerebral ischemia reperfusion via suppressing pericyte contraction in a TNF-α dependent manner. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114728. [PMID: 38365134 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The pericytes (PCs) surrounding capillaries are vital regulators of capillary constriction. Persistent PC contraction results in the increased capillary constriction, therefore leading to the impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) recovery after reperfusion and worsening the clinical outcomes in stroke patients. However, the potential determinants of PC functions during ischemia/reperfusion are poorly understood. Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit Delta (PIK3CD/PI3Kδ) is a crucial factor involved with neuronflammation during ischemic stroke. PI3Kδ has shown the expression in PCs, while its effect on PC functions has not been explored yet. In this study, a rodent ischemia/reperfusion model was established in C57BL/6 mice via transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R). The PI3Kδ expression in ischemic penumbra was remarkably upregulated following MCAO/R induction. PI3Kδ inhibitor CAL-101 improved the CBF recovery, ischemic brain injury, and suppressed capillary constriction in MCAO/R mice. Besides, the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), an inducer for tissue injury, and the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2), a channel protein permitting calcium (Ca2+) uptake, were significantly reduced in ischemic penumbra after CAL-101 treatment. In vitro, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) enhanced the expression of PI3Kδ and TRPV2 in primary mouse PCs. CAL-101 suppressed the TNF-α-induced TRPV2 expression in OGD/R-treated PCs, thus inhibiting the Ca2+ uptake and PC contraction. Collectively, this study suggests that PI3Kδ is a critical regulator of PC function during ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi-Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu-Ming Wang
- Air Force Hospital from Northern Theater of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Sheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
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3
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Deng G, Chu YH, Xiao J, Shang K, Zhou LQ, Qin C, Tian DS. Risk Factors, Pathophysiologic Mechanisms, and Potential Treatment Strategies of Futile Recanalization after Endovascular Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2023; 14:2096-2112. [PMID: 37199580 PMCID: PMC10676786 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Endovascular therapy is the first-line treatment for acute ischemic stroke. However, studies have shown that, even with the timely opening of occluded blood vessels, nearly half of all patients treated with endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke still have poor functional recovery, a phenomenon called "futile recanalization.". The pathophysiology of futile recanalization is complex and may include tissue no-reflow (microcirculation reperfusion failure despite recanalization of the occluded large artery), early arterial reocclusion (reocclusion of the recanalized artery 24-48 hours post endovascular therapy), poor collateral circulation, hemorrhagic transformation (cerebral bleeding following primary ischemic stroke), impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation, and large hypoperfusion volume. Therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms have been attempted in preclinical research; however, translation to the bedside remains to be explored. This review summarizes the risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, and targeted therapy strategies of futile recanalization, focusing on the mechanisms and targeted therapy strategies of no-reflow to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and provide new translational research ideas and potential intervention targets for improving the efficacy of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yun-hui Chu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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4
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Dong W, Peng Q, Liu Z, Xie Z, Guo X, Li Y, Chen C. Estrogen plays an important role by influencing the NLRP3 inflammasome. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115554. [PMID: 37738797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an important part of the natural immune system that plays an important role in many diseases. Estrogen is a sex hormone that plays an important role in controlling reproduction and regulates many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have indicated that estrogen is associated with disease progression. Estrogen can ameliorate some diseases (e. g, sepsis, mood disturbances, cerebral ischemia, some hepatopathy, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, osteoarthritis, and renal fibrosis) by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Estrogen can also promote the development of diseases (e.g., ovarian endometriosis, dry eye disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus) by upregulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, estrogen has a dual effect on the development of cancers and asthma. However, the mechanism of these effects is not summarized. This article reviewed the progress in understanding the effects of estrogen on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its mechanisms in recent years to provide a theoretical basis for an in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanglin Dong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoxin Liu
- Clinical College of Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, College of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.
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5
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Xu X, Chen M, Zhu D. Reperfusion and cytoprotective agents are a mutually beneficial pair in ischaemic stroke therapy: an overview of pathophysiology, pharmacological targets and candidate drugs focusing on excitotoxicity and free radical. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023:svn-2023-002671. [PMID: 37832977 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability in much of the world. In particular, China faces the greatest challenge from stroke, since the population is aged quickly. In decades of clinical trials, no neuroprotectant has had reproducible efficacy on primary clinical end points, because reperfusion is probably a necessity for neuroprotection to be clinically beneficial. Fortunately, the success of thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy has taken us into a reperfusion era of acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) therapy. Brain cytoprotective agents can prevent detrimental effects of ischaemia, and therefore 'freeze' ischaemic penumbra before reperfusion, extend the time window for reperfusion therapy. Because reperfusion often leads to reperfusion injury, including haemorrhagic transformation, brain oedema, infarct progression and neurological worsening, cytoprotective agents will enhance the efficacy and safety of reperfusion therapy by preventing or reducing reperfusion injuries. Therefore, reperfusion and cytoprotective agents are a mutually beneficial pair in AIS therapy. In this review, we outline critical pathophysiological events causing cell death within the penumbra after ischaemia or ischaemia/reperfusion in the acute phase of AIS, focusing on excitotoxicity and free radicals. We discuss key pharmacological targets for cytoprotective therapy and evaluate the recent advances of cytoprotective agents going through clinical trials, highlighting multitarget cytoprotective agents that intervene at multiple levels of the ischaemic and reperfusion cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongya Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Ndrepepa G, Kastrati A. Coronary No-Reflow after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Current Knowledge on Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Clinical Impact and Therapy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5592. [PMID: 37685660 PMCID: PMC10488607 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary no-reflow (CNR) is a frequent phenomenon that develops in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) following reperfusion therapy. CNR is highly dynamic, develops gradually (over hours) and persists for days to weeks after reperfusion. Microvascular obstruction (MVO) developing as a consequence of myocardial ischemia, distal embolization and reperfusion-related injury is the main pathophysiological mechanism of CNR. The frequency of CNR or MVO after primary PCI differs widely depending on the sensitivity of the tools used for diagnosis and timing of examination. Coronary angiography is readily available and most convenient to diagnose CNR but it is highly conservative and underestimates the true frequency of CNR. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is the most sensitive method to diagnose MVO and CNR that provides information on the presence, localization and extent of MVO. CMR imaging detects intramyocardial hemorrhage and accurately estimates the infarct size. MVO and CNR markedly negate the benefits of reperfusion therapy and contribute to poor clinical outcomes including adverse remodeling of left ventricle, worsening or new congestive heart failure and reduced survival. Despite extensive research and the use of therapies that target almost all known pathophysiological mechanisms of CNR, no therapy has been found that prevents or reverses CNR and provides consistent clinical benefit in patients with STEMI undergoing reperfusion. Currently, the prevention or alleviation of MVO and CNR remain unmet goals in the therapy of STEMI that continue to be under intense research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gjin Ndrepepa
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany;
| | - Adnan Kastrati
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstrasse 36, 80636 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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7
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Chen F, Zhan J, Al Mamun A, Tao Y, Huang S, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Du S, Lu W, Li X, Chen Z, Xiao J. Sulforaphane protects microvascular endothelial cells in lower limb ischemia/reperfusion injury mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:7176-7194. [PMID: 37462424 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01801f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Microvascular damage is a key pathological factor in acute lower limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Current evidence suggests that sulforaphane (SFN) protects tissue from I/R injury. However, the role of SFN in acute lower limb I/R injury remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role and potential mechanism of SFN in I/R-related microvascular damage in the limb. Methods: Limb viability was evaluated by laser Doppler imaging, tissue edema analysis and histological analysis. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were applied to analyze the levels of apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, transcription factor EB (TFEB) activity and mucolipin 1 (MCOLN1)-calcineurin signaling pathway. Results: SFN administration significantly ameliorated I/R-induced hypoperfusion, tissue edema, skeletal muscle fiber injury and endothelial cell (EC) damage in the limb. Pharmacological inhibition of NFE2L2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2) reversed the anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis effects of SFN on ECs. Additionally, silencing of TFEB by interfering RNA abolished the SFN-induced autophagy restoration, anti-oxidant response and anti-apoptosis effects on ECs. Furthermore, silencing of MCOLN1 by interfering RNA and pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin inhibited the activity of TFEB induced by SFN, demonstrating that SFN regulates the activity of TFEB through the MCOLN1-calcineurin signaling pathway. Conclusion: SFN protects microvascular ECs against I/R injury by TFEB-mediated autophagy restoration and anti-oxidant response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfeng Chen
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China.
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiayu Zhan
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yibing Tao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yitie Xu
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shenghu Du
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China.
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei Lu
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China.
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zimiao Chen
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Wound Healing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China.
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, China
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
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8
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Guo RB, Dong YF, Yin Z, Cai ZY, Yang J, Ji J, Sun YQ, Huang XX, Xue TF, Cheng H, Zhou XQ, Sun XL. Iptakalim improves cerebral microcirculation in mice after ischemic stroke by inhibiting pericyte contraction. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1349-1359. [PMID: 34697419 PMCID: PMC9160281 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pericytes are present tight around the intervals of capillaries, play an essential role in stabilizing the blood-brain barrier, regulating blood flow and immunomodulation, and persistent contraction of pericytes eventually leads to impaired blood flow and poor clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke. We previously show that iptakalim, an ATP-sensitive potassium (K-ATP) channel opener, exerts protective effects in neurons, and glia against ischemia-induced injury. In this study we investigated the impacts of iptakalim on pericytes contraction in stroke. Mice were subjected to cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), then administered iptakalim (10 mg/kg, ip). We showed that iptakalim administration significantly promoted recovery of cerebral blood flow after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Furthermore, we found that iptakalim significantly inhibited pericytes contraction, decreased the number of obstructed capillaries, and improved cerebral microcirculation. Using a collagen gel contraction assay, we demonstrated that cultured pericytes subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) consistently contracted from 3 h till 24 h during reoxygenation, whereas iptakalim treatment (10 μM) notably restrained pericyte contraction from 6 h during reoxygenation. We further showed that iptakalim treatment promoted K-ATP channel opening via suppressing SUR2/EPAC1 complex formation. Consequently, it reduced calcium influx and ET-1 release. Taken together, our results demonstrate that iptakalim, targeted K-ATP channels, can improve microvascular disturbance by inhibiting pericyte contraction after ischemic stroke. Our work reveals that iptakalim might be developed as a promising pericyte regulator for treatment of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-bing Guo
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yin-feng Dong
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Zhi Yin
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Zhen-yu Cai
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Jin Yang
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Juan Ji
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yu-qin Sun
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Xin-xin Huang
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Teng-fei Xue
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Hong Cheng
- grid.412676.00000 0004 1799 0784The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Xi-qiao Zhou
- grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
| | - Xiu-lan Sun
- grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China ,grid.410745.30000 0004 1765 1045Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029 China
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9
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1689-1699. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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10
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Zhang X, Han X, Zhang Y. CPNE3 interaction with RACK1 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:128. [PMID: 34970351 PMCID: PMC8713176 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copine 3 (CPNE3) and receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) have been determined to be risk factors for patients with acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The present study aimed to evaluate the role of CPNE3 and its interaction with RACK1 in myocardial (I/R) injury. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting were performed to detect CPNE3 and RACK1 expression levels in H9c2 cells before and after the transfection of CPNE3 overexpression plasmid or small interfering RNA-RACK1. Cell viability was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and immunoprecipitation assays were performed to determine the interaction between CPNE3 and RACK1. A commercial kit was used to examine lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected via RT-qPCR and western blotting. Cell apoptosis was assessed via TUNEL staining and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the expression levels of CPNE3 and RACK1 were decreased in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced H9c2 cardiomyocytes, which was consistent with the expression levels observed in the myocardial I/R injury rat model. It was found that CPNE3 overexpression upregulated RACK1 expression, increased cell viability and suppressed the release of LDH in H/R-induced H9c2 cells. Furthermore, CPNE3 overexpression inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines and decreased cell apoptosis in H/R-induced cardiomyocytes by activating RACK1 expression. The present study suggested that CPNE3 served an important role in preventing I/R injury by interacting with RACK1, providing novel insight into the prevention of myocardial I/R injury, as well as the treatment and care of patients with myocardial I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Zhang
- Cardiology Department One, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Xue Han
- Cardiology Department One, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Cardiology Department One, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061001, P.R. China
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11
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Li S, Chen J, Liu M, Chen Y, Wu Y, Li Q, Ma T, Gao J, Xia Y, Fan M, Chen A, Lu D, Su E, Xu F, Chen Z, Qian J, Ge J. Protective effect of HINT2 on mitochondrial function via repressing MCU complex activation attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:65. [PMID: 34914018 PMCID: PMC8677646 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that coronary microcirculation is a key target for protecting against cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex activation and mitochondrial calcium ([Ca2+]m) overload are underlying mechanisms involved in cardiovascular disease. Histidine triad nucleotide-binding 2 (HINT2) has been reported to modulate [Ca2+]m via the MCU complex, and our previous work demonstrated that HINT2 improved cardiomyocyte survival and preserved heart function in mice with cardiac ischemia. This study aimed to explore the benefits of HINT2 on cardiac microcirculation in I/R injury with a focus on mitochondria, the MCU complex, and [Ca2+]m overload in endothelial cells. The present work demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression significantly reduced the no-reflow area and improved microvascular perfusion in I/R-injured mouse hearts, potentially by promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation. Microvascular barrier function was compromised by reperfusion injury, but was repaired by HINT2 overexpression via inhibiting VE-Cadherin phosphorylation at Tyr731 and enhancing the VE-Cadherin/β-Catenin interaction. In addition, HINT2 overexpression inhibited the inflammatory response by suppressing vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Mitochondrial fission occurred in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury and resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis, the effects of which were largely relieved by HINT2 overexpression. Additional experiments confirmed that [Ca2+]m overload was an initiating factor for mitochondrial fission and that HINT2 suppressed [Ca2+]m overload via modulation of the MCU complex through directly interacting with MCU in CMECs. Regaining [Ca2+]m overload by spermine, an MCU agonist, abolished all the protective effects of HINT2 on OGD/R-injured CMECs and I/R-injured cardiac microcirculation. In conclusion, the present report demonstrated that HINT2 overexpression inhibited MCU complex-mitochondrial calcium overload-mitochondrial fission and apoptosis pathway, and thereby attenuated cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinxiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Muyin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuqiong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinfeng Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengkang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Xisi Road 20, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danbo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Enyong Su
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Dyer WB, Tung JP, Li Bassi G, Wildi K, Jung JS, Colombo SM, Rozencwajg S, Simonova G, Chiaretti S, Temple FT, Ainola C, Shuker T, Palmieri C, Shander A, Suen JY, Irving DO, Fraser JF. An Ovine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation, to Assess Recovery of Tissue Oxygen Delivery and Oxygen Debt, and Inform Patient Blood Management. Shock 2021; 56:1080-1091. [PMID: 34014886 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggressive fluid or blood component transfusion for severe hemorrhagic shock may restore macrocirculatory parameters, but not always improve microcirculatory perfusion and tissue oxygen delivery. We established an ovine model of hemorrhagic shock to systematically assess tissue oxygen delivery and repayment of oxygen debt; appropriate outcomes to guide Patient Blood Management. METHODS Female Dorset-cross sheep were anesthetized, intubated, and subjected to comprehensive macrohemodynamic, regional tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), sublingual capillary imaging, and arterial lactate monitoring confirmed by invasive organ-specific microvascular perfusion, oxygen pressure, and lactate/pyruvate levels in brain, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle. Shock was induced by stepwise withdrawal of venous blood until MAP was 30 mm Hg, mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) < 60%, and arterial lactate >4 mM. Resuscitation with PlasmaLyte® was dosed to achieve MAP > 65 mm Hg. RESULTS Hemorrhage impacted primary outcomes between baseline and development of shock: MAP 89 ± 5 to 31 ± 5 mm Hg (P < 0.01), SvO2 70 ± 7 to 23 ± 8% (P < 0.05), cerebral regional tissue StO2 77 ± 11 to 65 ± 9% (P < 0.01), peripheral muscle StO2 66 ± 8 to 16 ± 9% (P < 0.01), arterial lactate 1.5 ± 1.0 to 5.1 ± 0.8 mM (P < 0.01), and base excess 1.1 ± 2.2 to -3.6 ± 1.7 mM (P < 0.05). Invasive organ-specific monitoring confirmed reduced tissue oxygen delivery; oxygen tension decreased and lactate increased in all tissues, but moderately in brain. Blood volume replacement with PlasmaLyte® improved primary outcome measures toward baseline, confirmed by organ-specific measures, despite hemoglobin reduced from baseline 10.8 ± 1.2 to 5.9 ± 1.1 g/dL post-resuscitation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Non-invasive measures of tissue oxygen delivery and oxygen debt repayment are suitable outcomes to inform Patient Blood Management of hemorrhagic shock, translatable for pre-clinical assessment of novel resuscitation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne B Dyer
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - John-Paul Tung
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Medical Engineering Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karin Wildi
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jae-Seung Jung
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastiano Maria Colombo
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Sacha Rozencwajg
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS-1166, ICAN Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Medical ICU, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gabriela Simonova
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Fergal T Temple
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Brisbane, Australia
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Carmen Ainola
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tristan Shuker
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Aryeh Shander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, Englewood Health, Englewood
- TeamHealth, Englewood Health, Englewood
- UF College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rutgers University, Newark
| | - Jacky Y Suen
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David O Irving
- Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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13
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Przykaza Ł. Understanding the Connection Between Common Stroke Comorbidities, Their Associated Inflammation, and the Course of the Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Cascade. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782569. [PMID: 34868060 PMCID: PMC8634336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous progress in the understanding of the course of the ischemic stroke over the last few decades, a therapy that effectively protects neurovascular units (NVUs) and significantly improves neurological functions in stroke patients has still not been achieved. The reasons for this state are unclear, but it is obvious that the cerebral ischemia and reperfusion cascade is a highly complex phenomenon, which includes the intense neuroinflammatory processes, and comorbid stroke risk factors strongly worsen stroke outcomes and likely make a substantial contribution to the pathophysiology of the ischemia/reperfusion, enhancing difficulties in searching of successful treatment. Common concomitant stroke risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia) strongly drive inflammatory processes during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion; because these factors are often present for a long time before a stroke, causing low-grade background inflammation in the brain, and already initially disrupting the proper functions of NVUs. Broad consideration of this situation in basic research may prove to be crucial for the success of future clinical trials of neuroprotection, vasculoprotection and immunomodulation in stroke. This review focuses on the mechanism by which coexisting common risk factors for stroke intertwine in cerebral ischemic/reperfusion cascade and the dysfunction and disintegration of NVUs through inflammatory processes, principally activation of pattern recognition receptors, alterations in the expression of adhesion molecules and the subsequent pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Przykaza
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Zhang L, Yang C, Qiu B. LncRNA RP11-400K9.4 Aggravates Cardiomyocytes Apoptosis After Hypoxia/Reperfusion Injury by Targeting miR-423. Int Heart J 2021; 62:1124-1134. [PMID: 34497168 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our study was aimed at exploring the roles of lncRNA RP11-400K9.4 (RP11-400K9.4) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) -induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. H/R model was constructed in rat primary cardiomyocytes (PC) and H9c2 cells. In this study, the results showed that H/R significantly induced the apoptosis of PC and H9c2 cells. The expression of RP11-400K9.4 was upregulated in H/R-induced PC and H9c2 cells, but miR-423 expression was downregulated. Silencing RP11-400K9.4 could attenuate H/R-induced apoptosis in PC and H9c2 cells. We also found that miR-423 was a potential target of RP11-400K9.4. The effect of silencing RP11-400K9.4 on H/R-induced apoptosis of PC and H9c2 cells was significantly reversed by miR-423 inhibitor transfection. Furthermore, our data confirmed that silencing RP11-400K9.4 promoted the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) /extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and these phenomena can be reversed by miR-423 inhibitor transfection. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that silencing RP11-400K9.4 could alleviate H/R-induced cardiomyocytes damages via suppressing apoptosis by targeting miR-423 with the activation of PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qujing Number 1 People's Hospital
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of ECG Room, Weifang Yidu Central Hospital
| | - Binghua Qiu
- Department of General Practice, Weifang people's Hospital
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15
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Watanabe M, Borges FT, Pessoa EA, Fonseca CD, Fernandes SM, Drew RC, Volpini RA, Vattimo MFF. Renoprotective effect of N-acetylcysteine depends upon the severity of the ischemia reperfusion injury. Braz J Med Biol Res 2021; 54:e9941. [PMID: 34495252 PMCID: PMC8427747 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e9941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in seriously ill patients, while renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the most frequent event in this oxidative renal injury. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a small molecule containing a thiol group that has antioxidant properties, promoting detoxification and acting directly as a free radical scavenger. In this study, the protective effect of NAC was investigated in short-term (30 min) and long-term (45 min) ischemic AKI. This was achieved via clamping of the renal artery for 30 or 45 min in Wistar rats to induce I/R injury. AKI worsened with a longer period of ischemia (45 compared to 30 min) due to probable irreversible damage. Preconditioning with NAC in short-term ischemia improved renal blood flow and increased creatinine clearance by reducing oxidative metabolites and increasing antioxidant capacity. Otherwise, NAC did not change these parameters in the long-term ischemia. Therefore, this study demonstrated that the period of ischemia determines the severity of the AKI, and NAC presented antioxidant effects in short-term ischemia but not in long-term ischemia, confirming that there is a possible therapeutic window for its renoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Watanabe
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - F T Borges
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E A Pessoa
- Divisão de Nefrologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - C D Fonseca
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - S M Fernandes
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - R C Drew
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R A Volpini
- Departamento de Nefrologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M F F Vattimo
- Laboratório Experimental de Modelos Animais, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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16
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Ivankovic I, Déan-Ben XL, Haas H, Kimm MA, Wildgruber M, Razansky D. Volumetric Optoacoustic Tomography Differentiates Myocardial Remodelling. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1235-1243. [PMID: 32394284 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial healing following myocardial infarction (MI) is a complex process that is yet to be fully understood. Clinical attempts in regeneration of the injured myocardium using cardiac stem cells faced major challenges, calling for a better understanding of the processes involved at a more basic level in order to foster translation. PROCEDURES We examined the feasibility of volumetric optoacoustic tomography (VOT) in studying healing of the myocardium in different models of MI, including permanent occlusion (PO) of the left coronary artery, temporary occlusion (ischemia-reperfusion-I/R) and infarcted c-kit mutants, a genetic mouse model with impaired cardiac healing. Murine hearts were imaged at 100 Hz frame rate using 800 nm excitation wavelength, corresponding to the peak absorption of indocyanine green (ICG) in plasma and the isosbestic point of haemoglobin. RESULTS The non-invasive real-time volumetric imaging capabilities of VOT have allowed the detection of significant variations in the pulmonary transit time (PTT), a parameter affected by MI, across different murine models. Upon intravenous injection of ICG, we were able to track alterations in cardiac perfusion in I/R models, which were absent in wild-type (wt) PO or kitW/kitW-v PO mice. The wt-PO and I/R models further exhibited irregularities in their cardiac cycles. CONCLUSIONS Clear differences in the PTT, ICG perfusion and cardiac cycle patterns were identified between the different models and days post MI. Overall, the results highlight the unique capacity of VOT for multi-parametric characterization of morphological and functional changes in murine models of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Ivankovic
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luís Déan-Ben
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helena Haas
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie A Kimm
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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17
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Przykaza Ł, Kozniewska E. Ligands of the Neuropeptide Y Y2 Receptors as a Potential Multitarget Therapeutic Approach for the Protection of the Neurovascular Unit Against Acute Ischemia/Reperfusion: View from the Perspective of the Laboratory Bench. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 13:12-24. [PMID: 34292517 PMCID: PMC8766383 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with no available satisfactory prevention or treatment approach. The current treatment is limited to the use of “reperfusion methods,” i.e., an intravenous or intra-arterial infusion of a fibrinolytic agent, mechanical removal of the clot by thrombectomy, or a combination of both methods. It should be stressed, however, that only approximately 5% of all acute strokes are eligible for fibrinolytic treatment and fewer than 10% for thrombectomy. Despite the tremendous progress in understanding of the pathomechanisms of cerebral ischemia, the promising results of basic research on neuroprotection are not currently transferable to human stroke. A possible explanation for this failure is that experiments on in vivo animal models involve healthy young animals, and the experimental protocols seldom consider the importance of protecting the whole neurovascular unit (NVU), which ensures intracranial homeostasis and is seriously damaged by ischemia/reperfusion. One of the endogenous protective systems activated during ischemia and in neurodegenerative diseases is represented by neuropeptide Y (NPY). It has been demonstrated that activation of NPY Y2 receptors (Y2R) by a specific ligand decreases the volume of the postischemic infarction and improves performance in functional tests of rats with arterial hypertension subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion. This functional improvement suggests the protection of the NVU. In this review, we focus on NPY and discuss the potential, multidirectional protective effects of Y2R agonists against acute focal ischemia/reperfusion injury, with special reference to the NVU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Przykaza
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawińskiego Str. 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozniewska
- Laboratory of Experimental and Clinical Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, A. Pawińskiego Str. 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Cao X, Li B, Han X, Zhang X, Dang M, Wang H, Du F, Zeng X, Guo C. Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products promotes angiogenesis through activation of STAT3 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2021; 25:341-353. [PMID: 32333220 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01602-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), which exerts cardioprotective effect through inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, is also known to enhance angiogenesis in post-ischemic reperfusion injury-critical limb ischemia (PIRI-CLI) mice. However, whether sRAGE protects the heart from myocardial I/R injury via promoting angiogenesis remains unclear. Myocardial model of I/R injury was conducted by left anterior descending (LAD) ligation for 30 min and reperfusion for 2 weeks in C57BL/6 mice. And I/R injury in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) was duplicated by oxygen and glucose deprivation. The results showed that I/R-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation and myocardial fibrosis were all reversed by sRAGE. CD31 immunohistochemistry staining showed that sRAGE increased the density of vessels after I/R injury. The results from cultured CMECs showed that sRAGE inhibited apoptosis and increased proliferation, migration, angiogenesis after exposure to I/R. These effects were dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Together, the present study demonstrated that activation of STAT3 contributed to the protective effects of sRAGE on myocardial I/R injury via promoting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejie Han
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqiu Dang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghe Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.,Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China. .,Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, National Clinical Trial Institution, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Amki ME, Wegener S. Reperfusion failure despite recanalization in stroke: New translational evidence. CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/2514183x211007137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatment for acute ischemic stroke aims at recanalizing the occluded blood vessel to reperfuse ischemic brain tissue. Clot removal can be achieved pharmacologically with a thrombolytic drug, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, or with mechanical thrombectomy. However, reopening the occluded vessel does not guarantee full tissue reperfusion, which has been referred to as reperfusion failure. When it occurs, reperfusion failure significantly attenuates the beneficial effect of recanalization therapy and severely affects functional recovery of stroke patients. The mechanisms of reperfusion failure are somewhat complex and not fully understood. Briefly, after stroke, capillaries show stalls, constriction and luminal narrowing, being crowded with neutrophils, and fibrin–platelet deposits. Furthermore, after recanalization in stroke patients, a primary clot can break, dislodge, and occlude distal arterial branches further downstream. In this review, we highlight a rodent model that allows studying the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying reperfusion failure after stroke. We also describe the vascular and intravascular changes involved in reperfusion, which may provide relevant therapeutic targets for improving treatment of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Amki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Clinical Neuroscience Center and Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Clinical Neuroscience Center and Zurich Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), Zürich, Switzerland
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El-Bouri WK, MacGowan A, Józsa TI, Gounis MJ, Payne SJ. Modelling the impact of clot fragmentation on the microcirculation after thrombectomy. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008515. [PMID: 33711015 PMCID: PMC7990195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many ischaemic stroke patients who have a mechanical removal of their clot (thrombectomy) do not get reperfusion of tissue despite the thrombus being removed. One hypothesis for this 'no-reperfusion' phenomenon is micro-emboli fragmenting off the large clot during thrombectomy and occluding smaller blood vessels downstream of the clot location. This is impossible to observe in-vivo and so we here develop an in-silico model based on in-vitro experiments to model the effect of micro-emboli on brain tissue. Through in-vitro experiments we obtain, under a variety of clot consistencies and thrombectomy techniques, micro-emboli distributions post-thrombectomy. Blood flow through the microcirculation is modelled for statistically accurate voxels of brain microvasculature including penetrating arterioles and capillary beds. A novel micro-emboli algorithm, informed by the experimental data, is used to simulate the impact of micro-emboli successively entering the penetrating arterioles and the capillary bed. Scaled-up blood flow parameters-permeability and coupling coefficients-are calculated under various conditions. We find that capillary beds are more susceptible to occlusions than the penetrating arterioles with a 4x greater drop in permeability per volume of vessel occluded. Individual microvascular geometries determine robustness to micro-emboli. Hard clot fragmentation leads to larger micro-emboli and larger drops in blood flow for a given number of micro-emboli. Thrombectomy technique has a large impact on clot fragmentation and hence occlusions in the microvasculature. As such, in-silico modelling of mechanical thrombectomy predicts that clot specific factors, interventional technique, and microvascular geometry strongly influence reperfusion of the brain. Micro-emboli are likely contributory to the phenomenon of no-reperfusion following successful removal of a major clot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahbi K. El-Bouri
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew MacGowan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás I. Józsa
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Gounis
- New England Center for Stroke Research, Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Payne
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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21
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Zhang Q, Cao Y, Liu Y, Huang W, Ren J, Wang P, Song C, Fan K, Ba L, Wang L, Sun H. Shear stress inhibits cardiac microvascular endothelial cells apoptosis to protect against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury via YAP/miR-206/PDCD4 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114466. [PMID: 33610591 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs), derived from coronary circulation microvessel, are the main barrier for the exchange of energy and nutrients between myocardium and blood. However, microvascular I/R injury is a severely neglected topic, and few strategies can reverse this pathology. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of shear stress in microvascular I/R injury, and try to elucidate the downstream signaling pathways that inhibit CMECs apoptosis to reduce I/R injury. Our results demonstrated that shear stress inhibited the apoptosis protein, increased PECAM-1 expression and eNOS phosphorylation in hypoxia reoxygenated (H/R) CMECs. The mechanism of shear stress was related to up-regulated expression of YAP, the increased number of YAP entering the nucleus by dephosphorylation, the reduced number of TUNEL positive cells, increased miR-206 and inhibited protein level of PDCD4 in CMECs. However, siRNA-mediated knockdown of YAP abolished the protective effects of shear stress on CMECs apoptosis, similar results obtained from administration with AMO-miR-206, and also prevented PDCD4 (target gene of miR-206) increasing when treatment with both AMO-miR-206 and mimics-miR-206. In vivo, restoring the blood fluid with nitroglycerin (NTG) to mimic in vitro shear stress levels, which subsequently improved cardiac function, reduced infarcted area, lowered microvascular perfusion defects. Functional investigations clearly illustrated that increased the protein expression of PECAM-1 and eNOS phosphorylation, activated YAP, strengthened miR-206 expression, and suppressed PDCD4 expression. In summary, this study confirmed that shear stress reversed CMECs apoptosis, relieved microvascular I/R injury, the mechanism of which involving through YAP/miR-206/PDCD4 signaling pathway to finally suppress myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yonggang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lina Ba
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing 163319, China.
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22
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Huang Y, Pan L, Wu T. Improvement of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by L-3-n-butylphthalide through promoting angiogenesis. Exp Brain Res 2020; 239:341-350. [PMID: 33180154 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury may lead to a poor prognosis for ischemic stroke patients after reperfusion therapy, and currently, lacks effective therapeutic intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-3-n-butylphthalide (L-NBP) on cerebral I/R injury in rats. Rat models of cerebral I/R injury were established using the middle cerebral artery occlusion/refusion (MACO/R) surgery and were administrated intragastrically with L-NBP or vehicle. We found that L-NBP attenuated the histological damages and reduced the brain hematoma in MACO/R rats. L-NBP also significantly improved the neurological function, alleviated the brain edema, and reduced the permeability of blood-brain barrier of MACO/R rats. Moreover, we detected that L-NBP considerably facilitated microvessel formation in the lesion area of brain in MACO/R rats. Finally, we found that L-NBP significantly increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HIF-1α, and VEGF in the brain of MACO/R rats. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that L-NBP exerted significant beneficial effects on cerebral I/R injury in rats through promoting angiogenesis, which may be associated with the activation of Nrf2/HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway. Our results suggested that L-NBP could be a potential therapeutic drug for cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishou Pan
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, 336000, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Izadpanah P, Falahati F, Mokhtari AM, Hosseinpour F, Faham B, Sheidaee R, Jalali S, Zare H, Hassanipour S. The survival rate of patients with ST-Segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention and thrombolysis. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kemp SS, Aguera KN, Cha B, Davis GE. Defining Endothelial Cell-Derived Factors That Promote Pericyte Recruitment and Capillary Network Assembly. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:2632-2648. [PMID: 32814441 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to identify and investigate the functional role of the major endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors that control pericyte recruitment to EC tubes and pericyte-induced tube maturation during capillary network formation. Approach and Results: We identify PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)-BB, PDGF-DD, ET (endothelin)-1, TGF (transforming growth factor)-β, and HB-EGF (heparin-binding epidermal growth factor), as the key individual and combined regulators of pericyte assembly around EC tubes. Using novel pericyte only assays, we demonstrate that PDGF-BB, PDGF-DD, and ET-1 are the primary direct drivers of pericyte invasion. Their addition to pericytes induces invasion as if ECs were present. In contrast, TGF-β and HB-EGF have minimal ability to directly stimulate pericyte invasion. In contrast, TGF-β1 can act as an upstream pericyte primer to stimulate invasion in response to PDGFs and ET-1. HB-EGF stimulates pericyte proliferation along with PDGFs and ET-1. Using EC-pericyte cocultures, individual, or combined blockade of these EC-derived factors, or their pericyte receptors, using neutralizing antibodies or chemical inhibitors, respectively, interferes with pericyte recruitment and proliferation. As individual factors, PDGF-BB and ET-1 have the strongest impact on these events. However, when the blocking reagents are combined to interfere with each of the above factors or their receptors, more dramatic and profound blockade of pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition occurs. Under these conditions, ECs form tubes that become much wider and less elongated as if pericytes were absent. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these new studies define and characterize a functional role for key EC-derived factors controlling pericyte recruitment, proliferation, and pericyte-induced basement membrane deposition during capillary network assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Kalia N Aguera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - Byeong Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
| | - George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa
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NAD + administration decreases microvascular damage following cardiac ischemia/reperfusion by restoring autophagic flux. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:57. [PMID: 32778948 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular damage is a key pathological change in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Using a rat model of myocardial I/R, our current study has provided the first evidence that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) administration can significantly attenuate myocardial I/R-induced microvascular damage, including reduced regional blood perfusion, decreased microvessel density and integrity, and coronary microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) injury. In studies with primary cultured CMECs under hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR) and a rat model of I/R, our results suggested that the protective effect of NAD+ on CMECs exposed to HR or I/R is at least partially mediated by the NAD+-induced restoration of autophagic flux, especially lysosomal autophagy: NAD+ treatment markedly induced transcription factor EB (TFEB) activation and attenuated lysosomal dysfunction in the I/R or HR-exposed cells. Collectively, our study has provided the first in vivo and in vitro evidence that NAD+ significantly rescued the impaired autophagic flux and cell apoptosis that was induced by I/R in rat CMECs, which is mediated in part through the action of TFEB-mediated lysosomal autophagy.
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26
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Christodoulou A, Bagli E, Gazouli M, Moschos MM, Kitsos G. Association of MMP2-1306C/T Polymorphism with Ischemic Retinal Vein Occlusion. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:710-713. [PMID: 32646603 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the possible association of the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2)-1306C/T polymorphism with the risk of ischemic retinal vein occlusion (iRVO). METHODS A total of 69 patients with RVO were enrolled in this study (43 with non-iRVO and 26 with iRVO). All subjects were screened for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, history of stroke, anticoagulant medication, smoking status and glaucoma. The genotyping of MMP2-1306C/T polymorphism was performed using PCR-RFLP-based methods. RESULTS MMP2-1306C/T T allele carriers (CT+TT) were statistically significant associated with a higher risk of iRVO compared to CC genotype in the overall RVO group (odds ratio = 3.91, p = 0.015, 95% confidence interval:1.30-11.79). Analysis, following stratification by age revealed that T allele carriers had a statistically significant increased risk of iRVO compared to C allele carriers only in RVO patients <75 years old. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that MMP2-1306C/T polymorphism is a likely predisposing factor for iRVO in patients <75 years old. This is the first study attempting association of a gene polymorphism with the prevalence of iRVO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Gazouli
- Biology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Athens, Greece
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27
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Mendonça BP, Cardoso JDS, Michels M, Vieira AC, Wendhausen D, Manfredini A, Singer M, Dal-Pizzol F, Dyson A. Neuroprotective effects of ammonium tetrathiomolybdate, a slow-release sulfide donor, in a rodent model of regional stroke. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:13. [PMID: 32274608 PMCID: PMC7145883 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several therapeutic strategies to rescue the brain from ischemic injury have improved outcomes after stroke; however, there is no treatment as yet for reperfusion injury, the secondary damage caused by necessary revascularization. Recently we characterized ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATTM), a drug used as a copper chelator over many decades in humans, as a new class of sulfide donor that shows efficacy in preclinical injury models. We hypothesized that ATTM could confer neuroprotection in a relevant rodent model of regional stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS Brain ischemia was induced by transient (90-min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in anesthetized Wistar rats. To mimic a clinical scenario, ATTM (or saline) was administered intravenously just prior to reperfusion. At 24 h or 7 days post-reperfusion, rats were assessed using functional (rotarod test, spontaneous locomotor activity), histological (infarct size), and molecular (anti-oxidant enzyme capacity, oxidative damage, and inflammation) outcome measurements. ATTM-treated animals showed improved functional activity at both 24 h and 7-days post-reperfusion, in parallel with a significant reduction in infarct size. These effects were additionally associated with increased brain antioxidant enzyme capacity, decreased oxidative damage, and a late (7-day) effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and nitric oxide products. CONCLUSION ATTM confers significant neuroprotection that, along with its known safety profile in humans, provides encouragement for its development as a novel adjunct therapy for revascularization following stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Pescador Mendonça
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | | | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Vieira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Diogo Wendhausen
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Andressa Manfredini
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Alex Dyson
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil. .,Bloomsbury Institute for Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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28
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Deng S, Essandoh K, Wang X, Li Y, Huang W, Chen J, Peng J, Jiang DS, Mu X, Wang C, Peng T, Guan JL, Wang Y, Jegga A, Huang K, Fan GC. Tsg101 positively regulates P62-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway to protect hearts against oxidative damage. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101453. [PMID: 32057709 PMCID: PMC7264471 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, most antioxidants do not show any favorable clinical outcomes in reducing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, suggesting an urgent need for exploring a new regulator of redox homeostasis in I/R hearts. Here, using heart-specific transgenic (TG) and knockdown (KD) mouse models, tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) is defined as a novel cardiac-protector against I/R-triggered oxidative stress. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics data surprisingly reveal that most upregulated genes in Tsg101-TG hearts are transcribed by Nrf2. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of Nrf2 offsets Tsg101-elicited cardio-protection. Mechanistically, Tsg101 interacts with SQSTM1/p62 through its PRR domain, and promotes p62 aggregation, leading to recruitment of Keap1 for degradation by autophagosomes and release of Nrf2 to the nucleus. Furthermore, knockout of p62 abrogates Tsg101-induced cardio-protective effects during I/R. Hence, our findings uncover a previously unrecognized role of Tsg101 in the regulation of p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling cascades and provide a new strategy for the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China; Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Kobina Essandoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jiangtong Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xingjiang Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Chenran Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Anil Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China; Clinical Center for Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Wu J, Chen H, Zhao M, Peng S. Modifying ICCA with Trp-Phe-Phe to Enhance in vivo Activity and Form Nano-Medicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:465-481. [PMID: 32021191 PMCID: PMC6982437 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s229856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (ICCA) was modified by Trp-Phe-Phe to form 1-(4-isopropylphenyl)-β-carboline-3-carbonyl-Trp-Phe-Phe (ICCA-WFF). PURPOSE The object of preparing ICCA-WFF was to enhance the in vivo efficacy of ICCA, to explore the possible targeting action, and to visualize the nano-feature. METHODS The advantages of ICCA-WFF over ICCA were demonstrated by a series of in vivo assays, such as anti-tumor assay, anti-arterial thrombosis assay, anti-venous thrombosis assay, P-selectin expression assay, and GPIIb/IIIa expression assay. The nano-features of ICCA-WFF were visualized by TEM, SEM and AFM images. The thrombus targeting and tumor-targeting actions were evidenced by FT-MS spectrum analysis. RESULTS The minimal effective dose of ICCA-WFF slowing tumor growth and inhibiting thrombosis was 10-fold lower than that of ICCA. ICCA-WFF, but not ICCA, formed nano-particles capable of safe delivery in blood circulation. In vivo ICCA-WFF, but not ICCA, can target thrombus and tumor. In thrombus and tumor, ICCA-WFF released Trp-Phe-Phe and/or ICCA. CONCLUSION Modifying ICCA with Trp-Phe-Phe successfully enhanced the anti-tumor activity, improved the anti-thrombotic action, formed nano-particles, targeted tumor tissue and thrombus, and provided an oligopeptide modification strategy for heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Department of Biomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
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Bai J, Wang Q, Qi J, Yu H, Wang C, Wang X, Ren Y, Yang F. Promoting effect of baicalin on nitric oxide production in CMECs via activating the PI3K-AKT-eNOS pathway attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 63:153035. [PMID: 31377586 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Baicalin, which is isolated from Scutellariae Radix, has been shown to possess therapeutic potential for different diseases. Cardiac microvessel injury in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) has been extensively explored. However, there have been no studies investigating the physiological regulatory mechanisms of baicalin on nitric oxide production and the necroptosis of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in myocardial IR injury. This study was designed to investigate the contribution of baicalin to repressing necroptosis and preventing IR-mediated CMEC dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Indicators of ventricular structure and function were measured by an echocardiographic system. An MTT assay was performed to assess cell viability. Nitrite detection was performed to detect nitric oxide content, and cGMP content was determined using a commercially available cGMP complete ELISA kit. Morphology and molecular characteristics were detected by electron micrographs, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. RESULT Our results demonstrated that baicalin significantly improved cardiac function, decreased the myocardial infarction area, and inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis. Moreover, baicalin had a protective effect on cardiac microvessels and promoted the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the level of cGMP in rats that underwent myocardial IR injury. The results of the in vitro experiments showed that baicalin markedly improved cell activity and function in CMECs exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR). Further experiments indicated that baicalin supplementation suppressed the protein expression of RIP1, RIP3 and p-MLKL to interrupt CMEC necroptosis. In addition, baicalin promoted the production of NO via activating the PI3K-AKT-eNOS signaling pathway. Taken together, our results identified the PI3K-AKT-eNOS axis as a new pathway responsible for reperfusion-mediated microvascular damage. CONCLUSION Baicalin protected CMECs in IR rats by promoting the release of NO via the PI3K-AKT-eNOS pathway and mitigated necroptosis by inhibiting the protein expression of RIP1, RIP3 and p-MLKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing People's Hospital, 213 Jianshe Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing People's Hospital, 213 Jianshe Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Jiaxin Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing People's Hospital, 213 Jianshe Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Hongqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing People's Hospital, 213 Jianshe Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing People's Hospital, 213 Jianshe Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing People's Hospital, 213 Jianshe Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Yanru Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing People's Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
| | - Fude Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing People's Hospital, 213 Jianshe Road, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China.
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Xiao G, Lyu M, Wang Y, He S, Liu X, Ni J, Li L, Fan G, Han J, Gao X, Wang X, Zhu Y. Ginkgo Flavonol Glycosides or Ginkgolides Tend to Differentially Protect Myocardial or Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Regulation of TWEAK-Fn14 Signaling in Heart and Brain. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:735. [PMID: 31333457 PMCID: PMC6624656 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Shuxuening injection (SXNI), one of the pharmaceutical preparations of Ginkgo biloba extract, has significant effects on both ischemic stroke and heart diseases from bench to bedside. Its major active ingredients are ginkgo flavonol glycosides (GFGs) and ginkgolides (GGs). We have previously reported that SXNI as a whole protected ischemic brain and heart, but the active ingredients and their contribution to the therapeutic effects remain unclear. Therefore, we combined experimental and network analysis approach to further explore the specific effects and underlying mechanisms of GFGs and GGs of SXNI on ischemia–reperfusion injury in mouse brain and heart. In the myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) model, pretreatment with GFGs at 2.5 ml/kg was superior to the same dose of GGs in improving cardiac function and coronary blood flow and reducing the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum, with an effect similar to that achieved by SXNI. In contrast, pretreatment with GGs at 2.5 ml/kg reduced cerebral infarction area and cerebral edema similarly to that of SXNI but more significantly compared with GFGs in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) model. Network pharmacology analysis of GFGs and GGs revealed that tumor necrosis factor-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)–fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) signaling pathway as an important common mechanism but with differential targets in MIRI and CIRI. In addition, immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assays were performed to evaluate the regulatory roles of GFGs and GGs on the common TWEAK–Fn14 signaling pathway to protect the heart and brain. Experimental results confirmed that TWEAK ligand and Fn14 receptor were downregulated by GFGs to mitigate MIRI in the heart while upregulated by GGs to improve CIRI in the brain. In conclusion, our study showed that GFGs and GGs of SXNI tend to differentially protect brain and heart from ischemia–reperfusion injuries at least in part by regulating a common TWEAK–Fn14 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Xiao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Lyu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medicial Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yule Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; College of Biomedical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Zhao S, Li Z, Huang F, Wu J, Gui L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Peng S, Zhao M. Nano-scaled MTCA-KKV: for targeting thrombus, releasing pharmacophores, inhibiting thrombosis and dissolving blood clots in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:4817-4831. [PMID: 31308660 PMCID: PMC6614858 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s206294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro (1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxyl-Lys(Pro-Ala-Lys)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val (MTCA-KKV) adheres activated platelets, targets P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa. This led to the development of MTCA-KKV as thrombus targeting nano-medicine. METHODS MTCA-KKV was characterized by nano-feature, anti-thrombotic activity, thrombolytic activity, thrombus target and targeting release. RESULTS In vivo 0.01 μmol/kg of MTCA-KKV formed nano-particles less than 100 nm in diameter, targeted thrombus, released anti-thrombotic and thrombolytic pharmacophores, prevented thrombosis and dissolved blood clots. CONCLUSION Based on the profiles of targeting thrombus, targeting release, inhibiting thrombosis and dissolving blood clots MTCA-KKV is a promising nano-medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurui Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Gui
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing100069, People’s Republic of China
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Yu H, Kalogeris T, Korthuis RJ. Reactive species-induced microvascular dysfunction in ischemia/reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:182-197. [PMID: 30849489 PMCID: PMC6503659 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells line the inner surface of the entire cardiovascular system as a single layer and are involved in an impressive array of functions, ranging from the regulation of vascular tone in resistance arteries and arterioles, modulation of microvascular barrier function in capillaries and postcapillary venules, and control of proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes, which occur in all segments of the vascular tree but can be especially prominent in postcapillary venules. When tissues are subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the endothelium of resistance arteries and arterioles, capillaries, and postcapillary venules become dysfunctional, resulting in impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator and enhanced endothelium-dependent vasoconstrictor responses along with increased vulnerability to thrombus formation, enhanced fluid filtration and protein extravasation, and increased blood-to-interstitium trafficking of leukocytes in these functionally distinct segments of the microcirculation. The number of capillaries open to flow upon reperfusion also declines as a result of I/R, which impairs nutritive perfusion. All of these pathologic microvascular events involve the formation of reactive species (RS) derived from molecular oxygen and/or nitric oxide. In addition to these effects, I/R-induced RS activate NLRP3 inflammasomes, alter connexin/pannexin signaling, provoke mitochondrial fission, and cause release of microvesicles in endothelial cells, resulting in deranged function in arterioles, capillaries, and venules. It is now apparent that this microvascular dysfunction is an important determinant of the severity of injury sustained by parenchymal cells in ischemic tissues, as well as being predictive of clinical outcome after reperfusion therapy. On the other hand, RS production at signaling levels promotes ischemic angiogenesis, mediates flow-induced dilation in patients with coronary artery disease, and instigates the activation of cell survival programs by conditioning stimuli that render tissues resistant to the deleterious effects of prolonged I/R. These topics will be reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ted Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ronald J Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, 1 Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 134 Research Park Drive, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Voisin MB, Leoni G, Woodfin A, Loumagne L, Patel NS, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S, Thiemermann C, Perretti M, Nourshargh S. Neutrophil elastase plays a non-redundant role in remodeling the venular basement membrane and neutrophil diapedesis post-ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Pathol 2019; 248:88-102. [PMID: 30632166 PMCID: PMC6850085 DOI: 10.1002/path.5234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a severe inflammatory insult associated with numerous pathologies, such as myocardial infarction, stroke and acute kidney injury. I/R injury is characterized by a rapid influx of activated neutrophils secreting toxic free radical species and degrading enzymes that can irreversibly damage the tissue, thus impairing organ functions. Significant efforts have been invested in identifying therapeutic targets to suppress neutrophil recruitment and activation post‐I/R injury. In this context, pharmacological targeting of neutrophil elastase (NE) has shown promising anti‐inflammatory efficacy in a number of experimental and clinical settings of I/R injury and is considered a plausible clinical strategy for organ care. However, the mechanisms of action of NE, and hence its inhibitors, in this process are not fully understood. Here we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the impact of NE genetic deletion on neutrophil infiltration in four murine models of I/R injury as induced in the heart, kidneys, intestine and cremaster muscle. In all models, neutrophil migration into ischemic regions was significantly suppressed in NE−/− mice as compared with wild‐type controls. Analysis of inflamed cremaster muscle and mesenteric microvessels by intravital and confocal microscopy revealed a selective entrapment of neutrophils within venular walls, most notably at the level of the venular basement membrane (BM) following NE deletion/pharmacological blockade. This effect was associated with the suppression of NE‐mediated remodeling of the low matrix protein expressing regions within the venular BM used by transmigrating neutrophils as exit portals. Furthermore, whilst NE deficiency led to reduced neutrophil activation and vascular leakage, levels of monocytes and prohealing M2 macrophages were reduced in tissues of NE−/− mice subjected to I/R. Collectively our results identify a vital and non‐redundant role for NE in supporting neutrophil breaching of the venular BM post‐I/R injury but also suggest a protective role for NE in promoting tissue repair. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu-Benoit Voisin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Leoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Abigail Woodfin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Laure Loumagne
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nimesh Sa Patel
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mauro Perretti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Ouk T, Potey C, Maestrini I, Petrault M, Mendyk AM, Leys D, Bordet R, Gautier S. Neutrophils in tPA-induced hemorrhagic transformations: Main culprit, accomplice or innocent bystander? Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hao Y, Qi Z, Ding Y, Yu X, Pang L, Zhao T. Effect of Interventional Therapy on IL-1β, IL-6, and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Levels and Outcomes in Patients with Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:610-617. [PMID: 30664615 PMCID: PMC6350451 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study investigated the clinical effect of interventional therapy in ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICD). Material/Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 260 ICD patients who were divided into a control group (122 patients, conventional drug treatment) and an observation group (138 patients, interventional therapy plus conventional drug treatment). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and NLR. Furthermore, neurological deficit scores and Barthel index scores as well as the correlation of IL-1β, IL-6 and NLR were examined in these 2 groups. Results The expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and NLR significantly decreased in both groups after 1 week or 4 weeks of treatment compared with before treatment (P<0.05). Significant differences in neurological impairment scores were detected between these 2 groups after 4 weeks of treatment (P<0.05), and the control group showed higher neurological deficit scores than did the observation group (P<0.05). Barthel index scores were significantly higher after treatment than before treatment in the control and observation group (P<0.05), and the control group had lower Barthel index scores than did the observation group (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that IL-1β, IL-6, and NLR expression were positively correlated in ICD patients (P<0.05). Conclusions Interventional surgery combined with conventional drug therapy can reduce serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels, decrease neurological impairment, and improve the quality of life of patients. The combined treatment group showed better outcomes than did the group that received the drug alone; therefore, combined therapy is suitable for promoting better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongnan Hao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ziyou Qi
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangli Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Li Pang
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Teng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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Xie W, Zhou P, Sun Y, Meng X, Dai Z, Sun G, Sun X. Protective Effects and Target Network Analysis of Ginsenoside Rg1 in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury: A Comprehensive Overview of Experimental Studies. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120270. [PMID: 30545139 PMCID: PMC6316103 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion is a complicated pathological process. The injury and cascade reactions caused by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion are characterized by high mortality, high recurrence, and high disability. However, only a limited number of antithrombotic drugs, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-TPA), aspirin, and heparin, are currently available for ischemic stroke, and its safety concerns is inevitable which associated with reperfusion injury and hemorrhage. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore and examine some potential neuroprotective agents with treatment for cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury to reduce safety concerns caused by antithrombotic drugs in ischemic stroke. Ginseng Rg1 (G-Rg1) is a saponin composed of natural active ingredients and derived from the roots or stems of Panax notoginseng and ginseng in traditional Chinese medicine. Its pharmacological effects exert remarkable neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. To explore and summarize the protective effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, we conducted this review, in which we searched the PubMed database to obtain and organize studies concerning the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. This study provides a valuable reference and clues for the development of new agents to combat ischemic stroke. Our summarized review and analysis show that the pharmacological effects of and mechanisms underlying ginsenoside Rg1 activity against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury mainly involve 4 sets of mechanisms: anti-oxidant activity and associated apoptosis via the Akt, Nrf2/HO-1, PPARγ/HO-1, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways (or mitochondrial apoptosis pathway) and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC pathway; anti-inflammatory and immune stimulatory-related activities that involve apoptosis or necrosis via MAPK pathways (the JNK1/2 + ERK1/2 and PPARγ/HO-1 pathways), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), high mobility group protein1 (HMGB1)-induced TLR2/4/9 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) pathways, and the activation of NF-κB; neurological cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration via the MAPK pathways (JNK1/2 + ERK1/2, PI3K-Akt/mTOR, PKB/Akt and HIF-1α/VEGF pathways); and energy metabolism and the regulation of cellular ATP levels, the blood-brain barrier and other effects via N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, ERS, and AMP/AMPK-GLUT pathways. Collectively, these mechanisms result in significant neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemic injury. These findings will be valuable in that they should further promote the development of candidate drugs and provide more information to support the application of previous findings in stroke clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yifan Sun
- Institute of Medical Information, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Xiangbao Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ziru Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100193, China.
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chen H, Chen X, Luo Y, Shen J. Potential molecular targets of peroxynitrite in mediating blood–brain barrier damage and haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1220-1239. [PMID: 30468092 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, the People’s Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
- The 8th People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, the Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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Tao A, Xu X, Kvietys P, Kao R, Martin C, Rui T. Experimental diabetes mellitus exacerbates ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial injury by promoting mitochondrial fission: Role of down-regulation of myocardial Sirt1 and subsequent Akt/Drp1 interaction. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 105:94-103. [PMID: 30381241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a negative impact on clinical outcomes for patients with myocardial infarction. The aim of the present study was to assess whether decreased myocardial levels of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) contribute to the increased susceptibility of the diabetic myocardium to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In vivo, myocardial levels of Sirt1 expression and activity were decreased in mice with STZ-induced DM. Increasing Sirt1 activity prevented the DM-induced exacerbation of myocardial mitochondrial fission, apoptosis and dysfunction elicited by I/R. In vitro, anoxia/reoxygenation (A/R) challenge of cardiomyocytes (CM) that were preconditioned with high glucose (HG-CM) resulted in an exacerbation of the A/R-induced mitochondrial fission, oxidant production and CM apoptosis; effects reversed by increasing Sirt1 protein/activity. Inhibition of Drp1 prevented the exacerbated CM mitochondrial fission and oxidant production after A/R challenge of HG-CM. Decreased Sirt1 in HG-CM was associated with decreased Akt phosphorylation. Inhibition of Akt had no effect on CM Sirt1 levels, but further increased Drp1 activation. Increasing Sirt1 levels prevented the decrease in Akt phosphorylation and Drp1 activation in A/R challenged HG-CM. In conclusion: our data indicate that the increased vulnerability of the diabetic myocardium to I/R-induced apoptosis/dysfunction is attributable, in part, to decreased myocardial Sirt1 activity which leads to a decrease in Akt activation, an increase in Drp1 activity, culminating in excessive mitochondrial fission and ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibin Tao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Xuemei Xu
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Critical Care Western, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Kvietys
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raymond Kao
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Critical Care Western, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Claudio Martin
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Critical Care Western, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tao Rui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Critical Care Western, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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40
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Zhou H, Li D, Zhu P, Ma Q, Toan S, Wang J, Hu S, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Inhibitory effect of melatonin on necroptosis via repressing the Ripk3-PGAM5-CypD-mPTP pathway attenuates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12503. [PMID: 29770487 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The molecular features of necroptosis in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury have been extensively explored. However, there have been no studies investigating the physiological regulatory mechanisms of melatonin acting on necroptosis in cardiac IR injury. This study was designed to determine the role of necroptosis in microvascular IR injury, and investigate the contribution of melatonin in repressing necroptosis and preventing IR-mediated endothelial system collapse. Our results demonstrated that Ripk3 was primarily activated by IR injury and consequently aggravated endothelial necroptosis, microvessel barrier dysfunction, capillary hyperpermeability, the inflammation response, microcirculatory vasospasms, and microvascular perfusion defects. However, administration of melatonin prevented Ripk3 activation and provided a pro-survival advantage for the endothelial system in the context of cardiac IR injury, similar to the results obtained via genetic ablation of Ripk3. Functional investigations clearly illustrated that activated Ripk3 upregulated PGAM5 expression, and the latter increased CypD phosphorylation, which obligated endothelial cells to undergo necroptosis via augmenting mPTP (mitochondrial permeability transition pore) opening. Interestingly, melatonin supplementation suppressed mPTP opening and interrupted endothelial necroptosis via blocking the Ripk3-PGAM5-CypD signal pathways. Taken together, our studies identified the Ripk3-PGAM5-CypD-mPTP axis as a new pathway responsible for reperfusion-mediated microvascular damage via initiating endothelial necroptosis. In contrast, melatonin treatment inhibited the Ripk3-PGAM5-CypD-mPTP cascade and thus reduced cellular necroptosis, conferring a protective advantage to the endothelial system in IR stress. These findings establish a new paradigm in microvascular IR injury and update the concept for cell death management handled by melatonin under the burden of reperfusion attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunying Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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41
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Abstract
The no-reflow phenomenon refers to the observation that when an organ is made ischemic by occlusion of a large artery supplying it, restoration of patency in that artery does not restore perfusion to the microvasculature supplying the parenchyma of that organ. This has been observed after prolonged arterial occlusions in the heart (30–90 min), brain, skin, and kidney. In experimental models, zones of no reflow in the heart are characterized by ultrastructural microvascular damage, including focal endothelial swelling obstructing the lumen of small vessels. Blood elements such as neutrophil plugs, platelets, and stacking of erythrocytes have also been implicated. No reflow is associated with poor healing of the myocardial infarction. In patients, no reflow is associated with a poor clinical outcome independent of infarct size, suggesting that therapy for no reflow may be an important approach to improving outcome for ST elevation myocardial infarction. No reflow occurs after reperfusion of experimental cerebral ischemia and may be observed after only 5-min episodes of ischemia. Aggregation of blood elements may play a greater role than in cardiac no reflow. No reflow in the brain may involve cortical spreading depression with disturbed local vascular control and high, vasculotonic levels of extracellular K+ concentration, postischemic swelling in endothelial cells and abutting end feet of pericytes, pericyte contraction and death, interstitial edema with collapse of cerebral capillaries, and inflammatory reaction. New guidelines suggesting that reperfusion for stroke may be considered as late as 24 h after the onset of symptoms suggest that clinicians may be seeing more no reflow in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Kloner
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin S. King
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California
| | - Michael G. Harrington
- Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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42
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Heptapeptide-based modification leading to enhancing the action of MTCA on activated platelets, P-selectin, GPIIb/IIIa. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1957-1970. [PMID: 29973078 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The modification of platelet inhibitor to enhance its targeting capacity toward platelets is of clinical importance. Thus, (1R, 3S)-1-methyl-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (MTCA), a platelet inhibitor, was modified with Lys(Pro-Ala-Lys)-Arg-Gly-Asp-Val (KKV), platelet targeting peptide, to form MTCA-KKV. MATERIALS & METHODS MTCA and MTCA-KKV were synthesized to identify the effect of KKV modification on MTCA and platelets. RESULTS Atomic force microscopy imaged MTCA-KKV effectively accumulated on activated platelets. UV spectra showed that MTCA-KKV concentration dependently changed P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa conformations. For platelet aggregation, the IC50 of MTCA-KKV was approximately 1/10 folds of MTCA. CONCLUSION KKV modification led to forming MTCA-KKV that is superior to MTCA in terms of accumulating on activated platelets, targeting P-selectin and GPIIb/IIIa and inhibiting platelet aggregation. MTCA-KKV could be a promising lead for further investigation.
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43
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Chen H, Lu A, Zhang X, Gui L, Wang Y, Wu J, Feng H, Peng S, Zhao M. Design and development of ICCA as a dual inhibitor of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin receptors. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:2097-2110. [PMID: 30022809 PMCID: PMC6042529 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s169238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of upregulation of platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP)IIb/IIIa and P-selectin on the onset of arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, and cancer encourages to hypothesize that dual inhibitor of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin receptors should simultaneously inhibit arterial thrombosis, block venous thrombosis, and slow tumor growth. METHODS For this reason, the structural characteristics and the CDOCKER interaction energies of 12 carbolines were analyzed. This led to the design of 1-(4-isopropyl-phenyl)-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (ICCA) as a promising inhibitor of GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin receptors. RESULTS The synthetic route provided ICCA in 48% total yield and 99.6% high-performance liquid chromatography purity. In vivo 5 μmol/kg oral ICCA downregulated GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin expression thereby inhibited arterial thrombosis, blocked venous thrombosis, and slowed down tumor growth, but did not damage the kidney and the liver. CONCLUSION Therefore, ICCA could be a promising candidate capable of downregulating GPIIb/IIIa and P-selectin receptors, inhibiting arterial thrombosis, blocking venous thrombosis, and slowing down tumor growth.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemical synthesis
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Carbolines/chemical synthesis
- Carbolines/chemistry
- Carbolines/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Doxorubicin/chemical synthesis
- Doxorubicin/chemistry
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Design
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Structure
- Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- P-Selectin/antagonists & inhibitors
- P-Selectin/metabolism
- Platelet Aggregation/drug effects
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/chemistry
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Chen
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - An Lu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Lin Gui
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Yaonan Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Hua Feng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China, ;
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ;
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44
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Ndrepepa G, Colleran R, Kastrati A. No-reflow after percutaneous coronary intervention: a correlate of poor outcome in both persistent and transient forms. EUROINTERVENTION 2018; 14:139-141. [PMID: 29937427 DOI: 10.4244/eijv14i2a21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gjin Ndrepepa
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
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45
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Shvedova M, Anfinogenova Y, Popov SV, Atochin DN. Connexins and Nitric Oxide Inside and Outside Mitochondria: Significance for Cardiac Protection and Adaptation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:479. [PMID: 29867537 PMCID: PMC5964197 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Irreversible myocardial damage happens in the presence of prolonged and severe ischemia. Several phenomena protect the heart against myocardial infarction and other adverse outcomes of ischemia and reperfusion (IR), namely: hibernation related to stunned myocardium, ischemic preconditioning (IPC), ischemic post-conditioning, and their pharmacological surrogates. Ischemic preconditioning consists in the induction of a brief IR to reduce damage of the tissue caused by prolonged and severe ischemia. Nitric oxide (NO) signaling plays an essential role in IPC. Nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate cyclase/cyclic guanosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase type I-signaling pathway protects against the IR injury during myocardial infarction. Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive and Ca2+-activated K+ channels are involved in NO-mediated signaling in IPC. Independently of the cGMP-mediated induction of NO production, S-nitrosation represents a regulatory molecular mechanism similar to phosphorylation and is essential for IPC. Unlike conditioning phenomena, the mechanistic basis of myocardial stunning and hibernation remains poorly understood. In this review article, we hypothesize that the disruption of electrical syncytium of the myocardium may underly myocardial stunning and hibernation. Considering that the connexins are the building blocks of gap junctions which represent primary structural basis of electrical syncytium, we discuss data on the involvement of connexins into myocardial conditioning, stunning, and hibernation. We also show how NO-mediated signaling is involved in myocardial stunning and hibernation. Connexins represent an essential element of adaptation phenomena of the heart at the level of both the cardio- myocytes and the mitochondria. Nitric oxide targets mitochondrial connexins which may affect electrical syncytium continuum in the heart. Mitochondrial connexins may play an essential role in NO-dependent mechanisms of myocardial adaptation to ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shvedova
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,RASA Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,RASA Center, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
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46
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Hentia C, Rizzato A, Camporesi E, Yang Z, Muntean DM, Săndesc D, Bosco G. An overview of protective strategies against ischemia/reperfusion injury: The role of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e00959. [PMID: 29761012 PMCID: PMC5943756 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, has been recognized as the most frequent causes of devastating disorders and death currently. Protective effect of various preconditioning stimuli, including hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), has been proposed in the management of I/R. METHODS In this study, we searched and reviewed up-to-date published papers to explore the pathophysiology of I/R injury and to understand the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of HBO as conditioning strategy. RESULTS Animal study and clinic observation support the notion that HBO therapy and conditioning provide beneficial effect against the deleterious effects of postischemic reperfusion. Several explanations have been proposed. The first likely mechanism may be that HBO counteracts hypoxia and reduces I/R injury by improving oxygen delivery to an area with diminished blood flow. Secondly, by reducing hypoxia-ischemia, HBO reduces all the pathological events as a consequence of hypoxia, including tissue edema, increased affective area permeability, postischemia derangement of tissue metabolism, and inflammation. Thirdly, HBO may directly affect cell apoptosis, signal transduction, and gene expression in those that are sensitive to oxygen or hypoxia. HBO provides a reservoir of oxygen at cellular level not only carried by blood, but also by diffusion from the interstitial tissue where it reaches high concentration that may last for several hours, improves endothelial function and rheology, and decreases local inflammation and edema. CONCLUSION Evidence suggests the benefits of HBO when used as a preconditioning stimulus in the setting of I/R injury. Translating the beneficial effects of HBO into current practice requires, as for the "conditioning strategies", a thorough consideration of risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications that could interfere with HBO-related protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Hentia
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy.,Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Alex Rizzato
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | | | - Zhongjin Yang
- The Institute for Human Performance SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse NY USA
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania.,Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Dorel Săndesc
- Faculty of Medicine "Victor Babeș" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara Romania
| | - Gerardo Bosco
- Master II level in Hyperbaric Medicine Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova Padova Italy
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