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Santos RPC, Toscano ECDB, Rachid MA. Anti-inflammatory strategies for hepatic encephalopathy: preclinical studies. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2023. [PMID: 37487550 PMCID: PMC10371400 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1767819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a potentially reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome. Often, HE causes cognitive and motor dysfunctions due to an acute or chronic insufficiency of the liver or a shunting between the hepatic portal vein and systemic vasculature. Liver damage induces peripheral changes, such as in the metabolism and peripheral inflammatory responses that trigger exacerbated neuroinflammation. In experimental models, anti-inflammatory strategies have demonstrated neuroprotective effects, leading to a reduction in HE-related cognitive and motor impairments. In this scenario, a growing body of evidence has shown that peripheral and central nervous system inflammation are promising preclinical targets. In this review, we performed an overview of FDA-approved drugs and natural compounds which are used in the treatment of other neurological and nonneurological diseases that have played a neuroprotective role in experimental HE, at least in part, through anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Despite the exciting results from animal models, the available data should be critically interpreted, highlighting the importance of translating the findings for clinical essays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Pinto Coelho Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cristina de Brito Toscano
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório Integrado de Pesquisa em Patologia, Juiz de Fora MG, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Juiz e Fora, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Juiz de Fora MG, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Belo Horizonte MG, Brazil
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2
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Tahamtan M, Aghaei I, Shabani M, Nazari A, Pooladvand V, Razavinasab M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ doesn't modify altered electrophysiological properties of the CA1 pyramidal neurons in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2687-2697. [PMID: 35943675 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the low quality of life due to the cognitive complications in the patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC), the goal of this study was to examine the possible neuroprotective effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on the electrophysiological alterations of hippocampus, a major area of cognition, in the experimental model of bile duct ligation (BDL). We used adult male Wistar rats in the present study to perform BDL or sham surgery. Pioglitazone was administered in BDL rats two weeks after the surgery for the next continuous four weeks. The effects of pioglitazone on BDL-induced electrophysiological alterations of the CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus were evaluated by whole-cell patch clamp recordings. Our findings demonstrated that chronic administration of PIO could not reverse the electrophysiological changes in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus in BDL rats but could improve the hepatic dysfunction.Together, the results of this study suggest that PIO administration cannot counteract altered intrinsic properties of the hippocampal neurons which has been shown recently as an involved mechanism of the cognitive impairments in hepatic encephalopathy (HE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Tahamtan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Iraj Aghaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Abbas Nazari
- Department of Biology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Pooladvand
- Biochemical Department, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Moazamehosadat Razavinasab
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 76198-13159, Kerman, Iran.
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3
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Liu SY, Huang CC, Huang SF, Liao TL, Kuo NR, Yang YY, Li TH, Liu CW, Hou MC, Lin HC. Pioglitazone Ameliorates Acute Endotoxemia-Induced Acute on Chronic Renal Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Ascitic Rats. Cells 2021; 10:3044. [PMID: 34831270 PMCID: PMC8616474 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia-activated tumor necrosis factor (TNFα)/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signals result in acute on chronic inflammation-driven renal dysfunction in advanced cirrhosis. Systemic activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) with pioglitazone can suppress inflammation-related splanchnic and pulmonary dysfunction in cirrhosis. This study explored the mechanism and effects of pioglitazone treatment on the abovementioned renal dysfunction in cirrhotic rats. Cirrhotic ascitic rats were induced with renal dysfunction by bile duct ligation (BDL). Then, 2 weeks of pioglitazone treatment (Pio, PPAR gamma agonist, 12 mg/kg/day, using the azert osmotic pump) was administered from the 6th week after BDL. Additionally, acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111:B4; Sigma, 0.1 mg/kg b.w, i.p. dissolved in NaCl 0.9%) was used to induce acute renal dysfunction. Subsequently, various circulating, renal arterial and renal tissue pathogenic markers were measured. Cirrhotic BDL rats are characterized by decreased mean arterial pressure, increased cardiac output and portal venous pressure, reduced renal arterial blood flow (RABF), increased renal vascular resistance (RVR), increased relative renal weight/hydroxyproline, downregulated renal PPARγ expression, upregulated renal inflammatory markers (TNFα, NFκB, IL-6, MCP-1), increased adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), increased renal macrophages (M1, CD68), and progressive renal dysfunction (increasing serum and urinary levels of renal injury markers (lipocalin-2 and IL-18)). In particular, acute LPS administration induces acute on chronic renal dysfunction (increasing serum BUN/creatinine, increasing RVR and decreasing RABF) by increased TNFα-NFκB-mediated renal inflammatory markers as well as renal M1 macrophage infiltration. In comparison with the BDL+LPS group, chronic pioglitazone pre-treatment prevented LPS-induced renal pathogenic changes in the BDL-Pio+LPS group. Activation of systemic, renal vessel and renal tissue levels of PPARγ by chronic pioglitazone treatment has beneficial effects on the endotoxemia-related TNFα/NFκB-mediated acute and chronic renal inflammation in cirrhosis. This study revealed that normalization of renal and renal arterial levels of PPARγ effectively prevented LPS-induced acute and chronic renal dysfunction in cirrhotic ascitic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office (MIRO), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (N.-R.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Chia-Chang Huang
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office (MIRO), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (N.-R.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Shiang-Fen Huang
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Tsai-Ling Liao
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 11217, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Rong Kuo
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office (MIRO), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (N.-R.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Innovation and Research Office (MIRO), Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (C.-C.H.); (N.-R.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Tzu-Hao Li
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Foundation, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Liu
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (S.-F.H.); (M.-C.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (T.-L.L.); (T.-H.L.); (C.-W.L.)
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Molaei P, Vaseghi S, Entezari M, Hashemi M, Nasehi M. The Effect of NeuroAid (MLC901) on Cholestasis-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment with Respect to the Expression of BAX, BCL-2, BAD, PGC-1α and TFAM Genes in the Hippocampus of Male Wistar Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2154-2166. [PMID: 34031842 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cholestasis is a bile flow reduction that is induced following Bile Duct Ligation (BDL). Cholestasis impairs memory and induces apoptosis. Apoptosis consists of two pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic pathway is modulated by BCL-2 (B cell lymphoma-2) family proteins. BCL-2 (a pro-survival BCL-2 protein) has anti-apoptotic effect, while BAD (BCL-2-associated death) and BAX (BCL-2-associated X), the other members of BCL-2 family have pro-apoptotic effect. Furthermore, TFAM (mitochondrial transcriptional factor A) is involved in transcription and maintenance of mitochondrial DNA and PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α) is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. On the other hand, NeuroAid is a Traditional Chinese Medicine with neuroprotective and anti-apoptosis effects. In this study, we evaluated the effect of cholestasis on spatial memory and expression of BCL-2, BAD, BAX, TFAM, and PGC-1α in the hippocampus of rats. Additionally, we assessed the effect of NeuroAid on cholestasis-induced cognitive and genetic alterations. Cholestasis was induced by BDL surgery and NeuroAid was injected intraperitoneal at the dose of 0.4 mg/kg. Furthermore, spatial memory was evaluated using Morris Water Maze (MWM) apparatus. The results showed cholestasis impaired spatial memory, increased the expression of BAD and BAX, decreased the expression of TFAM and PGC-1α, and did not alter the expression of BCL-2. Also, NeuroAid decreased the expression of BAD and BAX and increased the expression of TFAM, PGC-1α, and BCL-2. In conclusion, cholestasis impaired spatial memory and increased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Also, cholestasis decreased the expression of TFAM and PGC-1α. Interestingly, NeuroAid restored the effects of cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Molaei
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box: 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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Meftahi GH, Bayat M, Zarifkar AH, Akbari S, Borhani Haghighi A, Naseh M, Yousefi Nejad A, Haghani M. Treatment with edaravone improves the structure and functional changes in the hippocampus after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rat. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:122-130. [PMID: 34116172 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to find out cellular and electrophysiological effects of the edaravone (EDR) administration following induction of vascular dementia (VaD) via bilateral-carotid vessel occlusion (2VO). The rats were randomly divided into control, sham, 2VO + V (vehicle), and 2VO + EDR groups. EDR was administered once a day from day 0-28 after surgery. The passive-avoidance, Morris water-maze, and open-field tests were used for evaluation of memory, locomotor, and anxiety. The field-potential recording was used for assessment of electrophysiological properties of the hippocampus; and after sacrificing, the cerebral hemispheres were removed for stereological study and evaluation of MDA levels. The long-term potentiation (LTP), paired-pulse ratio (PPR), and input-output (I/O) curves were evaluated as indexes for long-term and short-term synaptic plasticity, and basal-synaptic transmission (BST), respectively. The 2VO led to increases in MDA level with considerable neuronal loss and decreases in the volume of the hippocampus, along with a reduction in the BST and LTP induction which was associated with a decrement in PPR and ultimate loss in memory with higher anxiety behavior. However, administration of EDR caused a decline in MDA and prevented the neural loss and volume of the hippocampus, rescued BST and LTP depression, improved memory and anxiety without any effects on PPR. Therefore, most likely through the improvement of MDA level, and the hippocampal cell number and volume, EDR leads to recovery of synaptic plasticity and behavioral performance. Because of the LTP rescue, without recovery of PPR, it is likely that the EDR improved LTP through the post-synaptic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Hossein Meftahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Bayat
- Clinical Neurology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Zarifkar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Somaye Akbari
- Department of Physiology, the Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Maryam Naseh
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Yousefi Nejad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Kazeroon, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Khorasani A, Abbasnejad M, Esmaeili-Mahani S. Phytohormone abscisic acid ameliorates cognitive impairments in streptozotocin-induced rat model of Alzheimer's disease through PPARβ/δ and PKA signaling. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:1053-1065. [PMID: 31215291 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1634067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Aim: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and progressive cognitive decline. Abscisic acid (ABA) is produced in a variety of mammalian tissues, including brain. It has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and elicits a positive effect on spatial learning and memory performance. Here, the possible protective effect of ABA was evaluated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced AD rat model which were injected intracerebroventriculary (i.c.v.) with STZ (3 mg/kg). Material and Methods: The STZ-treated animals received ABA (10 μg/rat, i.c.v.), ABA plus PPARβ/δ receptor antagonist (GSK0660, 80 nM/rat) or ABA plus selective inhibitor of PKA (KT5720, 0.5 μg/rat) for 14 d. Learning and memory were determined using Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests. Results: The data showed that STZ produced a significant learning and memory deficit in both MWM and PA tests. ABA significantly prevented the learning and memory impairment in STZ-treated rats. However, ABA effects were blocked by GSK0660 and KT5720. Conclusion: The data indicated that ABA attenuates STZ-induced learning and memory impairment and PPAR-β/δ receptors and PKA signaling are involved, at least in part, in the ABA mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khorasani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Mehdi Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | - Saeed Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman , Kerman , Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center (KNRC), Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
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Golshani M, Basiri M, Shabani M, Aghaei I, Asadi-Shekaari M. Effects of erythropoietin on bile duct ligation-induced neuro-inflammation in male rats. AIMS Neurosci 2019; 6:43-53. [PMID: 32341967 PMCID: PMC7179341 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2019.2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a brain disorder as a result of liver failure. Previous studies have indicated that erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective effects in different neurological diseases. This study addressed the therapeutic effect of a four-week treatment with EPO on neuronal damages in bile duct-ligated rats. Forty male Wistar rats (250-280 g) were used in the present study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups consisting of 10 animals each, including sham, sham + EPO, bile duct ligation (BDL), and BDL + EPO. EPO was intraperitoneally administered every other day (5,000 U/Kg) in the last four weeks after BDL. Biochemical and histological studies were performed to evaluate neurodegeneration. The results revealed that BDL increases the level of hepatic enzymes and total bilirubin. Furthermore, neurodegeneration was significantly increased in the BDL group compared to sham groups. EPO preserved hepatic enzymes and total bilirubin in the treated group. In addition, EPO significantly decreased the neurodegeneration in BDL + EPO compared to the BDL group. Results of this study showed that EPO has neuroprotective effects in the rat model of HE, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Complementary studies are required to clarify the exact mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moazameh Golshani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Aghaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Modulation of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor by FTY720 contributes in improvement of hepatic encephalopathy induced by bile duct ligation. Brain Res Bull 2019; 146:253-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Liu XJ, Zhang CE, Yu XH, Liu RX, Qin XM, Jia JD, Ma ZJ. Serum metabonomics characterization of liver fibrosis induced by bile duct-ligated in rats and the intervention effects of herb compound 861. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2019.1574815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Cong-En Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xia Liu
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Dong Jia
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis
| | - Zhi-Jie Ma
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Liver Cirrhosis
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10
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Aghaei I, Hajali V, Haghani M, Vaziri Z, Moosazadeh M, Shabani M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation attenuates harmaline-induced cognitive impairments in rats. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 59:276-283. [PMID: 30472346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and motor disturbances are serious concerns of the tremors induced by motor disorders. Despite the lack of effective clinical treatment, some potential therapeutic agents have been used to alleviate the cognitive symptoms in the animal models of tremor. Recent studies have shown that PPAR-γ agonists have neuroprotective effects. In the current study, the effects of pioglitazone (PIO), a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonist, on harmaline-induced motor and cognitive impairment were studied. Male Wistar rats were divided into vehicle (normal saline), PIO (20 mg/kg i.p.), harmaline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and PIO + harmaline (PIO injected 2 h before harmaline) groups. Open field, rotarod, wire grip, foot print and Morris water maze tests were used to evaluate the motor and cognitive performance. The results indicated that administration of PIO attenuated harmaline-induced locomotor, anxiety-like behaviors, and spatial learning and memory impairments, but it partially decreased the tremor score. The neuroprotective and anxiolytic effects of PIO demonstrated in the current study can offer the PPAR-γ receptor agonism as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of patients with tremor that manifest mental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Aghaei
- Department of Neuroscience, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vahid Hajali
- Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of Physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Vaziri
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahmmod Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Intracellular Recording Lab, Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman
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Bashiri H, Hosseini-Chegeni H, Alsadat Sharifi K, Sahebgharani M, Salari AA. Activation of TRPV1 receptors affects memory function and hippocampal TRPV1 and CREB mRNA expression in a rat model of biliary cirrhosis. Neurol Res 2018; 40:938-947. [PMID: 30079821 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2018.1504158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Memory impairment induced by biliary cirrhosis is associated with abnormalities in the function of different neurotransmitter systems. However, the exact molecular mechanisms involved in the learning and memory dysfunctions following biliary cirrhosis is largely unknown. This study set out to determine whether activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus in rats improve memory impairment induced by biliary cirrhosis. METHODS To assess learning and memory, passive avoidance task was carried out using a shuttle box. The mRNA expression of TRPV1 and cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein in the hippocampus were also evaluated by qT-PCR. RESULTS Our results indicated that activation of TRPV1 channels by capsaicin significantly decreased memory impairment and increased mRNA expression of the TRPV1 and CREB in the hippocampus of rats with biliary cirrhosis. Our findings also demonstrated that a positive correlation existed between mRNA expression of TRPV1 and CREB, and between memory function and TRPV1 expression. DISCUSSION Taken together, the results of this study support the view that TRPV1 receptor may play an important role in the regulation of learning and memory functions, and suggest that activation of TRPV1 channels seems to be a promising therapeutic target for learning and memory impairments following biliary cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Bashiri
- a Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology , Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medical, Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran
| | | | - Khadijeh Alsadat Sharifi
- c Department of Neuroscience , School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mousa Sahebgharani
- d Department of Pharmacology , School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- e Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
- f Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD) , Alborz , Iran
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Brenneman DE, Petkanas D, Kinney WA. Pharmacological Comparisons Between Cannabidiol and KLS-13019. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 66:121-134. [PMID: 30109468 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) exhibits neuroprotective properties in many experimental systems. However, development of CBD as a drug has been confounded by the following: (1) low potency; (2) a large number of molecular targets; (3) marginal pharmacokinetic properties; and (4) designation as a schedule 1 controlled substance. The present work compared the properties of CBD with a novel molecule (KLS-13019) that has structural similarities to CBD. The design strategy for KLS-13019 was to increase hydrophilicity while optimizing neuroprotective potency against oxidative stress toxicity relevant to hepatic encephalopathy. The protective responses of CBD and KLS-13019 were compared in dissociated rat hippocampal cultures co-treated with toxic levels of ethanol and ammonium acetate. This comparison revealed that KLS-13019 was 31-fold more potent than CBD in preventing neuronal toxicity from the combined toxin treatment, while both compounds exhibited complete protective efficacy back to control values. In addition, treatment with KLS-13019 alone was 5-fold less toxic (TC50) than CBD. Previous studies suggested that CBD targeted the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in mitochondria (mNCX) to regulate intracellular calcium levels, an important determinant of neuronal survival. After treatment with an inhibitor of mNCX (CGP-37157), no detectable neuroprotection from ethanol toxicity was observed for either CBD or KLS-13019. Furthermore, AM630 (CB2 antagonist) significantly attenuated CBD-mediated neuroprotection, while having no detectable effect on neuroprotection from KLS-13019. Our studies indicated KLS-13019 was more potent and less toxic than CBD. Both compounds can act through mNCX. KLS-13019 may provide an alternative to CBD as a therapeutic candidate to treat diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E Brenneman
- Advanced Neural Dynamics, Inc, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
- Kannalife Sciences, Inc, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - Dean Petkanas
- Kannalife Sciences, Inc, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - William A Kinney
- Kannalife Sciences, Inc, Pennsylvania Biotechnology Center, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
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Dhanda S, Gupta S, Halder A, Sunkaria A, Sandhir R. Systemic inflammation without gliosis mediates cognitive deficits through impaired BDNF expression in bile duct ligation model of hepatic encephalopathy. Brain Behav Immun 2018. [PMID: 29518527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease per se induces neuroinflammation that contributes to cognitive deficits in hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the processes by which pro-inflammatory molecules result in cognitive impairment still remains unclear. In the present study, a significant increase in the activity of liver function enzymes viz. alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was observed along with increase in plasma ammonia levels after four weeks of bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats suggesting hepatocellular damage. A significant increase was observed in mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in brain regions and liver of BDL rats. Concomitantly, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 protein levels were also increased in brain regions, liver and serum of BDL rats suggesting the involvement of blood-brain-axis in inflammatory response. However, a significant decrease was observed in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) expression at transcriptional and translation level in brain of BDL rats. Immunohistochemical and flowcytometric analysis revealed reduced number of GFAP-immunopositive astrocytes and Iba1-immunopositive microglia in the brain regions of BDL rats. Further, a significant decline was observed in cognitive functions in BDL rats assessed using Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. Expression of pro and mature form of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its upstream transcription element showed significant reduction in brain of BDL rats. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that systemic inflammation and reduced expression of BDNF and its upstream transcription factor plays a key role in cognitive decline in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Smriti Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Avishek Halder
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Sciences Block-II, Sector-25, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Herbal compound 861 prevents hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad/SnoN pathway in bile duct-ligated rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:52. [PMID: 29402324 PMCID: PMC5800072 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to evaluate the effects of herbal compound 861 (Cpd861) on ski-related novel protein N (SnoN) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) /Smad signaling in rats with bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis, and to explore the mechanisms of Cpd861 on hepatic fibrosis. METHODS Thirty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation, BDL, and Cpd861. To induce hepatic fibrosis, BDL and Cpd861 group rats underwent bile duct ligation. Cpd861 at 9 g/kg/d or an equal volume of normal saline was administered intragastrically for 28 days. Liver injury was assessed biochemically and histologically. Protein and mRNA changes for SnoN and TGF-β1/Smad signaling (TGF-β1, Smad2, phosphorylated Smad2 [p-Smad2], phosphorylated Smad3 [p-Smad3], fibronectin, and collagen III) were determined by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS BDL rats treated with Cpd861 had significantly alleviated hepatic fibrosis compared to BDL rats not receiving Cpd861 treatment. Moreover, Cpd861 decreased the expression of fibrosis-associated proteins fibronectin and collagen III in liver tissue. Cpd861 administration increased the expression of SnoN protein, did not change SnoN mRNA level, and decreased TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 protein expression compared to BDL without Cpd861 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cpd861 attenuates hepatic fibrosis by increasing SnoN protein expression and inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Hou F, Liu R, Liu X, Cui L, Yu X, Wen Y, Ding H, Yin C. Arkadia protein expression is reduced in the liver during the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1315-1322. [PMID: 29286088 PMCID: PMC5819942 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arkadia is able to degrade key signaling molecules in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 signaling pathway; however, the expression of Arkadia in the liver during development and progression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling-regulated hepatic fibrosis remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to examine Arkadia expression in the livers of two rat models of hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and carbon tetrachloride intoxication, and in human liver samples from patients with hepatic fibrosis. Expression was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The results indicated that Arkadia was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. The protein expression levels of Arkadia were significantly decreased in fibrotic livers, whereas the mRNA expression levels of Arkadia were significantly increased in fibrotic livers compared with in nonfibrotic livers. In conclusion, these data indicated that Arkadia may regulate the pathogenesis and progression of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hou
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Cui
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozheng Yu
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Huiguo Ding
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
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Nazeri M, Ebrahimi A, Aghaei I, Ghotbi Ravandi S, Shabani M. Psychological stress has a higher rate of developing addictive behaviors compared to physical stress in rat offspring. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:903-913. [PMID: 28900372 PMCID: PMC5579401 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress could have great influence on development of offspring and might alter cognitive function and other physiological processes of children. The current study was conducted to study the effect of physical or psychological prenatal stress on addictive and anxiety-like behavior of male and female offspring during their adolescence period (postnatal day (PND) 40). Adult female rats were exposed to physical (swimming) or psychological (observing another female rat swimming) stress from day six of gestation for 10 days. Male and female offspring were assayed for anxiety-like behavior, motor and balance function and morphine conditioned place preference using the open field, elevated plus maze (EPM), rotarod and wire grip assay and conditioned place preference. Offspring in both physical and psychological prenatal stress groups demonstrated significant increase in anxiety-like behavior in EPM paradigm, but no alterations were observed in motor and balance function of animals. Offspring in the psychological prenatal stress group had an increased preference for morphine in comparison to control and physical prenatal stress groups. Results of the current study demonstrated that animals exposed to psychological stress during fetal development are at a higher risk of developing addictive behaviors. Further research might elucidate the exact mechanisms involved to provide better preventive and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Nazeri
- Department of Oral Medicine and Chronic Headache and Facial Pain Clinic, School of Dentistry, Kerman, IranUniversity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Arezoo Ebrahimi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iraj Aghaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ghotbi Ravandi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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17
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Tahamtan M, Aghaei I, Pooladvand V, Sheibani V, Khaksari M, Shabani M. Characterization of the CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat model of hepatic cirrhosis: insights into their electrophysiological properties. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:881-889. [PMID: 28265840 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9966-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the key contributors of altering neurological function in hepatic encephalopathy are relatively well known, the electrophysiological mechanism of CA1 damage, a key vulnerable area during hyperammonemia, have not yet been defined. Therefore, here we focus on the electrophysiological mechanisms of cognitive impairments following bile duct ligation (BDL). We performed patch-clamp recordings from the CA1 pyramidal neurons in hippocampus of male Wistar rats, which underwent sham or BDL surgery. A striking electrophysiological change of hippocampal neurons in experimental model of BDL was observed in the present study. Spontaneous firing frequency and rate of action potential (AP) rebound was decreased and afterhyperpolarization amplitude (AHP) was increased significantly in hippocampal cells of BDL animals compared to sham group. Together, the results suggest that altered intrinsic properties of the hippocampal neurons may contribute to the cognitive abnormalities during hepatic encephalopathy (HE), highlighting the electrophysiological mechanisms for providing new treatments against HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Tahamtan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76198-13159, Iran
| | - Iraj Aghaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Vahid Pooladvand
- Biochemical Department, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76198-13159, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, 76198-13159, Iran.
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Nitric oxide pathway presumably does not contribute to antianxiety and memory retrieval effects of losartan. Behav Pharmacol 2017; 28:420-427. [PMID: 28541956 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and angiotensin (AT) receptors have demonstrated well-established interactions in various physiological phenomena. AT1 receptors can play a part in stress-induced activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; also, angiotensinergic neurotransmission plays a pivotal role in stress-evoked physiological responses. On the basis of the stress-modulating characteristics of NO, AT1, and AT2 receptors, the present study evaluated the roles of NO and AT1 receptors in the attenuation of stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors after administration of losartan, an AT1 antagonist. Male Wistar rats were exposed to the communication stress box, using a novel method to induce physical or emotional stress, and losartan (10 mg/kg), losartan+L-NG-nitroargininemethyl ester (L-NAME), L-NAME (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg), and normal saline-treated groups were compared. Losartan had reduced behavioral changes induced by both types of stressor and enhanced memory retrieval. Anxiety-like behaviors were significantly attenuated by administration of losartan, to a greater extent in the emotional rather than physical stress group. None of the injected dosages of L-NAME reversed the antianxiety and memory retrieval effects of losartan. Our results indicate that losartan probably improves memory retrieval and lessens anxiety-like behaviors through mechanisms other than the NO pathway.
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Aghaei I, Saeedi Saravi SS, Ghotbi Ravandi S, Nozari M, Roudbari A, Dalili A, Shabani M, Dehpour AR. Evaluation of prepulse inhibition and memory impairments at early stage of cirrhosis may be considered as a diagnostic index for minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:87-94. [PMID: 28119160 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), which represents the early stage of this condition, is not clinically apparent and is prevalent in up to 80% of patients. The poor outcomes of MHE encouraged us to identify more simple methods for early diagnosis of MHE. To this purpose, we evaluated the contemporary manifestations of motor, cognitive and sensorimotor gaiting deficits following bile duct-ligation (BDL). Male Wistar rats were undergone BDL to induce cirrhosis and locomotor, spatial learning and memory and sensorimotor gating were assessed 2, 3, and 4weeks after the operation by rotarod, Morris water-maze and prepulse inhibition (PPI) tests. PPI was examined 6weeks after BDL until appearance of hepatic encephalopathy. Results showed that although PPI was significantly enhanced in the 6-week BDL animals, locomotor activity reduced in 4-week BDL rats compared to the BDL rats after a 2-week period. The total distance travelled and swimming time to reach the platform increased in the 4-week BDL rats and, in contrast, the percentage of time spent and space travelled in correct quadrant decreased. Moreover, memory index decreased in the 3-week BDL group compared to sham-operated group. It was observed an increase in global PPI in 3- and 4-week BDL animals in comparison with either 2-week BDL or sham-operated rats. Consequently, it is indicated that BDL animals manifest spatial learning and memory deficits and PPI disruption in early stage of HE and evaluation of these factors can be considered as indices for simple and early diagnosis of MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Aghaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ghotbi Ravandi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Department of Physiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Roudbari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Afshin Dalili
- Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mahmoudvand H, Ziaali N, Aghaei I, Sheibani V, Shojaee S, Keshavarz H, Shabani M. The possible association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk of anxiety and cognitive disorders in BALB/c mice. Pathog Glob Health 2016; 109:369-76. [PMID: 26924347 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2015.1117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are conflicting reports concerning the association of Toxoplasma gondii infection with increased risk of mental disorders. This investigation will provide a good understanding about defining the possible association between T. gondii exposure and risk of anxiety and cognitive alterations. Besides, a secondary objective of this study was to determine the effect of pioglitazone administration on the possible alterations induced by T. gondii exposure. Male BALB/c mice were used for this study. The animal model of Toxoplasma infection was established by the intraperitoneal inoculation of 20-25 tissue cysts from Tehran strain of T. gondii. Pioglitazone (20 mg/kg, i.p.1/day) was administered to the animals for 2 weeks before behavioural tests. Behavioural tests including open-field, elevated plus-maze and passive avoidance learning were evaluated in the groups. Since cytokines were implicated as a contributing factor for mood disorders, the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) were examined by real-time PCR. Findings demonstrated that T. gondii caused anxiety-like symptoms and impaired cognitive functions of the infected BALB/c mice, whereas pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, showed a promising effect against the cognitive impairments induced by Toxoplasma infection. The results also revealed that the mRNA levels of the aforementioned cytokines were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the infected mice compared to the uninfected BALB/c ones. Pioglitazone can be offered as a potential neuroprotective agent in the treatment of patients with T. gondii infection that manifests anxiety and cognitive impairments; however, further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mahmoudvand
- 1 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences , Khorramabad, Iran
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Nazeri M, Shabani M, Parsania S, Golchin L, Razavinasab M, Abareghi F, Kermani M. Simultaneous impairment of passive avoidance learning and nociception in rats following chronic swim stress. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:93. [PMID: 27308265 PMCID: PMC4908791 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.183141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Stress can alter response to nociception. Under certain circumstances stress enhances nociception, a phenomenon which is called stress-induced hyperalgesia (SIH). While nociception has been studied in this paradigm, possible alterations occurring in passive avoidance (PA) learning after exposing rats to this type of stress has not been studied before. Materials and Methods: In the current study, we evaluated the effect of chronic swim stress (FS) or sham swim (SS) on nociception in both spinal (tail-flick) and supraspinal (53.5°C hot-pate) levels. Furthermore, PA task was performed to see whether chronic swim stress changes PA learning or not. Mobility of rats and anxiety-like behavior were assessed using open-field test (OFT). Results: Supraspinal pain response was altered by swim stress (hot-plate test). PA learning was impaired by swim stress, rats in SS group did not show such impairments. Rats in the FS group showed increased mobility (rearing, velocity, total distant moved (TDM) and decreased anxiety-like behavior (time spent in center and grooming) compared to SS rats. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the simultaneous impairment of PA and nociception under chronic swim stress, whether this is simply a co-occurrence or not is of special interest. This finding may implicate a possible role for limbic structures, though this hypothesis should be studied by experimental lesions in different areas of rat brain to assess their possible role in the pathophysiology of SIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Nazeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Medical Students Research Committee, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahrnaz Parsania
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Leila Golchin
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Abareghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Students Research Committee, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Moein Kermani
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical Students Research Committee, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Hou F, Liu R, Liu X, Cui L, Wen Y, Yan S, Yin C. Attenuation of liver fibrosis by herbal compound 861 via upregulation of BMP-7/Smad signaling in the bile duct ligation model rat. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4335-42. [PMID: 27035233 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal compound 861 (Cpd 861) exerts an anti-fibrotic effect in patients with hepatic fibrosis; however, the anti-fibrotic mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to explore the mechanistic basis for the anti-fibrotic effect, with a focus on bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7)/Smad signaling in a bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis rat model. Following the induction of hepatic fibrosis, rats induced by BDL were treated with 9 g/kg Cpd 861 daily or an equal volume of saline for 28 days. Serum samples were prepared for monitoring the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin analyses and liver samples were used to investigate gene expression, protein localization and protein expression analysis using real‑time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The results revealed the attenuation of liver fibrosis by Cpd 861 in the histological and biochemical experiments. BMP‑7 and phospho (p)‑Smad1/5/8 were localized predominantly in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. In comparison with the saline‑treated BDL rats, Cpd 861 markedly upregulated the gene expression of BMP‑7 and Smad5, as well as the protein expression of BMP‑7 and Smad1/5. In addition, p-Smad1/5/8 protein expression was markedly increased by Cpd 861 in the BDL model. These results indicated that Cpd 861 alleviates hepatic fibrosis possibly via the upregulation and activation of BMP-7/Smad signaling in hepatic fibrotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hou
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Cui
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wen
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Songbiao Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100026, P.R. China
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Infection, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Aghaei I, Hajali V, Dehpour A, Haghani M, Sheibani V, Shabani M. Alterations in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of Purkinje neurons in a rat model of hepatic encephalopathy: Relative preventing effect of PPARγ agonist. Brain Res Bull 2016; 121:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zandevakili T, Fatemi SJ, Shabani M, Esmaeilpour K, Sheibani V. Evaluating the effects of single and combined chelators therapies on spatial learning and memory impairments in chronic manganese poisoning. TOXIN REV 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/15569543.2016.1141788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Oladi M, Nohtani M, Avan A, Mirhafez SR, Tajbakhsh A, Ghasemi F, Asadi A, Elahdadi Salmani M, Mohammadi A, Hoseinzadeh L, Ferns GA, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Impact of the C1431T Polymorphism of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR-γ) Gene on Fasted Serum Lipid Levels in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015; 66:149-154. [PMID: 25896411 DOI: 10.1159/000381358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The C1431T polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene is related to diabetes and metabolic-syndrome. However, studies have been inconclusive about its association with coronary artery disease (CAD) and there have been no studies analyzing the association of this polymorphism with fasted-serum-lipid levels in Iranian-individuals with CAD. We investigated the association of PPAR-γ C1431T-polymorphism with CAD and dyslipidaemia in 787 individuals. METHODS Anthropometric-parameters and biochemical-measurements were evaluated, followed by genotyping. The association of the genetic-polymorphisms with CAD and lipid-profile was determined by univariate/multivariate-analyses. RESULTS Patients with CT or CT+TT genotype were at an increased-risk of CAD relative to CC-carriers (adjusted odds ratio: 2.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.09; p = 0.046). However, in the larger population, CT genotype was present at a higher frequency in the group with a positive angiogram. Furthermore, CT+TT genotypes were associated with an altered fasted-lipid-profile in the initial population sample of patients with a positive angiogram, compared to the group with a negative-angiogram. The angiogram-positive patients carrying the T allele had a significantly higher triglyceride, serum C-reactive protein and fasting-blood-glucose. CONCLUSION We have found the PPAR-γ C1431T polymorphism was significantly associated with fasted serum lipid profile in individuals with angiographically defined CAD. Since accumulating data support the role of PPAR-γ polymorphisms in CAD, further studies are required to investigate the association of this polymorphism with coronary artery disease.
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The therapeutic potential of berberine against the altered intrinsic properties of the CA1 neurons induced by Aβ neurotoxicity. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 758:82-8. [PMID: 25861937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
It was demonstrated that treatment with beta amyloid (Aβ) led to extreme alterations in the intrinsic electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons. Also, malfunction of the cholinergic system is correlated to the memory and cognitive impairments. Several new studies have suggested that Berberis vulgaris can act as a cholinesterase inhibitor. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of berberine (BER) on the Aβ-induced impairments in learning and memory. The male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups of Sham, BER, Aβ and Aβ+BER. The administration of BER or its vehicle started immediately after the injection of Aβ and followed by 13 days. Then, the animals were tested for learning and memory performance using the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance tests. Then, they were sacrificed for the whole cell patch clamp recording. The results of the MWM and passive avoidance tasks indicated that administration of the BER in the Aβ+BER group prevented the memory impairment induced by Aβ. The results of the whole cell patch clamp also showed that administration of the BER restored the Aβ-induced impairments in the firing frequency, half-width and rebound action potential. These results suggested that administration of the BER could ameliorate neurotoxicity induced by Aβ. However, this neuroprotection impact could be resulted from the balance effect of the Ca(2+) entry. The optimal level of Ca(2+) entry by BER could be a major factor that modified the function of the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels and decreased the half-width in the Aβ treated rats.
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Psychological or physical prenatal stress differentially affects cognition behaviors. Physiol Behav 2015; 142:155-60. [PMID: 25668515 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal stress is proposed as a major risk factor in the development of cognitive impairments in the offspring. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of prenatal physical or psychological stress on the motor and cognitive functions of male and female offspring. METHODS Adult female rats were stressed during their conception using a novel method to induced whether physical or psychological stress. Animal offspring were then kept until adulthood. Elevated plus maze (EPM) was used to evaluate their anxiety-like behavior. Rotarod and wire grip were used to evaluate muscle strength and balance function. Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) learning and memory paradigm were used to evaluate the cognitive function of the offspring. RESULTS Female offspring of both physical and psychological stress had an increased anxiety-like behavior in the EPM test in comparison to female control rats. Balance function was impaired in physical stressed female offspring in comparison to the control and male offspring. Muscle strength was reduced in physical male and female offspring. Both male and female offspring groups that underwent prenatal physical and psychological stress had an impaired spatial learning and memory. PA learning and memory were impaired in both male and female offspring except for the psychological stress female offspring in PA learning. CONCLUSION Results of our study revealed that prenatal physical or psychological stress have different effects on motor and cognitive functions of the offspring. Male and female offspring were differentially affected by prenatal stress. We suggest more studies to evaluate the role of sex hormones on the effects of prenatal physical or psychological stress on cognitive and motor functions of the offspring.
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Aghaei I, Nazeri M, Shabani M, Mossavinasab M, Mirhosseini FK, Nayebpour M, Dalili A. Erythropoietin ameliorates the motor and cognitive function impairments in a rat model of hepatic cirrhosis. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:197-204. [PMID: 25115607 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious consequence of hepatic cirrhosis (HC). Previous studies have demonstrated cognitive impairments in both clinical and animal experiments of HC. Some potential therapeutic agents have been used to alleviate the cognitive symptoms in the animal models of HC. In the current study, the possible effect of erythropoietin (ERY) as a potent neuroprotective agent on motor and cognitive impairments induced by HC has been studied. Male Wistar rats (180-200 g) underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham surgery. Administration of ERY (5,000 IU/kg, i.p., daily for three days) was initiated 2 weeks after surgery and lasted for the next 28 days. Open field, rotarod, Morris water maze and passive avoidance learning was used to evaluate the motor and cognitive function of the animals. ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. BDL rats had an increased level of hepatic enzymes and bilirubin. Impairment of balance function by BDL was reversed by ERY. Spatial and passive avoidance learning impairments observed in BDL rats were also reversed by chronic administration of ERY. ERY can be offered as a potential neuroprotective agent in the treatment of patients with HC that manifest mental dysfunctions. Though further studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms, the neuroprotective properties of ERY against BDL impairments were demonstrated in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Aghaei
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Dhanda S, Sandhir R. Role of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmitters in behavioral alterations observed in rodent model of hepatic encephalopathy. Behav Brain Res 2015; 286:222-35. [PMID: 25639545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the role of biogenic amines in behavioral alterations observed in rat model of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) following bile duct ligation (BDL). Male Wistar rats subjected to BDL developed biliary fibrosis after four weeks which was supported by altered liver function tests, increased ammonia levels and histological staining (Sirius red). Animals were assessed for their behavioral performance in terms of cognitive, anxiety and motor functions. The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) were estimated in different regions of brain viz. cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum using HPLC along with activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO). Cognitive assessment of BDL rats revealed a progressive decline in learning, memory formation, retrieval, exploration of novel environment and spontaneous locomotor activity along with decrease in 5-HT and NE levels. This was accompanied by an increase in MAO activity. Motor functions of BDL rats were also altered which were evident from decrease in the time spent on the rotating rod and higher foot faults assessed using narrow beam walk task. A global decrease was observed in the DA content along with an increase in MAO activity. Histopathological studies using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and cresyl violet exhibited marked neuronal degeneration, wherein neurons appeared more pyknotic, condensed and damaged. The results reveal that dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways are disturbed in chronic liver failure post-BDL which may be responsible for behavioral impairments observed in HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dhanda
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Esmaeili Tazangi P, Moosavi SMS, Shabani M, Haghani M. Erythropoietin improves synaptic plasticity and memory deficits by decrease of the neurotransmitter release probability in the rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 130:15-21. [PMID: 25553822 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies indicate erythropoietin (Epo) to have remarkable neuroprotection in various central nervous system disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid beta (Aβ) is believed to be responsible for the synaptic dysfunction that occurs in AD. Therefore, the present study is aimed to investigate the effects of Epo on the Aβ-induced impairments in learning-memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were used in this study. After the injection of Aβ, they were injected intra-peritoneal with Epo in the Aβ+Epo group or its vehicle in the Aβ+V group every other day for 12 days. A shuttle box apparatus was used for the passive avoidance learning and memory study. Moreover, paired-pulse ratio (PPR) was monitored before and after tetanic stimulation. RESULTS Bilateral injection of Aβ decreased step-through latency (STL), whereas the 12 day administration of Epo significantly improved memory performance in Aβ+Epo group. The field potential recording demonstrated that the in vivo administration of Aβ25-35 led to extreme inhibition in long-term potentiation, this inhibition was accompanied by a significant increase of the normalized PPR (PPR after HFS/PPR before HFS) as an index for release probability. However, administration of Epo recovers the magnitude of the LTP and the extent of normalized PPR. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that the injection of Aβ25-35 resulted in impaired LTP and the memory process, which is likely mediated through increasing the release probability of neurotransmitter vesicles. In addition, treatment with Epo improved the Aβ-induced deficits in memory and LTP induction, probably via recovering the release probability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Centre, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Masoud Haghani
- Department of physiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Histomorphometry and Stereology Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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