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Ergul Erkec O, Yunusoglu O, Huyut Z. Evaluation of repeated ghrelin administration on seizures, oxidative stress and neurochemical parameters in pentyleneterazole induced kindling in rats. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:420-428. [PMID: 35903909 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2107516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Epileptic seizures are thought to be caused by the impaired balance between excitatory (glutamate) and inhibitor [gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)] neurotransmitters in the brain. Neuropeptides have potent modulator properties on these neurotransmitters.Objective: Ghrelin exerts anticonvulsant effects in an acute pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) model. However, the effect of repeated ghrelin injections in chronic pentylenetetrazole kindling model is not known. In this study, the effects of repeated ghrelin administration on seizure scores, working memory, locomotor activity, oxidative biomarkers, and neurochemical parameters in PTZ kindling in rats was examined.Methods: For this purpose, 35 mg/kg of PTZ was administered intraperitoneally to the experimental groups. The rats also received physiological saline/diazepam or ghrelin before each PTZ injection. After behavioural analysis (Y-maze, rotarod, and locomotor activity tests), biochemical and neurochemical analyses were conducted using ELISA.Results: PTZ administration induced progression in the seizure scores and all of the rats in the PS + PTZ group were kindled with the 20th injection. Ghrelin treatment significantly reduced the seizure scores. The difference among the groups in terms of the Y-maze, locomotor activity, and rotarod tests was nonsignificant. PTZ administration significantly decreased the brain GABA, CAT, and AChE levels, and increased the MDA, NO, and protein carbonyl levels. Repeated ghrelin treatment ameliorated the GABA, AChE, CAT, MDA, NO, and protein carbonyl levels.Conclusion: Taken together, the results indicated that repeated ghrelin treatment had antioxidant, and anticonvulsant activity on PTZ kindling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ergul Erkec
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Oruc Yunusoglu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Zubeyir Huyut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Garodia P, Hegde M, Kunnumakkara AB, Aggarwal BB. Curcumin, inflammation, and neurological disorders: How are they linked? Integr Med Res 2023; 12:100968. [PMID: 37664456 PMCID: PMC10469086 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2023.100968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the extensive research in recent years, the current treatment modalities for neurological disorders are suboptimal. Curcumin, a polyphenol found in Curcuma genus, has been shown to mitigate the pathophysiology and clinical sequalae involved in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Methods We searched PubMed database for relevant publications on curcumin and its uses in treating neurological diseases. We also reviewed relevant clinical trials which appeared on searching PubMed database using 'Curcumin and clinical trials'. Results This review details the pleiotropic immunomodulatory functions and neuroprotective properties of curcumin, its derivatives and formulations in various preclinical and clinical investigations. The effects of curcumin on neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brain tumors, epilepsy, Huntington's disorder (HD), ischemia, Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a major focus on associated signalling pathways have been thoroughly discussed. Conclusion This review demonstrates curcumin can suppress spinal neuroinflammation by modulating diverse astroglia mediated cascades, ensuring the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
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Nascimento CP, Ferreira LO, da Silva ALM, da Silva ABN, Rodrigues JCM, Teixeira LL, Azevedo JEC, de Araujo DB, Hamoy AO, Gonçalves BH, Coelho BHDO, Lopes DCF, Hamoy M. A Combination of Curcuma longa and Diazepam Attenuates Seizures and Subsequent Hippocampal Neurodegeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:884813. [PMID: 35774084 PMCID: PMC9237424 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.884813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, which occurs due to the instability in the inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmissions in the brain. However, many patients develop resistance to the available drugs, which results in cell degeneration caused due to inadequate control of the seizures. Curcumin, Curcuma longa, is known to be effective for the treatment of organic disorders and may prevent seizures, reduce oxidative stress, and decrease brain damage. Given this, the present study evaluated the antiepileptic effects of C. longa in comparison with both the diazepam and the combined application of these two substances, in terms of their effects on the brain activity and the potential histopathological changes in the hippocampus. This study used male Wistar rats (age: 10–12 weeks; weight: 260 ± 20 g), which were pretreated for 4 days with either saline, C. longa, diazepam, or C. longa + diazepam; and on the fifth day, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was administered to induce the seizure. In the C. longa group, a significant increase was observed in the latency of the onset of seizure-related behavior. Surprisingly, however, the combined treatment resulted in the best control of the seizure-related behavior, with the greatest latency of the onset of spasms and isolated clonic seizures. This group also obtained the best results in the electroencephalographic trace and seizure control, with a reduction in the frequency and amplitude of the spike-waves. In the saline group, PTZ significantly reduced the number of cells present in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, while the combined treatment obtained the best results in terms of the preservation of the neuron-like cells. These findings indicate that C. longa may contribute to the control of both seizures and the cell damage induced by PTZ, and that its association with diazepam may be a potentially effective option for the treatment of epilepsy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirlene Pinheiro Nascimento
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Luan Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Alex Luiz Menezes da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Nardelli da Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Joao Cleiton Martins Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Leonan Lima Teixeira
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Julianne Elba Cunha Azevedo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Daniella Bastos de Araujo
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Akira Otake Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Holanda Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Brenda Hosana De Oliveira Coelho
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Dielly Catrina Favacho Lopes,
| | - Moisés Hamoy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Products, Institute Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Moisés Hamoy,
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Guo Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Tao T. Nanomaterials for fluorescent detection of curcumin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120359. [PMID: 34530202 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the attractive biological and pharmacological activities, sensitive and selective detection of curcumin is of great significance. Nanomaterials possessing unique optical properties exhibit potential applications in the fluorescent detection of curcumin. This review first discussed the detection strategies of fluorescent nanosensors. In the subsequent section, we highlighted the recent advances of different nanomaterials for fluorescent detection of curcumin, including semiconductor QDs, lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles, fluorescent metal nanoclusters, and carbon quantum dots. And we further provided the merits of fluorescent nanosensors for curcumin. Lastly, the challenges and further directions were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Guo
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Chao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yijia Zhang
- Changwang School of Honors, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Tao Tao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Cheng Y, Zeng X, Mai Q, Bai X, Jiang Y, Li J, Fan S, Ding H. Insulin injections inhibits PTZ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neurological deficits via the SIRT1/PGC-1α/SIRT3 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166124. [PMID: 33727197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
With an associated 20% death risk, epilepsy mainly involves seizures of an unpredictable and recurrent nature. This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of insulin on mitochondrial disruption, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and neurological deficits after epilepsy seizures. Mice were exposed to repetitive injections of pentylenetetrazol at a dose of 37 mg per kg. The influence of insulin was assessed by many biochemical assays, histopathological studies and neurobehavioral experiments. The administration of insulin was proven to increase the latency of seizures while also decreasing their intensity. It also caused a reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorated oxidative stress. Additionally, insulin pretreatment upregulated Bcl-2, downregulated Bax, and then played a neuroprotective role against hippocampal neuron apoptosis. Furthermore, when insulin was administered, SIRT1/PGC-1α/SIRT3 signals were activated, possibly due to the fact that insulin's neuroprotective and anti-mitochondrial damage characteristics added to its observed antiepileptic functions. Finally, insulin treatment is thus extremely valuable for effecting improvements in neurological functions, as has been estimated in a series of functional tests. In conclude, the results of this study consequently demonstrate insulin to have significant potential for future application in epilepsy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianting Mai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Curcumin: A Review of Its Effects on Epilepsy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1291:363-373. [PMID: 34331701 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-56153-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases pose an enormous healthcare burden, at both an individual and a societal level. Epilepsy has now become one of the most prevalent CNS disorders. Pharmaceutical drugs prescribed for epilepsy often have serious side effects and, for this reason, attention has turned to the use of medicinal plants. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a major component of Curcuma longa and exhibits various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory properties. Here, we have reviewed the literature relating specifically to the antiepileptic effects of curcumin. The evidence suggests a protective effect of curcumin in the control of epileptic seizures, together with a protective effect on the relief of memory impairment, which may stem from its influence on monoamine levels in the brain.
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Antioxidants Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Promising Neuroprotectants for Epilepsy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6687185. [PMID: 33299529 PMCID: PMC7710440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6687185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cell and are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Oxidative damage to mitochondria results in disrupted mitochondrial function and cell death signaling, finally triggering diverse pathologies such as epilepsy, a common neurological disease characterized with aberrant electrical brain activity. Antioxidants are considered as promising neuroprotective strategies for epileptic condition via combating the deleterious effects of excessive ROS production in mitochondria. In this review, we provide a brief discussion of the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and evidences that support neuroprotective roles of antioxidants targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, polyphenols, vitamins, thiols, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators in epilepsy. We point out these antioxidative compounds as effectively protective approaches for improving prognosis. In addition, we specially propose that these antioxidants exert neuroprotection against epileptic impairment possibly by modulating cell death interactions, notably autophagy-apoptosis, and autophagy-ferroptosis crosstalk.
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Impact of Natural Compounds on Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Preclinical to Pharmacotherapeutics. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041061. [PMID: 32276438 PMCID: PMC7231062 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the major neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), are a huge socioeconomic burden. Over many centuries, people have sought a cure for NDDs from the natural herbals. Many medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are reported with the ability to alleviate the symptoms of NDDs. The major mechanisms identified, through which phytochemicals exert their neuroprotective effects and potential maintenance of neurological health in ageing, include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiapoptotic, acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibition and neurotrophic activities. This article reviews the mechanisms of action of some of the major herbal products with potential in the treatment of NDDs according to their molecular targets, as well as their regional sources (Asia, America and Africa). A number of studies demonstrated the beneficial properties of plant extracts or their bioactive compounds against NDDs. Herbal products may potentially offer new treatment options for patients with NDDs, which is a cheaper and culturally suitable alternative to conventional therapies for millions of people in the world with age-related NDDs.
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Rational design of ultra-small photoluminescent copper nano-dots loaded PLGA micro-vessels for targeted co-delivery of natural piperine molecules for the treatment for epilepsy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 205:111805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Transcriptional activation of antioxidant gene expression by Nrf2 protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death associated with acute and chronic neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113247. [PMID: 32061629 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are both a primary source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a sensitive target of oxidative stress; damage to mitochondria can result in bioenergetic dysfunction and both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. These relationships between mitochondria and cell death are particularly strong in both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. ROS levels are affected by both the production of superoxide and its toxic metabolites and by antioxidant defense mechanisms. Mitochondrial antioxidant activities include superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, and intramitochondrial glutathione. When intracellular conditions disrupt the homeostatic balance between ROS production and detoxification, a net increase in ROS and an oxidized shift in cellular redox state ensues. Cells respond to this imbalance by increasing the expression of genes that code for proteins that protect against oxidative stress and inhibit cytotoxic oxidation of proteins, DNA, and lipids. If, however, the genomic response to mitochondrial oxidative stress is insufficient to maintain homeostasis, mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction and release of pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins into the cytosol initiate a variety of cell death pathways, ultimately resulting in potentially lethal damage to vital organs, including the brain. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a translational activating protein that enters the nucleus in response to oxidative stress, resulting in increased expression of numerous cytoprotective genes, including genes coding for mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial antioxidant proteins. Many experimental and some FDA-approved drugs promote this process. Since mitochondria are targets of ROS, it follows that protection against mitochondrial oxidative stress by the Nrf2 pathway of gene expression contributes to neuroprotection by these drugs. This document reviews the evidence that Nrf2 activation increases mitochondrial antioxidants, thereby protecting mitochondria from dysfunction and protecting neural cells from damage and death. New experimental results are provided demonstrating that post-ischemic administration of the Nrf2 activator sulforaphane protects against hippocampal neuronal death and neurologic injury in a clinically-relevant animal model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation.
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Chen X, Bao G, Liu F. Inhibition of USP15 Prevent Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Damage by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in HT22 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:999-1010. [PMID: 31933062 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been identified as the significant mediator in epilepsy, which is a chronic disorder in central nervous system. About 30% of epilepsy patients are refractory to antiepileptic drug treatment. However, the underlying mechanism of oxidative damage in epilepsy needs further investigation. In our study, we first find that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 15 (USP15) expression was upregulated in a pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindled rat model of epilepsy. Silencing USP15 protected against glutamate-mediated neuronal cell death, and inhibited the high expression levels of cleaved caspase-3. Knockout of USP15 significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in HT22 cells under the exposure to glutamate treatment. Furthermore, USP15 inhibition induced nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and promoted protein expression level of heme oxygenase (HO-1). Taken together, our findings first reveal a role of USP15 in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and silencing USP15 in vitro protects against glutamate-mediated cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of USP15 may alleviate epileptic seizures via fighting against oxidative damage, providing a novel antiepileptic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201999, China
| | - Guanshui Bao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201999, China.
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201999, China
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Curcumin protects purkinje neurons, ameliorates motor function and reduces cerebellar atrophy in rat model of cerebellar ataxia induced by 3-AP. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 102:101706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Francis HM, Stevenson RJ. Potential for diet to prevent and remediate cognitive deficits in neurological disorders. Nutr Rev 2019; 76:204-217. [PMID: 29346658 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of many neurological disorders involves oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. There is now substantial evidence that diet can decrease these forms of pathophysiology, and an emerging body of literature relatedly suggests that diet can also prevent or even remediate the cognitive deficits observed in neurological disorders that exhibit such pathology (eg, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, age-related cognitive decline, epilepsy). The current review summarizes the emerging evidence in relation to whole diets prominent in the scientific literature-ketogenic, caloric restriction, high polyphenol, and Mediterranean diets-and provides a discussion of the possible underlying neurophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Francis
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J Stevenson
- Psychology Department, Faculty of Human Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
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Kumar V, Prakash C, Singh R, Sharma D. Curcumin's antiepileptic effect, and alterations in Na v1.1 and Na v1.6 expression in iron-induced epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2018; 150:7-16. [PMID: 30605865 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate: the antiepileptic effect of dietary curcumin, and the effect of epileptic state and curcumin on the molecular expression of voltage-activated Na+ channel subtypes Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 in the iron-induced experimental epilepsy in the rat. Rats were divided into four groups; Group I (control rats), Group II (epileptic rats), Group III (curcumin-fed epileptic rats), and Group IV (curcumin-fed rats). Curcumin was fed chronically to rats approximately at the dose of 100 mg/kg body wt. The animals were made epileptic by intracortical injection of FeCl3. The mRNA and protein expressions of Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 were examined by RT-PCR analysis and immuno-histochemistry. Results showed a significant increase (upregulation) in the expression of both Nav1.1 and Nav1.6 with seizure activity in the cortex and hippocampus of epileptic rats. Epileptic rats fed with curcumin showed a marked decrease in epileptiform activity, and reduced mRNA and protein levels of Nav1.1. It appears that the antiepileptic action of curcumin may be associated with the downregulation of Nav1.1 in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Chandra Prakash
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rameshwar Singh
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Neurobiology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Iqubal A, Sharma S, Sharma K, Bhavsar A, Hussain I, Iqubal MK, Kumar R. Intranasally administered pitavastatin ameliorates pentylenetetrazol-induced neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and cognitive dysfunction. Life Sci 2018; 211:172-181. [PMID: 30227132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of intranasally administered pitavastatin in the PTZ-induced kindling model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subconvulsant dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p) was administered on an alternate day until the development of kindling. Behavioural test, biochemical tests and inflammatory cytokines were estimated. Comparative molecular docking study of sodium valproate (VPA) and pitavastatin was performed to predict the binding affinity with GABAA and GABA transaminase. Intranasally administered pitavastatin (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg) and VPA (200 mg/kg) were used to investigate its protective effect. KEY FINDINGS Comparative in-silico study showed docking score of -4.56 and -2.86 against GABAA receptor whereas -5.56 and -1.86, against GABA transaminase. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.39A and 0.55A was found for pitavastatin and VPA, respectively. The present study showed the dose-dependent protective effect of intranasally administered pitavastatin and oral VPA against PTZ-induced seizure, cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that the intranasally administered pitavastatin is potential therapeutic approach to managing PTZ-induced kindling and associated comorbid conditions via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticonvulsant potential. Further, pitavastatin can modulate GABAA receptor and GABA transaminase enzyme to ameliorate seizure. Meanwhile, more extensive studies are required to establish the molecular mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of pitavastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ashish Bhavsar
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, RGPV, Bhopal MP-462036, India
| | - Ibrahim Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Ratendra Kumar
- Om Bioscience and Pharma College, Roorkee-Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249405, India.
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16
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Mansoor SR, Hashemian M, Khalili-Fomeshi M, Ashrafpour M, Moghadamnia AA, Ghasemi-Kasman M. Upregulation of klotho and erythropoietin contributes to the neuroprotection induced by curcumin-loaded nanoparticles in experimental model of chronic epilepsy. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:281-288. [PMID: 30130550 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Klotho, which is a life extension factor, and erythropoietin (EPO) have been introduced as effective neuroprotective factors in several neurological disorders. The present study is an attempt to examine the potential role of klotho and EPO in therapeutic effect of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling model. In order to induce the kindling model, PTZ was administrated intraperitoneally (i.p.) at dose of 36.5 mg/kg every other day for 20 days. Male NMRI mice received pre-treatment of free curcumin or curcumin-loaded NPs (12.5 mg/kg, i.p.) 10 days before PTZ injection and this was continued until 1 h before each PTZ injection. Immunostaining against NeuN, as a marker of neuronal maturation, and EPO was performed on hippocampal brain sections. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was conducted to assess the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), klotho and EPO in the hippocampus. Immunostaining data indicated that treatment with curcumin-loaded NPs significantly alleviates the neuronal cell death in PTZ receiving animals. Curcumin-loaded NPs effectively upregulated the levels of EPO and klotho in PTZ receiving animals. Furthermore, mRNA level of TNF-α was considerably reduced in animals undergone curcumin-loaded NPs treatment. Overall, the results of this study suggest that downregulation of TNF-α and consequent upregulation of klotho and EPO might contribute to the neuroprotective effect of curcumin-loaded NPs in experimental model of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona Hashemian
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Manouchehr Ashrafpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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17
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Drion CM, van Scheppingen J, Arena A, Geijtenbeek KW, Kooijman L, van Vliet EA, Aronica E, Gorter JA. Effects of rapamycin and curcumin on inflammation and oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo - in search of potential anti-epileptogenic strategies for temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:212. [PMID: 30037344 PMCID: PMC6056921 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies in various rodent epilepsy models have suggested that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with rapamycin has anti-epileptogenic potential. Since treatment with rapamycin produces unwanted side effects, there is growing interest to study alternatives to rapamycin as anti-epileptogenic drugs. Therefore, we investigated curcumin, the main component of the natural spice turmeric. Curcumin is known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects and has been reported to inhibit the mTOR pathway. These properties make it a potential anti-epileptogenic compound and an alternative for rapamycin. Methods To study the anti-epileptogenic potential of curcumin compared to rapamycin, we first studied the effects of both compounds on mTOR activation, inflammation, and oxidative stress in vitro, using cell cultures of human fetal astrocytes and the neuronal cell line SH-SY5Y. Next, we investigated the effects of rapamycin and intracerebrally applied curcumin on status epilepticus (SE)—induced inflammation and oxidative stress in hippocampal tissue, during early stages of epileptogenesis in the post-electrical SE rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Results Rapamycin, but not curcumin, suppressed mTOR activation in cultured astrocytes. Instead, curcumin suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that curcumin, but not rapamycin, reduced the levels of inflammatory markers IL-6 and COX-2 in cultured astrocytes that were challenged with IL-1β. In SH-SY5Y cells, curcumin reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, suggesting anti-oxidant effects. In the post-SE rat model, however, treatment with rapamycin or curcumin did not suppress the expression of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers 1 week after SE. Conclusions These results indicate anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of curcumin, but not rapamycin, in vitro. Intracerebrally applied curcumin modified the MAPK pathway in vivo at 1 week after SE but failed to produce anti-inflammatory or anti-oxidant effects. Future studies should be directed to increasing the bioavailability of curcumin (or related compounds) in the brain to assess its anti-epileptogenic potential in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1247-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Drion
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Arena
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - K W Geijtenbeek
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Kooijman
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E A van Vliet
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - J A Gorter
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Amini E, Golpich M, Farjam AS, Kamalidehghan B, Mohamed Z, Ibrahim NM, Ahmadiani A, Raymond AA. Brain Lipopolysaccharide Preconditioning-Induced Gene Reprogramming Mediates a Tolerance State in Electroconvulsive Shock Model of Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:416. [PMID: 29765321 PMCID: PMC5938816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence pointing toward the role of inflammatory processes in epileptic seizures, and reciprocally, prolonged seizures induce more inflammation in the brain. In this regard, effective strategies to control epilepsy resulting from neuroinflammation could be targeted. Based on the available data, preconditioning (PC) with low dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through the regulation of the TLR4 signaling pathway provides neuroprotection against subsequent challenge with injury in the brain. To test this, we examined the effects of a single and chronic brain LPS PC, which is expected to lead to reduction of inflammation against epileptic seizures induced by electroconvulsive shock (ECS). A total of 60 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control, vehicle (single and chronic), and LPS PC (single and chronic). We first recorded the data regarding the behavioral and histological changes. We further investigated the alterations of gene and protein expression of important mediators in relation to TLR4 and inflammatory signaling pathways. Interestingly, significant increased presence of NFκB inhibitors [Src homology 2-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP1) and Toll interacting protein (TOLLIP)] was observed in LPS-preconditioned animals. This result was also associated with over-expression of IRF3 activity and anti-inflammatory markers, along with down-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. Summarizing, the analysis revealed that PC with LPS prior to seizure induction may have a neuroprotective effect possibly by reprogramming the signaling response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amini
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mojtaba Golpich
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdoreza S Farjam
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Behnam Kamalidehghan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah M Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abolhassan Ahmadiani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azman A Raymond
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Hosseini A, Hosseinzadeh H. Antidotal or protective effects of Curcuma longa (turmeric) and its active ingredient, curcumin, against natural and chemical toxicities: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:411-421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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20
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Hashemian M, Anissian D, Ghasemi-Kasman M, Akbari A, Khalili-Fomeshi M, Ghasemi S, Ahmadi F, Moghadamnia AA, Ebrahimpour A. Curcumin-loaded chitosan-alginate-STPP nanoparticles ameliorate memory deficits and reduce glial activation in pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling model of epilepsy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:462-471. [PMID: 28778407 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite several beneficial effects of curcumin, its medical application has been hampered due to low water solubility. To improve the aqueous solubility of curcumin, it has been loaded on chitosan (CS)-alginate (ALG) - sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) nanoparticles (NPs). Then, the effect of curcumin NPs on memory improvement and glial activation was investigated in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling model. Male NMRI mice have received the daily injection of curcumin NPs at dose of 12.5 or 25mg/kg. All interventions were injected intraperitoneally (i.p), 10days before PTZ administration and the injections were continued until 1h before each PTZ injection. Spatial learning and memory was evaluated using Morris water maze test after the 7th PTZ injection. Animals have received 10 injections of PTZ and then, brain tissues were removed for histological evaluation. Nissl staining was used to determine the level of cell death in hippocampus and immunostaining method was performed against NeuN and GFAP/Iba1 for assessment of neuronal density and glial activation respectively. Behavioral results showed that curcumin NPs exhibit anticonvulsant activity and prevent cognitive impairment in fully kindled animals. The level of cell death and glial activation reduced in animals which have received curcumin NPs compared to those received free curcumin. To conclude, these findings suggest that curcumin NPs effectively ameliorate memory impairment and attenuate the level of activated glial cells in a mice model of chronic epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hashemian
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Diana Anissian
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi-Kasman
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khalili-Fomeshi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Shahram Ghasemi
- Nanochemistry Research Lab, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran; Nanochemistry Research Lab, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Anahita Ebrahimpour
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Mazandaran, Iran
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21
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Aminirad A, Mousavi SE, Fakhraei N, Mousavi SM, Rezayat SM. The role of nitric oxide in anticonvulsant effect of nanocurcumine on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice. Neurosci Lett 2017; 651:226-231. [PMID: 28501696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A plant alkaloid obtained from Curcuma longa, curcumin possesses anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Nanoformulations have been developed for preclinical studies which demonstrate enhanced therapeutic efficacy. Effect of acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of curcumin C3 complex nanoparticles [1,5, 10, 20, 40, 80mg/kg, (i.p.)] 75min prior to PTZ, on clonic seizure thresholds induced by intravenous infusion of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) 0.5% was investigated in comparison with curcumin (40 and 80mg/kg, i.p.) in male mice. Moreover, to clarify the probable role of NO in the anticonvulsant property of nanocurcumin, non-effective doses of l-arginine (l-Arg), a NO donor; 7-nitroindazole, 7-NI, a preferential neuronal NO synthase inhibitor; L-NAME, a non-selective NO synthase inhibitor and aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inducible NO synthase inhibitor (iNOS), in combination with nanocurcumin (80mg/kg, i.p.), 15-30min before it were employed. RESULTS While curcumin did not show any anticonvulsant effect, nanocurcumin revealed dose-dependent anticonvulsant property at the doses 20, 40 and 80mg/kg, P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively. l-Arg (30 and 60mg/kg) dose-dependently reversed the anticonvulsant effect of the most effective nanocurcumin dose (80mg/kg), P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively. On the other hand, L-NAME (3 and 10mg/kg, i.p.) markedly potentiated the sub effective dose of nanocurcumin (10mg/kg), P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively. Similarly, AG (50 and 100mg/kg, i.p.) profoundly augmented the seizure thresholds of nanocurcumin (10mg/kg), P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively. In addition, 7-NI (10, 30 and 60mg/kg, i.p.) failed to influence the responses. CONCLUSION These data may support excess of NO production following PTZ infusion probably resulting from iNOS source. Consequently, nanocurcumin probably down regulated NO. To conclude, nanocurcumin showed anticonvulsant effect. Furthermore, this effect was reversed following l-arginine as an external NO precursor. However, both the non-selective NOS inhibitor and selective iNOS inhibitor increased the thresholds. It is evident that nanocurcumin may influence the seizure thresholds at least in part through a decrease in NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Aminirad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAUPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Elaheh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nahid Fakhraei
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahdi Rezayat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Antidotal effects of curcumin against neurotoxic agents: An updated review. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:947-953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Singh S, Kaur H, Sandhir R. Fractal dimensions: A new paradigm to assess spatial memory and learning using Morris water maze. Behav Brain Res 2015; 299:141-6. [PMID: 26592165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Morris water maze has been widely used for analysis of cognitive functions and relies on the time taken by animal to find the platform i.e. escape latency as a parameter to quantify spatial memory and learning. However, escape latency is confounded by swimming speed which is not necessarily a cognitive factor. Rather, path length may be a more appropriate and reliable parameter to assess spatial learning. This paper presents fractal dimension as a new paradigm to assess spatial memory and learning in animals. Male wistar rats were administrated with pentylenetetrazole and scopolamine to induce chronic epilepsy and dementia respectively. Fractal dimension of the random path followed by the animals on Morris water maze was analyzed and statistically compared among different experimental groups; the results suggest that fractal dimension is more reliable and accurate parameter to assess cognitive deficits compared to escape latency. Thus, the present study suggests that fractal dimensions could be used as an independent parameter to assess spatial memory and learning in animals using Morris water maze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjeet Singh
- Department of Governance Reforms, Government of Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Sriranjini SJ, Sandhya K, Mamta VS. Ayurveda and botanical drugs for epilepsy: Current evidence and future prospects. Epilepsy Behav 2015; 52:290-6. [PMID: 26141933 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of epilepsy has progressed since its earliest impression as a disease associated with paranormal and superstitious beliefs. Landmark advances have been made in deciphering the pathophysiological substrates involved in the disease process, and treatment advances have contributed significantly to ameliorating the seizures. However, disease-modifying agents are yet to be discovered. Ayurveda is a system of medicine that stresses a holistic approach to disease, and treatment is focused on disease modification and symptom management. Herbs form the core of Ayurveda medicine; though many of them have been studied for their anticonvulsant activity, very few actually mention the reference of these herbs in Ayurveda literature. Other therapeutic interventions used in Ayurveda are relatively unexplored, and future research will need to focus on this. The current manuscript briefly discusses the understanding of epilepsy as per Ayurveda and reviews herbs that have been studied for their anticonvulsant activity mentioned in Ayurveda literature. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Botanicals for Epilepsy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaram Jaideep Sriranjini
- MS Ramaiah Indic Center for Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India.
| | - Kumar Sandhya
- Ramakrishna Ayurvedic Medical College, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Vernekar Sanjeeva Mamta
- MS Ramaiah Indic Center for Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, New BEL Road, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru 560054, India
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25
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Kaur H, Patro I, Tikoo K, Sandhir R. Curcumin attenuates inflammatory response and cognitive deficits in experimental model of chronic epilepsy. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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