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Ye D, Xie M, Liu T, Huang H, Zhang X, Yu H, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Tang Y, Li T. Physiological and molecular responses in phosphorus-hyperaccumulating Polygonum species to high phosphorus exposure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2475-2490. [PMID: 38567814 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P)-hyperaccumulators for phytoextraction from P-polluted areas generally show rapid growth and accumulate large amounts of P without any toxicity symptom, which depends on a range of physiological processes and gene expression patterns that have never been explored. We investigated growth, leaf element concentrations, P fractions, photosynthetic traits, and leaf metabolome and transcriptome response in amphibious P-hyperaccumulators, Polygonum hydropiper and P. lapathifolium, to high-P exposure (5 mmol L-1), with 0.05 mmol L-1 as the control. Under high-P exposure, both species demonstrated good growth, allocating more P to metabolite P and inorganic P (Pi) accompanied by high potassium and calcium. The expression of a cluster of unigenes associated with photosynthesis was maintained or increased in P. lapathifolium, explaining the increase in net photosynthetic rate and the rapid growth under high-P exposure. Metabolites of trehalose metabolism, including trehalose 6-phosphate and trehalose, were sharply increased in both species by the high-P exposure, in line with the enhanced expression of associated unigenes, indicating that trehalose metabolic pathway was closely related to high-P tolerance. These findings elucidated the physiological and molecular responses involved in the photosynthesis and trehalose metabolism in P-hyperaccumulators to high-P exposure, and provides potential regulatory pathways to improve the P-phytoextraction capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daihua Ye
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Xie
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zicheng Zheng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongdong Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Timm S, Klaas N, Niemann J, Jahnke K, Alseekh S, Zhang Y, Souza PVL, Hou LY, Cosse M, Selinski J, Geigenberger P, Daloso DM, Fernie AR, Hagemann M. Thioredoxins o1 and h2 jointly adjust mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-dependent pathways towards changing environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2542-2560. [PMID: 38518065 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Thioredoxins (TRXs) are central to redox regulation, modulating enzyme activities to adapt metabolism to environmental changes. Previous research emphasized mitochondrial and microsomal TRX o1 and h2 influence on mitochondrial metabolism, including photorespiration and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Our study aimed to compare TRX-based regulation circuits towards environmental cues mainly affecting photorespiration. Metabolite snapshots, phenotypes and CO2 assimilation were compared among single and multiple TRX mutants in the wild-type and the glycine decarboxylase T-protein knockdown (gldt1) background. Our analyses provided evidence for additive negative effects of combined TRX o1 and h2 deficiency on growth and photosynthesis. Especially metabolite accumulation patterns suggest a shared regulation mechanism mainly on mitochondrial dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (mtLPD1)-dependent pathways. Quantification of pyridine nucleotides, in conjunction with 13C-labelling approaches, and biochemical analysis of recombinant mtLPD1 supported this. It also revealed mtLPD1 inhibition by NADH, pointing at an additional measure to fine-tune it's activity. Collectively, we propose that lack of TRX o1 and h2 perturbs the mitochondrial redox state, which impacts on other pathways through shifts in the NADH/NAD+ ratio via mtLPD1. This regulation module might represent a node for simultaneous adjustments of photorespiration, the TCA cycle and branched chain amino acid degradation under fluctuating environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole Klaas
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Janice Niemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kathrin Jahnke
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Paulo V L Souza
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Liang-Yu Hou
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maike Cosse
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jennifer Selinski
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Department Biology I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- LabPlant, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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3
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Billah M, Renju L, Wei H, Qanmber G, Da Y, Lan Y, Qing-di Y, Fuguang L, Zhaoen Y. A cotton mitochondrial alternative electron transporter, GhD2HGDH, induces early flowering by modulating GA and photoperiodic pathways. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14378. [PMID: 38887925 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) is a mitochondrial enzyme containing flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD, existing as a dimer, and it facilitates the specific oxidation of D-2HG to 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG), which is a key intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. A Genome-wide expression analysis (GWEA) has indicated an association between GhD2HGDH and flowering time. To further explore the role of GhD2HGDH, we performed a comprehensive investigation encompassing phenotyping, physiology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics in Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing GhD2HGDH. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR data exhibited heightened expression of GhD2HGDH in upland cotton flowers. Additionally, early-maturing cotton exhibited higher expression of GhD2HGDH across all tissues than delayed-maturing cotton. Subcellular localization confirmed its presence in the mitochondria. Overexpression of GhD2HGDH in Arabidopsis resulted in early flowering. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), we investigated the impact of GhD2HGDH on flowering in both early- and delayed-maturing cotton plants. Manipulation of GhD2HGDH expression levels led to changes in photosynthetic pigment and gas exchange attributes. GhD2HGDH responded to gibberellin (GA3) hormone treatment, influencing the expression of GA biosynthesis genes and repressing DELLA genes. Protein interaction studies, including yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation (LUC), and GST pull-down assays, confirmed the interaction between GhD2HGDH and GhSOX (Sulfite oxidase). The metabolomics analysis demonstrated GhD2HGDH's modulation of the TCA cycle through alterations in various metabolite levels. Transcriptome data revealed that GhD2HGDH overexpression triggers early flowering by modulating the GA3 and photoperiodic pathways of the flowering core factor genes. Taken together, GhD2HGDH positively regulates the network of genes associated with early flowering pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masum Billah
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Liu Renju
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Hu Wei
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Da
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Lan
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Yan Qing-di
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Li Fuguang
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Zhaoen
- Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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4
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Gregory LM, Roze LV, Walker BJ. Increased activity of core photorespiratory enzymes and CO 2 transfer conductances are associated with higher and more optimal photosynthetic rates under elevated temperatures in the extremophile Rhazya stricta. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3704-3720. [PMID: 37667571 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Increase photorespiration and optimising intrinsic water use efficiency are unique challenges to photosynthetic carbon fixation at elevated temperatures. To determine how plants can adapt to facilitate high rates of photorespiration at elevated temperatures while also maintaining water-use efficiency, we performed in-depth gas exchange and biochemical assays of the C3 extremophile, Rhazya stricta. These results demonstrate that R. stricta supports higher rates of photorespiration under elevated temperatures and that these higher rates of photorespiration correlate with increased activity of key photorespiratory enzymes; phosphoglycolate phosphatase and catalase. The increased photorespiratory enzyme activities may increase the overall capacity of photorespiration by reducing enzymatic bottlenecks and allowing minimal inhibitor accumulation under high photorespiratory rates. Additionally, we found the CO2 transfer conductances (stomatal and mesophyll) are re-allocated to increase the water-use efficiency in R. stricta but not necessarily the photosynthetic response to temperature. These results suggest important adaptive strategies in R. stricta that maintain photosynthetic rates under elevated temperatures with optimal water loss. The strategies found in R. stricta may inform breeding and engineering efforts in other C3 species to improve photosynthetic efficiency at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke M Gregory
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ludmila V Roze
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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5
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Aroca A, García-Díaz I, García-Calderón M, Gotor C, Márquez AJ, Betti M. Photorespiration: regulation and new insights on the potential role of persulfidation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6023-6039. [PMID: 37486799 PMCID: PMC10575701 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration has been considered a 'futile' cycle in C3 plants, necessary to detoxify and recycle the metabolites generated by the oxygenating activity of Rubisco. However, several reports indicate that this metabolic route plays a fundamental role in plant metabolism and constitutes a very interesting research topic. Many open questions still remain with regard to photorespiration. One of these questions is how the photorespiratory process is regulated in plants and what factors contribute to this regulation. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the regulation of the photorespiratory pathway with a special focus on the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of photorespiration and the interconnections of this process with nitrogen and sulfur metabolism. Recent findings on sulfide signaling and protein persulfidation are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Aroca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Inmaculada García-Díaz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Margarita García-Calderón
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis (Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio J Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco Betti
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González, 1, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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6
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Sousa RH, Carvalho FE, Daloso DM, Lima-Melo Y, Margis-Pinheiro M, Komatsu S, Silveira JA. Impairment in photosynthesis induced by CAT inhibition depends on the intensity of photorespiration and peroxisomal APX expression in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:108066. [PMID: 37797384 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that rice plants silenced for peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase (OsAPX4-RNAi) display higher resilience to photosynthesis under oxidative stress and photorespiratory conditions. However, the redox mechanisms underlying that intriguing response remain unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that favorable effects triggered by peroxisomal APX deficiency on photosynthesis resilience under CAT inhibition are dependent on the intensity of photorespiration associated with the abundance of photosynthetic and redox proteins. Non-transformed (NT) and OsAPX4-RNAi silenced rice plants were grown under ambient (AC) or high CO2 (HC) conditions and subjected to 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT)-mediated CAT activity inhibition. Photosynthetic measurements evidenced that OsAPX4-RNAi plants simultaneously exposed to CAT inhibition and HC lost the previously acquired advantage in photosynthesis resilience displayed under AC. Silenced plants exposed to environment photorespiration and CAT inhibition presented lower photorespiration as indicated by smaller Gly/Ser and Jo/Jc ratios and glycolate oxidase activity. Interestingly, when these silenced plants were exposed to HC and CAT-inhibition, they exhibited an inverse response compared to AC in terms of photorespiration indicators, associated with higher accumulation of proteins. Multivariate and correlation network analyses suggest that the proteomics changes induced by HC combined with CAT inhibition are substantially different between NT and OsAPX4-RNAi plants. Our results suggest that the intensity of photorespiration and peroxisomal APX-mediated redox signaling are tightly regulated under CAT inhibition induced oxidative stress, which can modulate the photosynthetic efficiency, possibly via a coordinated regulation of protein abundance and rearrangement, ultimately triggered by crosstalk involving H2O2 levels related to CAT and APX activities in peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Hv Sousa
- Center of Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity, Federal University of Cariri, Brazil
| | - Fabricio El Carvalho
- Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research (AGROSAVIA), CI La Suiza, Rionegro, Colombia
| | - Danilo M Daloso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Yugo Lima-Melo
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, Japan
| | - Joaquim Ag Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
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7
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Zhang Y, Fernie AR. The Role of TCA Cycle Enzymes in Plants. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200238. [PMID: 37341441 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
As one of the iconic pathways in plant metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is commonly thought to not only be responsible for the oxidization of respiratory substrate to drive ATP synthesis but also provide carbon skeletons to anabolic processes and contribute to carbon-nitrogen interaction and biotic stress responses. The functions of the TCA cycle enzymes are characterized by a saturation transgenesis approach, whereby the constituent expression of proteins is knocked out or reduced in order to investigate their function in vivo. The alteration of TCA cycle enzyme expression results in changed plant growth and photosynthesis under controlled conditions. Moreover, improvements in plant performance and postharvest properties are reported by overexpression of either endogenous forms or heterologous genes of a number of the enzymes. Given the importance of the TCA cycle in plant metabolism regulation, here, the function of each enzyme and its roles in different tissues are discussed. This article additionally highlights the recent finding that the plant TCA cycle, like that of mammals and microbes, dynamically assembles functional substrate channels or metabolons and discusses the implications of this finding to the current understanding of the metabolic regulation of the plant TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
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8
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Mishra N, Jiang C, Chen L, Paul A, Chatterjee A, Shen G. Achieving abiotic stress tolerance in plants through antioxidative defense mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110622. [PMID: 37332720 PMCID: PMC10272748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has increased the overall impact of abiotic stress conditions such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures on plants. Abiotic stress adversely affects the growth, development, crop yield, and productivity of plants. When plants are subjected to various environmental stress conditions, the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and its detoxification through antioxidant mechanisms is disturbed. The extent of disturbance depends on the severity, intensity, and duration of abiotic stress. The equilibrium between the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species is maintained due to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense mechanisms. Non-enzymatic antioxidants include both lipid-soluble (α-tocopherol and β-carotene) and water-soluble (glutathione, ascorbate, etc.) antioxidants. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) are major enzymatic antioxidants that are essential for ROS homeostasis. In this review, we intend to discuss various antioxidative defense approaches used to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants and the mechanism of action of the genes or enzymes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Mishra
- Department of Botany, St. Joseph’s University, Bangalore, KA, India
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | | | - Guoxin Shen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Aguiló-Nicolau P, Galmés J, Fais G, Capó-Bauçà S, Cao G, Iñiguez C. Singular adaptations in the carbon assimilation mechanism of the polyextremophile cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis thermalis. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:231-245. [PMID: 36941458 PMCID: PMC10154277 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria largely contribute to the biogeochemical carbon cycle fixing ~ 25% of the inorganic carbon on Earth. However, the carbon acquisition and assimilation mechanisms in Cyanobacteria are still underexplored regardless of being of great importance for shedding light on the origins of autotropism on Earth and providing new bioengineering tools for crop yield improvement. Here, we fully characterized these mechanisms from the polyextremophile cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis thermalis KOMAREK 1964/111 in comparison with the model cyanobacterial strain, Synechococcus sp. PCC6301. In particular, we analyzed the Rubisco kinetics along with the in vivo photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in response to external dissolved inorganic carbon, the effect of CO2 concentrating mechanism (CCM) inhibitors on net photosynthesis and the anatomical particularities of their carboxysomes when grown under either ambient air (0.04% CO2) or 2.5% CO2-enriched air. Our results show that Rubisco from C. thermalis possess the highest specificity factor and carboxylation efficiency ever reported for Cyanobacteria, which were accompanied by a highly effective CCM, concentrating CO2 around Rubisco more than 140-times the external CO2 levels, when grown under ambient CO2 conditions. Our findings provide new insights into the Rubisco kinetics of Cyanobacteria, suggesting that improved Sc/o values can still be compatible with a fast-catalyzing enzyme. The combination of Rubisco kinetics and CCM effectiveness in C. thermalis relative to other cyanobacterial species might indicate that the co-evolution between Rubisco and CCMs in Cyanobacteria is not as constrained as in other phylogenetic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Aguiló-Nicolau
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Ctra. Valldemossa km. 7.5, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Ctra. Valldemossa km. 7.5, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.
| | - Giacomo Fais
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sebastià Capó-Bauçà
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Ctra. Valldemossa km. 7.5, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Giacomo Cao
- Interdepartmental Centre of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Concepción Iñiguez
- Research Group on Plant Biology Under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears, INAGEA, Ctra. Valldemossa km. 7.5, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
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10
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Huffine CA, Zhao R, Tang YJ, Cameron JC. Role of carboxysomes in cyanobacterial CO 2 assimilation: CO 2 concentrating mechanisms and metabolon implications. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:219-228. [PMID: 36367380 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Many carbon-fixing organisms have evolved CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to enhance the delivery of CO2 to RuBisCO, while minimizing reactions with the competitive inhibitor, molecular O2 . These distinct types of CCMs have been extensively studied using genetics, biochemistry, cell imaging, mass spectrometry, and metabolic flux analysis. Highlighted in this paper, the cyanobacterial CCM features a bacterial microcompartment (BMC) called 'carboxysome' in which RuBisCO is co-encapsulated with the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) within a semi-permeable protein shell. The cyanobacterial CCM is capable of increasing CO2 around RuBisCO, leading to one of the most efficient processes known for fixing ambient CO2 . The carboxysome life cycle is dynamic and creates a unique subcellular environment that promotes activity of the Calvin-Benson (CB) cycle. The carboxysome may function within a larger cellular metabolon, physical association of functionally coupled proteins, to enhance metabolite channelling and carbon flux. In light of CCMs, synthetic biology approaches have been used to improve enzyme complex for CO2 fixations. Research on CCM-associated metabolons has also inspired biologists to engineer multi-step pathways by providing anchoring points for enzyme cascades to channel intermediate metabolites towards valuable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair A Huffine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology Program (IQ Biology), BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Runyu Zhao
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yinjie J Tang
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, USA
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11
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Fu X, Gregory LM, Weise SE, Walker BJ. Integrated flux and pool size analysis in plant central metabolism reveals unique roles of glycine and serine during photorespiration. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:169-178. [PMID: 36536013 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an essential process juxtaposed between plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism that responds to dynamic environments. Photorespiration recycles inhibitory intermediates arising from oxygenation reactions catalysed by Rubisco back into the C3 cycle, but it is unclear what proportions of its nitrogen-containing intermediates (glycine and serine) are exported into other metabolisms in vivo and how these pool sizes affect net CO2 gas exchange during photorespiratory transients. Here, to address this uncertainty, we measured rates of amino acid export from photorespiration using isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis. This analysis revealed that ~23-41% of the photorespiratory carbon was exported from the pathway as serine under various photorespiratory conditions. Furthermore, we determined that the build-up and relaxation of glycine pools constrained a large portion of photosynthetic acclimation during photorespiratory transients. These results reveal the unique and important roles of glycine and serine in successfully maintaining various photorespiratory fluxes that occur under environmental fluctuations in nature and providing carbon and nitrogen for metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Fu
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Luke M Gregory
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sean E Weise
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Michigan State University-Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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12
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Basu D, South PF. Design and Analysis of Native Photorespiration Gene Motifs of Promoter Untranslated Region Combinations Under Short Term Abiotic Stress Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:828729. [PMID: 35251099 PMCID: PMC8888687 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.828729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative traits are rarely controlled by a single gene, thereby making multi-gene transformation an indispensable component of modern synthetic biology approaches. However, the shortage of unique gene regulatory elements (GREs) for the robust simultaneous expression of multiple nuclear transgenes is a major bottleneck that impedes the engineering of complex pathways in plants. In this study, we compared the transcriptional efficacies of a comprehensive list of well-documented promoter and untranslated region (UTR) sequences side by side. The strength of GREs was examined by a dual-luciferase assay in conjunction with transient expression in tobacco. In addition, we created suites of new GREs with higher transcriptional efficacies by combining the best performing promoter-UTR sequences. We also tested the impact of elevated temperature and high irradiance on the effectiveness of these GREs. While constitutive promoters ensure robust expression of transgenes, they lack spatiotemporal regulations exhibited by native promoters. Here, we present a proof-of-principle study on the characterization of synthetic promoters based on cis-regulatory elements of three key photorespiratory genes. This conserved biochemical process normally increases under elevated temperature, low CO2, and high irradiance stress conditions and results in ∼25% loss in fixed CO2. To select stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements involved in photorespiration, we analyzed promoters of two chloroplast transporters (AtPLGG1 and AtBASS6) and a key plastidial enzyme, AtPGLP using PlantPAN3.0 and AthaMap. Our results suggest that these motifs play a critical role for PLGG1, BASS6, and PGLP in mediating response to elevated temperature and high-intensity light stress. These findings will not only enable the advancement of metabolic and genetic engineering of photorespiration but will also be instrumental in related synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul F. South
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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13
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Shi Q, Sun H, Timm S, Zhang S, Huang W. Photorespiration Alleviates Photoinhibition of Photosystem I under Fluctuating Light in Tomato. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020195. [PMID: 35050082 PMCID: PMC8780929 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuating light (FL) is a typical natural light stress that can cause photodamage to photosystem I (PSI). However, the effect of growth light on FL-induced PSI photoinhibition remains controversial. Plants grown under high light enhance photorespiration to sustain photosynthesis, but the contribution of photorespiration to PSI photoprotection under FL is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the photosynthetic performance under FL in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants grown under high light (HL-plants) and moderate light (ML-plants). After an abrupt increase in illumination, the over-reduction of PSI was lowered in HL-plants, resulting in a lower FL-induced PSI photoinhibition. HL-plants displayed higher capacities for CO2 fixation and photorespiration than ML-plants. Within the first 60 s after transition from low to high light, PSII electron transport was much higher in HL-plants, but the gross CO2 assimilation rate showed no significant difference between them. Therefore, upon a sudden increase in illumination, the difference in PSII electron transport between HL- and ML-plants was not attributed to the Calvin–Benson cycle but was caused by the change in photorespiration. These results indicated that the higher photorespiration in HL-plants enhanced the PSI electron sink downstream under FL, which mitigated the over-reduction of PSI and thus alleviated PSI photoinhibition under FL. Taking together, we here for the first time propose that photorespiration acts as a safety valve for PSI photoprotection under FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Shibao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Q.S.); (H.S.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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The Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Development of European Ash Tissue Cultures. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fraxinus excelsior L. is threatened by a variety of environmental factors causing a decline of the species. The most important biotic factors negatively affecting the condition of the F. excelsior population are fungi such as the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Abiotic factors with potentially harmful effect to the F. excelsior population are the accumulation of heavy metals and salinity in soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of selected biotic and abiotic stress factors to determine which of them pose a threat to European ash. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques based on callus and seedlings regenerated via indirect organogenesis. Tissue cultures exclude the influence of other factors, including the environmental impact on ash extinction. The results confirmed very strong pathogenic potential of H. fraxineus in which after 14 days the callus tissue cells died as the tissue failed to activate its defense mechanisms. Experiments showed the high toxicity of cadmium in concentration of 0.027 mmol/L. Salinity caused the activity of oxidation enzymes to vary among seedlings and calluses in the control suggesting the enzymes play a role in controlling the morphogenetic development of tissue cultures.
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15
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Wu S, Gu W, Jia S, Wang L, Wang L, Liu X, Zhou L, Huang A, Wang G. Proteomic and biochemical responses to different concentrations of CO 2 suggest the existence of multiple carbon metabolism strategies in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:235. [PMID: 34906223 PMCID: PMC8670125 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diatoms are well known for high photosynthetic efficiency and rapid growth rate, which are not only important oceanic primary producer, but also ideal feedstock for microalgae industrialization. Their high success is mainly due to the rapid response of photosynthesis to inorganic carbon fluctuations. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the photosynthetic carbon fixation mechanism of diatoms will be of great help to microalgae-based applications. This work directed toward the analysis of whether C4 photosynthetic pathway functions in the model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, which possesses biophysical CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM) as well as metabolic enzymes potentially involved in C4 photosynthetic pathway. RESULTS For P. tricornutum, differential proteome, enzyme activities and transcript abundance of carbon metabolism-related genes especially biophysical and biochemical CCM-related genes in response to different concentrations of CO2 were tracked in this study. The upregulated protein abundance of a carbonic anhydrases and a bicarbonate transporter suggested biophysical CCM activated under low CO2 (LC). The upregulation of a number of key C4-related enzymes in enzymatic activity, transcript and protein abundance under LC indicated the induction of a mitochondria-mediated CCM in P. tricornutum. Moreover, protein abundance of a number of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, photorespiration and ornithine-urea cycle related proteins upregulated under LC, while numbers of proteins involved in the Calvin cycle and pentose phosphate pathway were downregulated. Under high CO2 (HC), protein abundance of most central carbon metabolism and photosynthesis-related proteins were upregulated. CONCLUSIONS The proteomic and biochemical responses to different concentrations of CO2 suggested multiple carbon metabolism strategies exist in P. tricornutum. Namely, LC might induce a mitochondrial-mediated C4-like CCM and the improvement of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, photorespiration and ornithine-urea cycle activity contribute to the energy supply and carbon and nitrogen recapture in P. tricornutum to cope with the CO2 limitation, while P. tricornutum responds to the HC environment by improving photosynthesis and central carbon metabolism activity. These findings can not only provide evidences for revealing the global picture of biophysical and biochemical CCM in P. tricornutum, but also provide target genes for further microalgal strain modification to improve carbon fixation and biomass yield in algal-based industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songcui Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Wenhui Gu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shuao Jia
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lepu Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aiyou Huang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Guangce Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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16
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Huffine CA, Wheeler LC, Wing B, Cameron JC. Computational modeling and evolutionary implications of biochemical reactions in bacterial microcompartments. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 65:15-23. [PMID: 34717259 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are protein-encapsulated compartments found across at least 23 bacterial phyla. BMCs contain a variety of metabolic processes that share the commonality of toxic or volatile intermediates, oxygen-sensitive enzymes and cofactors, or increased substrate concentration for magnified reaction rates. These compartmentalized reactions have been computationally modeled to explore the encapsulated dynamics, ask evolutionary-based questions, and develop a more systematic understanding required for the engineering of novel BMCs. Many crucial aspects of these systems remain unknown or unmeasured, such as substrate permeabilities across the protein shell, feasibility of pH gradients, and transport rates of associated substrates into the cell. This review explores existing BMC models, dominated in the literature by cyanobacterial carboxysomes, and highlights potentially important areas for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clair A Huffine
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Interdisciplinary Quantitative Biology Program (IQ Biology), BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lucas C Wheeler
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Boswell Wing
- Department of Geological Sciences, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Cameron
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
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17
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The impact of photorespiration on plant primary metabolism through metabolic and redox regulation. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:2495-2504. [PMID: 33300978 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an inevitable trait of all oxygenic phototrophs, being the only known metabolic route that converts the inhibitory side-product of Rubisco's oxygenase activity 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG) back into the Calvin-Benson (CB) cycle's intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA). Through this function of metabolite repair, photorespiration is able to protect photosynthetic carbon assimilation from the metabolite intoxication that would occur in the present-day oxygen-rich atmosphere. In recent years, much plant research has provided compelling evidence that photorespiration safeguards photosynthesis and engages in cross-talk with a number of subcellular processes. Moreover, the potential of manipulating photorespiration to increase the photosynthetic yield potential has been demonstrated in several plant species. Considering this multifaceted role, it is tempting to presume photorespiration itself is subject to a suite of regulation mechanisms to eventually exert a regulatory impact on other processes, and vice versa. The identification of potential pathway interactions and underlying regulatory aspects has been facilitated via analysis of the photorespiratory mutant phenotype, accompanied by the emergence of advanced omics' techniques and biochemical approaches. In this mini-review, I focus on the identification of enzymatic steps which control the photorespiratory flux, as well as levels of transcriptional, posttranslational, and metabolic regulation. Most importantly, glycine decarboxylase (GDC) and 2PG are identified as being key photorespiratory determinants capable of controlling photorespiratory flux and communicating with other branches of plant primary metabolism.
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18
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Engineering Climate-Change-Resilient Crops: New Tools and Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157877. [PMID: 34360645 PMCID: PMC8346029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental adversities, particularly drought and nutrient limitation, are among the major causes of crop losses worldwide. Due to the rapid increase of the world's population, there is an urgent need to combine knowledge of plant science with innovative applications in agriculture to protect plant growth and thus enhance crop yield. In recent decades, engineering strategies have been successfully developed with the aim to improve growth and stress tolerance in plants. Most strategies applied so far have relied on transgenic approaches and/or chemical treatments. However, to cope with rapid climate change and the need to secure sustainable agriculture and biomass production, innovative approaches need to be developed to effectively meet these challenges and demands. In this review, we summarize recent and advanced strategies that involve the use of plant-related cyanobacterial proteins, macro- and micronutrient management, nutrient-coated nanoparticles, and phytopathogenic organisms, all of which offer promise as protective resources to shield plants from climate challenges and to boost stress tolerance in crops.
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19
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What Antarctic Plants Can Tell Us about Climate Changes: Temperature as a Driver for Metabolic Reprogramming. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081094. [PMID: 34439761 PMCID: PMC8392395 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global warming is strongly affecting the maritime Antarctica climate and the consequent melting of perennial snow and ice covers resulted in increased colonization by plants. Colobanthus quitensis is a vascular plant highly adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of Antarctic Peninsula and understanding how the plant is responding to global warming is a new challenging target for modern cell physiology. To this aim, we performed differential proteomic analysis on C. quitensis plants grown in natural conditions compared to plants grown for one year inside open top chambers (OTCs) which determine an increase of about 4 °C at midday, mimicking the effect of global warming. A thorough analysis of the up- and downregulated proteins highlighted an extensive metabolism reprogramming leading to enhanced photoprotection and oxidative stress control as well as reduced content of cell wall components. Overall, OTCs growth seems to be advantageous for C. quitensis plants which could benefit from a better CO2 diffusion into the mesophyll and a reduced ROS-mediated photodamage.
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20
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Zimmermann SE, Benstein RM, Flores-Tornero M, Blau S, Anoman AD, Rosa-Téllez S, Gerlich SC, Salem MA, Alseekh S, Kopriva S, Wewer V, Flügge UI, Jacoby RP, Fernie AR, Giavalisco P, Ros R, Krueger S. The phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis links plant growth with nitrogen metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1487-1506. [PMID: 34624108 PMCID: PMC8260141 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Because it is the precursor for various essential cellular components, the amino acid serine is indispensable for every living organism. In plants, serine is synthesized by two major pathways: photorespiration and the phosphorylated pathway of serine biosynthesis (PPSB). However, the importance of these pathways in providing serine for plant development is not fully understood. In this study, we examine the relative contributions of photorespiration and PPSB to providing serine for growth and metabolism in the C3 model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our analyses of cell proliferation and elongation reveal that PPSB-derived serine is indispensable for plant growth and its loss cannot be compensated by photorespiratory serine biosynthesis. Using isotope labeling, we show that PPSB-deficiency impairs the synthesis of proteins and purine nucleotides in plants. Furthermore, deficiency in PPSB-mediated serine biosynthesis leads to a strong accumulation of metabolites related to nitrogen metabolism. This result corroborates 15N-isotope labeling in which we observed an increased enrichment in labeled amino acids in PPSB-deficient plants. Expression studies indicate that elevated ammonium uptake and higher glutamine synthetase/glutamine oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GS/GOGAT) activity causes this phenotype. Metabolic analyses further show that elevated nitrogen assimilation and reduced amino acid turnover into proteins and nucleotides are the most likely driving forces for changes in respiratory metabolism and amino acid catabolism in PPSB-deficient plants. Accordingly, we conclude that even though photorespiration generates high amounts of serine in plants, PPSB-derived serine is more important for plant growth and its deficiency triggers the induction of nitrogen assimilation, most likely as an amino acid starvation response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruben M Benstein
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - María Flores-Tornero
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Samira Blau
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Armand D Anoman
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Sara Rosa-Téllez
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Silke C Gerlich
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Salem
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Vera Wewer
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Ulf-Ingo Flügge
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Richard P Jacoby
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne 50933, Germany
| | - Roc Ros
- Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Spain
- Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain
| | - Stephan Krueger
- Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne 50674, Germany
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21
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Bouvier JW, Emms DM, Rhodes T, Bolton JS, Brasnett A, Eddershaw A, Nielsen JR, Unitt A, Whitney SM, Kelly S. Rubisco Adaptation Is More Limited by Phylogenetic Constraint Than by Catalytic Trade-off. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:2880-2896. [PMID: 33739416 PMCID: PMC8233502 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubisco assimilates CO2 to form the sugars that fuel life on earth. Correlations between rubisco kinetic traits across species have led to the proposition that rubisco adaptation is highly constrained by catalytic trade-offs. However, these analyses did not consider the phylogenetic context of the enzymes that were analyzed. Thus, it is possible that the correlations observed were an artefact of the presence of phylogenetic signal in rubisco kinetics and the phylogenetic relationship between the species that were sampled. Here, we conducted a phylogenetically resolved analysis of rubisco kinetics and show that there is a significant phylogenetic signal in rubisco kinetic traits. We re-evaluated the extent of catalytic trade-offs accounting for this phylogenetic signal and found that all were attenuated. Following phylogenetic correction, the largest catalytic trade-offs were observed between the Michaelis constant for CO2 and carboxylase turnover (∼21-37%), and between the Michaelis constants for CO2 and O2 (∼9-19%), respectively. All other catalytic trade-offs were substantially attenuated such that they were marginal (<9%) or non-significant. This phylogenetically resolved analysis of rubisco kinetic evolution also identified kinetic changes that occur concomitant with the evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Finally, we show that phylogenetic constraints have played a larger role than catalytic trade-offs in limiting the evolution of rubisco kinetics. Thus, although there is strong evidence for some catalytic trade-offs, rubisco adaptation has been more limited by phylogenetic constraint than by the combined action of all catalytic trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques W Bouvier
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David M Emms
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Rhodes
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jai S Bolton
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia Brasnett
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Eddershaw
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jochem R Nielsen
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Unitt
- Doctoral Training Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Spencer M Whitney
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Steven Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Shi M, Zhao L, Wang Y. Identification and Characterization of Genes Encoding the Hydroxypyruvate Reductases in Chlamydomonas Reveal Their Distinct Roles in Photorespiration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690296. [PMID: 34249060 PMCID: PMC8264790 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration plays an important role in maintaining normal physiological metabolism in higher plants and other oxygenic organisms, such as algae. The unicellular eukaryotic organism Chlamydomonas is reported to have a photorespiration system different from that in higher plants, and only two out of nine genes encoding photorespiratory enzymes have been experimentally characterized. Hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), which is responsible for the conversion of hydroxypyruvate into glycerate, is poorly understood and not yet explored in Chlamydomonas. To identify the candidate genes encoding hydroxypyruvate reductases in Chlamydomonas (CrHPR) and uncover their elusive functions, we performed sequence comparison, enzyme activity measurement, subcellular localization, and analysis of knockout/knockdown strains. Together, we identify five proteins to be good candidates for CrHPRs, all of which are detected with the activity of hydroxypyruvate reductase. CrHPR1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent enzyme in mitochondria, may function as the major component of photorespiration. Its deletion causes severe photorespiratory defects. CrHPR2 takes part in the cytosolic bypass of photorespiration as the compensatory pathway of CrHPR1 for the reduction of hydroxypyruvate. CrHPR4, with NADH as the cofactor, may participate in photorespiration by acting as the chloroplastidial glyoxylate reductase in glycolate-quinone oxidoreductase system. Therefore, the results reveal that CrHPRs are far more complex than previously recognized and provide a greatly expanded knowledge base for studies to understand how CrHPRs perform their functions in photorespiration. These will facilitate both modification of photorespiration and genetic engineering for crop improvement by synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Santhanagopalan I, Wong R, Mathur T, Griffiths H. Orchestral manoeuvres in the light: crosstalk needed for regulation of the Chlamydomonas carbon concentration mechanism. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4604-4624. [PMID: 33893473 PMCID: PMC8320531 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The inducible carbon concentration mechanism (CCM) in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been well defined from a molecular and ultrastructural perspective. Inorganic carbon transport proteins, and strategically located carbonic anhydrases deliver CO2 within the chloroplast pyrenoid matrix where Rubisco is packaged. However, there is little understanding of the fundamental signalling and sensing processes leading to CCM induction. While external CO2 limitation has been believed to be the primary cue, the coupling between energetic supply and inorganic carbon demand through regulatory feedback from light harvesting and photorespiration signals could provide the original CCM trigger. Key questions regarding the integration of these processes are addressed in this review. We consider how the chloroplast functions as a crucible for photosynthesis, importing and integrating nuclear-encoded components from the cytoplasm, and sending retrograde signals to the nucleus to regulate CCM induction. We hypothesize that induction of the CCM is associated with retrograde signals associated with photorespiration and/or light stress. We have also examined the significance of common evolutionary pressures for origins of two co-regulated processes, namely the CCM and photorespiration, in addition to identifying genes of interest involved in transcription, protein folding, and regulatory processes which are needed to fully understand the processes leading to CCM induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Santhanagopalan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel Wong
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tanya Mathur
- Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Bapatla RB, Saini D, Aswani V, Rajsheel P, Sunil B, Timm S, Raghavendra AS. Modulation of Photorespiratory Enzymes by Oxidative and Photo-Oxidative Stress Induced by Menadione in Leaves of Pea ( Pisum sativum). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050987. [PMID: 34063541 PMCID: PMC8156035 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration, an essential component of plant metabolism, is concerted across four subcellular compartments, namely, chloroplast, peroxisome, mitochondrion, and the cytoplasm. It is unclear how the pathway located in different subcellular compartments respond to stress occurring exclusively in one of those. We attempted to assess the inter-organelle interaction during the photorespiratory pathway. For that purpose, we induced oxidative stress by menadione (MD) in mitochondria and photo-oxidative stress (high light) in chloroplasts. Subsequently, we examined the changes in selected photorespiratory enzymes, known to be located in other subcellular compartments. The presence of MD upregulated the transcript and protein levels of five chosen photorespiratory enzymes in both normal and high light. Peroxisomal glycolate oxidase and catalase activities increased by 50% and 25%, respectively, while chloroplastic glycerate kinase and phosphoglycolate phosphatase increased by ~30%. The effect of MD was maximum in high light, indicating photo-oxidative stress was an influential factor to regulate photorespiration. Oxidative stress created in mitochondria caused a coordinative upregulation of photorespiration in other organelles. We provided evidence that reactive oxygen species are important signals for inter-organelle communication during photorespiration. Thus, MD can be a valuable tool to modulate the redox state in plant cells to study the metabolic consequences across membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh B. Bapatla
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Deepak Saini
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Vetcha Aswani
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Pidakala Rajsheel
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Bobba Sunil
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Agepati S. Raghavendra
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India; (R.B.B.); (D.S.); (V.A.); (P.R.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: or
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25
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Lv H, Kim M, Park S, Baek K, Oh H, Polle JE, Jin E. Comparative transcriptome analysis of short-term responses to salt and glycerol hyperosmotic stress in the green alga Dunaliella salina. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Timm S, Arrivault S. Regulation of Central Carbon and Amino Acid Metabolism in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:430. [PMID: 33668292 PMCID: PMC7996223 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuations in the prevailing environmental conditions, including light availability and intensity, CO2/O2 ratio, temperature, and nutrient or water supply, require rapid metabolic switches to maintain proper metabolism [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
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27
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A cyanobacterial photorespiratory bypass model to enhance photosynthesis by rerouting photorespiratory pathway in C 3 plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20879. [PMID: 33257792 PMCID: PMC7705653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants employ photosynthesis to produce sugars for supporting their growth. During photosynthesis, an enzyme Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) combines its substrate Ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate (RuBP) with CO2 to produce phosphoglycerate (PGA). Alongside, Rubisco also takes up O2 and produce 2-phosphoglycolate (2-PG), a toxic compound broken down into PGA through photorespiration. Photorespiration is not only a resource-demanding process but also results in CO2 loss which affects photosynthetic efficiency in C3 plants. Here, we propose to circumvent photorespiration by adopting the cyanobacterial glycolate decarboxylation pathway into C3 plants. For that, we have integrated the cyanobacterial glycolate decarboxylation pathway into a kinetic model of C3 photosynthetic pathway to evaluate its impact on photosynthesis and photorespiration. Our results show that the cyanobacterial glycolate decarboxylation bypass model exhibits a 10% increase in net photosynthetic rate (A) in comparison with C3 model. Moreover, an increased supply of intercellular CO2 (Ci) from the bypass resulted in a 54.8% increase in PGA while reducing photorespiratory intermediates including glycolate (− 49%) and serine (− 32%). The bypass model, at default conditions, also elucidated a decline in phosphate-based metabolites including RuBP (− 61.3%). The C3 model at elevated level of inorganic phosphate (Pi), exhibited a significant change in RuBP (+ 355%) and PGA (− 98%) which is attributable to the low availability of Ci. Whereas, at elevated Pi, the bypass model exhibited an increase of 73.1% and 33.9% in PGA and RuBP, respectively. Therefore, we deduce a synergistic effect of elevation in CO2 and Pi pool on photosynthesis. We also evaluated the integrative action of CO2, Pi, and Rubisco carboxylation activity (Vcmax) on A and observed that their simultaneous increase raised A by 26%, in the bypass model. Taken together, the study potentiates engineering of cyanobacterial decarboxylation pathway in C3 plants to bypass photorespiration thereby increasing the overall efficiency of photosynthesis.
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Yang YJ, Hu H, Huang W. The Light Dependence of Mesophyll Conductance and Relative Limitations on Photosynthesis in Evergreen Sclerophyllous Rhododendron Species. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9111536. [PMID: 33182785 PMCID: PMC7697185 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) limits CO2 diffusion from sub-stomatal internal cavities to the sites of RuBP carboxylation. However, the response of gm to light intensity remains controversial. Furthermore, little is known about the light response of relative mesophyll conductance limitation (lm) and its effect on photosynthesis. In this study, we measured chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in nine evergreen sclerophyllous Rhododendron species. gm was maintained stable across light intensities from 300 to 1500 μmol photons m-2 s-1 in all these species, indicating that gm did not respond to the change in illumination in them. With an increase in light intensity, lm gradually increased, making gm the major limiting factor for area-based photosynthesis (AN) under saturating light. A strong negative relationship between lm and AN was found at 300 μmol photons m-2 s-1 but disappeared at 1500 μmol photons m-2 s-1, suggesting an important role for lm in determining AN at sub-saturating light. Furthermore, the light-dependent increase in lm led to a decrease in chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc), inducing the gradual increase of photorespiration. A higher lm under saturating light made AN more limited by RuBP carboxylation. These results indicate that the light response of lm plays significant roles in determining Cc, photorespiration, and the rate-limiting step of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
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29
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Lin MT, Stone WD, Chaudhari V, Hanson MR. Small subunits can determine enzyme kinetics of tobacco Rubisco expressed in Escherichia coli. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1289-1299. [PMID: 32929197 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00761-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) catalyses the first step in carbon fixation and is a strategic target for improving photosynthetic efficiency. In plants, Rubisco is composed of eight large and eight small subunits, and its biogenesis requires multiple chaperones. Here, we optimized a system to produce tobacco Rubisco in Escherichia coli by coexpressing chaperones in autoinduction medium. We successfully assembled tobacco Rubisco in E. coli with each small subunit that is normally encoded by the nuclear genome. Even though each enzyme carries only a single type of small subunit in E. coli, the enzymes exhibit carboxylation kinetics that are very similar to the carboxylation kinetics of the native Rubisco. Tobacco Rubisco assembled with a recently discovered trichome small subunit has a higher catalytic rate and a lower CO2 affinity compared with Rubisco complexes that are assembled with other small subunits. Our E. coli expression system will enable the analysis of features of both subunits of Rubisco that affect its kinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myat T Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - William D Stone
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | | | - Maureen R Hanson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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30
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Fernie AR, Bauwe H. Wasteful, essential, evolutionary stepping stone? The multiple personalities of the photorespiratory pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:666-677. [PMID: 31904886 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The photorespiratory pathway, in short photorespiration, is a metabolic repair system that enables the CO2 fixation enzyme Rubisco to sustainably operate in the presence of oxygen, that is, during oxygenic photosynthesis of plants and cyanobacteria. Photorespiration is necessary because an auto-inhibitory metabolite, 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), is produced when Rubisco binds oxygen instead of CO2 as a substrate and must be removed, to avoid collapse of metabolism, and recycled as efficiently as possible. The basic principle of recycling 2PG very likely evolved several billion years ago in connection with the evolution of oxyphotobacteria. It comprises the multi-step combination of two molecules of 2PG to form 3-phosphoglycerate. The biochemistry of this process dictates that one out of four 2PG carbons is lost as CO2 , which is a long-standing plant breeders' concern because it represents by far the largest fraction of respiratory processes that reduce gross-photosynthesis of major crops down to about 50% and less, lowering potential yields. In addition to the ATP needed for recycling of the 2PG carbon, extra energy is needed for the refixation of liberated equal amounts of ammonia. It is thought that the energy costs of photorespiration have an additional negative impact on crop yields in at least some environments. This paper discusses recent advances concerning the origin and evolution of photorespiration, and gives an overview of contemporary and envisioned strategies to engineer the biochemistry of, or even avoid, photorespiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051, Rostock, Germany
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31
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Liu YL, Shen ZJ, Simon M, Li H, Ma DN, Zhu XY, Zheng HL. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Effects of H 2S on Salt Tolerance of Mangrove Plant Kandelia obovata. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010118. [PMID: 31878013 PMCID: PMC6981851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a dominant mangrove species, Kandelia obovata is distributed in an intertidal marsh with an active H2S release. Whether H2S participates in the salt tolerance of mangrove plants is still ambiguous, although increasing evidence has demonstrated that H2S functions in plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, NaHS was used as an H2S donor to investigate the regulatory mechanism of H2S on the salt tolerance of K. obovata seedlings by using a combined physiological and proteomic analysis. The results showed that the reduction in photosynthesis (Pn) caused by 400 mM of NaCl was recovered by the addition of NaHS (200 μM). Furthermore, the application of H2S enhanced the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the membrane lipid stability, implying that H2S is beneficial to the survival of K. obovata seedlings under high salinity. We further identified 37 differentially expressed proteins by proteomic approaches under salinity and NaHS treatments. Among them, the proteins that are related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism, stress response and hormone biosynthesis were primarily enriched. The physiological and proteomic results highlighted that exogenous H2S up-regulated photosynthesis and energy metabolism to help K. obovata to cope with high salinity. Specifically, H2S increased photosynthetic electron transfer, chlorophyll biosynthesis and carbon fixation in K. obovata leaves under salt stress. Furthermore, the abundances of other proteins related to the metabolic pathway, such as antioxidation (ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CSD2), and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1)), protein synthesis (heat-shock protein (HSP), chaperonin family protein (Cpn) 20), nitrogen metabolism (glutamine synthetase 1 and 2 (GS2), GS1:1), glycolysis (phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)), and the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle were increased by H2S under high salinity. These findings provide new insights into the roles of H2S in the adaptations of the K. obovata mangrove plant to high salinity environments.
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32
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Timm S, Woitschach F, Heise C, Hagemann M, Bauwe H. Faster Removal of 2-Phosphoglycolate through Photorespiration Improves Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Arabidopsis. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120563. [PMID: 31810232 PMCID: PMC6963629 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration metabolizes 2-phosphoglyolate (2-PG) to avoid inhibition of carbon assimilation and allocation. In addition to 2-PG removal, photorespiration has been shown to play a role in stress protection. Here, we studied the impact of faster 2-PG degradation through overexpression of 2-PG phosphatase (PGLP) on the abiotic stress-response of Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Two transgenic lines and the wild type were subjected to short-time high light and elevated temperature stress during gas exchange measurements. Furthermore, the same lines were exposed to long-term water shortage and elevated temperature stresses. Faster 2-PG degradation allowed maintenance of photosynthesis at combined light and temperatures stress and under water-limiting conditions. The PGLP-overexpressing lines also showed higher photosynthesis compared to the wild type if grown in high temperatures, which also led to increased starch accumulation and shifts in soluble sugar contents. However, only minor effects were detected on amino and organic acid levels. The wild type responded to elevated temperatures with elevated mRNA and protein levels of photorespiratory enzymes, while the transgenic lines displayed only minor changes. Collectively, these results strengthen our previous hypothesis that a faster photorespiratory metabolism improves tolerance against unfavorable environmental conditions, such as high light intensity and temperature as well as drought. In case of PGLP, the likely mechanism is alleviation of inhibitory feedback of 2-PG onto the Calvin–Benson cycle, facilitating carbon assimilation and accumulation of transitory starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)381-4986115; Fax: +49-(0)381-4986112
| | - Franziska Woitschach
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
- Division of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Rostock, Ernst-Heydemann-Str.6, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Carolin Heise
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, D-18051 Rostock, Germany; (F.W.); (C.H.); (M.H.); (H.B.)
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Singer SD, Soolanayakanahally RY, Foroud NA, Kroebel R. Biotechnological strategies for improved photosynthesis in a future of elevated atmospheric CO 2. PLANTA 2019; 251:24. [PMID: 31784816 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03301-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of photosynthesis using biotechnological approaches has been the focus of much research. It is now vital that these strategies be assessed under future atmospheric conditions. The demand for crop products is expanding at an alarming rate due to population growth, enhanced affluence, increased per capita calorie consumption, and an escalating need for plant-based bioproducts. While solving this issue will undoubtedly involve a multifaceted approach, improving crop productivity will almost certainly provide one piece of the puzzle. The improvement of photosynthetic efficiency has been a long-standing goal of plant biotechnologists as possibly one of the last remaining means of achieving higher yielding crops. However, the vast majority of these studies have not taken into consideration possible outcomes when these plants are grown long-term under the elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) that will be evident in the not too distant future. Due to the considerable effect that CO2 levels have on the photosynthetic process, these assessments should become commonplace as a means of ensuring that research in this field focuses on the most effective approaches for our future climate scenarios. In this review, we discuss the main biotechnological research strategies that are currently underway with the aim of improving photosynthetic efficiency and biomass production/yields in the context of a future of e[CO2], as well as alternative approaches that may provide further photosynthetic benefits under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy D Singer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada.
| | - Raju Y Soolanayakanahally
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Nora A Foroud
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Roland Kroebel
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, Canada
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Zhou Y, Whitney S. Directed Evolution of an Improved Rubisco; In Vitro Analyses to Decipher Fact from Fiction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205019. [PMID: 31658746 PMCID: PMC6834295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inaccuracies in biochemically characterizing the amount and CO2-fixing properties of the photosynthetic enzyme Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase continue to hamper an accurate evaluation of Rubisco mutants selected by directed evolution. Here, we outline an analytical pipeline for accurately quantifying Rubisco content and kinetics that averts the misinterpretation of directed evolution outcomes. Our study utilizes a new T7-promoter regulated Rubisco Dependent Escherichia coli (RDE3) screen to successfully select for the first Rhodobacter sphaeroides Rubisco (RsRubisco) mutant with improved CO2-fixing properties. The RsRubisco contains four amino acid substitutions in the large subunit (RbcL) and an improved carboxylation rate (kcatC, up 27%), carboxylation efficiency (kcatC/Km for CO2, increased 17%), unchanged CO2/O2 specificity and a 40% lower holoenzyme biogenesis capacity. Biochemical analysis of RsRubisco chimers coding one to three of the altered amino acids showed Lys-83-Gln and Arg-252-Leu substitutions (plant RbcL numbering) together, but not independently, impaired holoenzyme (L8S8) assembly. An N-terminal Val-11-Ile substitution did not affect RsRubisco catalysis or assembly, while a Tyr-345-Phe mutation alone conferred the improved kinetics without an effect on RsRubisco production. This study confirms the feasibility of improving Rubisco by directed evolution using an analytical pipeline that can identify false positives and reliably discriminate carboxylation enhancing amino acids changes from those influencing Rubisco biogenesis (solubility).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia.
| | - Spencer Whitney
- Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 134 Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Yang YJ, Zhang SB, Wang JH, Huang W. Photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in field-grown Cerasus cerasoides: A comparison of young and mature leaves. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2019; 1860:148073. [PMID: 31473302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2019.148073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a potential target of photoinhibition under fluctuating light. However, photosynthetic regulation under fluctuating light in field-grown plants is little known. Furthermore, it is unclear how young leaves protect PSI against fluctuating light under natural field conditions. In the present study, we examined chlorophyll fluorescence, P700 redox state and the electrochromic shift signal in the young and mature leaves of field-grown Cerasus cerasoides (Rosaceae). Within the first seconds after any increase in light intensity, young leaves showed higher proton gradient (ΔpH) across the thylakoid membranes than the mature leaves, preventing over-reduction of PSI in the young leaves. As a result, PSI was more tolerant to fluctuating light in the young leaves than in the mature leaves. Interestingly, after transition from low to high light, the activity of cyclic electron flow (CEF) in young leaves increased first to a high level and then decreased to a stable value, while this rapid stimulation of CEF was not observed in the mature leaves. Furthermore, the over-reduction of PSI significantly stimulated CEF in the young leaves but not in the mature leaves. Taken together, within the first seconds after any increase in illumination, the stimulation of CEF favors the rapid lumen acidification and optimizes the PSI redox state in the young leaves, protecting PSI against photoinhibition under fluctuating light in field-grown plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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The interrelation between photorespiration and astaxanthin accumulation in Haematococcus pluvialis using metabolomic analysis. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Broddrick JT, Du N, Smith SR, Tsuji Y, Jallet D, Ware MA, Peers G, Matsuda Y, Dupont CL, Mitchell BG, Palsson BO, Allen AE. Cross-compartment metabolic coupling enables flexible photoprotective mechanisms in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1364-1379. [PMID: 30636322 PMCID: PMC6594073 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoacclimation consists of short- and long-term strategies used by photosynthetic organisms to adapt to dynamic light environments. Observable photophysiology changes resulting from these strategies have been used in coarse-grained models to predict light-dependent growth and photosynthetic rates. However, the contribution of the broader metabolic network, relevant to species-specific strategies and fitness, is not accounted for in these simple models. We incorporated photophysiology experimental data with genome-scale modeling to characterize organism-level, light-dependent metabolic changes in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Oxygen evolution and photon absorption rates were combined with condition-specific biomass compositions to predict metabolic pathway usage for cells acclimated to four different light intensities. Photorespiration, an ornithine-glutamine shunt, and branched-chain amino acid metabolism were hypothesized as the primary intercompartment reductant shuttles for mediating excess light energy dissipation. Additionally, simulations suggested that carbon shunted through photorespiration is recycled back to the chloroplast as pyruvate, a mechanism distinct from known strategies in photosynthetic organisms. Our results suggest a flexible metabolic network in P. tricornutum that tunes intercompartment metabolism to optimize energy transport between the organelles, consuming excess energy as needed. Characterization of these intercompartment reductant shuttles broadens our understanding of energy partitioning strategies in this clade of ecologically important primary producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T. Broddrick
- Division of Biological SciencesUC San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- Department of BioengineeringUC San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Niu Du
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- J. Craig Venter InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
| | | | - Yoshinori Tsuji
- Department of Environmental BioscienceKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669‐1337Japan
| | - Denis Jallet
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Maxwell A. Ware
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Graham Peers
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO80523USA
| | - Yusuke Matsuda
- Department of Environmental BioscienceKwansei Gakuin UniversitySanda669‐1337Japan
| | | | - B. Greg Mitchell
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
| | | | - Andrew E. Allen
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San DiegoLa JollaCA92093USA
- J. Craig Venter InstituteLa JollaCA92037USA
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Kazbar A, Cogne G, Urbain B, Marec H, Le-Gouic B, Tallec J, Takache H, Ismail A, Pruvost J. Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on microalgal culture in photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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39
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Gómez R, Vicino P, Carrillo N, Lodeyro AF. Manipulation of oxidative stress responses as a strategy to generate stress-tolerant crops. From damage to signaling to tolerance. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:693-708. [PMID: 30991845 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1597829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to hostile environmental conditions such as drought or extreme temperatures usually undergo oxidative stress, which has long been assumed to significantly contribute to the damage suffered by the organism. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduced under stress conditions were proposed to destroy membrane lipids and to inactivate proteins and photosystems, ultimately leading to cell death. Accordingly, considerable effort has been devoted, over the years, to improve stress tolerance by strengthening antioxidant and dissipative mechanisms. Although the notion that ROS cause indiscriminate damage in vivo has been progressively replaced by the alternate concept that they act as signaling molecules directing critical plant developmental and environmental responses including cell death, the induction of genes encoding antioxidant activities is commonplace under many environmental stresses, suggesting that their manipulation still offers promise. The features and consequences of ROS effects depend on the balance between various interacting pathways including ROS synthesis and scavenging, energy dissipation, conjugative reactions, and eventually reductive repair. They represent many possibilities for genetic manipulation. We report, herein, a comprehensive survey of transgenic plants in which components of the ROS-associated pathways were overexpressed, and of the stress phenotypes displayed by the corresponding transformants. Genetic engineering of different stages of ROS metabolism such as synthesis, scavenging, and reductive repair revealed a strong correlation between down-regulation of ROS levels and increased stress tolerance in plants grown under controlled conditions. Field assays are scarce, and are eagerly required to assess the possible application of this strategy to agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gómez
- a Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Biología del Estrés en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Paula Vicino
- a Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Biología del Estrés en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- a Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Biología del Estrés en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
| | - Anabella F Lodeyro
- a Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Biología del Estrés en Plantas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET) , Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR) , Rosario , Argentina
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Grandellis C, Garavaglia BS, Gottig N, Lonez C, Ruysschaert JM, Ottado J. DOTAP, a lipidic transfection reagent, triggers Arabidopsis plant defense responses. PLANTA 2019; 249:469-480. [PMID: 30255355 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
DOTAP triggers Arabidopsis thaliana immunity and by priming the defense response is able to reduce bacterial pathogen attack. DOTAP is a cationic lipid widely used as a liposomal transfection reagent and it has recently been identified as a strong activator of the innate immune system in animal cells. Plants are sessile organisms and unlike mammals, that have innate and acquired immunity, plants possess only innate immunity. A key feature of plant immunity is the ability to sense potentially dangerous signals, as it is the case for microbe-associated, pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns and by doing so, trigger an active defense response to cope with the perturbing stimulus. Here, we evaluated the effect of DOTAP in plant basal innate immunity. An initial plant defense response was induced by the cationic lipid DOTAP in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, assessed by callose deposition, reactive oxygen species production, and plant cell death. In addition, a proteomic analysis revealed that these responses are mirrored by changes in the plant proteome, such as up-regulation of proteins related to defense responses, including proteins involved in photorespiration, cysteine and oxylipin synthesis, and oxidative stress response; and down-regulation of enzymes related to photosynthesis. Furthermore, DOTAP was able to prime the defense response for later pathogenic challenges as in the case of the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. Disease outcome was diminished in DOTAP-pre-treated leaves and bacterial growth was reduced 100 times compared to mock leaves. Therefore, DOTAP may be considered a good candidate as an elicitor for the study of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Grandellis
- Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Betiana S Garavaglia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Gottig
- Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Caroline Lonez
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
- Laboratory of Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jorgelina Ottado
- Instituto de Biología Molecular Y Celular de Rosario, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (IBR-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Levey M, Timm S, Mettler-Altmann T, Luca Borghi G, Koczor M, Arrivault S, PM Weber A, Bauwe H, Gowik U, Westhoff P. Efficient 2-phosphoglycolate degradation is required to maintain carbon assimilation and allocation in the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:575-587. [PMID: 30357386 PMCID: PMC6322630 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is indispensable for oxygenic photosynthesis since it detoxifies and recycles 2-phosphoglycolate (2PG), which is the primary oxygenation product of Rubisco. However, C4 plant species typically display very low rates of photorespiration due to their efficient biochemical carbon-concentrating mechanism. Thus, the broader relevance of photorespiration in these organisms remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the importance of a functional photorespiratory pathway in the C4 plant Flaveria bidentis using knockdown of the first enzymatic step, namely 2PG phosphatase (PGLP). The isolated RNAi lines showed strongly reduced amounts of PGLP protein, but distinct signs of the photorespiratory phenotype only emerged below 5% residual PGLP protein. Lines with this characteristic were stunted in growth, had strongly increased 2PG content, exhibited accelerated leaf senescence, and accumulated high amounts of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, which are both characteristics of incipient carbon starvation. Oxygen-dependent gas-exchange measurements consistently suggested the cumulative impairment of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate regeneration with increased photorespiratory pressure. Our results indicate that photorespiration is essential for maintaining high rates of C4 photosynthesis by preventing the 2PG-mediated inhibition of carbon utilization efficiency. However, considerably higher 2PG accumulation can be tolerated compared to equivalent lines of C3 plants due to the differential distribution of specific enzymatic steps between the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles Levey
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tabea Mettler-Altmann
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gian Luca Borghi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Germany
| | - Maria Koczor
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Arrivault
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas PM Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS) Plant Metabolism and Metabolomics Laboratory, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- University of Rostock, Plant Physiology Department, Albert-Einstein-Straße, Rostock, Germany
| | - Udo Gowik
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Westhoff
- Institute of Plant Molecular and Developmental Biology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Tirumani S, Gothandam KM, J Rao B. Coordination between photorespiration and carbon concentrating mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: transcript and protein changes during light-dark diurnal cycles and mixotrophy conditions. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:117-130. [PMID: 29987443 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) and photorespiration (PR) are interlinked and co-regulated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but conditions where co-regulation alters are not sufficiently explored. Here, we uncover that PR gene transcripts, like CCM transcripts, are induced even in the dark when both processes are not active. Such diurnal cycles show that transcript levels peak in the middle of 12 h day, decline by early part of 12-h dark followed by their onset again at mid-dark. Interestingly, the onset in the mid-dark phase is sensitive to high CO2, implying that the active carbon sensing mechanism operates even in the dark. The rhythmic alterations of both CCM and PR transcript levels are unlinked to circadian clock: the "free-running state" reveals no discernible rhythmicity in transcript changes. Only continuous light leads to high transcript levels but no detectable transcripts were observed in continuous dark. Asynchronous continuous light cultures, upon shifting to low from high CO2 exhibit only transient induction of PR transcripts/proteins while CCM transcript induction is stable, indicating the loss of co-regulation between PR and CCM gene transcription. Lastly, we also describe that both CCM and PR transcripts/proteins are induced in low CO2 even in mixotrophic cultures, but only in high light, the same being attenuated in high CO2, implying that high light is a mandatory "trigger" for CCM and PR induction in low CO2 mixotrophy. Our study provides comprehensive analyses of conditions where CCM and PR were differently regulated, setting a paradigm for a detailed mechanistic probing of these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tirumani
- B-202, Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - K M Gothandam
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Basuthkar J Rao
- B-202, Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai, 400005, India.
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Karkambadi Road, Mangalam (B.O.), Tirupati, AP, 517507, India.
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Wei L, El Hajjami M, Shen C, You W, Lu Y, Li J, Jing X, Hu Q, Zhou W, Poetsch A, Xu J. Transcriptomic and proteomic responses to very low CO 2 suggest multiple carbon concentrating mechanisms in Nannochloropsis oceanica. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:168. [PMID: 31297156 PMCID: PMC6599299 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1506-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In industrial oleaginous microalgae such as Nannochloropsis spp., the key components of the carbon concentration mechanism (CCM) machineries are poorly defined, and how they are mobilized to facilitate cellular utilization of inorganic carbon remains elusive. RESULTS For Nannochloropsis oceanica, to unravel genes specifically induced by CO2 depletion which are thus potentially underpinning its CCMs, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome profiles were tracked over 0 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h during cellular response from high CO2 level (HC; 50,000 ppm) to very low CO2 (VLC; 100 ppm). The activity of a biophysical CCM is evidenced based on induction of transcripts encoding a bicarbonate transporter and two carbonic anhydrases under VLC. Moreover, the presence of a potential biochemical CCM is supported by the upregulation of a number of key C4-like pathway enzymes in both protein abundance and enzymatic activity under VLC, consistent with a mitochondria-implicated C4-based CCM. Furthermore, a basal CCM underpinned by VLC-induced upregulation of photorespiration and downregulation of ornithine-citrulline shuttle and the ornithine urea cycles is likely present, which may be responsible for efficient recycling of mitochondrial CO2 for chloroplastic carbon fixation. CONCLUSIONS Nannochloropsis oceanica appears to mobilize a comprehensive set of CCMs in response to very low CO2. Its genes induced by the stress are quite distinct from those of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, suggesting tightly regulated yet rather unique CCMs. These findings can serve the first step toward rational engineering of the CCMs for enhanced carbon fixation and biomass productivity in industrial microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed El Hajjami
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Chen Shen
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wuxin You
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Yandu Lu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jing
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Chemical Biology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX USA
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong China
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
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Shim SH, Lee SK, Lee DW, Brilhaus D, Wu G, Ko S, Lee CH, Weber AP, Jeon JS. Loss of Function of Rice Plastidic Glycolate/Glycerate Translocator 1 Impairs Photorespiration and Plant Growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1726. [PMID: 32038690 PMCID: PMC6993116 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, the key enzyme of photosynthetic carbon fixation, is able to accept both O2 and CO2 as substrates. When it fixes O2, it produces 2-phosphoglycolate, which is detoxified by photorespiration and recycled to the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle. To complete photorespiration, metabolite transport across three organelles, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria, is necessary through transmembrane transporters. In rice (Oryza sativa) little is known about photorespiratory transmembrane transporters. Here, we identified the rice plastidic glycolate/glycerate translocator 1 (OsPLGG1), a homolog of Arabidopsis PLGG1. OsPLGG1 mutant lines, osplgg1-1, osplgg1-2, and osplgg1-3, showed a growth retardation phenotype, such as pale green leaf, reduced tiller number, and reduced seed grain weight as well as reduced photosynthetic carbon reduction rate due to low activities of photosystem I and II. The plant growth retardation in osplgg1 mutants was rescued under high CO2 condition. Subcellular localization of OsPLGG1-GFP fusion protein, along with its predicted N-terminal transmembrane domain, confirmed that OsPLGG1 is a chloroplast transmembrane protein. Metabolite analysis indicated significant accumulation of photorespiratory metabolites, especially glycolate and glycerate, which have been shown to be transported by the Arabidopsis PLGG1, and changes for a number of metabolites which are not intermediates of photorespiration in the mutants. These results suggest that OsPLGG1 is the functional plastidic glycolate/glycerate transporter, which is necessary for photorespiration and growth in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyeon Shim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Dae-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Dominik Brilhaus
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guangxi Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sooyeon Ko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Choon-Hwan Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Andreas P.M. Weber
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jong-Seong Jeon,
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Reinholdt O, Bauwe H, Hagemann M, Timm S. Redox-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism through thioredoxin o1 facilitates light induction of photosynthesis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1674607. [PMID: 31589099 PMCID: PMC6866678 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1674607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-known biochemistry of the major pathways involved in central carbon and amino acid metabolism, there are still gaps regarding their regulation or regulatory interactions. Recent research demonstrated the physiological significance of the mitochondrial redox machinery, particularly thioredoxin o1 (TRXo1), for proper regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and photorespiration. These findings imply that TRXo1 regulation contributes to the metabolic acclimation toward changes in the prevailing environmental conditions. Here, we analyzed if TRXo1 is involved in the light induction of photosynthesis. Our results show that the trxo1 mutant activates CO2 assimilation rates to a significantly lower extend than wild type in response to short-term light/dark changes. Metabolite analysis suggests that activation of glycine-to-serine conversion catalyzed through glycine decarboxylase in conjunction with serine hydroxymethyltransferase in trxo1 is slowed down at onset of illumination. We propose that redox regulation via TRXo1 is necessary to allow the rapid induction of mitochondrial steps of the photorespiratory cycle and, in turn, to facilitate light-induction of photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Reinholdt
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Bauwe
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hagemann
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Timm
- Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- CONTACT Stefan Timm Plant Physiology Department, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Santos IR, Maximiano MR, Almeida RF, da Cunha RNV, Lopes R, Scherwinski-Pereira JE, Mehta A. Genotype-dependent changes of gene expression during somatic embryogenesis in oil palm hybrids (Elaeis oleifera x E. guineensis). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209445. [PMID: 30596686 PMCID: PMC6312368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the molecular processes triggered during the different steps of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in oil palm, the expression of 19 genes associated to SE identified in proteomic and transcriptomic studies was investigated by qRT-PCR. To evaluate the differential expression of these genes, two interspecific hybrid genotypes (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) contrasting for the acquisition of embryogenic competence were used. Aclorophyllated leaves of both hybrids, one responsive (B351733) and the other non-responsive (B352933) to SE were submitted to callus induction and collected at different time points: 0 (before induction), 14, 30, 90 and 150 days of callus induction (doi). The results obtained showed that all evaluated genes were downregulated at 14 doi in the responsive genotype when compared to the non-responsive. It was also possible to observe that most of the genes changed their expression behavior at 30 doi and were upregulated thereafter until 150 doi, with the exception of the pathogenesis-related PRB1-3-like (PRB1-3) gene, which did not show differential expression at 30 doi and was downregulated at 90 and 150 doi when compared to the non-responsive hybrid. These results indicate that 30 doi is a turning point in gene expression, probably associated to embryogenic competence acquisition. We also show that the expression behavior of the responsive genotype is more stable than that of the non-responsive when the different induction time points are compared to 0 doi (before induction). Moreover, the results obtained in this study corroborate our hypothesis that the regulation of genes involved in the control of oxidative stress and energy metabolism are crucial for the acquisition of embryogenic competence in oil palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonaldo Reis Santos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília—DF, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rocha Maximiano
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Imunologia e DIP/Genética e Biotecnologia), Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael Ferreira Almeida
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília—DF, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Angela Mehta
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Wang T, Li S, Chen D, Xi Y, Xu X, Ye N, Zhang J, Peng X, Zhu G. Impairment of FtsHi5 Function Affects Cellular Redox Balance and Photorespiratory Metabolism in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:2526-2535. [PMID: 30137570 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Photorespiration is an essential process for plant photosynthesis, development and growth in aerobic conditions. Recent studies have shown that photorespiration is an open system integrated with the plant primary metabolism network and intracellular redox systems, though the mechanisms of regulating photorespiration are far from clear. Through a forward genetic method, we identified a photorespiratory mutant pr1 (photorespiratory related 1), which produced a chlorotic and smaller photorespiratory growth phenotype with decreased chlorophyll content and accumulation of glycine and serine in ambient air. Morphological and physiological defects in pr1 plants can be largely abolished under elevated CO2 conditions. Genetic mapping and complementation confirmed that PR1 encodes an FtsH (Filamentation temperature-sensitive H)-like protein, FtsHi5. Reduced FtsHi5 expression in DEX-induced RNAi transgenic plants produced a similar growth phenotype with pr1 (ftsHi5-1). Transcriptome analysis suggested a changed expression pattern of redox-related genes and an increased expression of senescence-related genes in DEX: RNAi-FtsHi5 seedlings. Together with the observation that decreased accumulation of D1 and D2 proteins of photosystem II (PSII) and over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ftsHi5 mutants, we hypothesize that FtsHi5 functions in maintaining the cellular redox balance and thus regulates photorespiratory metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihui Li
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xi
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nenghui Ye
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xinxiang Peng
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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48
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Huma B, Kundu S, Poolman MG, Kruger NJ, Fell DA. Stoichiometric analysis of the energetics and metabolic impact of photorespiration in C3 plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:1228-1241. [PMID: 30257035 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the impact of photorespiration on plant metabolism is usually based on manual inspection of small network diagrams. Here we create a structural metabolic model that contains the reactions that participate in photorespiration in the plastid, peroxisome, mitochondrion and cytosol, and the metabolite exchanges between them. This model was subjected to elementary flux modes analysis, a technique that enumerates all the component, minimal pathways of a network. Any feasible photorespiratory metabolism in the plant will be some combination of the elementary flux modes (EFMs) that contain the Rubisco oxygenase reaction. Amongst the EFMs we obtained was the classic photorespiratory cycle, but there were also modes that involve photorespiration coupled with mitochondrial metabolism and ATP production, the glutathione-ascorbate cycle and nitrate reduction to ammonia. The modes analysis demonstrated the underlying basis of the metabolic linkages with photorespiration that have been inferred experimentally. The set of reactions common to all the elementary modes showed good agreement with the gene products of mutants that have been reported to have a defective phenotype in photorespiratory conditions. Finally, the set of modes provided a formal demonstration that photorespiration itself does not impact on the CO2 :O2 ratio (assimilation quotient), except in those modes associated with concomitant nitrate reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benazir Huma
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata, 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudip Kundu
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata, 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Mark G Poolman
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 OBP, UK
| | - Nicholas J Kruger
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - David A Fell
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Headington, Oxford, OX3 OBP, UK
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Zhang Y, Fernie AR. On the role of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in plant productivity. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1199-1216. [PMID: 29917310 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is one of the canonical energy pathways of living systems, as well as being an example of a pathway in which dynamic enzyme assemblies, or metabolons, are well characterized. The role of the enzymes have been the subject of saturated transgenesis approaches, whereby the expression of the constituent enzymes were reduced or knocked out in order to ascertain their in vivo function. Some of the resultant plants exhibited improved photosynthesis and plant growth, under controlled greenhouse conditions. In addition, overexpression of the endogenous genes, or heterologous forms of a number of the enzymes, has been carried out in tomato fruit and the roots of a range of species, and in some instances improvement in fruit yield and postharvest properties and plant performance, under nutrient limitation, have been reported, respectively. Given a number of variants, in nature, we discuss possible synthetic approaches involving introducing these variants, or at least a subset of them, into plants. We additionally discuss the likely consequences of introducing synthetic metabolons, wherein certain pairs of reactions are artificially permanently assembled into plants, and speculate as to future strategies to further improve plant productivity by manipulation of the core metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjun Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant System Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Tomeo NJ, Rosenthal DM. Photorespiration differs among Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes and is correlated with photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5191-5204. [PMID: 30053111 PMCID: PMC6184796 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A greater understanding of natural variation in photosynthesis will inform strategies for crop improvement by revealing overlooked opportunities. We use Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes as a model system to assess (i) how photosynthesis and photorespiration covary and (ii) how mesophyll conductance influences water use efficiency (WUE). Phenotypic variation in photorespiratory CO2 efflux was correlated with assimilation rates and two metrics of photosynthetic capacity (i.e. VCmax and Jmax); however, genetic correlations were not detected between photosynthesis and photorespiration. We found standing genetic variation-as broad-sense heritability-for most photosynthetic traits, including photorespiration. Genetic correlation between photosynthetic electron transport and carboxylation capacities indicates that these traits are genetically constrained. Winter ecotypes had greater mesophyll conductance, maximum carboxylation capacity, maximum electron transport capacity, and leaf structural robustness when compared with spring ecotypes. Stomatal conductance varied little in winter ecotypes, leading to a positive correlation between integrated WUE and mesophyll conductance. Thus, variation in mesophyll conductance can modulate WUE among A. thaliana ecotypes without a significant loss in assimilation. Genetic correlations between traits supplying energy and carbon to the Calvin-Benson cycle are consistent with biochemical models, suggesting that selection on either of these traits would improve all of them. Similarly, the lack of a genetic correlation between photosynthesis and photorespiration suggests that the positive scaling of these two traits can be broken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Tomeo
- Ohio University, Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Athens, OH, USA
| | - David M Rosenthal
- Ohio University, Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Athens, OH, USA
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