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Cheng B, Tao N, Ma Y, Chai H, Liu P, Chen W, Zhao Y. Overexpression of the Capebp2 Gene Encoding the PEBP-like Protein Promotes the Cap Redifferentiation in Cyclocybe aegerita. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:657. [PMID: 37367593 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) is widely involved in various physiological behaviors, such as the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth in plants, tumorigenesis in the human, etc. However, few functional studies have examined pebp genes affecting the development of fungi. In this study, Capebp2 was cloned from Cyclocybe aegerita AC0007 strains based on the genome sequence and gene prediction, and the sequence alignment of CaPEBP2 with other PEBP proteins from other biological sources including plant, animal, fungi, and bacteria indicated that PEBP had low sequence similarity in fungi, whereas all protein sequences had some conserved motifs such as DPDAP and HRY. Expression analysis showed the transcription level of Capebp2 increased approximately 20-fold in fruiting bodies compared with mycelia. To uncover the function of Capebp2 in C. aegetita development, Capebp2 was cloned into a pATH vector driven by the actin promoter for obtaining overexpression transformant lines. Fruiting experiments showed the transformed strains overexpressing Capebp2 exhibited redifferentiation of the cap on their surface, including intact fruiting bodies or partial lamella during fruiting development stage, and the longitudinal section indicated that all regenerated bodies or lamella sprouted from the flesh and shared the epidermis with the mother fruiting bodies. In summary, the sequence characterization of Capebp2, expression level during different development stages, and function on fruiting body development were documented in this study, and these findings provided a reference to study the role of pebp in the development process of basidiomycetes. Importantly, gene mining of pebp, function characterization, and the regulating pathways involved need to be uncovered in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bopu Cheng
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Nan Tao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yuanhao Ma
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Hongmei Chai
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650223, China
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650223, China
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2
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Martignago D, da Silveira Falavigna V, Lombardi A, Gao H, Korwin Kurkowski P, Galbiati M, Tonelli C, Coupland G, Conti L. The bZIP transcription factor AREB3 mediates FT signalling and floral transition at the Arabidopsis shoot apical meristem. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010766. [PMID: 37186640 PMCID: PMC10212096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The floral transition occurs at the shoot apical meristem (SAM) in response to favourable external and internal signals. Among these signals, variations in daylength (photoperiod) act as robust seasonal cues to activate flowering. In Arabidopsis, long-day photoperiods stimulate production in the leaf vasculature of a systemic florigenic signal that is translocated to the SAM. According to the current model, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), the main Arabidopsis florigen, causes transcriptional reprogramming at the SAM, so that lateral primordia eventually acquire floral identity. FT functions as a transcriptional coregulator with the bZIP transcription factor FD, which binds DNA at specific promoters. FD can also interact with TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), a protein related to FT that acts as a floral repressor. Thus, the balance between FT-TFL1 at the SAM influences the expression levels of floral genes targeted by FD. Here, we show that the FD-related bZIP transcription factor AREB3, which was previously studied in the context of phytohormone abscisic acid signalling, is expressed at the SAM in a spatio-temporal pattern that strongly overlaps with FD and contributes to FT signalling. Mutant analyses demonstrate that AREB3 relays FT signals redundantly with FD, and the presence of a conserved carboxy-terminal SAP motif is required for downstream signalling. AREB3 shows unique and common patterns of expression with FD, and AREB3 expression levels are negatively regulated by FD thus forming a compensatory feedback loop. Mutations in another bZIP, FDP, further aggravate the late flowering phenotypes of fd areb3 mutants. Therefore, multiple florigen-interacting bZIP transcription factors have redundant functions in flowering at the SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Martignago
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - He Gao
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Massimo Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tonelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucio Conti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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3
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Hasan N, Tokuhara N, Noda T, Kotoda N. Molecular characterization of Satsuma mandarin ( Citrus unshiu Marc.) VASCULAR PLANT ONE-ZINC FINGER2 (CuVOZ2) interacting with CuFT1 and CuFT3. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:51-62. [PMID: 38213920 PMCID: PMC10777139 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Shortening the juvenility is a burning issue in breeding fruit trees such as Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). Decreasing the breeding period requires a comprehensive understanding of the flowering process in woody plants. Throughout the Arabidopsis flowering system, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) interacts with other transcription factors (TFs) and functions as a transmissible floral inducer. In a previous study, a VASCULAR PLANT ONE-ZINC FINGER1 (VOZ1)-like TF from the Satsuma mandarin, CuVOZ1, showed protein-protein interaction with two citrus FTs in a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system and precocious flowering in Arabidopsis. In this study, another VOZ, CuVOZ2, was isolated from the Satsuma mandarin 'Aoshima' and protein-protein interaction was confirmed between CuVOZ2 and CuFTs. No apical meristem (NAM) and zinc coordination motifs were identified within the N-terminal of CuVOZ2. Docking simulation predicted that interactions between CuVOZ2 and CuFTs might occur in domain B of CuVOZ2, which contains a zinc finger motif. According to docking predictions, the distances between the amino acid residues involved ranged from 1.09 to 4.37 Å, indicating weak Van der Waals forces in the interaction. Cys216, Cys221, Cys235, and His239 in CuVOZ2 were suggested to bond with a Zn2+ in the Zn coordination motif. Ectopic expression of 35SΩ:CuVOZ2 in Arabidopsis affected the flowering time, length of inflorescence and internode, and number of siliques, suggesting that CuVOZ2 might regulate both vegetative and reproductive development, act as a trigger for early flowering, and be involved in the elongation of inflorescence possibly in a slightly different way than CuVOZ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Hasan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Naoki Tokuhara
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Noda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kotoda
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Health Sciences, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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4
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Li J, Wang D, Sun S, Sun L, Zong J, Lei Y, Yu J, Liang W, Zhang D. The regulatory role of CARBON STARVED ANTHER-mediated photoperiod-dependent male fertility in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:955-971. [PMID: 35274732 PMCID: PMC9157076 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental signals, especially daylength, play important roles in determining fertility in photoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile (PGMS) lines that are critical to sustain production of high-yielding hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. However, the mechanisms by which PGMS lines perceive changes in photoperiod and transmit those signals to elicit downstream effects are not well understood. In this study, we compared the transcriptomes from the leaves and anthers of carbon starved anther (csa), a PGMS line, to wild-type (WT) tissues under different photoperiods. Components of circadian clock in the leaves, including Circadian Clock-Associated 1 and Pseudo-Response Regulator (PRR95), played vital roles in sensing the photoperiod signals. Photoperiod signals were weakly transduced to anthers, where gene expression was mainly controlled by the CSA allele. CSA played a critical role in regulating sugar metabolism and cell wall synthesis in anthers under short-day conditions, and transcription of key genes inducing csa-directed sterility was upregulated under long-day (LD) conditions though not to WT levels, revealing a mechanism to explain the partial restoration of fertility in rice under LD conditions. Eight direct targets of CSA regulation were identified, all of which were genes involved in sugar metabolism and transport (cell wall invertases, SWEETs, and monosaccharide transporters) expressed only in reproductive tissues. Several hub genes coordinating the effects of CSA regulation were identified as critical elements determining WT male fertility and further analysis of these and related genes will reveal insights into how CSA coordinates sugar metabolism, cell wall biosynthesis, and photoperiod sensing in rice anther development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbin Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duoxiang Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyu Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Lei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, Australia
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5
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Tang M, Bai X, Wang J, Chen T, Meng X, Deng H, Li C, Xu ZF. Efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction in woody perennial species of the Jatropha genus depends on transport distance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:189-201. [PMID: 34505154 PMCID: PMC8755054 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) promotes flowering by integrating six genetic pathways. In Arabidopsis, the FT protein is transported from leaves to shoot apices and induces flowering. However, contradictory conclusions about floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees were reported in previous studies. We obtained extremely early-flowering transgenic woody Jatropha curcas L. by overexpression of J. curcas FT using Arabidopsis thaliana SUCROSE TRANSPORTER 2 (SUC2) promoter (SUC2:JcFT) and non-flowering transgenic J. curcas by RNA interference (RNAi), which were used to investigate the function of graft-transmitted JcFT in floral induction in woody perennials. Scions from five wild-type species of the Jatropha genus and from JcFT-RNAi transgenic J. curcas were grafted onto SUC2:JcFT rootstocks. Most grafted plants produced flowers in 1-2 months, and the flowering percentage and frequency of various grafted plants decreased with increasing scion length. Consistently, FT protein abundance in scions also decreased with increasing distance from graft junctions to the buds. These findings suggest that FT proteins can be transmitted by grafting and can induce the floral transition in woody perennials, and the efficiency of graft-transmitted JcFT for floral induction depends on the scion length, which may help explain previous seemingly contradictory observations regarding floral induction via graft-transmitted FT in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jingxian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Chaoqiong Li
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Wenchang Street, Zhoukou, Henan 466001, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Corresponding authors: M. Tang (), Z.-F. Xu ()
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6
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Zhang P, Li X, Wang Y, Guo W, Chachar S, Riaz A, Geng Y, Gu X, Yang L. PRMT6 physically associates with nuclear factor Y to regulate photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis. ABIOTECH 2021; 2:403-414. [PMID: 36304422 PMCID: PMC9590495 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-021-00065-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The timing of floral transition is critical for reproductive success in flowering plants. In long-day (LD) plant Arabidopsis, the floral regulator gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) is a major component of the mobile florigen. FT expression is rhythmically activated by CONSTANS (CO), and specifically accumulated at dusk of LDs. However, the underlying mechanism of adequate regulation of FT transcription in response to day-length cues to warrant flowering time still remains to be investigated. Here, we identify a homolog of human protein arginine methyltransferases 6 (HsPRMT6) in Arabidopsis, and confirm AtPRMT6 physically interacts with three positive regulators of flowering Nuclear Factors YC3 (NF-YC3), NF-YC9, and NF-YB3. Further investigations find that AtPRMT6 and its encoding protein accumulate at dusk of LDs. PRMT6-mediated H3R2me2a modification enhances the promotion of NF-YCs on FT transcription in response to inductive LD signals. Moreover, AtPRMT6 and its homologues proteins AtPRMT4a and AtPRMT4b coordinately inhibit the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C, a suppressor of FT. Taken together, our study reveals the role of arginine methylation in photoperiodic pathway and how the PRMT6-mediating H3R2me2a system interacts with NF-CO module to dynamically control FT expression and facilitate flowering time. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-021-00065-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingxian Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Xiulan Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Weijun Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Adeel Riaz
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yuke Geng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xiaofeng Gu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Liwen Yang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, 100081 China
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7
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Zhu Y, Klasfeld S, Wagner D. Molecular regulation of plant developmental transitions and plant architecture via PEPB family proteins: an update on mechanism of action. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2301-2311. [PMID: 33449083 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This year marks the 100th anniversary of the experiments by Garner and Allard that showed that plants measure the duration of the night and day (the photoperiod) to time flowering. This discovery led to the identification of Flowering Locus T (FT) in Arabidopsis and Heading Date 3a (Hd3a) in rice as a mobile signal that promotes flowering in tissues distal to the site of cue perception. FT/Hd3a belong to the family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (PEBPs). Collectively, these proteins control plant developmental transitions and plant architecture. Several excellent recent reviews have focused on the roles of PEBPs in diverse plant species; here we will primarily highlight recent advances that enhance our understanding of the mechanism of action of PEBPs and discuss critical open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhu
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Samantha Klasfeld
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Jiang M, Wang J, Rui M, Yang L, Shen J, Chu H, Song S, Chen Y. OsFTIP7 determines metallic oxide nanoparticles response and tolerance by regulating auxin biosynthesis in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123946. [PMID: 33264991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The widely application of metallic oxide nanoparticles (NPs) has led to an increase in their accumulation in farmland. Previous studies have found that the metallic oxide NPs have negative effect on plants development and growth. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism of response to metallic oxide NPs in rice remains elusive. In this study, we show that rice FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 7 (OsFTIP7) plays an essential role in NPs of CuO and ZnO-mediated physiological and biochemical changes in rice. Loss of function of OsFTIP7 reduced the toxicity of the NPs of CuO and ZnO to the seedlings by accumulating more biomass and chlorophyll contents. Furthermore, after high exposure to metallic oxide NPs, more indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were determined in Osftip7 with higher expression of auxin biosynthetic genes than the control seedlings. What's more, IAA-treated seedlings displayed the similar phenotype as Osftip7 under high concentrations of NPs of CuO and ZnO. Taken together, the results substantiate that OsFTIP7 is involved in metallic oxide nanoparticle-mediated physiological and biochemical changes by negatively regulating auxin biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mengmeng Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lijia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huangwei Chu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and Cultivation, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shiyong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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9
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Hu Q, Zeng M, Wang M, Huang X, Li J, Feng C, Xuan L, Liu L, Huang G. Family-Wide Evaluation of Multiple C2 Domain and Transmembrane Region Protein in Gossypium hirsutum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767667. [PMID: 34759949 PMCID: PMC8573151 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) are a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins and show emerging roles in mediating protein trafficking and signaling transduction. Although, several studies showed that MCTPs play important roles during plant growth and development, their biological functions in cotton remain largely unknown. Here, we identify and characterize 33 GhMCTP genes from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and reveal the diverse expression patterns of GhMCTPs in various tissues. We also find that GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17 are highly expressed in the main stem apex, suggesting their possible roles in shoot development. Through analyzing different cotton species, we discover plant heights are closely related to the expression levels of GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17. Furthermore, we silence the expression of GhMCTP genes using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system in cotton and find that GhMCTP7, GhMCTP12, and GhMCTP17 play an essential role in shoot meristem development. GhMCTPs interact with GhKNAT1 and GhKNAT2 and regulate meristem development through integrating multiple signal pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrate functional redundancy of GhMCTPs in cotton shoot meristem development and provide a valuable resource to further study various functions of GhMCTPs in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhui Feng
- Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijie Xuan
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Lu Liu,
| | - Gengqing Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Ürümqi, China
- *Correspondence: Gengqing Huang,
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10
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Serrano-Bueno G, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Valverde F. Photoperiodic Signaling and Senescence, an Ancient Solution to a Modern Problem? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:634393. [PMID: 33777070 PMCID: PMC7988197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.634393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The length of the day (photoperiod) is a robust seasonal signal originated by earth orbital and translational movements, a resilient external cue to the global climate change, and a predictable hint to initiate or complete different developmental programs. In eukaryotic algae, the gene expression network that controls the cellular response to photoperiod also regulates other basic physiological functions such as starch synthesis or redox homeostasis. Land plants, evolving in a novel and demanding environment, imbued these external signals within the regulatory networks controlling organogenesis and developmental programs. Unlike algae that largely have to deal with cellular physical cues, within the course of evolution land plants had to transfer this external information from the receiving organs to the target tissues, and mobile signals such as hormones were recruited and incorporated in the regulomes. Control of senescence by photoperiod, as suggested in this perspective, would be an accurate way to feed seasonal information into a newly developed function (senescence) using an ancient route (photoperiodic signaling). This way, the plant would assure that two coordinated aspects of development such as flowering and organ senescence were sequentially controlled. As in the case of senescence, there is growing evidence to support the idea that harnessing the reliability of photoperiod regulation over other, more labile signaling pathways could be used as a robust breeding tool to enhance plants against the harmful effects of climate change.
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11
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Borovsky Y, Mohan V, Shabtai S, Paran I. CaFT-LIKE is a flowering promoter in pepper and functions as florigen in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 301:110678. [PMID: 33218641 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We identified a pepper late-flowering mutant that is disrupted in the sequence of CaFT-LIKE, the ortholog of tomato SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS (SFT). Heterologous expression in tomato indicated that CaFT-LIKE has a conserved function as a flowering promoter and can rescue the wild-type phenotype of the tomato sft mutant. CaFT-LIKE confers a graft-transmissible signal for flowering initiation in tomato, implicating its function as a florigen. To test the relationship between CaFT-LIKE and FASCICULATE (FA), the ortholog of tomato SELF PRUNING (SP), we constructed the double mutant Caft-like fa. The phenotype of Caft-like fa resembled that of Caft-like, indicating epistasis of Caft-like over fa in controlling flowering time and sympodial shoot structure. To examine the association between the expression pattern of flowering genes and natural variation in flowering time, the expression levels of CaFT-LIKE and the flowering repressor CaAP2 were determined in a panel of early-flowering cultivars and late-flowering landraces and wild accessions. Strong positive and negative correlations between flowering time and expression levels of CaAP2 and CaFT-LIKE, respectively, were observed, indicating that high-expression alleles of CaFT-LIKE and low-expression alleles of CaAP2 were selected for early flowering during pepper domestication and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Borovsky
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Vijee Mohan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sara Shabtai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Ilan Paran
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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12
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Liu L, Zhang Y, Yu H. Florigen trafficking integrates photoperiod and temperature signals in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1385-1398. [PMID: 32729982 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The transition to flowering is the most dramatic phase change in flowering plants and is crucial for reproductive success. A complex regulatory network in plants has evolved to perceive and integrate the endogenous and environmental signals. These signals perceived, including day length and temperature, converge to regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which encodes a mobile stimulus required for floral induction in Arabidopsis. Despite the discovery of modulation of FT messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ambient temperature, whether the trafficking of FT protein is controlled in response to changes in growth temperature is so far unknown. Here, we show that FT transport from companion cells to sieve elements is controlled in a temperature-dependent manner. This process is mediated by multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs) and a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE). Our findings suggest that ambient temperatures regulate both FT mRNA expression and FT protein trafficking to prevent precocious flowering at low temperatures and ensure plant reproductive success under favorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
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13
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Zhao S, Wei Y, Pang H, Xu J, Li Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Genome-wide identification of the PEBP genes in pears and the putative role of PbFT in flower bud differentiation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8928. [PMID: 32296611 PMCID: PMC7151754 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) genes have been identified in several plants, little is known about PEBP genes in pears. In this study, a total of 24 PEBP genes were identified, in which 10, 5 and 9 were from Pyrus bretschneideri genome, Pyrus communis genome and Pyrus betuleafolia genome, respectively. Subsequently, gene structure, phylogenetic relationship, chromosomal localization, promoter regions, collinearity and expression were determined with these PEBP genes. It was found that only PbFT from PEBP genes of P. bretschneideri was relatively highly expressed in leaves during flower bud differentiation. Whereas, expression patterns of TFL1 homologues, gene23124 and gene16540, were different from PbFT in buds. The expression pattern and the treatment of reduction day-length indicated that the expression of PbFT in leaves were regulated by day-length and circadian clock. Additionally, the phenotype of transgenic Arabidopsis suggested that PbFT played a role in not only promoting flower bud differentiation, but also regulating the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth. These results may provide important information for further understanding of the evolution and function of PEBP genes in pears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yarui Wei
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Hongguang Pang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yingli Li
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jianguang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Yuxing Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
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14
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Zhu M, Yan B, Hu Y, Cui Z, Wang X. Genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of rice FTIP gene family. Genomics 2020; 112:3803-3814. [PMID: 32145381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN (FTIP) gene family in rice are the members of multiple C2 domain and transmembrane region proteins (MCTPs). There are many homologs of OsFTIPs in plants; however, the bioinformatics of them remains unclear. In the studies, 13 OsFTIP genes are identified in rice. OsFTIPs are unevenly located in 12 chromosomes. The OsFTIPs are phylogenetically divided into three clades. Cis-elements respond to abiotic stress, light, and hormones are found in the promoter region of OsFTIPs which are induced by the stimuli. All OsFTIPs are expressed with different profiles. Syntenic analysis of 128 OsFTIPs and FTIP-like homologs reveals that various number of gene pairs are identified between rice and other species. The 128 FTIP-like homologs are divided into six groups which fall into three classes. Ten motifs are shared by most OsFTIPs and their homologs. The studies provide a theoretical basis for further elucidating the functions of OsFTIP gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Bowen Yan
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Yanjuan Hu
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Zhibo Cui
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.
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15
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Bao S, Hua C, Shen L, Yu H. New insights into gibberellin signaling in regulating flowering in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:118-131. [PMID: 31785071 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, floral transition is a key developmental transition from the vegetative to reproductive growth, and requires precise regulation to maximize the reproductive success. A complex regulatory network governs this transition through integrating flowering pathways in response to multiple exogenous and endogenous cues. Phytohormones are essential for proper plant developmental regulation and have been extensively studied for their involvement in the floral transition. Among various phytohormones, gibberellin (GA) plays a major role in affecting flowering in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The GA pathway interact with other flowering genetic pathways and phytohormone signaling pathways through either DELLA proteins or mediating GA homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of DELLA-mediated GA pathway in flowering time control in Arabidopsis, and discuss its possible link with other phytohormone pathways during the floral transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Bao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Changmei Hua
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lisha Shen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
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16
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Song GQ, Walworth A, Lin T, Chen Q, Han X, Irina Zaharia L, Zhong GY. VcFT-induced mobile florigenic signals in transgenic and transgrafted blueberries. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:105. [PMID: 31645960 PMCID: PMC6804590 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) can promote early flowering in annual species, but such role has not been well demonstrated in woody species. We produced self and reciprocal grafts involving non-transgenic blueberry (NT) and transgenic blueberry (T) carrying a 35S-driven blueberry FT (VcFT-OX). We demonstrated that the transgenic VcFT-OX rootstock promoted flowering of non-transgenic blueberry scions in the NT (scion):T (rootstock) grafts. We further analyzed RNA-Seq profiles and six groups of phytohormones in both NT:T and NT:NT plants. We observed content changes of several hormone metabolites, in a descending order, in the transgenic NT:T, non-transgenic NT:T, and non-transgenic NT:NT leaves. By comparing differential expression transcripts (DETs) of these tissues in relative to their control, we found that the non-transgenic NT:T leaves had many DETs shared with the transgenic NT:T leaves, but very few with the transgenic NT:T roots. Interestingly, a number of these shared DETs belong to hormone pathway genes, concurring with the content changes of hormone metabolites in both transgenic and non-transgenic leaves of the NT:T plants. These results suggest that phytohormones induced by VcFT-OX in the transgenic leaves might serve as part of the signals that resulted in early flowering in both transgenic plants and the non-transgenic NT:T scions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Aaron Walworth
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Tianyi Lin
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Qiuxia Chen
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Xiumei Han
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - L. Irina Zaharia
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - Gan-yuan Zhong
- Grape Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
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17
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Shu K, Chen F, Zhou W, Luo X, Dai Y, Shuai H, Yang W. ABI4 regulates the floral transition independently of ABI5 and ABI3. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2727-2731. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4290-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Endo M, Yoshida M, Sasaki Y, Negishi K, Horikawa K, Daimon Y, Kurotani KI, Notaguchi M, Abe M, Araki T. Re-Evaluation of Florigen Transport Kinetics with Separation of Functions by Mutations That Uncouple Flowering Initiation and Long-Distance Transport. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1621-1629. [PMID: 29562349 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In many plants, timing of flowering is regulated by day length. In Arabidopsis, florigen, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein, is synthesized in leaf phloem companion cells in response to long days and is transported to the shoot apical meristem (SAM) through the phloem. The temporal aspects of florigen transportation have been studied in various plants by physiological experiments. Nevertheless, little is known about how FT protein transportation is regulated in Arabidopsis. In this study, we performed heat shock-based transient FT induction in a single leaf blade and detected the FT protein in the shoot apex by 2D-PAGE. We demonstrated that detectable amounts of FT were transported from the leaf to the shoot apex within 8 h, and subsequent FT-induced target gene expression was detected within 8-12 h. Furthermore, we identified three amino acid residues (V70, S76 and R83) where missense mutations led to reduced mobility. Interestingly, these FT variants lost only their transportation ability, but retained their flowering promotion capacity, suggesting that discrete amino acids are involved in flowering regulation and transport regulation. Since the interaction with FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (FTIP1) was not affected in these FT variants, we hypothesize that the three amino acid residues are not involved in the FTIP1-mediated pathway of uploading, but rather in the subsequent step(s) of FT transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Endo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Youhei Sasaki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Negishi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kobo Horikawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Daimon
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Mitsutomo Abe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Araki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Luo X, Gao Z, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhang W, Huang J, Yu H, He Y. The NUCLEAR FACTOR-CONSTANS complex antagonizes Polycomb repression to de-repress FLOWERING LOCUS T expression in response to inductive long days in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 95:17-29. [PMID: 29667247 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Many plants sense the seasonal cues, day length or photoperiod changes, to align the timing of the developmental transition to flowering with changing seasons for reproductive success. Inductive day lengths through the photoperiod pathway induce the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) or FT relatives that encode a major mobile florigen to promote flowering. In Arabidopsis thaliana, under inductive long days the photoperiod pathway output CONSTANS (CO) accumulates toward the end of the day, and associates with the B and C subunits of Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) to form the NF-CO complex that acts to promote FT expression near dusk, whereas Polycomb group (PcG) proteins function to silence FT expression. How NF-CO acts to antagonize the function of PcG proteins to regulate FT expression remains unclear. Here, we show that the NF-CO complex bound to the proximal FT promoter, through chromatin looping, acts in concert with an NF-Y complex bound to a distal enhancer to reduce the levels of PcG proteins, including both Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 at the FT promoter, leading to a relieving of Polycomb silencing and thus FT de-repression near dusk. Thus, our study provides molecular insights on how the 'active' photoperiod pathway and the 'repressive' Polycomb silencing system interact to control temporal FT expression, conferring the long-day induction of flowering in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zheng Gao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Zhijuan Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenju Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jirong Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences & Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Yuehui He
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology & National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201602, China
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Cardarelli
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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21
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Song S, Chen Y, Liu L, See YHB, Mao C, Gan Y, Yu H. OsFTIP7 determines auxin-mediated anther dehiscence in rice. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:495-504. [PMID: 29915329 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Anther dehiscence determines successful sexual reproduction of flowering plants through timely release of pollen grains for pollination and fertilization. Downregulation of auxin levels during pollen mitosis is essential for promoting anther dehiscence along with pollen maturation. How this key transition of auxin levels is regulated in male organs remains elusive. Here, we report that the rice FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 7 is highly expressed in anthers before pollen mitotic divisions and facilitates nuclear translocation of a homeodomain transcription factor, Oryza sativa homeobox 1, which directly suppresses a predominant auxin biosynthetic gene, OsYUCCA4, during the late development of anthers. This confers a key switch of auxin levels between meiosis of microspore mother cells and pollen mitotic divisions, thus controlling the timing of anther dehiscence during rice anthesis. Our findings shed light on the mechanism of hormonal control of anther dehiscence, and provide a new avenue for creating hormone-sensitive male sterile lines for hybrid plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Song
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen How Benjamin See
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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22
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Liu L, Li C, Song S, Teo ZWN, Shen L, Wang Y, Jackson D, Yu H. FTIP-Dependent STM Trafficking Regulates Shoot Meristem Development in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2018; 23:1879-1890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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23
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Shu K, Luo X, Meng Y, Yang W. Toward a Molecular Understanding of Abscisic Acid Actions in Floral Transition. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:215-221. [PMID: 29361058 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition from the vegetative growth phase to flowering is a crucial checkpoint for plant reproduction and survival, especially under environmental stress conditions. Numerous factors regulate flowering time, including exogenous environmental cues such as day length and temperature, as well as salt and drought stresses, and endogenous phytohormone signaling cascades. Gibberellins and ABA are one classic combination of phytohormones which antagonistically regulate several biological processes, including seed dormancy and germination, primary root growth and seedling development. As regards control of flowering time, gibberellin exhibits a positive role, and represents an important pathway in the regulation of floral transition. However, over the past decades, numerous investigations have demonstrated that the contribution of the stress hormone ABA to floral transition is still controversial, as both positive and negative effects have been documented. It is important to determine why and how ABA shows this contradictory effect on flowering time. In this up to date review, primarily based on recent publications and emerging data, we summarize the distinct and contrasting roles of ABA on floral transition, while the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying these roles are discussed. Finally, the remaining challenges and open questions in this topic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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24
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Wang Y, Liu L, Song S, Li Y, Shen L, Yu H. DOFT and DOFTIP1 affect reproductive development in the orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5759-5772. [PMID: 29186512 PMCID: PMC5854133 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) in Arabidopsis encodes the florigen that moves from leaves to the shoot apical meristem to induce flowering, and this is partly mediated by FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 (FTIP1). Although FT orthologs have been identified in some flowering plants, their endogenous roles in Orchidaceae, which is one of the largest families of flowering plants, are still largely unknown. In this study, we show that DOFT and DOFTIP1, the orchid orthologs of FT and FTIP1, respectively, play important roles in promoting flowering in the orchid Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile. Expression of DOFT and DOFTIP1 increases in whole plantlets during the transition from vegetative to reproductive development. Both transcripts are present in significant levels in reproductive organs, including inflorescence apices, stems, floral buds, and open flowers. Through successful generation of transgenic orchids, we have revealed that overexpression or down-regulation of DOFT accelerates or delays flowering, respectively, while alteration of DOFT expression also greatly affects pseudobulb formation and flower development. In common with their counterparts in Arabidopsis and rice, DOFTIP1 interacts with DOFT and affects flowering time in orchids. Our results suggest that while DOFT and DOFTIP1 play evolutionarily conserved roles in promoting flowering, DOFT may have evolved with hitherto unknown functions pertaining to the regulation of storage organs and flower development in the Orchidaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiyong Song
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisha Shen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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25
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Long photoperiod affects the maize transition from vegetative to reproductive stages: a proteomic comparison between photoperiod-sensitive inbred line and its recurrent parent. Amino Acids 2017; 50:149-161. [PMID: 29030729 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a typical short-day plant that is produced as an important food product and industrial material. The photoperiod is one of the most important evolutionary mechanisms enabling the adaptation of plant developmental phases to changes in climate conditions. There are differences in the photoperiod sensitivity of maize inbred lines from tropical to temperate regions. In this study, to identify the maize proteins responsive to a long photoperiod (LP), the photoperiod-insensitive inbred line HZ4 and its near-isogenic line H496, which is sensitive to LP conditions, were analyzed under long-day conditions using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. We identified 5259 proteins in maize leaves exposed to the LP condition between the vegetative and reproductive stages. These proteins included 579 and 576 differentially accumulated proteins in H496 and HZ4 leaves, respectively. The differentially accumulated proteins (e.g., membrane, defense, and energy- and ribosome-related proteins) exhibited the opposite trends in HZ4 and H496 plants during the transition from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage. These results suggest that the photoperiod-associated fragment in H496 plants considerably influences various proteins to respond to the photoperiod sensitivity. Overall, our data provide new insights into the effects of long-day treatments on the maize proteome, and may be useful for the development of new germplasm.
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Tang M, Tao YB, Xu ZF. Ectopic expression of Jatropha curcas APETALA1 (JcAP1) caused early flowering in Arabidopsis, but not in Jatropha. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1969. [PMID: 27168978 PMCID: PMC4860315 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is a promising feedstock for biofuel production because Jatropha oil is highly suitable for the production of biodiesel and bio-jet fuels. However, Jatropha exhibits a low seed yield as a result of unreliable and poor flowering. APETALA1 (AP1) is a floral meristem and organ identity gene in higher plants. The flower meristem identity genes of Jatropha have not yet been identified or characterized. To better understand the genetic control of flowering in Jatropha, an AP1 homolog (JcAP1) was isolated from Jatropha. An amino acid sequence analysis of JcAP1 revealed a high similarity to the AP1 proteins of other perennial plants. JcAP1 was expressed in inflorescence buds, flower buds, sepals and petals. The highest expression level was observed during the early developmental stage of the flower buds. The overexpression of JcAP1 using the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter resulted in extremely early flowering and abnormal flowers in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Several flowering genes downstream of AP1 were up-regulated in the JcAP1-overexpressing transgenic plant lines. Furthermore, JcAP1 overexpression rescued the phenotype caused by the Arabidopsis AP1 loss-of-function mutant ap1-11. Therefore, JcAP1 is an ortholog of AtAP1, which plays a similar role in the regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis. However, the overexpression of JcAP1 in Jatropha using the same promoter resulted in little variation in the flowering time and floral organs, indicating that JcAP1 may be insufficient to regulate flowering by itself in Jatropha. This study helps to elucidate the function of JcAP1 and contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of flower development in Jatropha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan , China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan , China
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Endo M, Araki T, Nagatani A. Tissue-specific regulation of flowering by photoreceptors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:829-39. [PMID: 26621669 PMCID: PMC11108494 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants use various kinds of environmental signals to adjust the timing of the transition from the vegetative to reproductive phase (flowering). Since flowering at the appropriate time is crucial for plant reproductive strategy, several kinds of photoreceptors are deployed to sense environmental light conditions. In this review, we will update our current understanding of light signaling pathways in flowering regulation, especially, in which tissue do photoreceptors regulate flowering in response to light quality and photoperiod. Since light signaling is also integrated into other flowering pathways, we also introduce recent progress on how photoreceptors are involved in tissue-specific thermosensation and the gibberellin pathway. Finally, we discuss the importance of cell-type-specific analyses for future plant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Endo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Araki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Nagatani
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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Zhang L, Yu H, Lin S, Gao Y. Molecular Characterization of FT and FD Homologs from Eriobotrya deflexa Nakai forma koshunensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:8. [PMID: 26834775 PMCID: PMC4722113 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In angiosperms, regulation of flowering is a vital process for successful reproduction. To date, the molecular mechanism of flowering is well-studied in the model plant, Arabidopsis, in which key genes such as FLOWERING LOCUST (FT) or FD have been identified to regulate flowering. However, the flowering mechanisms are still largely unknown in fruit trees like loquat. To this end, we first cloned one FT- and two FD-like genes from the loquat (Eriobotrya deflexa Nakai f. koshunensis) and referred to as EdFT, EdFD1, and EdFD2, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that EdFT, EdFD1, and EdFD2 are conserved during the evolution process. EdFT is mainly expressed in reproductive tissues (e.g., flower buds, flowers, and fruits), while EdFD1 and EdFD2 are mainly expressed in apical buds including leaf buds and flower buds. EdFT is localized in the whole cell, while EdFD1 or EdFD2 is localized in the nucleus. Ectopic expression of EdFT, EdFD1, and EdFD2 in Arabidopsis results in early flowering. In addition, we have also revealed that the EdFT interacts with both EdFD1 and EdFD2. Overall, these data suggest that the EdFT, EdFD1, and EdFD2 are the functional homologs of FT and FD, respectively, which might act together to regulate loquat flowering through a similar mechanism found in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
| | - Shunquan Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shunquan Lin, ; Yongshun Gao,
| | - Yongshun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shunquan Lin, ; Yongshun Gao,
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Song YH, Shim JS, Kinmonth-Schultz HA, Imaizumi T. Photoperiodic flowering: time measurement mechanisms in leaves. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 66:441-64. [PMID: 25534513 PMCID: PMC4414745 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many plants use information about changing day length (photoperiod) to align their flowering time with seasonal changes to increase reproductive success. A mechanism for photoperiodic time measurement is present in leaves, and the day-length-specific induction of the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, which encodes florigen, is a major final output of the pathway. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which photoperiodic information is perceived in order to trigger FT expression in Arabidopsis as well as in the primary cereals wheat, barley, and rice. In these plants, the differences in photoperiod are measured by interactions between circadian-clock-regulated components, such as CONSTANS (CO), and light signaling. The interactions happen under certain day-length conditions, as previously predicted by the external coincidence model. In these plants, the coincidence mechanisms are governed by multilayered regulation with numerous conserved as well as unique regulatory components, highlighting the breadth of photoperiodic regulation across plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Song
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1800;
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30
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Shim JS, Imaizumi T. Circadian clock and photoperiodic response in Arabidopsis: from seasonal flowering to redox homeostasis. Biochemistry 2014; 54:157-70. [PMID: 25346271 PMCID: PMC4303289 DOI: 10.1021/bi500922q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Many of the developmental responses
and behaviors in plants that
occur throughout the year are controlled by photoperiod; among these,
seasonal flowering is the most characterized. Molecular genetic and
biochemical analyses have revealed the mechanisms by which plants
sense changes in day length to regulate seasonal flowering. In Arabidopsis thaliana, induction of the expression of a florigen,
FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein, is a major output of the photoperiodic
flowering pathway. The circadian clock coordinates the expression
profiles and activities of the components in this pathway. Light-dependent
control of CONSTANS (CO) transcription factor activity is a crucial
part of the induction of the photoperiodic expression of FT. CO protein is stabilized only in the long day afternoon, which
is when FT is induced. In this review, we summarize
recent progress in the determination of the molecular architecture
of the circadian clock and mechanisms underlying photoperiodic flowering.
In addition, we introduce the molecular mechanisms of other biological
processes, such as hypocotyl growth and reactive oxygen species production,
which are also controlled by alterations in photoperiod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sung Shim
- Department of Biology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1800, United States
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Romera-Branchat M, Andrés F, Coupland G. Flowering responses to seasonal cues: what's new? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 21:120-127. [PMID: 25072635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal cues of day length or winter cold trigger flowering of many species. Forward and reverse genetic approaches are revealing the mechanisms by which these responses are conferred. Homologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana protein FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) are widely used to mediate seasonal responses to day length and act as graft-transmissible promoters or repressors of flowering. Winter cold in A. thaliana promotes flowering by repressing transcription of the MADS box gene FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). The mechanism by which this occurs involves a complex interplay of different forms of long noncoding RNAs induced at the FLC locus during cold and changes in the chromatin of FLC. In perennial relatives of A. thaliana, flowering also requires the age-dependent downregulation of miRNA156 before winter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Andrés
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50829 Cologne, Germany.
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Xia Z, Zhai H, Lü S, Wu H, Zhang Y. Recent achievement in gene cloning and functional genomics in soybean. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:281367. [PMID: 24311973 PMCID: PMC3842071 DOI: 10.1155/2013/281367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean is a model plant for photoperiodism as well as for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. However, a rather low efficiency in soybean transformation hampers functional analysis of genes isolated from soybean. In comparison, rapid development and progress in flowering time and photoperiodic response have been achieved in Arabidopsis and rice. As the soybean genomic information has been released since 2008, gene cloning and functional genomic studies have been revived as indicated by successfully characterizing genes involved in maturity and nematode resistance. Here, we review some major achievements in the cloning of some important genes and some specific features at genetic or genomic levels revealed by the analysis of functional genomics of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shixiang Lü
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hongyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
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