1
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Wang H, Divaris K, Pan B, Li X, Lim JH, Saha G, Barovic M, Giannakou D, Korostoff JM, Bing Y, Sen S, Moss K, Wu D, Beck JD, Ballantyne CM, Natarajan P, North KE, Netea MG, Chavakis T, Hajishengallis G. Clonal hematopoiesis driven by mutated DNMT3A promotes inflammatory bone loss. Cell 2024:S0092-8674(24)00492-6. [PMID: 38838669 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) arises from aging-associated acquired mutations in hematopoietic progenitors, which display clonal expansion and produce phenotypically altered leukocytes. We associated CHIP-DNMT3A mutations with a higher prevalence of periodontitis and gingival inflammation among 4,946 community-dwelling adults. To model DNMT3A-driven CHIP, we used mice with the heterozygous loss-of-function mutation R878H, equivalent to the human hotspot mutation R882H. Partial transplantation with Dnmt3aR878H/+ bone marrow (BM) cells resulted in clonal expansion of mutant cells into both myeloid and lymphoid lineages and an elevated abundance of osteoclast precursors in the BM and osteoclastogenic macrophages in the periphery. DNMT3A-driven clonal hematopoiesis in recipient mice promoted naturally occurring periodontitis and aggravated experimentally induced periodontitis and arthritis, associated with enhanced osteoclastogenesis, IL-17-dependent inflammation and neutrophil responses, and impaired regulatory T cell immunosuppressive activity. DNMT3A-driven clonal hematopoiesis and, subsequently, periodontitis were suppressed by rapamycin treatment. DNMT3A-driven CHIP represents a treatable state of maladaptive hematopoiesis promoting inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Division of Pediatric and Public Health, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bohu Pan
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Sheng Yushou Center of Cell Biology and Immunology, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jong-Hyung Lim
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gundappa Saha
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marko Barovic
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Danai Giannakou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Korostoff
- Department of Periodontics, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yu Bing
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Souvik Sen
- Department of Neurology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Kevin Moss
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Sciences, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James D Beck
- Division of Comprehensive Oral Health-Periodontology, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Immunology and Metabolism, LIMES, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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2
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Alfatah M, Zhang Y, Naaz A, Cheng TYN, Eisenhaber F. PICLS with human cells is the first high throughput screening method for identifying novel compounds that extend lifespan. Biol Direct 2024; 19:8. [PMID: 38254217 PMCID: PMC10804585 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gerontology research on anti-aging interventions with drugs could be an answer to age-related diseases, aiming at closing the gap between lifespan and healthspan. Here, we present two methods for assaying chronological lifespan in human cells: (1) a version of the classical outgrowth assay with quantitative assessment of surviving cells and (2) a version of the PICLS method (propidium iodide fluorescent-based measurement of cell death). Both methods are fast, simple to conduct, cost-effective, produce quantitative data for further analysis and can be used with diverse human cell lines. Whereas the first method is ideal for validation and testing the post-intervention reproductive potential of surviving cells, the second method has true high-throughput screening potential. The new technologies were validated with known anti-aging compounds (2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol and rapamycin). Using the high-throughput screening method, we screened a library of 162 chemical entities and identified three compounds that extend the longevity of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alfatah
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Yizhong Zhang
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Arshia Naaz
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome #02-01, Singapore, 138672, Republic of Singapore
| | - Trishia Yi Ning Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore, 138671, Republic of Singapore
- LASA - Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications gGmbH, Straße der Einheit 2-24, 02943, Weißwasser, Federal Republic of Germany
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, 637551, Republic of Singapore
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3
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Foltman M, Sanchez-Diaz A. TOR Complex 1: Orchestrating Nutrient Signaling and Cell Cycle Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15745. [PMID: 37958727 PMCID: PMC10647266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved TOR signaling pathway is crucial for coordinating cellular growth with the cell cycle machinery in eukaryotes. One of the two TOR complexes in budding yeast, TORC1, integrates environmental cues and promotes cell growth. While cells grow, they need to copy their chromosomes, segregate them in mitosis, divide all their components during cytokinesis, and finally physically separate mother and daughter cells to start a new cell cycle apart from each other. To maintain cell size homeostasis and chromosome stability, it is crucial that mechanisms that control growth are connected and coordinated with the cell cycle. Successive periods of high and low TORC1 activity would participate in the adequate cell cycle progression. Here, we review the known molecular mechanisms through which TORC1 regulates the cell cycle in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that have been extensively used as a model organism to understand the role of its mammalian ortholog, mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Foltman
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Diaz
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, 39011 Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
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4
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Foltman M, Mendez I, Bech-Serra JJ, de la Torre C, Brace JL, Weiss EL, Lucas M, Queralt E, Sanchez-Diaz A. TOR complex 1 negatively regulates NDR kinase Cbk1 to control cell separation in budding yeast. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002263. [PMID: 37647291 PMCID: PMC10468069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway plays a key role in the coordination between cellular growth and the cell cycle machinery in eukaryotes. The underlying molecular mechanisms by which TOR might regulate events after anaphase remain unknown. We show for the first time that one of the 2 TOR complexes in budding yeast, TORC1, blocks the separation of cells following cytokinesis by phosphorylation of a member of the NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) protein-kinase family, the protein Cbk1. We observe that TORC1 alters the phosphorylation pattern of Cbk1 and we identify a residue within Cbk1 activation loop, T574, for which a phosphomimetic substitution makes Cbk1 catalytically inactive and, indeed, reproduces TORC1 control over cell separation. In addition, we identify the exocyst component Sec3 as a key substrate of Cbk1, since Sec3 activates the SNARE complex to promote membrane fusion. TORC1 activity ultimately compromises the interaction between Sec3 and a t-SNARE component. Our data indicate that TORC1 negatively regulates cell separation in budding yeast by participating in Cbk1 phosphorylation, which in turn controls the fusion of secretory vesicles transporting hydrolase at the site of division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Foltman
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Iván Mendez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Structural Biology of Macromolecular Complexes Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Joan J. Bech-Serra
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina de la Torre
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, IJC Building, Campus ICO-Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jennifer L. Brace
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eric L. Weiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - María Lucas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Structural Biology of Macromolecular Complexes Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Diaz
- Mechanisms and Regulation of Cell Division Research Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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5
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Ampelopsin induces MDA-MB-231 cell cycle arrest through cyclin B1-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in vitro and in vivo. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2023; 73:75-90. [PMID: 36692465 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women and it is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. Ampelopsin (AMP) is a purified component from the root of Ampelopsis grossedentata. It is reported that AMP could significantly inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells. However, the antitumor mechanism against breast cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. The purpose of this work was to study the role of AMP against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and to further investigate the underlying mechanism. PI3K/AKT/mTOR plays a very important role in tumor cell growth and proliferation and we hypothesize that AMP may inhibit this pathway. In the present work, the results showed that AMP could significantly inhibit the growth of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, treatment with AMP decreased the levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR, as well as cyclin B1 expression, followed by p53/p21 pathway activation to arrest the cell cycle at G2/M. Moreover, it demonstrated a positive association between cyclin B1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR levels. Importantly, this pathway was found to be regulated by cyclin B1 in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with AMP. Also, it was observed that cyclin B1 overexpression attenuated cell apoptosis and weakened the inhibitory effects of AMP on cell proliferation. Together, AMP could inhibit breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, due to cell cycle arrest at G2/M by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulated by cyclin B1.
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6
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Developing Novel Experimental Models of m-TORopathic Epilepsy and Related Neuropathologies: Translational Insights from Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021530. [PMID: 36675042 PMCID: PMC9866103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an important molecular regulator of cell growth and proliferation. Brain mTOR activity plays a crucial role in synaptic plasticity, cell development, migration and proliferation, as well as memory storage, protein synthesis, autophagy, ion channel expression and axonal regeneration. Aberrant mTOR signaling causes a diverse group of neurological disorders, termed 'mTORopathies'. Typically arising from mutations within the mTOR signaling pathway, these disorders are characterized by cortical malformations and other neuromorphological abnormalities that usually co-occur with severe, often treatment-resistant, epilepsy. Here, we discuss recent advances and current challenges in developing experimental models of mTOR-dependent epilepsy and other related mTORopathies, including using zebrafish models for studying these disorders, as well as outline future directions of research in this field.
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7
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Protamine 1 as a secreted colorectal cancer-specific antigen facilitating G1/S phase transition under nutrient stress conditions. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:357-373. [PMID: 36593375 PMCID: PMC10060357 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer testis antigens (CTAs) are optimal tumor diagnostic markers and involved in carcinogenesis. However, colorectal cancer (CRC) related CTAs are less reported with impressive diagnostic capability or relevance with tumor metabolism rewiring. Herein, we demonstrated CRC-related CTA, Protamine 1 (PRM1), as a promising diagnostic marker and involved in regulation of cellular growth under nutrient deficiency. METHODS Transcriptomics of five paired CRC tissues was used to screen CRC-related CTAs. Capability of PRM1 to distinguish CRC was studied by detection of clinical samples through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cellular functions were investigated in CRC cell lines through in vivo and in vitro assays. RESULTS By RNA-seq and detection in 824 clinical samples from two centers, PRM1 expression were upregulated in CRC tissues and patients` serum. Serum PRM1 showed impressive accuracy to diagnose CRC from healthy controls and benign gastrointestinal disease patients, particularly more sensitive for early-staged CRC. Furthermore, we reported that when cells were cultured in serum-reduced medium, PRM1 secretion was upregulated, and secreted PRM1 promoted CRC growth in culture and in mice. Additionally, G1/S phase transition of CRC cells was facilitated by PRM1 protein supplementation and overexpression via activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in serum deficient medium. CONCLUSIONS In general, our research presented PRM1 as a specific CRC antigen and illustrated the importance of PRM1 in CRC metabolism rewiring. The new vulnerability of CRC cells was also provided with the potential to be targeted in future. Diagnostic value and grow factor-like biofunction of PRM1 A represents the secretion process of PRM1 regulated by nutrient deficiency. B represents activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway of secreted PRM1.
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8
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Kalpongnukul N, Bootsri R, Wongkongkathep P, Kaewsapsak P, Ariyachet C, Pisitkun T, Chantaravisoot N. Phosphoproteomic Analysis Defines BABAM1 as mTORC2 Downstream Effector Promoting DNA Damage Response in Glioblastoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2893-2904. [PMID: 36315652 PMCID: PMC9724709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating primary brain cancer with a poor prognosis. GBM is associated with an abnormal mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, consisting of two distinct kinase complexes: mTORC1 and mTORC2. The complexes play critical roles in cell proliferation, survival, migration, metabolism, and DNA damage response. This study investigated the aberrant mTORC2 signaling pathway in GBM cells by performing quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of U87MG cells under different drug treatment conditions. Interestingly, a functional analysis of phosphoproteome revealed that mTORC2 inhibition might be involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair. We further characterized the relationship between mTORC2 and BRISC and BRCA1-A complex member 1 (BABAM1). We demonstrated that pBABAM1 at Ser29 is regulated by mTORC2 to initiate DNA damage response, contributing to DNA repair and cancer cell survival. Accordingly, the inactivation of mTORC2 significantly ablated pBABAM1 (Ser29), reduced DNA repair activities in the nucleus, and promoted apoptosis of the cancer cells. Furthermore, we also recognized that histone H2AX phosphorylation at Ser139 (γH2AX) could be controlled by mTORC2 to repair the DNA. These results provided a better understanding of the mTORC2 function in oncogenic DNA damage response and might lead to specific mTORC2 treatments for brain cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuttiya Kalpongnukul
- Interdisciplinary
Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rungnapa Bootsri
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Kaewsapsak
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaiyaboot Ariyachet
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of
Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research
Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Center
of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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9
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Luo J, Jin W, Jin M, Pan W, Gao S, Zhao X, Lai X, Sun L, Piao C. Jiedutongluotiaogan formula restores pancreatic function by suppressing excessive autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1542-1555. [PMID: 35944284 PMCID: PMC9367665 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Jiedutongluotiaogan formula (JTTF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), could promote islet function. However, the potential effect of JTTF on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and autophagy have not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study explores the potential effect of JTTF on ERS and autophagy in the pancreas. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were randomised into five groups, control, model, JTTF (1, 3, 5 g/kg/day for 12 weeks). LPS induced pancreatic β-cells were treated with JTTF (50, 100, 200 μg/mL). LPS was used to induce pancreatic β-cell injury, with cell viability and insulin secretion evaluated using MTT, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays, and PCR. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured using flow cytometry, while ERS and autophagy levels were monitored via Western blotting and/or immunostaining. RESULTS Compared with the model group, body weight, FGB, HbA1c, IPGTT, FINs, and HOMA-IR in JTTF treatment groups were significantly reduced. In islets cells treated with JTTF, the pancreatic islet cells in the JTTF group were increased, lipid droplets were reduced, and there was a decrease in Ca2+ (16.67%). After JTTF intervention, PERK, p-PERK, IRE1α, p- IRE1α, ATF6, eIF2α, GRP78, p-ULK1, LC3 and p62 expression decreased, whereas Beclin1and p-mTOR expression increased. In addition, the expression of proteins related to apoptosis in the JTTF groups were lower than those in the control group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS JTTF may alleviate pancreatic β-cell injury by inhibiting ER stress and excessive autophagy in diabetic rats. This provides a new direction for treating diabetes and restoring pancreatic dysfunction by TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Luo
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenqi Jin
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Jin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Pan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Changchun Medical College, Changchun, China
| | - Shengnan Gao
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhao
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingrong Lai
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Chunli Piao
- Institution of Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, China
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10
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Multiplexed and reproducible high content screening of live and fixed cells using Dye Drop. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6918. [PMID: 36376301 PMCID: PMC9663587 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34536-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput measurement of cells perturbed using libraries of small molecules, gene knockouts, or different microenvironmental factors is a key step in functional genomics and pre-clinical drug discovery. However, it remains difficult to perform accurate single-cell assays in 384-well plates, limiting many studies to well-average measurements (e.g., CellTiter-Glo®). Here we describe a public domain Dye Drop method that uses sequential density displacement and microscopy to perform multi-step assays on living cells. We use Dye Drop cell viability and DNA replication assays followed by immunofluorescence imaging to collect single-cell dose-response data for 67 investigational and clinical-grade small molecules in 58 breast cancer cell lines. By separating the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of drugs computationally, we uncover unexpected relationships between the two. Dye Drop is rapid, reproducible, customizable, and compatible with manual or automated laboratory equipment. Dye Drop improves the tradeoff between data content and cost, enabling the collection of information-rich perturbagen-response datasets.
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11
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Mortazavi M, Moosavi F, Martini M, Giovannetti E, Firuzi O. Prospects of targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103749. [PMID: 35728737 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has one of the worst prognoses among all malignancies. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, a main downstream effector of KRAS is involved in the regulation of key hallmarks of cancer. We here report that whole-genome analyses demonstrate the frequent involvement of aberrant activations of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components in PDAC patients and critically evaluate preclinical and clinical evidence on the application of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway targeting agents. Combinations of these agents with chemotherapeutics or other targeted therapies, including the modulators of cyclin-dependent kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases and RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are also examined. Although human genetic studies and preclinical pharmacological investigations have provided strong evidence on the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in PDAC, clinical studies in general have not been as promising. Patient stratification seems to be the key missing point and with the advent of biomarker-guided clinical trials, targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway could provide valuable assets for treatment of pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Mortazavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moosavi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center (VUmc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazine Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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12
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Tsaur I, Thomas A, Monecke M, Zugelder M, Rutz J, Grein T, Maxeiner S, Xie H, Chun FKH, Rothweiler F, Cinatl J, Michaelis M, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Amygdalin Exerts Antitumor Activity in Taxane-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133111. [PMID: 35804883 PMCID: PMC9265127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), resistance development after taxane treatments is inevitable, necessitating effective options to combat drug resistance. Previous studies indicated antitumoral properties of the natural compound amygdalin. However, whether amygdalin acts on drug-resistant tumor cells remains questionable. An in vitro study was performed to investigate the influence of amygdalin (10 mg/mL) on the growth of a panel of therapy-naïve and docetaxel- or cabazitaxel-resistant PCa cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP cells). Tumor growth, proliferation, clonal growth, and cell cycle progression were investigated. The cell cycle regulating proteins (phospho)cdk1, (phospho)cdk2, cyclin A, cyclin B, p21, and p27 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins (phospho)Akt, (phospho)Raptor, and (phospho)Rictor as well as integrin β1 and the cytoskeletal proteins vimentin, ezrin, talin, and cytokeratin 8/18 were assessed. Furthermore, chemotactic activity and adhesion to extracellular matrix components were analyzed. Amygdalin dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth and reduced tumor clones in all (parental and resistant) PCa cell lines, accompanied by a G0/G1 phase accumulation. Cell cycle regulating proteins were significantly altered by amygdalin. A moderate influence of amygdalin on tumor cell adhesion and chemotaxis was observed as well, paralleled by modifications of cytoskeletal proteins and the integrin β1 expression level. Amygdalin may, therefore, block tumor growth and disseminative characteristics of taxane-resistant PCa cells. Further studies are warranted to determine amygdalin’s value as an antitumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.T.); (A.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Anita Thomas
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.T.); (A.H.); (R.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-172312; Fax: +49-6131-173827
| | - Michelle Monecke
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Marion Zugelder
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Timothy Grein
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Sebastian Maxeiner
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Felix K.-H. Chun
- Department of Urology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (M.M.); (M.Z.); (J.R.); (T.G.); (S.M.); (H.X.); (F.K.-H.C.)
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.)
- Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.)
- Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK;
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.T.); (A.H.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medicine Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (I.T.); (A.H.); (R.A.B.)
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13
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Shen C, Shyu DL, Xu M, Yang L, Webb A, Duan W, Williams TM. Deregulation of AKT-mTOR Signaling Contributes to Chemoradiation Resistance in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:425-433. [PMID: 34810212 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) accounts for one of three of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and 30% of LUSC patients present with locally advanced, unresectable/medically inoperable disease, who are commonly treated with definitive chemoradiation. However, disease relapse in the radiation fields occurs in one of three cases. We aim to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of chemoradiation resistance of LUSC. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of LUSC were established in immunodeficient mice, followed by treatment with cisplatin in combination with clinically relevant courses of ionizing radiation (20, 30, and 40 Gy). The recurrent tumors were extracted for functional proteomics using reverse phase protein analysis (RPPA). We found that phospho-AKT-S473, phospho-AKT-T308, phospho-S6-S235/6, and phospho-GSK3β-S9 were upregulated in the chemoradiation-resistant 20 Gy + cisplatin and 40 Gy + cisplatin tumors compared with those in the control tumors. Ingenuity pathway analysis of the RPPA data revealed that AKT-mTOR signaling was the most activated signaling pathway in the chemoradiation-resistant tumors. Similarly, elevated AKT-mTOR signaling was observed in stable 40 Gy and 60 Gy resistant HARA cell lines compared with the parental cell line. Accordingly, pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR kinase by Torin2 significantly sensitized LUSC cell lines to ionizing radiation. In conclusion, using chemoradiation-resistant PDX models coupled with RPPA proteomics analysis, we revealed that deregulation of AKT-mTOR signaling may contribute to the chemoradiation resistance of LUSC. IMPLICATIONS: Clonal selection of subpopulations with high AKT-mTOR signaling in heterogeneous tumors may contribute to relapse of LUSC after chemoradiation. mTOR kinase inhibitors may be promising radiosensitizing agents in upfront treatment to prevent acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California. .,The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Duan-Liang Shyu
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Min Xu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California.,The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy Webb
- The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wenrui Duan
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine at the Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California. .,The Ohio State University Medical Center, Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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Shen C, He Y, Chen Q, Feng H, Williams TM, Lu Y, He Z. Narrative review of emerging roles for AKT-mTOR signaling in cancer radioimmunotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1596. [PMID: 34790802 PMCID: PMC8576660 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the roles of AKT-mTOR signaling in the regulation of the DNA damage response and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, and propose a novel strategy of targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in combination with radioimmunotherapy in the era of cancer immunotherapy Background Immunotherapy has greatly improved the clinical outcomes of many cancer patients and has changed the landscape of cancer patient management. However, only a small subgroup of cancer patients (~20–30%) benefit from immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. The current challenge is to find biomarkers to predict the response of patients to immunotherapy and strategies to sensitize patients to immunotherapy. Methods Search and review the literature which were published in PUBMED from 2000–2021 with the key words mTOR, AKT, drug resistance, DNA damage response, immunotherapy, PD-L1, DNA repair, radioimmunotherapy. Conclusions More than 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy during their course of treatment. Radiotherapy has been shown to reduce the growth of locally irradiated tumors as well as metastatic non-irradiated tumors (abscopal effects) by affecting systemic immunity. Consistently, immunotherapy has been demonstrated to enhance radiotherapy with more than one hundred clinical trials of radiation in combination with immunotherapy (radioimmunotherapy) across cancer types. Nevertheless, current available data have shown limited efficacy of trials testing radioimmunotherapy. AKT-mTOR signaling is a major tumor growth-promoting pathway and is upregulated in most cancers. AKT-mTOR signaling is activated by growth factors as well as genotoxic stresses including radiotherapy. Importantly, recent advances have shown that AKT-mTOR is one of the main signaling pathways that regulate DNA damage repair as well as PD-L1 levels in cancers. These recent advances clearly suggest a novel cancer therapy strategy by targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in combination with radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuqi He
- Monash School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Terence M Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuanzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Analysis of the early response to spinal cord injury identified a key role for mTORC1 signaling in the activation of neural stem progenitor cells. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:68. [PMID: 34686684 PMCID: PMC8536777 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00179-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenopus laevis are able to regenerate the spinal cord during larvae stages through the activation of neural stem progenitor cells (NSPCs). Here we use high-resolution expression profiling to characterize the early transcriptome changes induced after spinal cord injury, aiming to identify the signals that trigger NSPC proliferation. The analysis delineates a pathway that starts with a rapid and transitory activation of immediate early genes, followed by migration processes and immune response genes, the pervasive increase of NSPC-specific ribosome biogenesis factors, and genes involved in stem cell proliferation. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that mTORC1 is rapidly and transiently activated after SCI, and its pharmacological inhibition impairs spinal cord regeneration and proliferation of NSPC through the downregulation of genes involved in the G1/S transition of cell cycle, with a strong effect on PCNA. We propose that the mTOR signaling pathway is a key player in the activation of NPSCs during the early steps of spinal cord regeneration.
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16
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The DNA Repair Enzyme XPD Is Partially Regulated by PI3K/AKT Signaling in the Context of Bupivacaine-Mediated Neuronal DNA Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9925647. [PMID: 34659643 PMCID: PMC8516563 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9925647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bupivacaine, a local anesthetic widely used for regional anesthesia and pain management, has been reported to induce neuronal injury, especially DNA damage. Neurons employ different pathways to repair DNA damage. However, the mechanism underlying bupivacaine-mediated DNA damage repair is unclear. A rat neuronal injury model was established by intrathecal injection of (3%) bupivacaine. An in vitro neuronal injury model was generated by exposing SH-SY5Y cells to bupivacaine (1.5 mmol/L). Then, a cDNA plate array was used to identify the DNA repair genes after bupivacaine exposure. The results showed that xeroderma pigmentosum complementary group D (XPD) of the nuclear excision repair (NER) pathway was closely associated with the repair of DNA damage induced by bupivacaine. Subsequently, Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry indicated that the expression of the repair enzyme XPD was upregulated after DNA damage. Downregulation of XPD expression by a lentivirus aggravated the DNA damage induced by bupivacaine. In addition, phosphatidyl-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling in neurons was inhibited after exposure to bupivacaine. After PI3K/AKT signaling was inhibited, bupivacaine-mediated DNA damage was further aggravated, and the expression of XPD was further upregulated. However, knockdown of XPD aggravated bupivacaine-mediated neuronal injury but did not affect PI3K/AKT signaling. In conclusion, the repair enzyme XPD, which was partially regulated by PI3K/AKT signaling, responded to bupivacaine-mediated neuronal DNA damage. These results can be used as a reference for the treatment of bupivacaine-induced neurotoxicity.
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17
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Saravi S, Alizzi Z, Tosi S, Hall M, Karteris E. Preclinical Studies on the Effect of Rucaparib in Ovarian Cancer: Impact of BRCA2 Status. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092434. [PMID: 34572083 PMCID: PMC8472031 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Approximately 50% of ovarian cancer patients harbour homologous recombination repair deficiencies. These deficiencies have been successfully targeted using poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) particularly for patients harbouring BRCA1/2 mutations. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of the PARPi rucaparib in vitro using cell lines with BRCA2 mutations in comparison to those with BRCA2 wild type. Methods: Cell proliferation assays, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, annexin V/PI assays were used to assess the effects of rucaparib in vitro. Results: The BRCA2 mutant ovarian cancer cell line PEO1 exhibited higher PARP1 activity when treated with H2O2 compared to wild type cell lines. The migratory and proliferative capacity of PEO1 cells was compromised following treatment with rucaparib 10 µM compared to BRCA2 wild-type cell lines via a mechanism involving the mTOR pathway. Rucaparib treatment significantly increased DNA damage primarily in PEO1 cells and SKOV3 cells compared with wild type. Conclusions: Appropriate identification of robust predictive biomarkers for homologous recombination deficiency using ‘liquid’ biopsies would facilitate the identification of patients suitable for PARPi therapy. Preliminary efforts to undertake such testing are described here. This study also demonstrates the mechanisms of action of rucaparib (PARPi) which may involve elements of the mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Saravi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Zena Alizzi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Sabrina Tosi
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Marcia Hall
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.K.)
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Division of Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.S.); (Z.A.); (S.T.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, The Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, UK
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (E.K.)
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18
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Du W, Gao A, Herman JG, Wang L, Zhang L, Jiao S, Guo M. Methylation of NRN1 is a novel synthetic lethal marker of PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ATR inhibitors in esophageal cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2870-2883. [PMID: 33931924 PMCID: PMC8253287 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and NF-κB pathways were reported to be involved in DNA damage repair (DDR). DDR-deficient cancers become critically dependent on backup DNA repair pathways. Neuritin 1 (NRN1) is reported to be involved in PI3K-Akt-mTOR, and its role in DDR remains unclear. Methylation-specific PCR, siRNA, flow cytometry, esophageal cancer cell lines, and xenograft mouse models were used to examine the role of NRN1 in esophageal cancer. The expression of NRN1 is frequently repressed by promoter region methylation in human esophageal cancer cells. NRN1 was methylated in 50.4% (510/1012) of primary esophageal cancer samples. NRN1 methylation is associated significantly with age (P < .001), tumor size (P < .01), TNM stage (P < .001), differentiation (P < .001) and alcohol consumption (P < .05). We found that NRN1 methylation is an independent prognostic factor for poor 5-y overall survival (P < .001). NRN1 inhibits colony formation, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and induces apoptosis and G1/S arrest in esophageal cancer cells. NRN1 suppresses KYSE150 and KYSE30 cells xenografts growth in nude mice. PI3K signaling is reported to activate ATR signaling by targeting CHK1, the downstream component of ATR. By analyzing the synthetic efficiency of NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K inhibitor) and VE-822 (an ATR inhibitor), we found that the combination of NVP-BEZ235 and VE-822 increased cytotoxicity in NRN1 methylated esophageal cancer cells, as well as KYSE150 cell xenografts. In conclusion, NRN1 suppresses esophageal cancer growth both in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling. Methylation of NRN1 is a novel synthetic lethal marker for PI3K-Akt-mTOR and ATR inhibitors in human esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wushuang Du
- Department of OncologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Aiai Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - James G. Herman
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lidong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer ResearchZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer ResearchZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shunchang Jiao
- Department of OncologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering & AntibodyBeijingChina
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer ResearchZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney DiseasesChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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19
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Lamm N, Rogers S, Cesare AJ. Chromatin mobility and relocation in DNA repair. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:843-855. [PMID: 34183232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The nucleus is a dynamic environment containing chromatin, membraneless organelles, and specialized molecular structures at the nuclear membrane. Within the spectrum of DNA repair activities are observations of increased mobility of damaged chromatin and the displacement of DNA lesions to specific nuclear environments. Here, we focus on the role that nuclear-specific filamentous actin plays in mobilizing damaged chromatin in response to DNA double-strand breaks and replication stress. We also examine nuclear pore complexes and promyelocytic leukemia-nuclear bodies as specialized platforms for homology-directed repair. The literature suggests an emerging model where specific types of DNA lesions are subjected to nuclear-derived forces that mobilize damaged chromatin and promote interaction with repair hubs to facilitate specialized repair reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Lamm
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Samuel Rogers
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia
| | - Anthony J Cesare
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.
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20
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Song X, Wang L, Wang T, Hu J, Wang J, Tu R, Su H, Jiang J, Qing G, Liu H. Synergistic targeting of CHK1 and mTOR in MYC-driven tumors. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:448-460. [PMID: 33206174 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) occurs in a broad range of human cancers and often predicts poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. However, directly targeting oncogenic MYC remains unsuccessful, and indirectly inhibiting MYC emerges as a promising approach. Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is a protein kinase that coordinates the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint and protects cancer cells from excessive replicative stress. Using c-MYC-mediated T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and N-MYC-driven neuroblastoma as model systems, we reveal that both c-MYC and N-MYC directly bind to the CHK1 locus and activate its transcription. CHIR-124, a selective CHK1 inhibitor, impairs cell viability and induces remarkable synergistic lethality with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin in MYC-overexpressing cells. Mechanistically, rapamycin inactivates carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD), the essential enzyme for the first three steps of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and deteriorates CHIR-124-induced replicative stress. We further demonstrate that dual treatments impede T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia and neuroblastoma progression in vivo. These results suggest simultaneous targeting of CHK1 and mTOR as a novel and powerful co-treatment modality for MYC-mediated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Song
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Tianci Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Hu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rongfu Tu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hexiu Su
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jue Jiang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Qing
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Hudan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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21
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Mishra R, Yuan L, Patel H, Karve AS, Zhu H, White A, Alanazi S, Desai P, Merino EJ, Garrett JT. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-Activated Prodrug in Combination with Anthracycline Impairs PI3K Signaling, Increases DNA Damage Response and Reduces Breast Cancer Cell Growth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2088. [PMID: 33669867 PMCID: PMC7923228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RIDR-PI-103 is a novel reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced drug release prodrug with a self-cyclizing moiety linked to a pan-PI3K inhibitor (PI-103). Under high ROS, PI-103 is released in a controlled manner to inhibit PI3K. The efficacy and bioavailability of RIDR-PI-103 in breast cancer remains unexplored. Cell viability of RIDR-PI-103 was assessed on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361 and MDA-MB-453), non-tumorigenic MCF10A and fibroblasts. Matrigel colony formation, cell proliferation and migration assays examined the migratory properties of breast cancers upon treatment with RIDR-PI-103 and doxorubicin. Western blots determined the effect of doxorubicin ± RIDR-PI-103 on AKT activation and DNA damage response. Pharmacokinetic (PK) studies using C57BL/6J mice determined systemic exposure (plasma concentrations and overall area under the curve) and T1/2 of RIDR-PI-103. MDA-MB-453, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-361 cells were sensitive to RIDR-PI-103 vs. MCF10A and normal fibroblast. Combination of doxorubicin and RIDR-PI-103 suppressed cancer cell growth and proliferation. Doxorubicin with RIDR-PI-103 inhibited p-AktS473, upregulated p-CHK1/2 and p-P53. PK studies showed that ~200 ng/mL (0.43 µM) RIDR-PI-103 is achievable in mice plasma with an initial dose of 20 mg/kg and a 10 h T1/2. (4) The prodrug RIDR-PI-103 could be a potential therapeutic for treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalin Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (L.Y.); (H.P.); (A.S.K.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (P.D.)
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (L.Y.); (H.P.); (A.S.K.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (P.D.)
| | - Hima Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (L.Y.); (H.P.); (A.S.K.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (P.D.)
| | - Aniruddha S. Karve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (L.Y.); (H.P.); (A.S.K.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (P.D.)
| | - Haizhou Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (H.Z.); (E.J.M.)
| | - Aaron White
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (L.Y.); (H.P.); (A.S.K.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (P.D.)
| | - Samar Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (L.Y.); (H.P.); (A.S.K.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (P.D.)
| | - Pankaj Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (L.Y.); (H.P.); (A.S.K.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (P.D.)
| | - Edward J. Merino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (H.Z.); (E.J.M.)
| | - Joan T. Garrett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0514, USA; (R.M.); (L.Y.); (H.P.); (A.S.K.); (A.W.); (S.A.); (P.D.)
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Bürkel F, Jost T, Hecht M, Heinzerling L, Fietkau R, Distel L. Dual mTOR/DNA-PK Inhibitor CC-115 Induces Cell Death in Melanoma Cells and Has Radiosensitizing Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239321. [PMID: 33297429 PMCID: PMC7730287 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CC-115 is a dual inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase and the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) that is currently being studied in phase I/II clinical trials. DNA-PK is essential for the repair of DNA-double strand breaks (DSB). Radiotherapy is frequently used in the palliative treatment of metastatic melanoma patients and induces DSBs. Melanoma cell lines and healthy-donor skin fibroblast cell lines were treated with CC‑115 and ionizing irradiation (IR). Apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle distribution were analyzed. Colony forming assays were conducted to study radiosensitizing effects. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to determine the activity of homologous recombination (HR). In most of the malign cell lines, an increasing concentration of CC-115 resulted in increased cell death. Furthermore, strong cytotoxic effects were only observed in malignant cell lines. Regarding clonogenicity, all cell lines displayed decreased survival fractions during combined inhibitor and IR treatment and supra-additive effects of the combination were observable in 5 out of 9 melanoma cell lines. CC-115 showed radiosensitizing potential in 7 out of 9 melanoma cell lines, but not in healthy skin fibroblasts. Based on our data CC-115 treatment could be a promising approach for patients with metastatic melanoma, particularly in the combination with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bürkel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.B.); (T.J.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Tina Jost
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.B.); (T.J.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.B.); (T.J.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.B.); (T.J.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
| | - Luitpold Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.B.); (T.J.); (M.H.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-32312
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23
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Nuclear F-actin counteracts nuclear deformation and promotes fork repair during replication stress. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1460-1470. [PMID: 33257806 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous actin (F-actin) provides cells with mechanical support and promotes the mobility of intracellular structures. Although F-actin is traditionally considered to be cytoplasmic, here we reveal that nuclear F-actin participates in the replication stress response. Using live and super-resolution imaging, we find that nuclear F-actin is polymerized in response to replication stress through a pathway regulated by ATR-dependent activation of mTORC1, and nucleation through IQGAP1, WASP and ARP2/3. During replication stress, nuclear F-actin increases the nuclear volume and sphericity to counteract nuclear deformation. Furthermore, F-actin and myosin II promote the mobility of stressed-replication foci to the nuclear periphery through increasingly diffusive motion and directed movements along the nuclear actin filaments. These actin functions promote replication stress repair and suppress chromosome and mitotic abnormalities. Moreover, we find that nuclear F-actin is polymerized in vivo in xenograft tumours after treatment with replication-stress-inducing chemotherapeutic agents, indicating that this pathway has a role in human disease.
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Sakuma S, Raices M, Borlido J, Guglielmi V, Zhu EYS, D'Angelo MA. Inhibition of Nuclear Pore Complex Formation Selectively Induces Cancer Cell Death. Cancer Discov 2020; 11:176-193. [PMID: 32988961 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPC) are the central mediators of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Increasing evidence shows that many cancer cells have increased numbers of NPCs and become addicted to the nuclear transport machinery. How reducing NPC numbers affects the physiology of normal and cancer cells and whether it could be exploited for cancer therapies has not been investigated. We report that inhibition of NPC formation, a process mostly restricted to proliferating cells, causes selective cancer cell death, prevents tumor growth, and induces tumor regression. Although cancer cells die in response to NPC assembly inhibition, normal cells undergo a reversible cell-cycle arrest that allows them to survive. Mechanistically, reducing NPC numbers results in multiple alterations contributing to cancer cell death, including abnormalities in nuclear transport, catastrophic alterations in gene expression, and the selective accumulation of DNA damage. Our findings uncover the NPC formation process as a novel targetable pathway in cancer cells. SIGNIFICANCE: Reducing NPC numbers in cancer cells induces death, prevents tumor growth, and results in tumor regression. Conversely, normal cells undergo a reversible cell-cycle arrest in response to inhibition of NPC assembly. These findings expose the potential of targeting NPC formation in cancer.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sakuma
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California. NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Marcela Raices
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California. NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Joana Borlido
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California. NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Valeria Guglielmi
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California. NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ethan Y S Zhu
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California. NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California. NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California.
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25
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Laribee RN, Weisman R. Nuclear Functions of TOR: Impact on Transcription and the Epigenome. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E641. [PMID: 32532005 PMCID: PMC7349558 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase is at the core of growth factor- and nutrient-dependent signaling pathways that are well-known for their regulation of metabolism, growth, and proliferation. However, TOR is also involved in the regulation of gene expression, genomic and epigenomic stability. TOR affects nuclear functions indirectly through its activity in the cytoplasm, but also directly through active nuclear TOR pools. The mechanisms by which TOR regulates its nuclear functions are less well-understood compared with its cytoplasmic activities. TOR is an important pharmacological target for several diseases, including cancer, metabolic and neurological disorders. Thus, studies of the nuclear functions of TOR are important for our understanding of basic biological processes, as well as for clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Nicholas Laribee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 South Manassas, Cancer Research Building Rm 318, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ronit Weisman
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, The Open University of Israel, University Road 1, Ra’anana 4353701, Israel
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26
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Huang TT, Lampert EJ, Coots C, Lee JM. Targeting the PI3K pathway and DNA damage response as a therapeutic strategy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2020; 86:102021. [PMID: 32311593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2020.102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy worldwide although exponential progress has been made in its treatment over the last decade. New agents and novel combination treatments are on the horizon. Among many new drugs, a series of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway (referred to as the PI3K pathway) inhibitors are under development or already in clinical testing. The PI3K pathway is frequently upregulated in ovarian cancer and activated PI3K signaling contributes to increased cell survival and chemoresistance. However, no significant clinical success has been achieved with the PI3K pathway inhibitor(s) to date, reflecting the complex biology and also highlighting the need for combination treatment strategies. DNA damage repair pathways have been active therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer. Emerging data suggest the PI3K pathway is also involved in DNA replication and genome stability, making DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors as an attractive combination treatment for PI3K pathway blockades. This review describes an expanded role for the PI3K pathway in the context of DDR and cell cycle regulation. We also present the novel treatment strategies combining PI3K pathway inhibitors with DDR blockades to improve the efficacy of these inhibitors for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Huang
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Erika J Lampert
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Coots
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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27
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Crino PB. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 101:106550. [PMID: 31732331 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a critical role in brain development, neuronal shape and size, and synaptic plasticity, as well as learning and memory. Mutations in mTOR pathway genes (MPG) cause malformations of cortical development (MCDs) that are highly associated with often intractable epilepsy, thus highlighting an association between the mTOR pathway and establishment of the epileptic network. A growing body of preclinical evidence in in vitro and rodent model systems suggests that mTOR signaling may be altered in status epilepticus (SE) and that modulation of mTOR activation with mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin (sirolimus) could provide new therapeutic avenues for treatment of both refractory epilepsy and SE. Rapamycin may have ubiquitous effects on all neuronal subtypes as well as astrocytes and seems to prevent the development of seizures following experimentally induced SE. To date, there have been no human studies focused on mTOR signaling in SE, but clearly, preclinical data support investigation into this pivotal cell signaling pathway. Thus, modulation of the mTOR pathway may provide a new strategy for treatment of SE and could have implications for the prevention of epilepsy in patients with SE. This article is part of the Special Issue "Proceedings of the 7th London-Innsbruck Colloquium on Status Epilepticus and Acute Seizures".
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Crino
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 S. Paca St., Baltimore, MD 21201, United States of America.
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28
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Bacolla A, Tainer JA. DNA damage response mechanisms and structures fundamental to cancer research progress. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 147:1-3. [PMID: 31470026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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