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Dilenko H, Bartoň Tománková K, Válková L, Hošíková B, Kolaříková M, Malina L, Bajgar R, Kolářová H. Graphene-Based Photodynamic Therapy and Overcoming Cancer Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5637-5680. [PMID: 38882538 PMCID: PMC11179671 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s461300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapy that has made significant progress in treating different diseases, including cancer, by utilizing new nanotechnology products such as graphene and its derivatives. Graphene-based materials have large surface area and photothermal effects thereby making them suitable candidates for PDT or photo-active drug carriers. The remarkable photophysical properties of graphene derivates facilitate the efficient generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation, which destroys cancer cells. Surface functionalization of graphene and its materials can also enhance their biocompatibility and anticancer activity. The paper delves into the distinct roles played by graphene-based materials in PDT such as photosensitizers (PS) and drug carriers while at the same time considers how these materials could be used to circumvent cancer resistance. This will provide readers with an extensive discussion of various pathways contributing to PDT inefficiency. Consequently, this comprehensive review underscores the vital roles that graphene and its derivatives may play in emerging PDT strategies for cancer treatment and other medical purposes. With a better comprehension of the current state of research and the existing challenges, the integration of graphene-based materials in PDT holds great promise for developing targeted, effective, and personalized cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Dilenko
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bartoň Tománková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Válková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hošíková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kolaříková
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Malina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Bajgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolářová
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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2
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Roy N, Paira P. Glutathione Depletion and Stalwart Anticancer Activity of Metallotherapeutics Inducing Programmed Cell Death: Opening a New Window for Cancer Therapy. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20670-20701. [PMID: 38764686 PMCID: PMC11097382 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The cellular defense system against exogenous substances makes therapeutics inefficient as intracellular glutathione (GSH) exhibits an astounding antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or other free radicals produced by the therapeutics. In the cancer cell microenvironment, the intracellular GSH level becomes exceptionally high to fight against oxidative stress created by the production of ROS/RNS or any free radicals, which are the byproducts of intracellular redox reactions or cellular respiration processes. Thus, in order to maintain redox homeostasis for survival of cancer cells and their rapid proliferation, the GSH level starts to escalate. In this circumstance, the administration of anticancer therapeutics is in vain, as the elevated GSH level reduces their potential by reduction or by scavenging the ROS/RNS they produce. Therefore, in order to augment the therapeutic potential of anticancer agents against elevated GSH condition, the GSH level must be depleted by hook or by crook. Hence, this Review aims to compile precisely the role of GSH in cancer cells, the importance of its depletion for cancer therapy and examples of anticancer activity of a few selected metal complexes which are able to trigger cancer cell death by depleting the GSH level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilmadhab Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Priyankar Paira
- Department of Chemistry, School of
Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of
Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamilnadu, India
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3
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Onoue R, Watanabe H, Ono M. Development of Novel Bimodal Agents Based on Near-Infrared BODIPY-Conjugated Hoechst Derivatives for Combined Use in Auger Electron and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1395-1403. [PMID: 38751619 PMCID: PMC11091974 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Auger electron therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have attracted attention as powerful anticancer modalities. Herein, we report the development of novel bimodal agents for Auger electron therapy and PDT, and their application to combination therapy. [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 and [125I]NBH-2/NBH-2, composing Hoechst and iodostyryl-BODIPY, were synthesized and evaluated regarding their usefulness as bimodal agents. [125I]NBH-1 showed significantly higher nuclear uptake than [125I]NBH-2 and radioactivity-dependent cytotoxicity induced by Auger electrons. In addition, NBH-1 exhibited photoinduced cytotoxicity. Combination therapy using [125I]NBH-1 and NBH-1 with light irradiation induced a superior cytotoxicity to these treatments alone. In tumor-bearing mice injected with NBH-1 or [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 under light irradiation, significant tumor growth inhibition was observed compared with that of the control group. Especially, [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 under light irradiation showed the strongest therapeutic effects among all treatments. These results suggest that [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 is a potent bimodal agent for Auger therapy and PDT and that combination therapy using [125I]NBH-1 and NBH-1 shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Onoue
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Wu D, Wang J, Du X, Cao Y, Ping K, Liu D. Cucurbit[8]uril-based supramolecular theranostics. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:235. [PMID: 38725031 PMCID: PMC11084038 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Different from most of the conventional platforms with dissatisfactory theranostic capabilities, supramolecular nanotheranostic systems have unparalleled advantages via the artful combination of supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology. Benefiting from the tunable stimuli-responsiveness and compatible hierarchical organization, host-guest interactions have developed into the most popular mainstay for constructing supramolecular nanoplatforms. Characterized by the strong and diverse complexation property, cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) shows great potential as important building blocks for supramolecular theranostic systems. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of CB[8]-based supramolecular theranostics regarding the design, manufacture and theranostic mechanism. Meanwhile, the current limitations and corresponding reasonable solutions as well as the potential future development are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlong Du
- Bethune First Clinical Medical College, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibin Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunmin Ping
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Aebisher D, Rogóż K, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Wiench R, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bartusik-Aebisher D. The use of photodynamic therapy in medical practice. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1373263. [PMID: 38803535 PMCID: PMC11129581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1373263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy, especially for tumors near sensitive areas, demands precise treatment. This review explores photodynamic therapy (PDT), a method leveraging photosensitizers (PS), specific wavelength light, and oxygen to target cancer effectively. Recent advancements affirm PDT's efficacy, utilizing ROS generation to induce cancer cell death. With a history spanning over decades, PDT's dynamic evolution has expanded its application across dermatology, oncology, and dentistry. This review aims to dissect PDT's principles, from its inception to contemporary medical applications, highlighting its role in modern cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Kacper Rogóż
- English Division Science Club, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Rafał Wiench
- Department of Periodontal Diseases and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom, Poland
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
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6
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Carobeli LR, Santos ABC, Martins LBM, Damke E, Consolaro MEL. Recent advances in photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy for cervical cancer: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:263-282. [PMID: 38549400 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2337259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the evidence that photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with chemotherapy presents great potential to overcome the limitations of monotherapy, little is known about the current status of this combination against cervical cancer. This systematic review aimed to address the currently available advances in combining PDT and chemotherapy in different research models and clinical trials of cervical cancer. METHODS We conducted a systematic review based on PRISMA Statement and Open Science Framework review protocol using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, and Cochrane databases. We selected original articles focusing on 'Uterine Cervical Neoplasms' and 'Photochemotherapy and Chemotherapy' published in the last 10 years. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using the CONSORT and SYRCLE tools. RESULTS Twenty-three original articles were included, focusing on HeLa cells, derived from endocervical adenocarcinoma and on combinations of several chemotherapeutics. Most of the combinations used modern drug delivery systems for improved simultaneous delivery and presented promising results with increased cytotoxicity compared to monotherapy. CONCLUSION Despite the scarcity of animal studies and the absence of clinical studies, the combination of chemotherapy with PDT presents a potential option for cervical cancer therapy requiring additional studies. OSF REGISTRATION https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/WPHN5 [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimara Rodrigues Carobeli
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Camillo Santos
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson Damke
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcia Edilaine Lopes Consolaro
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biosciences and Physiopathology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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7
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Mendes de Almeida Junior A, Ferreira AS, Camacho SA, Gontijo Moreira L, de Toledo KA, Oliveira ON, Aoki PHB. Enhancing Phototoxicity in Human Colorectal Tumor Cells Through Nanoarchitectonics for Synergistic Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38652860 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapies are promising for noninvasive treatment of aggressive tumors, especially when combining heat induction and oxidative processes. Herein, we show enhanced phototoxicity of gold shell-isolated nanorods conjugated with toluidine blue-O (AuSHINRs@TBO) against human colorectal tumor cells (Caco-2) with synergic effects of photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic therapies (PDT). Mitochondrial metabolic activity tests (MTT) performed on Caco-2 cell cultures indicated a photothermal effect from AuSHINRs owing to enhanced light absorption from the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The phototoxicity against Caco-2 cells was further increased with AuSHINRs@TBO where oxidative processes, such as hydroperoxidation, were also present, leading to a cell viability reduction from 85.5 to 39.0%. The molecular-level mechanisms responsible for these effects were investigated on bioinspired tumor membranes using Langmuir monolayers of Caco-2 lipid extract. Polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) revealed that the AuSHINRs@TBO incorporation is due to attractive electrostatic interactions with negatively charged groups of the Caco-2 lipid extract, resulting in the expansion of surface pressure isotherms. Upon irradiation, Caco-2 lipid extract monolayers containing AuSHINRs@TBO (1:1 v/v) exhibited ca. 1.0% increase in surface area. This is attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their interaction with Caco-2 lipid extract monolayers, leading to hydroperoxide formation. The oxidative effects are facilitated by AuSHINRs@TBO penetration into the polar groups of the extract, allowing oxidative reactions with carbon chain unsaturations. These mechanisms are consistent with findings from confocal fluorescence microscopy, where the Caco-2 plasma membrane was the primary site of the cell death induction process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Satoshi Ferreira
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Aléssio Camacho
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gontijo Moreira
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Alves de Toledo
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo N Oliveira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Benites Aoki
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, SP 19806-900, Brazil
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8
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Tao Z, Li X, Yu H, Wu J, Wen Y, Liu T. Photodynamic Therapy of LD4-Photosensitizer Attenuates the Acute Pneumonia Induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1101-1113. [PMID: 38633581 PMCID: PMC11020065 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacterium that induces acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammation in humans, necessitating immediate hospitalization and treatment. At present, the clinical treatment is largely dependent on hormones or antibiotics but is associated with drawbacks posed by the lack of eradication of the bacterium upon treatment and drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel and effective treatments. The current study investigated the treatment of K. pneumonia-induced ALI using a photosensitizer LD4 in conjunction with photodynamic therapy (PDT). The water content in the lungs (corresponding to edema) of a rat model of pneumonia induced by K. pneumoniae was reduced upon treatment with LD4-PDT. The counts of leukocyte, lymphocyte, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte in the blood were determined in the rat model of pneumonia, as were the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (estimated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The LD4-PDT treatment prominently reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, superoxide dismutase, and immune cells. Results suggest that LD4-PDT considerably alleviates the inflammation and oxidative stress caused by K. pneumoniae in the rat model of pneumonia. Furthermore, it could effectively improve the survival rate in the rat model of K. pneumonia-induced pneumonia and ameliorate histological changes while protecting the integrity of the pulmonary epithelial cells. These results highlight the potential application of LD4 as a photosensitizer for treating acute pneumonia induced by K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Tao
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Pathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongzhi Yu
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junping Wu
- Department
of Infection, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Tianjin
Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science
and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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9
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Jézéquel YA, Svěrák F, Ramundo A, Orel V, Martínek M, Klán P. Structure-Photoreactivity Relationship Study of Substituted 3-Hydroxyflavones and 3-Hydroxyflavothiones for Improving Carbon Monoxide Photorelease. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4888-4903. [PMID: 38517741 PMCID: PMC11002828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is notorious for its toxic effects but is also recognized as a gasotransmitter with considerable therapeutic potential. Due to the inherent challenges in its delivery, the utilization of organic CO photoreleasing molecules (photoCORMs) represents an interesting alternative to CO administration characterized by high spatial and temporal precision of release. This paper focused on the design, synthesis, and photophysical and photochemical studies of 20 3-hydroxyflavone (flavonol) and 3-hydroxyflavothione derivatives as photoCORMs. Newly synthesized compounds bearing various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups show bathochromically shifted absorption maxima and considerably enhanced CO release yields compared to the parent unsubstituted flavonol, exceeding 0.8 equiv of released CO in derivatives exhibiting excited states with a charge-transfer character. Until now, such outcomes have been limited to flavonol derivatives possessing a π-extended aromatic system. In addition, thione analogs of flavonols, 3-hydroxyflavothiones, show substantial bathochromic shifts of their absorption maxima and enhanced photosensitivity but provide lower yields of CO formation. Our study elucidates in detail the mechanism of CO photorelease from flavonols and flavothiones, utilizing steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies and photoproduct analyses, with a particular emphasis on unraveling the structure-photoreactivity relationship and understanding competing side processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann A. Jézéquel
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Filip Svěrák
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Ramundo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Vojtěch Orel
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Martínek
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech
Republic
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10
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Li X, Wang X, Shen T, Xiong J, Ma Q, Guo G, Zhu F. Advances in photodynamic therapy of pathologic scar. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 46:104040. [PMID: 38462122 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Pathologic scars include keloids and hypertrophic scars due to abnormal wound healing. Both cause symptoms of itching and pain; they also affect one's appearance and may even constrain movement. Such scars place a heavy burden on the individual's physical and mental health; moreover, treatment with surgery alone is highly likely to leave more scarring. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a treatment that is both minimally invasive and convenient. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging safe and noninvasive technology wherein photosensitizers and specific light sources are used to treat malignant tumors and skin diseases. Research on PDT from both the laboratory and clinic has been reported. These findings on the treatment of pathologic scars using photosensitizers, light sources, and other mechanisms are reviewed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tuo Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jianxiang Xiong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qimin Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Guanghua Guo
- Medical Center of Burn Plastic and Wound Repair, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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11
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Gillard M, Troian-Gautier L, Decottignies A, Elias B. pH-Activatable Ruthenium(II) Fluorescein Salphen Schiff Base Photosensitizers for Theranostic Applications. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2549-2558. [PMID: 38345026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes exhibit a lack of selectivity toward cancer tissues despite extensive studies as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, we report pH-activatable RuII photosensitizers for molecularly targeted PDT by exploiting the higher acidity of tumoral tissue. The fluorescein moiety, well known for its high pH sensitivity, was connected to a RuII center to yield novel photosensitizers for pH-sensitive 1O2 photogeneration. Their ability to photosensitize molecular dioxygen was studied at various pHs and revealed a drastic enhancement from 0.07 to 0.66 of the 1O2 quantum yield under acidic conditions (pH 7.5 to pH 5.5). Their photocytotoxicity against U2OS osteosarcoma cells was also investigated at pH 5.5 and 7.5 through IC50 determination. A strong enhancement of the photocytotoxicity reaching 930 nM was observed at pH 5.5, which showed the potential of such photosensitizers for pH-activatable PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gillard
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Anabelle Decottignies
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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12
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Liguori GL. Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry. Cells 2024; 13:336. [PMID: 38391949 PMCID: PMC10886570 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is a rare but extremely aggressive brain tumor that significantly impacts patient outcomes, affecting both duration and quality of life. The protocol established by Stupp and colleagues in 2005, based on radiotherapy and chemotherapy with Temozolomide, following maximum safe surgical resection remains the gold standard for GB treatment; however, it is evident nowadays that the extreme intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, as well as the invasiveness and tendency to recur, of GB are not compatible with a routine and unfortunately ineffective treatment. This review article summarizes the main challenges in the search for new valuable therapies for GB and focuses on the impact that extracellular vesicle (EV) research and exploitation may have in the field. EVs are natural particles delimited by a lipidic bilayer and filled with functional cellular content that are released and uptaken by cells as key means of cell communication. Furthermore, EVs are stable in body fluids and well tolerated by the immune system, and are able to cross physiological, interspecies, and interkingdom barriers and to target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules. Therefore, EVs have the potential to be ideal allies in the fight against GB and to improve the prognosis for GB patients. The present work describes the main preclinical results obtained so far on the use of EVs for GB treatment, focusing on both the EV sources and molecular cargo used in the various functional studies, primarily in vivo. Finally, a SWOT analysis is performed, highlighting the main advantages and pitfalls of developing EV-based GB therapeutic strategies. The analysis also suggests the main directions to explore to realize the possibility of exploiting EVs for the treatment of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L Liguori
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB) "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council (CNR) of Italy, 80131 Naples, Italy
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13
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Xu T, Mi L, Namulinda T, Chen D, Yan YJ, Chen ZL. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 5,15-diaryltetranaphtho [2,3]porphyrins as photosensitizers in real-time photodynamic therapy and photodiagnosis. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115980. [PMID: 38039789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
In the pursuit of new potent photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) with better efficacy, a series of 5,15-diaryltetranaphtho [2,3]porphyrins (Ar2TNPs) with two or four carboxyalkoxy groups were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. These new compounds exhibited strong, broad and red-shifted UV-vis absorptions at 729 nm and other strong absorptions at 446, 475, 650, 659, 714 nm for tumors and other diseases of varying sizes and depths. They possess high molar extinction coefficients (0.95 × 105-1.48 × 105 M-1 cm-1), good singlet oxygen quantum yields and photodynamic antitumor effects towards Eca-109 cells in vitro. It is suggested that the extension of porphyrin with naphthalene into Ar2TNP results into remarkable improvement of photophysical characteristics, while the introduction of carboxyalkoxy groups on meso-phenyl can significantly improve the solubility and photodynamic effects in vitro and in vivo. Notably, compound II3 can localize primarily in lysosomes of Eca-109 cells and induce substantial cell apoptosis after PDT. It can also selectively accumulate in tumor tissues and be traced real-timely through in vivo fluorescence imaging with distinctive inhibition of tumor growth. Therefore, compound II3 deserves to be considered as a promising PDT drug candidate for individualized tumor real-time tracing and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Biology and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Le Mi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Biology and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tabbisa Namulinda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Biology and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Danye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Yi-Jia Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Shanghai Xianhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zhi-Long Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, College of Biology and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Pharmacy, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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14
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Alvarez N, Sevilla A. Current Advances in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and the Future Potential of PDT-Combinatorial Cancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1023. [PMID: 38256096 PMCID: PMC10815790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a two-stage treatment that implies the use of light energy, oxygen, and light-activated compounds (photosensitizers) to elicit cancerous and precancerous cell death after light activation (phototoxicity). The biophysical, bioengineering aspects and its combinations with other strategies are highlighted in this review, both conceptually and as they are currently applied clinically. We further explore the recent advancements of PDT with the use of nanotechnology, including quantum dots as innovative photosensitizers or energy donors as well as the combination of PDT with radiotherapy and immunotherapy as future promising cancer treatments. Finally, we emphasize the potential significance of organoids as physiologically relevant models for PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niuska Alvarez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ana Sevilla
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Ramundo A, Janoš J, Muchová L, Šranková M, Dostál J, Kloz M, Vítek L, Slavíček P, Klán P. Visible-Light-Activated Carbon Monoxide Release from Porphyrin-Flavonol Hybrids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:920-929. [PMID: 38157303 PMCID: PMC10785818 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We report on porphyrin-flavonol hybrids consisting of a porphyrin antenna and four covalently bound 3-hydroxyflavone (flavonol) groups, which act as highly efficient photoactivatable carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecules (photoCORMs). These bichromophoric systems enable activation of the UV-absorbing flavonol chromophore by visible light up to 650 nm and offer precise spatial and temporal control of CO administration. The physicochemical properties of the porphyrin antenna system can also be tuned by inserting a metal cation. Our computational study revealed that the process occurs via endergonic triplet-triplet energy transfer from porphyrin to flavonol and may become feasible thanks to flavonol energy stabilization upon intramolecular proton transfer. This mechanism was also indirectly supported by steady-state and transient absorption spectroscopy techniques. Additionally, the porphyrin-flavonol hybrids were found to be biologically benign. With four flavonol CO donors attached to a single porphyrin chromophore, high CO release yields, excellent uncaging cross sections, low toxicity, and CO therapeutic properties, these photoCORMs offer exceptional potential for their further development and future biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ramundo
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Jiří Janoš
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Technická
5, 16628 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Muchová
- Institute
of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department
of Internal Medicine, General University
Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Šranková
- Institute
of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department
of Internal Medicine, General University
Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Dostál
- ELI
Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure
ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kloz
- ELI
Beamlines Facility, The Extreme Light Infrastructure
ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, 25241 Dolní Břežany, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute
of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4th Department
of Internal Medicine, General University
Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Na Bojišti 3, 12108 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry
and Technology, Technická
5, 16628 Prague
6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- RECETOX,
Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech
Republic
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16
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Merlin JPJ, Crous A, Abrahamse H. Nano-phototherapy: Favorable prospects for cancer treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1930. [PMID: 37752098 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based phototherapies have drawn interest in the fight against cancer because of its noninvasiveness, high flexibility, and precision in terms of cancer targeting and drug delivery based on its surface properties and size. Phototherapy has made remarkable development in recent decades. Approaches to phototherapy, which utilize nanomaterials or nanotechnology have emerged to contribute to advances around nanotechnologies in medicine, particularly for cancers. A brief overviews of the development of photodynamic therapy as well as its mechanism in cancer treatment is provided. We emphasize the design of novel nanoparticles utilized in photodynamic therapy while summarizing the representative progress during the recent years. Finally, to forecast important future research in this area, we examine the viability and promise of photodynamic therapy systems based on nanoparticles in clinical anticancer treatment applications and briefly make mention of the elimination of all reactive metabolites pertaining to nano formulations inside living organisms providing insight into clinical mechanistic processes. Future developments and therapeutic prospects for photodynamic treatments are anticipated. Our viewpoints might encourage scientists to create more potent phototherapy-based cancer therapeutic modalities. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Jose Merlin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anine Crous
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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17
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Ng XY, Fong KW, Kiew LV, Chung PY, Liew YK, Delsuc N, Zulkefeli M, Low ML. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes as emerging photosensitisers for antibacterial photodynamic therapy. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 250:112425. [PMID: 37977020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently emerged as a potential valuable alternative to treat microbial infections. In PDT, singlet oxygen is generated in the presence of photosensitisers and oxygen under light irradiation of a specific wavelength, causing cytotoxic damage to bacteria. This review highlights different generations of photosensitisers and the common characteristics of ideal photosensitisers. It also focuses on the emergence of ruthenium and more specifically on Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes as metal-based photosensitisers used in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Their photochemical and photophysical properties as well as structures are discussed while relating them to their phototoxicity. The use of Ru(II) complexes with recent advancements such as nanoformulations, combinatory therapy and photothermal therapy to improve on previous shortcomings of the complexes are outlined. Future perspectives of these complexes used in two-photon PDT, photoacoustic imaging and sonotherapy are also discussed. This review covers the literature published from 2017 to 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Ng
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kar Wai Fong
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pooi Yin Chung
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yun Khoon Liew
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicolas Delsuc
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieur, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mohd Zulkefeli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - May Lee Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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18
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Moloudi K, Abrahamse H, George BP. Nanotechnology-mediated photodynamic therapy: Focus on overcoming tumor hypoxia. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1937. [PMID: 38072393 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The oxygen level in the tumor is a critical marker that determines response to different treatments. Cancerous cells can adapt to hypoxia and low pH conditions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to regulate tumor metabolism, proliferation, and promote tumor metastasis as well as angiogenesis, consequently leading to treatment failure and recurrence. In recent years, widespread attempts have been made to overcome tumor hypoxia through different methods, such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), hyperthermia, O2 carriers, artificial hemoglobin, oxygen generator hydrogels, and peroxide materials. While oxygen is found to be an essential agent to improve the treatment response of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and other cancer treatment modalities, the development of hypoxia within the tumor is highly associated with PDT failure. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has been a hot topic for researchers and exploited to overcome hypoxia through Oxygen-generating hydrogels, O2 nanocarriers, and O2 -generating nanoparticles. This review aimed to discuss the role of nanotechnology in tumor oxygenation and highlight the challenges, prospective, and recent advances in this area to improve PDT outcomes. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kave Moloudi
- Laser Research Centre (LRC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre (LRC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Blassan P George
- Laser Research Centre (LRC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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19
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Nisa K, Lone IA, Arif W, Singh P, Rehmen SU, Kumar R. Applications of supramolecular assemblies in drug delivery and photodynamic therapy. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2438-2458. [PMID: 38107171 PMCID: PMC10718592 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the world's serious health challenges is cancer. Anti-cancer agents delivered to normal cells and tissues pose several problems and challenges. In this connection, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic technique used for selectively destroying malignant cells while sparing the normal tissues. Development in photosensitisers (PSs) and light sources have to be made for PDT as a first option treatment for patients. In the pursuit of developing new attractive molecules and their formulations for PDT, researchers are working on developing such type of PSs that perform better than those being currently used. For the widespread clinical utilization of PDT, effective PSs are of particular importance. Host-guest interactions based on nanographene assemblies such as functionalized hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronenes, hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes and coronene have attracted increasing attention owing to less complicated synthetic steps and purification processes (gel permeation chromatography) during fabrication. Noncovalent interactions provide easy and facile approaches for building supramolecular PSs and enable them to have sensitive and controllable photoactivities, which are important for maximizing photodynamic effects and minimizing side effects. Various versatile supramolecular assemblies based on cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, porphyrins and pillararenes have been designed in order to make PDT an effective therapeutic technique for curing cancer and tumours. The supramolecular assemblies of porphyrins display efficient electron transfer and fluorescence for use in bioimaging and PDT. The multifunctionalization of supramolecular assemblies is used for designing biomedically active PSs, which are helpful in PDT. It is anticipated that the development of these functionalized supramolecular assemblies will provide more fascinating advances in PDT and will dramatically expand the potential and possibilities in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kharu Nisa
- Department of Chemistry, Material Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Srinagar 190006 India
| | - Ishfaq Ahmad Lone
- Department of Chemistry, Material Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Srinagar 190006 India
| | - Waseem Arif
- Department of Chemistry, Material Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Srinagar 190006 India
| | - Preeti Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University Meerut-250005 India
| | - Sajad Ur Rehmen
- Department of Chemistry, Material Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Srinagar 190006 India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Material Chemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Technology Srinagar 190006 India
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20
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Soy R, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. The photodynamic activity properties of a series of structurally analogous tetraarylporphyrin, chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes and their Sn(IV) complexes. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103815. [PMID: 37777078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of tetraarylporphyrin, -chlorin and N-confused porphyrin dyes with 4‑methoxy‑meso-aryl rings (1-Por, 1-Chl and 1-NCP) and their Sn(IV) complexes (1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP) have been synthesized and characterized. The heavy atom effect of the Sn(IV) ion results in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.67, 0.71 and 0.85 for 1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP, respectively. The photodynamic activities of 1-Por, 1-Chl, 1-NCP, 1-SnPor, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP were determined against MCF-7 breast cancer cells through illumination with Thorlabs 625 or 660 nm (240 or 280 mW.cm-2) light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 20 min. The IC50 values for 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP lie between 1.4 - 6.1 and 1.6 - 4.8 µM upon photoirradiation with the 660 and 625 nm LEDs, respectively, while higher values of >10 µM were obtained for 1-SnPor and the free base dyes. In a similar manner, 1-SnChl and 1-SnNCP were found to also have significantly higher photodynamic antimicrobial activity against planktonic Gram-(+) Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-(-) Escherichia coli bacteria than the other dyes studied. Upon illumination with Thorlabs 625 and 660 nm LEDs for 75 min, Log10 reduction values of 7.62 and > 2.40-3.69 were obtained with 1 and 5 µM solutions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah Soy
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, SRM University - AP, Amaravati 522502, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa.
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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21
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Przygoda M, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Dynarowicz K, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D. Cellular Mechanisms of Singlet Oxygen in Photodynamic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16890. [PMID: 38069213 PMCID: PMC10706571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we delve into the realm of photodynamic therapy (PDT), an established method for combating cancer. The foundation of PDT lies in the activation of a photosensitizing agent using specific wavelengths of light, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), notably singlet oxygen (1O2). We explore PDT's intricacies, emphasizing its precise targeting of cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue. We examine the pivotal role of singlet oxygen in initiating apoptosis and other cell death pathways, highlighting its potential for minimally invasive cancer treatment. Additionally, we delve into the complex interplay of cellular components, including catalase and NOX1, in defending cancer cells against PDT-induced oxidative and nitrative stress. We unveil an intriguing auto-amplifying mechanism involving secondary singlet oxygen production and catalase inactivation, offering promising avenues for enhancing PDT's effectiveness. In conclusion, our review unravels PDT's inner workings and underscores the importance of selective illumination and photosensitizer properties for achieving precision in cancer therapy. The exploration of cellular responses and interactions reveals opportunities for refining and optimizing PDT, which holds significant potential in the ongoing fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Przygoda
- Students English Division Science Club, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-315 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College of The University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
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22
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Yadav R, Das PP, Sharma S, Sengupta S, Kumar D, Sagar R. Recent advancement of nanomedicine-based targeted delivery for cervical cancer treatment. Med Oncol 2023; 40:347. [PMID: 37930458 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a huge worldwide health burden, impacting women in impoverished nations in particular. Traditional therapeutic approaches, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, frequently result in systemic toxicity and ineffectiveness. Nanomedicine has emerged as a viable strategy for targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs to cancer cells while decreasing off-target effects and increasing treatment success in recent years. Nanomedicine for cervical cancer introduces several novel aspects that distinguish it from previous treatment options such as tailored delivery system, precision targeting, combination therapies, real-time monitoring and diverse nanocarriers to overcome the limitations of one another. This abstract presents recent advances in nanomedicine-based tailored delivery systems for the treatment of cervical cancer. Liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes have all been intensively studied for their ability to transport chemotherapeutic medicines, nucleic acids, and imaging agents to cervical cancer cells. Because of the way these nanocarriers are designed, they may cross biological barriers and preferentially aggregate at the tumor site, boosting medicine concentration and lowering negative effects on healthy tissues. Surface modification of nanocarriers with targeting ligands like antibodies, peptides, or aptamers improves specificity for cancer cells by identifying overexpressed receptors or antigens on the tumor surface. Furthermore, nanomedicine-based techniques have made it possible to co-deliver numerous therapeutic drugs, allowing for synergistic effects and overcoming drug resistance. In preclinical and clinical investigations, combination treatments comprising chemotherapeutic medicines, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy have showed encouraging results, opening up new avenues for individualized and multimodal treatment regimens. Furthermore, the inclusion of contrast agents and imaging probes into nanocarrier systems has enabled real-time monitoring and imaging of treatment response. This enables the assessment of therapy efficacy, the early diagnosis of recurrence, and the optimization of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Priyanku Pradip Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sounok Sengupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India.
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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23
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Akbar A, Khan S, Chatterjee T, Ghosh M. Unleashing the power of porphyrin photosensitizers: Illuminating breakthroughs in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 248:112796. [PMID: 37804542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review provides the current trends and recent developments of porphyrin-based photosensitizers. We discuss their evolution from first-generation to third-generation compounds, including cutting-edge nanoparticle-integrated derivatives, and explores their pivotal role in advancing photodynamic therapy (PDT) for enhanced cancer treatment. Integrating porphyrins with nanoparticles represents a promising avenue, offering improved selectivity, reduced toxicity, and heightened biocompatibility. By elucidating recent breakthroughs, innovative methodologies, and emerging applications, this review provides a panoramic snapshot of the dynamic field, addressing challenges and charting prospects. With a focus on harnessing reactive oxygen species (ROS) through light activation, PDT serves as a minimally invasive therapeutic approach. This article offers a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and PDT enthusiasts, highlighting the potential of porphyrin photosensitizers to improve the future of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alibasha Akbar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Syamantak Khan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Kapra Mandal, Hyderabad 500078, Telangana, India
| | - Mihir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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24
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Luo H, Gao S. Recent advances in fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy for cancer: From near-infrared-I to near-infrared-II. J Control Release 2023; 362:425-445. [PMID: 37660989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy (including photothermal therapy, PTT; and photodynamic therapy, PDT) has been widely used for cancer treatment, but conventional PTT/PDT show limited therapeutic effects due to the lack of disease recognition ability. The integration of fluorescence imaging with PTT/PDT can reveal tumor locations in a real-time manner, holding great potential in early diagnosis and precision treatment of cancers. However, the traditional fluorescence imaging in the visible and near-infrared-I regions (VIS/NIR-I, 400-900 nm) might be interfered by the scattering and autofluorescence from tissues, leading to a low imaging resolution and high false positive rate. The deeper near-infrared-II (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) fluorescence imaging can address these interferences. Combining NIR-II fluorescence imaging with PTT/PDT can significantly improve the accuracy of tumor theranostics and minimize damages to normal tissues. This review summarized recent advances in tumor PTT/PDT and NIR-II fluorophores, especially discussed achievements, challenges and prospects around NIR-II fluorescence imaging-guided PTT/PDT for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqi Luo
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Shuai Gao
- Harvey Cushing Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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25
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Shilyagina NY, Shestakova LN, Peskova NN, Lermontova SA, Lyubova TS, Klapshina LG, Balalaeva IV. Cyanoarylporphyrazine dyes: multimodal compounds for personalised photodynamic therapy. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:971-982. [PMID: 37975009 PMCID: PMC10643710 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01134-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is known as an effective primary and adjuvant anticancer treatment. Compounds with improved properties or additional modalities are still needed to create an 'ideal' photosensitizer. In this article, we review cyanoarylporphyrazine dyes for photodynamic (anticancer) therapy that we have synthesised to date. The review provides information on the chemistry of cyanoarylporphyrazines, photophysical properties, cellular uptake features and the use of various carriers for selective delivery of cyanoarylporphyrazines to the tumour. The potential of cyanoarylporphyrazines as photodynamic anti-tumour agents also has been evaluated. The most interesting feature of cyanoarylporphyrazines is the dependence of the fluorescence quantum yield and excited state lifetime on the viscosity of the medium, which makes it possible to use them as viscosity sensors in photodynamic therapy. In the future, we expect that the unique combination of photosensitizer and viscosity sensor properties of cyanoarylporphyrazines will provide a tool for dosimetry and tailoring treatment regimens in photodynamic therapy to the individual characteristics of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Shilyagina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L N Shestakova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinin str., 49, 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - N N Peskova
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - S A Lermontova
- Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinin str., 49, 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - T S Lyubova
- Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinin str., 49, 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - L G Klapshina
- Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinin str., 49, 603137 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - I V Balalaeva
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University, Gagarin Ave., 23, 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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26
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Guo S, Gu D, Yang Y, Tian J, Chen X. Near-infrared photodynamic and photothermal co-therapy based on organic small molecular dyes. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:348. [PMID: 37759287 PMCID: PMC10523653 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) organic small molecule dyes (OSMDs) are effective photothermal agents for photothermal therapy (PTT) due to their advantages of low cost and toxicity, good biodegradation, and strong NIR absorption over a wide wavelength range. Nevertheless, OSMDs have limited applicability in PTT due to their low photothermal conversion efficiency and inadequate destruction of tumor regions that are nonirradiated by NIR light. However, they can also act as photosensitizers (PSs) to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be further eradicated by using ROS-related therapies to address the above limitations of PTT. In this review, the synergistic mechanism, composition, and properties of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-PTT nanoplatforms were comprehensively discussed. In addition, some specific strategies for further improving the combined PTT and PDT based on OSMDs for cancer to completely eradicate cancer cells were outlined. These strategies include performing image-guided co-therapy, enhancing tumor infiltration, increasing H2O2 or O2 in the tumor microenvironment, and loading anticancer drugs onto nanoplatforms to enable combined therapy with phototherapy and chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the intriguing prospects and challenges of this treatment modality were also summarized with a focus on the future trends of its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Guo
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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Wang S, Zhang C, Fang F, Fan Y, Yang J, Zhang J. Beyond traditional light: NIR-II light-activated photosensitizers for cancer therapy. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8315-8326. [PMID: 37523205 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00668a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demand for the accurate and safe treatment of cancer, non-invasive photodynamic therapy (PDT) has received widespread attention. However, most conventional photosensitizers are typically excited by short-wavelength visible light (400-700 nm), thus substantially hindering the penetration of light and the therapeutic effectiveness of the PDT procedure. Fortunately, near-infrared (NIR) light (>700 nm), in particular, light in the second near-infrared region (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) has a higher upper radiation limit, greater tissue tolerance, and deeper tissue penetration compared with traditional short-wavelength light excitation, and shows considerable potential in the clinical treatment of cancer. Therefore, it is of paramount importance and clinical value to develop photosensitizers that are excited by NIR-II light. In this review, for the first time we focus completely on recent progress made with various NIR-II photosensitizers for cancer treatment via PDT, and we briefly present the ongoing challenges and prospects of currently developed NIR-II photosensitizers for clinical practice in the near future. We believe that the above topics will inspire broad interest in researchers from interdisciplinary fields that include chemistry, materials science, pharmaceuticals, and clinical medicine, and provide insightful perspectives for exploiting new NIR-II photosensitizers for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Chuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Yueyun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jiani Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.
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Ortiz-Rodríguez LA, Fang YG, Niogret G, Hadidi K, Hoehn SJ, Folkwein HJ, Jockusch S, Tor Y, Cui G, Levi L, Crespo-Hernández CE. Thieno[3,4- d]pyrimidin-4(3 H)-thione: an effective, oxygenation independent, heavy-atom-free photosensitizer for cancer cells. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8831-8841. [PMID: 37621444 PMCID: PMC10445467 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02592f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
All-organic, heavy-atom-free photosensitizers based on thionation of nucleobases are receiving increased attention because they are easy to make, noncytotoxic, work both in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen, and can be readily incorporated into DNA and RNA. In this contribution, the DNA and RNA fluorescent probe, thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-one, has been thionated to develop thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-thione, which is nonfluorescent and absorbs near-visible radiation with about 60% higher efficiency. Steady-state absorption and emission spectra are combined with transient absorption spectroscopy and CASPT2 calculations to delineate the electronic relaxation mechanisms of both pyrimidine derivatives in aqueous and acetonitrile solutions. It is demonstrated that thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-thione efficiently populates the long-lived and reactive triplet state generating singlet oxygen with a quantum yield of about 80% independent of solvent. It is further shown that thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-thione exhibits high photodynamic efficacy against monolayer melanoma cells and cervical cancer cells both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Our combined spectroscopic, computational, and in vitro data demonstrate the excellent potential of thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(1H)-thione as a heavy-atom-free PDT agent and paves the way for further development of photosensitizers based on the thionation of thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives. Collectively, the experimental and computational results demonstrate that thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-thione stands out as the most promising thiobase photosensitizer developed to this date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Germain Niogret
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Kaivin Hadidi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Sean J Hoehn
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Heather J Folkwein
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University Bowling Green Ohio 43403 USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, Chemistry College, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Liraz Levi
- Celloram Inc Cleveland OH 44106 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland Ohio 44106 USA
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Algorri JF, López-Higuera JM, Rodríguez-Cobo L, Cobo A. Advanced Light Source Technologies for Photodynamic Therapy of Skin Cancer Lesions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2075. [PMID: 37631289 PMCID: PMC10458875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an increasingly popular dermatological treatment not only used for life-threatening skin conditions and other tumors but also for cosmetic purposes. PDT has negligible effects on underlying functional structures, enabling tissue regeneration feasibility. PDT uses a photosensitizer (PS) and visible light to create cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, which can damage cellular organelles and trigger cell death. The foundations of modern photodynamic therapy began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in recent times, it has gained more attention due to the development of new sources and PSs. This review focuses on the latest advancements in light technology for PDT in treating skin cancer lesions. It discusses recent research and developments in light-emitting technologies, their potential benefits and drawbacks, and their implications for clinical practice. Finally, this review summarizes key findings and discusses their implications for the use of PDT in skin cancer treatment, highlighting the limitations of current approaches and providing insights into future research directions to improve both the efficacy and safety of PDT. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of PDT for skin cancer treatment, covering various aspects ranging from the underlying mechanisms to the latest technological advancements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Algorri
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - José Miguel López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Luís Rodríguez-Cobo
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Adolfo Cobo
- Photonics Engineering Group, University of Cantabria, 39005 Santander, Spain;
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
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Li Y, Zhang P, Xie Y, Yang J, Yang Y, Shi L, Wu W, Li Z. Photosensitizers with multiple degradation modes for efficient and postoperatively safe photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122182. [PMID: 37276795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is emerging as a powerful tool for cancer treatment due to its unique advantages in terms of noninvasive and spatiotemporal selectivity. However, the residue of photosensitizers (PSs), which usually lead to thorny post-treatment side effects after photodynamic therapy (PDT), is one of bottlenecks for clinical translation. Herein, PSs with multiple degradation modes are developed to solve this issue. Upon 660 nm laser excitation, PSs can produce different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in which 1O2 and O2·- could kill the cancer cells, while ·OH could oxide the PSs themselves for photodegradation. After PDT, the residual few number of PSs could be further oxidized by endogenous ROS for biodegradation, and the degradation products could be further excreted by urine. This process therefore solves the slow-metabolism issue of traditional PSs. Among them, SQSe demonstrates the highest killing efficiency with best degradation ability, as confirmed by both in vitro and in vivo results. The postoperative safety of SQSe is further verified by assessment on in vivo artificially induced post-operative side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital (The Affiliated Luohu Hospital) of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518001, PR China
| | - Yujun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jiapei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases 3025 Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen, 518001, PR China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Leilei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Universities for Nutritional Metabolism and Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases 3025 Shennan Middle Road, Shenzhen, 518001, PR China.
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China; Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, PR China.
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31
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Ortega-Forte E, Rovira A, López-Corrales M, Hernández-García A, Ballester FJ, Izquierdo-García E, Jordà-Redondo M, Bosch M, Nonell S, Santana MD, Ruiz J, Marchán V, Gasser G. A near-infrared light-activatable Ru(ii)-coumarin photosensitizer active under hypoxic conditions. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7170-7184. [PMID: 37416722 PMCID: PMC10321499 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01844j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, the oxygen dependency of PDT to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) hampers its therapeutic efficacy, especially against hypoxic solid tumors. In addition, some photosensitizers (PSs) have dark toxicity and are only activatable with short wavelengths such as blue or UV-light, which suffer from poor tissue penetration. Herein, we developed a novel hypoxia-active PS with operability in the near-infrared (NIR) region based on the conjugation of a cyclometalated Ru(ii) polypyridyl complex of the type [Ru(C^N)(N^N)2] to a NIR-emitting COUPY dye. The novel Ru(ii)-coumarin conjugate exhibits water-solubility, dark stability in biological media and high photostability along with advantageous luminescent properties that facilitate both bioimaging and phototherapy. Spectroscopic and photobiological studies revealed that this conjugate efficiently generates singlet oxygen and superoxide radical anions, thereby achieving high photoactivity toward cancer cells upon highly-penetrating 740 nm light irradiation even under hypoxic environments (2% O2). The induction of ROS-mediated cancer cell death upon low-energy wavelength irradiation along with the low dark toxicity exerted by this Ru(ii)-coumarin conjugate could circumvent tissue penetration issues while alleviating the hypoxia limitation of PDT. As such, this strategy could pave the way to the development of novel NIR- and hypoxia-active Ru(ii)-based theragnostic PSs fuelled by the conjugation of tunable, low molecular-weight COUPY fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortega-Forte
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Anna Rovira
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Martí i Franquès 1-11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta López-Corrales
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Martí i Franquès 1-11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Alba Hernández-García
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco José Ballester
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Eduardo Izquierdo-García
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Martí i Franquès 1-11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology F-75005 Paris France
| | - Mireia Jordà-Redondo
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Vía Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - Manel Bosch
- Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona Av. Diagonal 643 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull Vía Augusta 390 E-08017 Barcelona Spain
| | - María Dolores Santana
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - José Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Murcia, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca) E-30071 Murcia Spain
| | - Vicente Marchán
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) Martí i Franquès 1-11 E-08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology F-75005 Paris France
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32
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Deng Z, Li H, Chen S, Wang N, Liu G, Liu D, Ou W, Xu F, Wang X, Lei D, Lo PC, Li YY, Lu J, Yang M, He ML, Zhu G. Near-infrared-activated anticancer platinum(IV) complexes directly photooxidize biomolecules in an oxygen-independent manner. Nat Chem 2023:10.1038/s41557-023-01242-w. [PMID: 37353602 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Conventional light-driven cancer therapeutics require oxygen and visible light to indirectly damage biomolecules, limiting their efficacy in deep, hypoxic tumours. Here we report the use of near-infrared-activated small-molecule Pt(IV) photooxidants to directly oxidize intracellular biomolecules in an oxygen-independent manner, achieving controllable and effective elimination of cancer stem cells. These Pt(IV) complexes accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum and show low toxicity in the dark. Upon irradiation, the resultant metal-enhanced photooxidation effect causes them to robustly photooxidize survival-related biomolecules, induce intense oxidative stress, disrupt intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis and initiate nonclassical necrosis. In vivo experiments confirm that the lead photooxidant can effectively inhibit tumour growth, suppress metastasis and activate the immune system. Our study validates the concept of metal-enhanced photooxidation and the subsequent chemotherapeutic applications, supporting the development of such localized photooxidants to directly damage intracellular biomolecules and decrease pHi as a strategy for effective metal-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Huangcan Li
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Gongyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Danjun Liu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Weihui Ou
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Feijie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Pui-Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang Li
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China.
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Chin JD, Zhao L, Mayberry TG, Cowan BC, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. Photodynamic Therapy, Probiotics, Acetic Acid, and Essential Oil in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1721. [PMID: 37376169 PMCID: PMC10301549 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a prevalent medical problem that burdens millions of patients across the world, chronic wounds pose a challenge to the healthcare system. These wounds, often existing as a comorbidity, are vulnerable to infections. Consequently, infections hinder the healing process and complicate clinical management and treatment. While antibiotic drugs remain a popular treatment for infected chronic wounds, the recent rise of antibiotic-resistant strains has hastened the need for alternative treatments. Future impacts of chronic wounds are likely to increase with aging populations and growing obesity rates. With the need for more effective novel treatments, promising research into various wound therapies has seen an increased demand. This review summarizes photodynamic therapy, probiotics, acetic acid, and essential oil studies as developing antibiotic-free treatments for chronic wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinicians may find this review informative by gaining a better understanding of the state of current research into various antibiotic-free treatments. Furthermore. this review provides clinical significance, as clinicians may seek to implement photodynamic therapy, probiotics, acetic acid, or essential oils into their own practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeson D. Chin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei and Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230002, China
| | - Trenton G. Mayberry
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Braydon C. Cowan
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Mark R. Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
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Soy R, Babu B, Mack J, Nyokong T. The Photodynamic Anticancer and Antibacterial Activity Properties of a Series of meso-Tetraarylchlorin Dyes and Their Sn(IV) Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104030. [PMID: 37241769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of tetraarylchlorins with 3-methoxy-, 4-hydroxy- and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl meso-aryl rings (1-3-Chl) and their Sn(IV) complexes (1-3-SnChl) were synthesized and characterized so that their potential utility as photosensitizer dyes for use in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) can be assessed. The photophysicochemical properties of the dyes were assessed prior to in vitro PDT activity studies against MCF-7 breast cancer cells through irradiation with Thorlabs 625 or 660 nm LED for 20 min (240 or 280 mW·cm-2). PACT activity studies were performed against both planktonic bacteria and biofilms of Gram-(+) S. aureus and Gram-(-) E. coli upon irradiation with Thorlabs 625 and 660 nm LEDs for 75 min. The heavy atom effect of the Sn(IV) ion results in relatively high singlet oxygen quantum yield values of 0.69-0.71 for 1-3-SnChl. Relatively low IC50 values between 1.1-4.1 and 3.8-9.4 µM were obtained for the 1-3-SnChl series with the Thorlabs 660 and 625 nm LEDs, respectively, during the PDT activity studies. 1-3-SnChl were also found to exhibit significant PACT activity against planktonic S. aureus and E. coli with Log10 reduction values of 7.65 and >3.0, respectively. The results demonstrate that the Sn(IV) complexes of tetraarylchlorins merit further in depth study as photosensitizers in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodah Soy
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Balaji Babu
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP, Amaravati 522502, India
| | - John Mack
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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Wang D, Wang X, Zhou S, Gu P, Zhu X, Wang C, Zhang Q. Evolution of BODIPY as triplet photosensitizers from homogeneous to heterogeneous: The strategies of functionalization to various forms and their recent applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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36
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Mušković M, Pokrajac R, Malatesti N. Combination of Two Photosensitisers in Anticancer, Antimicrobial and Upconversion Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040613. [PMID: 37111370 PMCID: PMC10143496 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a special form of phototherapy in which oxygen is needed, in addition to light and a drug called a photosensitiser (PS), to create cytotoxic species that can destroy cancer cells and various pathogens. PDT is often used in combination with other antitumor and antimicrobial therapies to sensitise cells to other agents, minimise the risk of resistance and improve overall outcomes. Furthermore, the aim of combining two photosensitising agents in PDT is to overcome the shortcomings of the monotherapeutic approach and the limitations of individual agents, as well as to achieve synergistic or additive effects, which allows the administration of PSs in lower concentrations, consequently reducing dark toxicity and preventing skin photosensitivity. The most common strategies in anticancer PDT use two PSs to combine the targeting of different organelles and cell-death mechanisms and, in addition to cancer cells, simultaneously target tumour vasculature and induce immune responses. The use of PDT with upconversion nanoparticles is a promising approach to the treatment of deep tissues and the goal of using two PSs is to improve drug loading and singlet oxygen production. In antimicrobial PDT, two PSs are often combined to generate various reactive oxygen species through both Type I and Type II processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Mušković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Rafaela Pokrajac
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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37
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Ishchenko AA, Syniugina AT. Structure and Photosensitaizer Ability of Polymethine Dyes in Photodynamic Therapy: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-023-09754-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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38
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Wang J, Cui ZJ. Photodynamic Activation of Cholecystokinin 1 Receptor Is Conserved in Mammalian and Avian Pancreatic Acini. Biomedicines 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) is the only G protein coupled receptor that is activated in type II photodynamic action, but whether this is a property common to both mammalian and avian species is not known. In this work, pancreatic acini were isolated from the rat, mouse, and Peking duck, and photodynamic CCK1R activation was examined. Isolated pancreatic acini were exposed to photosensitizer sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC) and photodynamic action elicited by a brief light-emitting diode (LED 675 nm) pulse (1.5 min); photodynamic CCK1R activation was assessed by Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging. Photodynamic action was found to induce persistent calcium oscillations in rat, mouse, and Peking duck pancreatic acini, with the sensitivity order of mouse > rat > Peking duck. Photodynamically-activated CCK1R could be inhibited reversibly by CCK1R antagonist devazepide (1 μM); photodynamic CCK1R activation was blocked by pre-incubation with 1O2 quencher Trolox C (300 µM). The sensitivity of photodynamic CCK1R activation was correlated with the increasing size of the disordered region in intracellular loop 3. These data suggest that photodynamic CCK1R activation is conserved in both mammalian and avian species, as evidenced by the presence of the photodynamic activation motif “YFM” in transmembrane domain 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zong Jie Cui
- Institute of Cell Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Wang J, Cui ZJ. Photodynamic Activation of Cholecystokinin 1 Receptor Is Conserved in Mammalian and Avian Pancreatic Acini. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030885. [PMID: 36979864 PMCID: PMC10046250 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1R) is the only G protein coupled receptor that is activated in type II photodynamic action, but whether this is a property common to both mammalian and avian species is not known. In this work, pancreatic acini were isolated from the rat, mouse, and Peking duck, and photodynamic CCK1R activation was examined. Isolated pancreatic acini were exposed to photosensitizer sulphonated aluminum phthalocyanine (SALPC) and photodynamic action elicited by a brief light-emitting diode (LED 675 nm) pulse (1.5 min); photodynamic CCK1R activation was assessed by Fura-2 fluorescent calcium imaging. Photodynamic action was found to induce persistent calcium oscillations in rat, mouse, and Peking duck pancreatic acini, with the sensitivity order of mouse > rat > Peking duck. Photodynamically-activated CCK1R could be inhibited reversibly by CCK1R antagonist devazepide (1 μM); photodynamic CCK1R activation was blocked by pre-incubation with 1O2 quencher Trolox C (300 µM). The sensitivity of photodynamic CCK1R activation was correlated with the increasing size of the disordered region in intracellular loop 3. These data suggest that photodynamic CCK1R activation is conserved in both mammalian and avian species, as evidenced by the presence of the photodynamic activation motif “YFM” in transmembrane domain 3.
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40
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Kang L, Liu S, Huang X, Zhang D, Zhao H, Zhao Y. Cyclopentylmalononitrile dye as an efficient photosensitizer for combined photodynamic and water-dependent reversible photoacidity therapy. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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41
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Obitz D, Gkika KS, Heller M, Keyes TE, Metzler-Nolte N. A phototoxic thulium complex exhibiting intracellular ROS production upon 630 nm excitation in cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1943-1946. [PMID: 36656026 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06209g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A lanthanide(III) complex with a thulium metal centre connected via a terpyridine unit to a light harvesting antenna with strong absorption in the therapeutic window [>590 nm] was synthesised and tested as a possible photosensitiser (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The complex exhibited significant phototoxic activity on cancer cells upon irradiation in the therapeutic window and from intracellular and solution studies ROS production was identified as the compound's phototoxic mode of action. In cell viability assays, a 10-fold lowered IC50 value was obtained upon irradiation compared to the dark control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Obitz
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany.
| | - Karmel S Gkika
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Marvin Heller
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany.
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany.
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42
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Souris JS, Leoni L, Zhang HJ, Pan A, Tanios E, Tsai HM, Balyasnikova IV, Bissonnette M, Chen CT. X-ray Activated Nanoplatforms for Deep Tissue Photodynamic Therapy. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:673. [PMID: 36839041 PMCID: PMC9962876 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), the use of light to excite photosensitive molecules whose electronic relaxation drives the production of highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), has proven an effective means of oncotherapy. However, its application has been severely constrained to superficial tissues and those readily accessed either endoscopically or laparoscopically, due to the intrinsic scattering and absorption of photons by intervening tissues. Recent advances in the design of nanoparticle-based X-ray scintillators and photosensitizers have enabled hybridization of these moieties into single nanocomposite particles. These nanoplatforms, when irradiated with diagnostic doses and energies of X-rays, produce large quantities of ROS and permit, for the first time, non-invasive deep tissue PDT of tumors with few of the therapeutic limitations or side effects of conventional PDT. In this review we examine the underlying principles and evolution of PDT: from its initial and still dominant use of light-activated, small molecule photosensitizers that passively accumulate in tumors, to its latest development of X-ray-activated, scintillator-photosensitizer hybrid nanoplatforms that actively target cancer biomarkers. Challenges and potential remedies for the clinical translation of these hybrid nanoplatforms and X-ray PDT are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Souris
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lara Leoni
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hannah J. Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ariel Pan
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics and Mechanobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eve Tanios
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ming Tsai
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Marc Bissonnette
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chin-Tu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Integrated Small Animal Imaging Research Resource, Office of Shared Research Facilities, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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43
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The bromoporphyrins as promising anti-tumor photosensitizers in vitro. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:427-439. [PMID: 36344865 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00326-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of ideal photosensitizers (PSs) is considered to be the most significant bottleneck in photodynamic therapy (PDT). To discover novel PSs with excellent photodynamic anti-tumor activities, a series of novel photosensitizers 5,15-diaryl-10,20-dibromoporphyrins (I1-6) were synthesized by a facile method. Compared with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) as the representative porphyrin-based photosensitizers, it is found that not only the longest absorption wavelength of all compounds was red-shifted to therapeutic window (660 nm) of photodynamic therapy, but also the singlet oxygen quantum yields were significantly increased. Furthermore, all compounds exhibited lower dark toxicity (except I2) and stronger phototoxicity (except I4) against Eca-109 tumor cells than HMME. Among them, I3 possessed the highest singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ = 0.205), the lower dark toxicity and the strongest phototoxicity (IC50 = 3.5 μM) in vitro. The findings indicated the compounds I3 had the potential to become anti-tumor agents for PDT.
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44
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Qian Y, Wang J, Bu W, Zhu X, Zhang P, Zhu Y, Fan X, Wang C. Targeted implementation strategies of precise photodynamic therapy based on clinical and technical demands. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:704-718. [PMID: 36472233 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
With the development of materials science, photodynamic-based treatments have gradually entered clinics. Photodynamic therapy is ideal for cancer treatment due to its non-invasive and spatiotemporal properties and is the first to be widely promoted in clinical practice. However, the shortcomings resulting from the gap between technical and clinical demands, such as phototoxicity, low tissue permeability, and tissue hypoxia, limit its wide applications. This article reviews the available data regarding the pharmacological and clinical factors affecting the efficacy of photodynamic therapy, such as photosensitizers and oxygen supply, disease diagnosis, and other aspects of photodynamic therapy. In addition, the synergistic treatment of photodynamic therapy with surgery and nanotechnology is also discussed, which is expected to provide inspiration for the design of photodynamic therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Dermatologic Surgery Department, Institute of dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jialun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Wenbo Bu
- Dermatologic Surgery Department, Institute of dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Dermatologic Surgery Department, Institute of dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ping Zhang
- Dermatologic Surgery Department, Institute of dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China. .,Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China.,Nanjing Medical Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Dermatologic Surgery Department, Institute of dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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45
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Sekar R, Basavegowda N, Thathapudi JJ, Sekhar MR, Joshi P, Somu P, Baek KH. Recent Progress of Gold-Based Nanostructures towards Future Emblem of Photo-Triggered Cancer Theranostics: A Special Focus on Combinatorial Phototherapies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020433. [PMID: 36839754 PMCID: PMC9963714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most dangerous health problems in the millennium and it is the third foremost human cause of death in the universe. Traditional cancer treatments face several disadvantages and cannot often afford adequate outcomes. It has been exhibited that the outcome of several therapies can be improved when associated with nanostructures. In addition, a modern tendency is being developed in cancer therapy to convert single-modal into multi-modal therapies with the help of existing various nanostructures. Among them, gold is the most successful nanostructure for biomedical applications due to its flexibility in preparation, stabilization, surface modifications, less cytotoxicity, and ease of bio-detection. In the past few decades, gold-based nanomaterials rule cancer treatment applications, currently, gold nanostructures were the leading nanomaterials for synergetic cancer therapies. In this review article, the synthesis, stabilization, and optical properties of gold nanostructures have been discussed. Then, the surface modifications and targeting mechanisms of gold nanomaterials will be described. Recent signs of progress in the application of gold nanomaterials for synergetic cancer therapies such as photodynamic and photo-thermal therapies in combination with other common interventions such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and will be reviewed. Also, a summary of the pharmacokinetics of gold nanostructures will be delivered. Finally, the challenges and outlooks of the gold nanostructures in the clinics for applications in cancer treatments are debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sekar
- Department of Chemistry, Karpaga Vinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, GST Road, Chinna Kolambakkam, Chengalpattu 603308, India
| | - Nagaraj Basavegowda
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesse Joel Thathapudi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India
- Correspondence: (J.J.T.); (K.-H.B.); Tel.: +82-52-810-3029 (K.-H.B.)
| | - Medidi Raja Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kebri Dehar University, Korahe Zone, Somali Region, Kebri Dehar 3060, Ethiopia
| | - Parinita Joshi
- SDM College of Medical Science and Hospital, Manjushree Nagar, Sattur, Dharwad 580009, India
| | - Prathap Somu
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 600124, India
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.J.T.); (K.-H.B.); Tel.: +82-52-810-3029 (K.-H.B.)
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Boscencu R, Radulea N, Manda G, Machado IF, Socoteanu RP, Lupuliasa D, Burloiu AM, Mihai DP, Ferreira LFV. Porphyrin Macrocycles: General Properties and Theranostic Potential. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031149. [PMID: 36770816 PMCID: PMC9919320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite specialists' efforts to find the best solutions for cancer diagnosis and therapy, this pathology remains the biggest health threat in the world. Global statistics concerning deaths associated with cancer are alarming; therefore, it is necessary to intensify interdisciplinary research in order to identify efficient strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapy, by using new molecules with optimal therapeutic potential and minimal adverse effects. This review focuses on studies of porphyrin macrocycles with regard to their structural and spectral profiles relevant to their applicability in efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy. Furthermore, we present a critical overview of the main commercial formulations, followed by short descriptions of some strategies approached in the development of third-generation photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rica Boscencu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (R.P.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - Natalia Radulea
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Manda
- “Victor Babeş” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Isabel Ferreira Machado
- Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal
- BSIRG—Biospectroscopy and Interfaces Research Group, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Radu Petre Socoteanu
- “Ilie Murgulescu” Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (R.P.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - Dumitru Lupuliasa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Mihaela Burloiu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (R.P.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.F.V.F.)
| | - Dragos Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luis Filipe Vieira Ferreira
- BSIRG—Biospectroscopy and Interfaces Research Group, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico and Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.B.); (R.P.S.); (A.M.B.); (L.F.V.F.)
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Effective Biofilm Eradication on Orthopedic Implants with Methylene Blue Based Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010118. [PMID: 36671319 PMCID: PMC9854686 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) are difficult to treat due to biofilm formation on implant surfaces, often requiring removal or exchange of prostheses along with long-lasting antibiotic treatment. This in vitro study investigated the effect of methylene blue photodynamic therapy (MB-PDT) on PJI-causing biofilms on different implant materials. MB-PDT (664 nm LED, 15 J/cm2) was tested on different Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Cutibacterium acnes strains in both planktonic form and grown in early and mature biofilms on prosthetic materials (polyethylene, titanium alloys, cobalt-chrome-based alloys, and bone cement). The minimum bactericidal concentration with 100% killing (MBC100%) was determined. Chemical and topographical alterations were investigated on the prosthesis surfaces after MB-PDT. Results showed a MBC100% of 0.5-5 μg/mL for planktonic bacteria and 50-100 μg/mL for bacteria in biofilms-independent of the tested strain, the orthopedic material, or the maturity of the biofilm. Material testing showed no relevant surface modification. MB-PDT effectively eradicated common PJI pathogens on arthroplasty materials without damage to the materials, suggesting that MB-PDT could be used as a novel treatment method, replacing current, more invasive approaches and potentially shortening the antibiotic treatment in PJI. This would improve quality of life and reduce morbidity, mortality, and high health-care costs.
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Lou L, Zhou S, Tan S, Xiang M, Wang W, Yuan C, Gao L, Xiao Q. Amplifying the efficacy of ALA-based prodrugs for photodynamic therapy using nanotechnology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1137707. [PMID: 36923350 PMCID: PMC10008889 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1137707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a clinically approved prodrug involved in intracellular Heme biosynthesis to produce the natural photosensitizer (PS) Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). ALA based photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used to treat various malignant and non-malignant diseases. However, natural ALA has disadvantages such as weak lipophilicity, low stability and poor bioavailability, greatly reducing its clinical performance. The emerging nanotechnology is expected to address these limitations and thus improve the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, we summarized important recent advances in the design of ALA-based prodrugs using nanotechnology to improve the efficacy of PDT. The potential limitations and future perspectives of ALA-based nanomedicines are also briefly presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University and Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shizhe Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University and Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sijia Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University and Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Menghua Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University and Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University and Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University and Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qicai Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University and Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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49
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Fabio GB, Martin BA, Dalmolin LF, Lopez RFV. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and the advances impacted by the association with nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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50
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Soleimany A, Khoee S, Dastan D, Shi Z, Yu S, Sarmento B. Two-photon photodynamic therapy based on FRET using tumor-cell targeted riboflavin conjugated graphene quantum dot. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112602. [PMID: 36442423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic therapy (PDT) is considered as a noninvasive and photo-controlled treatment for various cancers. However, its potential is not fully developed as current clinically approved photosensitizers (PSs) mainly absorb the light in the UV-visible region (less than 700 nm), where the depth of penetration is inadequate for reaching tumor cells under deeper tissue layers. Furthermore, the lack of specific accumulation capability of the conventional PSs in the tumor cells may cause serious toxicity and low treatment efficiency. To address these problems, riboflavin (Rf) conjugated and amine-functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (am-N-GQD) are herein proposed. Rf functions as both photosensitizer and targeting ligand by indirect excitation through intra-particle fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) via two-photon (TP) excited am-N-GQD, to enhance the treatment depth, and further am-N-GQD-Rf accumulation in cancer cells using Rf transporter family (RFVTs) and Rf carrier proteins (RCPs). The one-photon (OP) and two-photon(TP)-PDT effect and cellular internalization ability of the am-N-GQD-Rf were investigated in vitro in different cancel cell lines. Besides the excellent cellular uptake as well TP-PDT capability, the superior biocompatibility of am-N-GQD-Rf in vitro makes it promising candidate in PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Soleimany
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran; i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6455, Iran.
| | - Davoud Dastan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332 Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhicheng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China
| | - Shengtao Yu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IUCS-CESPU, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal.
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