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Källstrand J, Niklasson K, Lindvall M, Claesdotter-Knutsson E. Reduced thalamic activity in ADHD under ABR forward masking conditions. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2024; 13:222-228. [PMID: 36524942 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2155520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of inattention, overactivity, and/or impulsiveness. The prevalence of ADHD varies in different settings and there have been voices raised to call for more objective measures in order to avoid over- and underdiagnosing of ADHD. Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) is a method where click shaped sounds evoke potentials that are recorder from electrodes on the skull of a patient. The aim of this study was to explore possible alterations in the ABR of 29 patients with ADHD compared to 39 healthy controls. We used a forward masked sound. We found differences in ABR that correspond to the thalamic area. The thalamus seems to play an active role in regulation of activity level in ADHD. More research is needed to draw any further conclusions on using ABR as an objective measurement to detect ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katalin Niklasson
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindvall
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Claesdotter-Knutsson
- Outpatient Department, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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2
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Demopoulos C, Jesson X, Gerdes MR, Jurigova BG, Hinkley LB, Ranasinghe KG, Desai S, Honma S, Mizuiri D, Findlay A, Nagarajan SS, Marco EJ. Global MEG Resting State Functional Connectivity in Children with Autism and Sensory Processing Dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577499. [PMID: 38352614 PMCID: PMC10862722 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Sensory processing dysfunction not only affects most individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but at least 5% of children without ASD also experience dysfunctional sensory processing. Our understanding of the relationship between sensory dysfunction and resting state brain activity is still emerging. This study compared long-range resting state functional connectivity of neural oscillatory behavior in children aged 8-12 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N=18), those with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD; N=18) who do not meet ASD criteria, and typically developing control participants (TDC; N=24) using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Functional connectivity analyses were performed in the alpha and beta frequency bands, which are known to be implicated in sensory information processing. Group differences in functional connectivity and associations between sensory abilities and functional connectivity were examined. Distinct patterns of functional connectivity differences between ASD and SPD groups were found only in the beta band, but not in the alpha band. In both alpha and beta bands, ASD and SPD cohorts differed from the TDC cohort. Somatosensory cortical beta-band functional connectivity was associated with tactile processing abilities, while higher-order auditory cortical alpha-band functional connectivity was associated with auditory processing abilities. These findings demonstrate distinct long-range neural synchrony alterations in SPD and ASD that are associated with sensory processing abilities. Neural synchrony measures could serve as potential sensitive biomarkers for ASD and SPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Demopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, 675 18 Street, San Francisco, CA 94107
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Xuan Jesson
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | - Molly Rae Gerdes
- Cortica Healthcare, Department of Neurodevelopmental Medicine, 4000 Civic Center Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903
| | - Barbora G. Jurigova
- Cortica Healthcare, Department of Neurodevelopmental Medicine, 4000 Civic Center Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903
| | - Leighton B. Hinkley
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Kamalini G. Ranasinghe
- University of California-San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Shivani Desai
- University of California-San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Susanne Honma
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Anne Findlay
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Srikantan S. Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Elysa J. Marco
- Cortica Healthcare, Department of Neurodevelopmental Medicine, 4000 Civic Center Drive, San Rafael, CA 94903
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Ramappa S, Anderson A, Jung J, Chu R, Cummings KK, Patterson G, Okada NJ, Green SA. An Observed Assessment of Sensory Responsivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Associations with Diagnosis, Age, and Parent Report. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3860-3872. [PMID: 35927515 PMCID: PMC9898461 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sensory features are common and impairing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but there are few observational sensory assessments that are valid across ages. We used the Sensory Processing 3-Dimensional (SP3-D) observed Assessment and parent-reported Inventory to examine sensory responsivity in 41 ASD and 33 typically-developing (TD) youth across 7-17 years. ASD youth had higher and more variable observed and reported sensory responsivity symptoms compared to TD, but the two measures were not correlated. Observed sensory over-responsivity (SOR) and sensory craving (SC) decreased with age in ASD, though SOR remained higher in ASD versus TD through adolescence. Results suggest that in ASD, the SP3-D Assessment can identify SOR through adolescence, and that there is value in integrating multiple sensory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Ramappa
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 757 Westwood Plaza, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ariana Anderson
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 757 Westwood Plaza, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 757 Westwood Plaza, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Robyn Chu
- Growing Healthy Children Therapy Services, 3498 Green Valley Road, Rescue, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlin K Cummings
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, 27514, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Genevieve Patterson
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 1200 Larimer Street, 80217, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nana J Okada
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, 02115, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shulamite A Green
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, 760 Westwood Plaza, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, 757 Westwood Plaza, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, 660 Charles E. Young Drive South, 90095, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Gimlette S, Stapleton E. The interface of paediatric ENT and autism spectrum disorder: a complex conundrum for otolaryngologists. J Laryngol Otol 2023; 137:1083-1089. [PMID: 36073036 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism spectrum disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition encompassing complex physical and neurological symptoms, including complex sensory symptoms. This review explores the interface between autism spectrum disorder and paediatric ENT. METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses ('PRISMA') guideline, a robust literature search and review was conducted by two researchers. Thirty-four papers were filtered into the final review. RESULTS Published literature clearly demonstrates potential for autism spectrum disorder to present in the form of auditory and other sensory symptoms to ENT surgeons and audiologists who may not fully appreciate this complex condition. Despite this well-documented link, auditory symptoms, auditory processing disorders and hearing loss within autism spectrum disorder remain poorly understood. CONCLUSION Improved recognition and understanding of autism spectrum disorder by otolaryngologists could enable more effective diagnostic and management strategies for autistic children who present with auditory and other sensory symptoms. In light of the current 'autism epidemic,' there is an urgent need for further research on this theme.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gimlette
- University of Manchester Medical School, Manchester, UK
| | - E Stapleton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Manchester Royal Infirmary, UK
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Zhang H, Xu L, Yu J, Li J, Wang J. Identification of autism spectrum disorder based on functional near-infrared spectroscopy using adaptive spatiotemporal graph convolution network. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1132231. [PMID: 36968494 PMCID: PMC10038196 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1132231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is of great practical significance in clinical practice. The spontaneous hemodynamic fluctuations were collected by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) from the bilateral frontal and temporal cortices of typically developing (TD) children and children with ASD. Since traditional machine learning and deep learning methods cannot make full use of the potential spatial dependence between variable pairs, and require a long time series to diagnose ASD. Therefore, we use adaptive spatiotemporal graph convolution network (ASGCN) and short time series to classify ASD and TD. To capture spatial and temporal features of fNIRS multivariable time series without the pre-defined graph, we combined the improved adaptive graph convolution network (GCN) and gated recurrent units (GRU). We conducted a series of experiments on the fNIRS dataset, and found that only using 2.1 s short time series could achieve high precision classification, with an accuracy of 95.4%. This suggests that our approach may have the potential to detect pathological signals in autism patients within 2.1 s. In different brain regions, the left frontal lobe has the best classification effect, and the abnormalities occur more frequently in left hemisphere and frontal lobe region. Moreover, we also found that there were correlations between multiple channels, which had different degrees of influence on the classification of ASD. From this, we can also generalize to a wider range, there may be potential correlations between different brain regions. This may help to better understand the cortical mechanism of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Zhang
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyu Xu
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lingyu Xu
| | - Jie Yu
- School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Jie Yu
| | - Jun Li
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Lab for Behavioral Economic Science & Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Demopoulos C, Kopald BE, Bangera N, Paulson K, David Lewine J. Rapid auditory processing of puretones is associated with basic components of language in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2023; 238:105229. [PMID: 36753824 PMCID: PMC10029928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2023.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify the specific domains of language that may be affected by deficits in rapid auditory processing in individuals with ASD. Auditory evoked fields were collected from 63 children diagnosed with ASD in order to evaluate processing of puretone sounds presented in rapid succession. Measures of language and its components were assessed via standardized clinical tools to quantify expressive and receptive language, vocabulary, articulation, and phonological processing abilities. Rapid processing was significantly and bilaterally associated with phonological awareness, vocabulary, and articulation. Phonological processing was found to mediate the relationship between rapid processing and language. M100 response latency was not significantly associated with any language measures. Results suggest that rapid processing deficits may impact the basic components of language such as phonological processing, and the downstream effect of this impact may in turn impact overall language development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Demopoulos
- University of California-San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 675 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, United States; University of California-San Francisco, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
| | - Brandon E Kopald
- University of California-San Francisco, Department of Neurology, 675 Nelson Rising, Lane, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Nitin Bangera
- Mind Research Network, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States; Center for Advanced Diagnostics, Evaluation and Therapeutics, CADET-NM, 1501 Indian School, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102, United States
| | - Kim Paulson
- Mind Research Network, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States
| | - Jeffrey David Lewine
- Mind Research Network, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, 1101 Yale Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, United States; Center for Advanced Diagnostics, Evaluation and Therapeutics, CADET-NM, 1501 Indian School, NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102, United States; University of New Mexico, Departments of Psychology and Neurology, 1 University Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM 87031, United States.
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7
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Wada M, Hayashi K, Seino K, Ishii N, Nawa T, Nishimaki K. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of self-reported sensory issues in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1077542. [PMID: 36846233 PMCID: PMC9948627 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1077542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and specific learning disorders (SLD) have various types of sensory characteristics. METHODS This study investigated sensory issues in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders using a web-based questionnaire for qualitative and quantitative analysis, categorized the contents of their three most distressful sensory issues, and evaluated their order of priority. RESULTS Auditory problems were reported as the most distressing sensory issue among the participants. In addition to auditory problems, individuals with ASD frequently reported more tactile problems, and individuals with SLD reported more visual problems. Among the individual sensory issues, in addition to aversion to sudden, strong, or specific stimuli, some participants reported confusions regarding multiple stimuli presenting concurrently. Additionally, the sensory issues related to foods (i.e., taste) was relatively more common in the minor group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the diversity of sensory issues experienced should be carefully considered when aiding persons with neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Wada
- Developmental Disorders Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hayashi
- Information and Support Center for Persons With Developmental Disorders, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kai Seino
- Psychological Experiment Section, Department of Social Rehabilitation, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Naomi Ishii
- Developmental Disorders Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Taemi Nawa
- Developmental Disorders Section, Department of Rehabilitation for Brain Functions, Research Institute of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Nishimaki
- Information and Support Center for Persons With Developmental Disorders, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan.,Hospital of National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Wilson KC, Kornisch M, Ikuta T. Disrupted functional connectivity of the primary auditory cortex in autism. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 324:111490. [PMID: 35690016 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been found to influence hearing and sensory integration, while brain functional connectivity in ASD has been repeatedly shown to be atypical. However, functional connectivity of the auditory cortex in ASD has not been well studied. In the current study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, provided by the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE), to examine functional connectivity of the primary auditory cortex in ASD. The study subjects included 68 individuals with ASD and 77 individuals without ASD. In the primary dataset, the ASD group showed lesser functional connectivity between the auditory cortex and four regions: the medial occipital cortex, primary motor cortex, insular cortex, and Wernicke's area. In the replication dataset (44 individuals with ASD and 39 individuals without ASD), reduced connectivity to the medial occipital cortex and primary motor cortex was replicated among these four regions, which have previously been shown to be influenced by ASD. Thus, the reduced functional connectivity to these indicated regions may partly explain deficient sensory integration associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Conway Wilson
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Myriam Kornisch
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, MS 38677, United States
| | - Toshikazu Ikuta
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, MS 38677, United States.
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9
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Parker A, Skoe E, Tecoulesco L, Naigles L. A Home-Based Approach to Auditory Brainstem Response Measurement: Proof-of-Concept and Practical Guidelines. Semin Hear 2022; 43:177-196. [PMID: 36313050 PMCID: PMC9605808 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Broad-scale neuroscientific investigations of diverse human populations are difficult to implement. This is because the primary neuroimaging methods (magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography [EEG]) historically have not been portable, and participants may be unable or unwilling to travel to test sites. Miniaturization of EEG technologies has now opened the door to neuroscientific fieldwork, allowing for easier access to under-represented populations. Recent efforts to conduct auditory neuroscience outside a laboratory setting are reviewed and then an in-home technique for recording auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and frequency-following responses (FFRs) in a home setting is introduced. As a proof of concept, we have conducted two in-home electrophysiological studies: one in 27 children aged 6 to 16 years (13 with autism spectrum disorder) and another in 12 young adults aged 18 to 27 years, using portable electrophysiological equipment to record ABRs and FFRs to click and speech stimuli, spanning rural and urban and multiple homes and testers. We validate our fieldwork approach by presenting waveforms and data on latencies and signal-to-noise ratio. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility and utility of home-based ABR/FFR techniques, paving the course for larger fieldwork investigations of populations that are difficult to test or recruit. We conclude this tutorial with practical tips and guidelines for recording ABRs and FFRs in the field and discuss possible clinical and research applications of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Parker
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Erika Skoe
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Cognitive Sciences Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Lee Tecoulesco
- Cognitive Sciences Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Letitia Naigles
- Connecticut Institute for Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Cognitive Sciences Program, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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10
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Trudel SM, Winter EL, Fitzmaurice B, Norman G, Bray CR. Integration of physical health and sensory processing assessment for children with autism spectrum disorder in schools. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sierra M. Trudel
- Department of School Psychology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Emily L. Winter
- Department of School Psychology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Brenna Fitzmaurice
- Department of School Psychology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Gina Norman
- Department of School Psychology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
| | - Clark R. Bray
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut USA
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11
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Morel C, Christophe A, Maguin-Gaté K, Paoli J, Turner JD, Schroeder H, Grova N. Head-to-Head Study of Developmental Neurotoxicity and Resultant Phenotype in Rats: α-Hexabromocyclododecane versus Valproic Acid, a Recognized Model of Reference for Autism Spectrum Disorders. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10040180. [PMID: 35448441 PMCID: PMC9029525 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10040180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is now growing that exposure to environmental pollutants during the critical early-life period of brain development may contribute to the emergence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study seeks to compare the developmental neurotoxicity of the α-isomer of hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), a persistent brominated flame retardant, to the valproic acid (VPA) model of ASD in rodents. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, α-HBCDD (100 ng/kg/day p.o., GD0-PND21) and VPA (600 mg/kg i.p., GD12). Male offspring were tested for their neuromotor development from PND2-21. At PND21, brain functionality was assessed by measuring cytochrome oxidase activity (CO). Modifications in neuroglia and synaptic plasticity were evaluated in the cortex. Similar subtle behavioural changes related to neuromotor maturation and noise reaction were observed in both treated groups. At PND21, a reduction in CO activity was measured in the VPA group only, in specific areas including auditory nuclei, visual cortex, cingulate and frontal cortices. At the same age, α-HBCDD pointed out significant overexpression of cortical markers of synaptic plasticity while both treated groups showed a significant under expression of astrocyte proteins (S100-β and GFAP). Early-life exposure to a low dose of α-HBCDD may trigger neurobehavioural alterations in line with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Morel
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France; (C.M.); (A.C.); (K.M.-G.); (J.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Armelle Christophe
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France; (C.M.); (A.C.); (K.M.-G.); (J.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Katy Maguin-Gaté
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France; (C.M.); (A.C.); (K.M.-G.); (J.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Justine Paoli
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France; (C.M.); (A.C.); (K.M.-G.); (J.P.); (H.S.)
| | - Jonathan David Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France; (C.M.); (A.C.); (K.M.-G.); (J.P.); (H.S.)
- Inserm U1256, NGERE, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Calbinotox, EA7488, Université de Lorraine, 54506 Nancy, France; (C.M.); (A.C.); (K.M.-G.); (J.P.); (H.S.)
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
- Inserm U1256, NGERE, Université de Lorraine, 54000 Nancy, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Papaioannou A, Kalantzi E, Papageorgiou CC, Korombili K, Bokou A, Pehlivanidis A, Papageorgiou CC, Papaioannou G. Differences in Performance of ASD and ADHD Subjects Facing Cognitive Loads in an Innovative Reasoning Experiment. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1531. [PMID: 34827530 PMCID: PMC8615740 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aim to investigate whether EEG dynamics differ in adults with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders) and ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) compared with healthy subjects during the performance of an innovative cognitive task, Aristotle's valid and invalid syllogisms, and how these differences correlate with brain regions and behavioral data for each subject. We recorded EEGs from 14 scalp electrodes (channels) in 21 adults with ADHD, 21 with ASD, and 21 healthy, normal subjects. The subjects were exposed in a set of innovative cognitive tasks (inducing varying cognitive loads), Aristotle's two types of syllogism mentioned above. A set of 39 questions were given to participants related to valid-invalid syllogisms as well as a separate set of questionnaires, in order to collect a number of demographic and behavioral data, with the aim of detecting shared information with values of a feature extracted from EEG, the multiscale entropy (MSE), in the 14 channels ('brain regions'). MSE, a nonlinear information-theoretic measure of complexity, was computed to extract a feature that quantifies the complexity of the EEG. Behavior-Partial Least Squares Correlation, PLSC, is the method to detect the correlation between two sets of data, brain, and behavioral measures. -PLSC, a variant of PLSC, was applied to build a functional connectivity of the brain regions involved in the reasoning tasks. Graph-theoretic measures were used to quantify the complexity of the functional networks. Based on the results of the analysis described in this work, a mixed 14 × 2 × 3 ANOVA showed significant main effects of group factor and brain region* syllogism factor, as well as a significant brain region* group interaction. There are significant differences between the means of MSE (complexity) values at the 14 channels of the members of the 'pathological' groups of participants, i.e., between ASD and ADHD, while the difference in means of MSE between both ASD and ADHD and that of the control group is not significant. In conclusion, the valid-invalid type of syllogism generates significantly different complexity values, MSE, between ASD and ADHD. The complexity of activated brain regions of ASD participants increased significantly when switching from a valid to an invalid syllogism, indicating the need for more resources to 'face' the task escalating difficulty in ASD subjects. This increase is not so evident in both ADHD and control. Statistically significant differences were found also in the behavioral response of ASD and ADHD, compared with those of control subjects, based on the principal brain and behavior saliences extracted by PLSC. Specifically, two behavioral measures, the emotional state and the degree of confidence of participants in answering questions in Aristotle's valid-invalid syllogisms, and one demographic variable, age, statistically and significantly discriminate the three groups' ASD. The seed-PLC generated functional connectivity networks for ASD, ADHD, and control, were 'projected' on the regions of the Default Mode Network (DMN), the 'reference' connectivity, of which the structural changes were found significant in distinguishing the three groups. The contribution of this work lies in the examination of the relationship between brain activity and behavioral responses of healthy and 'pathological' participants in the case of cognitive reasoning of the type of Aristotle's valid and invalid syllogisms, using PLSC, a machine learning approach combined with MSE, a nonlinear method of extracting a feature based on EEGs that captures a broad spectrum of EEGs linear and nonlinear characteristics. The results seem promising in adopting this type of reasoning, in the future, after further enhancements and experimental tests, as a supplementary instrument towards examining the differences in brain activity and behavioral responses of ASD and ADHD patients. The application of the combination of these two methods, after further elaboration and testing as new and complementary to the existing ones, may be considered as a tool of analysis in helping detecting more effectively such types of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Papaioannou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
- Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Papagou, 15601 Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kalantzi
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | | | - Kalliopi Korombili
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Anastasia Bokou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Artemios Pehlivanidis
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
| | - Charalabos C. Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (K.K.); (A.B.); (A.P.); (C.C.P.)
- Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Papagou, 15601 Athens, Greece
| | - George Papaioannou
- Center for Research of Nonlinear Systems (CRANS), Department of Mathematics, University of Patras, 26500 Patra, Greece;
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Papaioannou AG, Kalantzi E, Papageorgiou CC, Korombili K, Βokou A, Pehlivanidis A, Papageorgiou CC, Papaioannou G. Complexity analysis of the brain activity in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) due to cognitive loads/demands induced by Aristotle's type of syllogism/reasoning. A Power Spectral Density and multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07984. [PMID: 34611558 PMCID: PMC8477216 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate whether EEG dynamics differ in adults with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders), ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), compared with healthy subjects during the performance of an innovative cognitive task: Aristotle's valid and invalid syllogisms. We follow the Neuroanatomical differences type of criterion in assessing the results of our study in supporting or not the dual-process theory of Kahneman, 2011) (Systems I & II of thinking). METHOD We recorded EEGs from 14 scalp electrodes in 30 adults with ADHD, 30 with ASD and 24 healthy, normal subjects. The subjects were exposed in a set of innovative cognitive tasks (inducing varying cognitive loads), the Aristotle's four types of syllogism mentioned above. The multiscale entropy (MSE), a nonlinear information-theoretic measure or tool was computed to extract features that quantify the complexity of the EEG. RESULTS The dynamics of the curves of the grand average of MSE values of the ADHD and ASD participants was significantly in higher levels for the majority of time scales, than the healthy subjects over a number of brain regions (electrodes locations), during the performance of both valid and invalid types of syllogism. This result is seemingly not in accordance of the broadly accepted 'theory' of complexity loss in 'pathological' subjects, but actually this is not the case as explained in the text. ADHD subjects are engaged in System II of thinking, for both Valid and Invalid syllogism, ASD and Control in System I for valid and invalid syllogism, respectively. A surprising and 'provocative' result of this paper, as shown in the next sections, is that the Complexity-variability of ASD and ADHD subjects, when they face Aristotle's types of syllogisms, is higher than that of the control subjects. An explanation is suggested as described in the text. Also, in the case of invalid type of Aristotelian syllogisms, the linguistic and visuo-spatial systems are both engaged ONLY in the temporal and occipital regions of the brain, respectively, of ADHD subjects. In the case of valid type, both above systems are engaged in the temporal and occipital regions of the brain, respectively, of both ASD and ADHD subjects, while in the control subjects only the visuo-spatial type is engaged (Goel et al., 2000; Knauff, 2007). CONCLUSION Based on the results of the analysis described in this work, the differences in the EEG complexity between the three groups of participants lead to the conclusion that cortical information processing is changed in ASD and ADHD adults, therefore their level of cortical activation may be insufficient to meet the peculiar cognitive demand of Aristotle's reasoning. SIGNIFICANCE The present paper suggest that MSE, is a powerful and efficient nonlinear measure in detecting neural dysfunctions in adults with ASD and ADHD characteristics, when they are called on to perform in a very demanding as well as innovative set of cognitive tasks, that can be considered as a new diagnostic 'benchmark' in helping detecting more effectively such type of disorders. A linear measure alone, as the typical PSD, is not capable in making such a distinction. The work contributes in shedding light on the neural mechanisms of syllogism/reasoning of Aristotelian type, as well as toward understanding how humans reason logically and why 'pathological' subjects deviate from the norms of formal logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia G. Papaioannou
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS”, (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - Eva Kalantzi
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kalliopi Korombili
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Βokou
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Artemios Pehlivanidis
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalabos C. Papageorgiou
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, National University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health, Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS”, (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - George Papaioannou
- Center for Research of Nonlinear Systems (CRANS), Department of Mathematics, University of Patras, Patra, Greece
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Gonçalves LF, Paiva KM, Patatt FSA, Stolz JV, Haas P. Association between autism spectrum disorder and changes in the central auditory processing in children. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:156-162. [PMID: 34161473 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.01.20200588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify the scientific evidence on the association between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Central Auditory Processing Disorder in children, aiming to answer the following research question: What is the association between Autistic Spectrum and Alteration of Auditory Processing in Children? METHODS Studies were chosen through the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH): [(auditory processing) and (children) and (autism) and (neurological disorders)]. The MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, and SciELO databases were used. The analyzed papers covered a ten-year period, from 2010 to 2020. We selected descriptive, cross-sectional, cohort, and case studies. We evaluated the quality of the papers, which had a minimum score of six in the modified scale of the literature. RESULTS 126 papers were retrieved after the exclusion phase, and 17 of them followed the inclusion criteria. Only two papers answered the guiding question with audiological results. CONCLUSIONS Patients diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder may have disturbance central auditory processing, considering that changes were found both in absolute and interpeak latencies in the brainstem evoked response audiometry, as well as in latency and laterality of the N1c wave amplitude. In addition, there were changes in the assessment behavioral auditory processing. Thus, disturbance central auditory processing is common in children with autistic spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrícia Haas
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - Florianópolis (SC), Brasil
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Fujihira H, Itoi C, Furukawa S, Kato N, Kashino M. Auditory brainstem responses in adults with autism spectrum disorder. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2021; 6:179-184. [PMID: 34235293 PMCID: PMC8249870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate possible differences in the auditory peripheral and brainstem functions between adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical (NT) adults. METHODS Click-evoked auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were obtained from 17 high-functioning ASD adults (aged 21-38 years) and 20 NT adults (aged 22-36 years). A relatively large number of stimulus presentations (6000) were adopted, and ABRs by horizontal and vertical electrode montages were evaluated, in order to allow precise evaluations of early ABR components. RESULTS Waves I, II, III, and V were identified in the vertical electrode montage, and wave I and the summating potential (SP) in electrocochleograms were identified in the horizontal electrode montage. There were no significant group differences in the wave I, II, III, and V latencies or the interpeak latencies (IPLs) in the vertical electrode montage. In the horizontal montage, the ASD adults exhibited significantly shortened SP latencies compared with the NT adults, whereas there was no significant group difference in the wave I latency. CONCLUSION The ASD adults may have the abnormalities of processing more in the peripheral auditory system than in the brainstem. SIGNIFICANCE The current study suggests that the peripheral abnormality is associated with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Fujihira
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C. Itoi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, Higashinakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S. Furukawa
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N. Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Kitakarasuyama, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M. Kashino
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Zoccante L, Ciceri ML, Gozzi LA, Gennaro GD, Zerman N. The "Connectivome Theory": A New Model to Understand Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:794516. [PMID: 35250650 PMCID: PMC8892379 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.794516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical approach to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is often limited to considering their neuro-functional aspects. However, recent scientific literature has shown that ASDs also affect many body systems and apparatuses such as the immune system, the sensory-motor system, and the gut-brain axis. The connective tissue, a common thread linking all these structures, may have a pathogenetic role in the multisystem involvement of ASD. Depending on its different anatomical sites, the connective tissue performs functions of connection and support; furthermore, it acts as a barrier between the external and internal environments, regulating the interchange between the two and performing immunological surveillance. The connective tissue shares a close relationship with the central nervous system, the musculoskeletal system and the immune system. Alterations in brain connectivity are common to various developmental disorders, including ASD, and for this reason here we put forward the hypothesis that alterations in the physiological activity of microglia could be implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD. Also, muscle hypotonia is likely to clinically correlate with an altered sensoriality and, in fact, discomfort or early muscle fatigue are often reported in ASDs. Furthermore, patients with ASD often suffer from intestinal dysfunctions, malabsorption and leaky gut syndrome, all phenomena that may be linked to reduced intestinal connectivity. In addition, at the cutaneous and subcutaneous levels, ASDs show a greater predisposition to inflammatory events due to the lack of adequate release of anti-inflammatory mediators. Alveolar-capillary dysfunctions have also been observed in ASD, most frequently interstitial inflammations, immune-mediated forms of allergic asthma, and bronchial hyper-reactivity. Therefore, in autism, altered connectivity can result in phenomena of altered sensitivity to environmental stimuli. The following interpretative model, that we define as the "connectivome theory," considers the alterations in connective elements of common mesodermal origin located in the various organs and apparatuses and entails the evaluation and interpretation of ASDs through also highlighting somatic elements. We believe that this broader approach could be helpful for a more accurate analysis, as it is able to enrich clinical evaluation and define more multidisciplinary and personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Zoccante
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital Verona, Verona, Italy.,Autism Spectrum Disorders Regional Centre of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Luigi Ciceri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital Verona, Verona, Italy.,Autism Spectrum Disorders Regional Centre of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Luigi Alberto Gozzi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital Verona, Verona, Italy.,Autism Spectrum Disorders Regional Centre of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Gennaro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Integrated University Hospital Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zerman
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Rehbein T, Herrmann DN. Sensory processing in autism spectrum disorder. Neurology 2020; 95:851-852. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000010931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nguyen AO, Binder DK, Ethell IM, Razak KA. Abnormal development of auditory responses in the inferior colliculus of a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2101-2121. [PMID: 32319849 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00706.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing abnormalities are frequently associated with autism spectrum disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we studied auditory processing in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), a leading known genetic cause of autism and intellectual disability. Both humans with FXS and the Fragile X mental retardation gene (Fmr1) knockout (KO) mouse model show auditory hypersensitivity, with the latter showing a strong propensity for audiogenic seizures (AGS) early in development. Because midbrain abnormalities cause AGS, we investigated whether the inferior colliculus (IC) of the Fmr1 KO mice shows abnormal auditory processing compared with wild-type (WT) controls at specific developmental time points. Using antibodies against neural activity marker c-Fos, we found increased density of c-Fos+ neurons in the IC, but not auditory cortex, of Fmr1 KO mice at P21 and P34 following sound presentation. In vivo single-unit recordings showed that IC neurons of Fmr1 KO mice are hyperresponsive to tone bursts and amplitude-modulated tones during development and show broader frequency tuning curves. There were no differences in rate-level responses or phase locking to amplitude-modulated tones in IC neurons between genotypes. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the development of auditory hyperresponsiveness in the IC of Fmr1 KO mice. Although most human and mouse work in autism and sensory processing has centered on the forebrain, our new findings, along with recent work on the lower brainstem, suggest that abnormal subcortical responses may underlie auditory hypersensitivity in autism spectrum disorders.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are commonly associated with sensory sensitivity issues, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study presents novel evidence for neural correlates of auditory hypersensitivity in the developing inferior colliculus (IC) in Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse, a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), a leading genetic cause of ASD. Responses begin to show genotype differences between postnatal days 14 and 21, suggesting an early developmental treatment window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna O Nguyen
- Bioengineering Program, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Devin K Binder
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, California.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Iryna M Ethell
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, California.,Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, University of California, Riverside, California.,Psychology Department, University of California, Riverside, California
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Kim EC, Patel J, Zhang J, Soh H, Rhodes JS, Tzingounis AV, Chung HJ. Heterozygous loss of epilepsy gene KCNQ2 alters social, repetitive and exploratory behaviors. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 19:e12599. [PMID: 31283873 PMCID: PMC7050516 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
KCNQ/Kv7 channels conduct voltage‐dependent outward potassium currents that potently decrease neuronal excitability. Heterozygous inherited mutations in their principle subunits Kv7.2/KCNQ2 and Kv7.3/KCNQ3 cause benign familial neonatal epilepsy whereas patients with de novo heterozygous Kv7.2 mutations are associated with early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy and neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay and autism. However, the role of Kv7.2‐containing Kv7 channels in behaviors especially autism‐associated behaviors has not been described. Because pathogenic Kv7.2 mutations in patients are typically heterozygous loss‐of‐function mutations, we investigated the contributions of Kv7.2 to exploratory, social, repetitive and compulsive‐like behaviors by behavioral phenotyping of both male and female KCNQ2+/− mice that were heterozygous null for the KCNQ2 gene. Compared with their wild‐type littermates, male and female KCNQ2+/− mice displayed increased locomotor activity in their home cage during the light phase but not the dark phase and showed no difference in motor coordination, suggesting hyperactivity during the inactive light phase. In the dark phase, KCNQ2+/− group showed enhanced exploratory behaviors, and repetitive grooming but decreased sociability with sex differences in the degree of these behaviors. While male KCNQ2+/− mice displayed enhanced compulsive‐like behavior and social dominance, female KCNQ2+/− mice did not. In addition to elevated seizure susceptibility, our findings together indicate that heterozygous loss of Kv7.2 induces behavioral abnormalities including autism‐associated behaviors such as reduced sociability and enhanced repetitive behaviors. Therefore, our study is the first to provide a tangible link between loss‐of‐function Kv7.2 mutations and the behavioral comorbidities of Kv7.2‐associated epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung Chang Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jaimin Patel
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jiaren Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Heun Soh
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Justin S Rhodes
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Hee Jung Chung
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Neural Foundations of Ayres Sensory Integration ®. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9070153. [PMID: 31261689 PMCID: PMC6680650 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9070153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory integration, now trademarked as Ayres Sensory Integration® or ASI, is based on principles of neuroscience and provides a framework for understanding the contributions of the sensory and motor foundations of human behavior. The theory and practice of ASI continues to evolve as greater understanding of the neurobiology of human behavior emerges. In this paper we examine core constructs of ASI identified in the seminal work of Dr. Jean Ayres, and present current neuroscience research that underlies the main patterns of sensory integration function and dysfunction. We consider how current research verifies and clarifies Ayres’ propositions by describing functions of the vestibular, proprioceptive, and tactile sensory systems, and exploring their relationships to ocular, postural, bilateral integration, praxis, and sensory modulation. We close by proposing neuroplasticity as the mechanisms underlying change as a result of ASI intervention.
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Fatima Z, Zahra A, Ghouse M, Wang X, Yuan Z. Maternal SSRIs experience and risk of ASD in offspring: a review. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1020-1028. [PMID: 30510676 PMCID: PMC6220718 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants are extensively used during pregnancy and associated with severe outcomes, including innate malformations, prematurity, and low birth weight, etc. A recent study suggested that prenatal exposure to antidepressants may impair child neurodevelopment process. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate the potential association between prenatal use of selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Twelve studies related to the linkage between SSRI exposure during pregnancy and ASD in children were explored and compiled. However, there is a knowledge gap concerning the potential link between gestational exposure to antidepressants and the risk of ASDs. Despite such limitations, the available data show that some signal exists and signifies that antenatal exposure to SSRIs may increase the risk of ASDs. Thus, there is a vital need for further, large and well-designed research to definitively evaluate the existence and the magnitude of this severe risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Fatima
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU) , Wuhan , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-27-87672232 ; Tel: +86-27-87287186 ; Tel: +86-27-87287186
| | - Aqeela Zahra
- School of Life Sciences , South China Normal University , China
- School of Psychology and Brain Science Institute , South China Normal University , Guangzhou , 510631
| | - Maria Ghouse
- School of Life Sciences , South China Normal University , China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU) , Wuhan , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-27-87672232 ; Tel: +86-27-87287186 ; Tel: +86-27-87287186
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues , Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU) , Wuhan , China . ; ; ; Fax: +86-27-87672232 ; Tel: +86-27-87287186 ; Tel: +86-27-87287186
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products , Wuhan , China
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Altered Auditory Processing, Filtering, and Reactivity in the Cntnap2 Knock-Out Rat Model for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8588-8604. [PMID: 30126973 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0759-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing, and auditory processing in particular, is altered in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The typical maturation of the auditory system is perturbed in these individuals during early development, which may underlie altered auditory reactivity that persists in later life. Of the many genes that regulate the auditory system development, loss-of-function mutations in the CNTNAP2 gene are strongly associated with language processing deficits and ASD. Therefore, using a novel Cntnap2 knock-out rat model, we tested the impact of Cntnap2 loss on auditory processing, filtering, and reactivity throughout development and young adulthood in male and female animals. Although hearing thresholds were not altered in Cntnap2 knock-out animals, we found a reduction in response amplitudes and a delay in response latency of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in juvenile Cntnap2 knock-out rats compared with age-matched controls. Amplitudes and latency of the ABR largely normalized by adulthood, indicating a delayed maturation of auditory processing pathways in Cntnap2 knock-out rats. Despite the reduced ABR amplitudes, adolescent Cntnap2 knock-out animals displayed increased startle reactivity accompanied by disruptions in sensory filtering and sensorimotor gating across various conditions, most of which persisted in adulthood. All of these observations show striking parallels to disruptions reported in ASD. Our results also imply that developmental disruptions of sensory signal processing are associated with persistent changes in neural circuitries responsible for implicit auditory evoked behavior, emphasizing the need for interventions that target sensory processing disruptions early during development in ASD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This is the first study of brainstem auditory processing in a novel knock-out rat model with very high construct and face validity for autism spectrum disorders. Electrophysiological and behavioral measures of implicit auditory-evoked responses were systematically taken across developmental stages. Auditory processing, filtering, and reactivity disruptions show striking similarities to observations in autism. We also show for the first time that, whereas auditory brainstem responses normalize by adulthood, disruptions in brainstem-mediated auditory-evoked behavior persist. This indicates that early developmental perturbations in sensory processing can cause permanent maladaptive changes in circuitries responsible for auditory reactivity, underlining the importance for interventions early during development aiming at normalizing sensory processing.
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23
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Ocak E, Eshraghi RS, Danesh A, Mittal R, Eshraghi AA. Central Auditory Processing Disorders in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Balkan Med J 2018; 35:367-372. [PMID: 29952312 PMCID: PMC6158468 DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2018.0853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders are still largely unknown. This article provides a comprehensive review of the studies that are relevant to autism spectrum disorders and central auditory processing disorders and also discusses the relationship between autism spectrum disorders and central auditory processing disorders in the light of recent studies on this subject, which may provide new pathways in a therapeutic perspective. Several studies confirm that most of the individuals with an autism spectrum disorder have some degree of sensory dysfunction related to disorders of processing auditory, visual, vestibular, and/or tactile stimuli. Among these studies, some have addressed central auditory processing disorders. There is an increasing amount of effort for studies regarding the link between autism spectrum disorders and central auditory processing disorders. Most of the studies investigating central auditory processing disorders in patients with autism spectrum disorders have used electrophysiological measurements such as mismatch negativity and P300 event-related potentials. In addition to these, several studies have reported deterioration in speech perception and expression in patients with autism spectrum disorders, which may also be related to central auditory processing disorders in this unique group of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Ocak
- Department of Otolaryngology and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Eshraghi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami USA
| | - Ali Danesh
- Department of Audiology, Florida Atlantic University School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Adrien A. Eshraghi
- Department of Otolaryngology and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
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24
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Cheng CH, Chan PYS, Hsu SC, Liu CY. Meta-analysis of sensorimotor gating in patients with autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:413-419. [PMID: 28918862 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle response is a well-established neurophysiological marker of sensorimotor gating ability in psychiatric patients including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). PPI has been utilized as an indicator of the central inhibitory function and is potentially linked to the clinical features of this disease. However, it remains inconclusive whether ASD patients exhibit PPI deficits compared with healthy controls. The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the pooled effect sizes of PPI in ASD patients. We searched major electronic databases from 1990 to January 2017. Seven studies, consisting of 21 individual investigations with 135 healthy controls and 99 ASD patients, were obtained. The effect size, calculated as Hedges's g and 95% confidence interval, were estimated. Overall, we found ASD patients exhibited an impaired PPI compared with healthy controls (p = 0.008). Specifically, significant PPI deficits were observed among ASD children/adolescents, compared with their healthy counterparts (p = 0.019). However, differences in PPI responses were not observed among adults. Conclusively, our results reconciled the previous studies and showed that ASD children/adolescents, but not adults, exhibit reduced sensorimotor gating function compared to healthy controls. We also suggest that the parameters of PPI are particularly important and the results should be interpreted with cautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ying S Chan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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25
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Grabrucker S, Haderspeck JC, Sauer AK, Kittelberger N, Asoglu H, Abaei A, Rasche V, Schön M, Boeckers TM, Grabrucker AM. Brain Lateralization in Mice Is Associated with Zinc Signaling and Altered in Prenatal Zinc Deficient Mice That Display Features of Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 10:450. [PMID: 29379414 PMCID: PMC5775238 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have reported changes in the hemispheric dominance in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients on functional, biochemical, and morphological level. Since asymmetry of the brain is also found in many vertebrates, we analyzed whether prenatal zinc deficient (PZD) mice, a mouse model with ASD like behavior, show alterations regarding brain lateralization on molecular and behavioral level. Our results show that hemisphere-specific expression of marker genes is abolished in PZD mice on mRNA and protein level. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we found an increased striatal volume in PZD mice with no change in total brain volume. Moreover, behavioral patterns associated with striatal lateralization are altered and the lateralized expression of dopamine receptor 1 (DR1) in the striatum of PZD mice was changed. We conclude that zinc signaling during brain development has a critical role in the establishment of brain lateralization in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Grabrucker
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Jasmin C Haderspeck
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ann Katrin Sauer
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nadine Kittelberger
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Harun Asoglu
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core Facility Small Animal Imaging, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schön
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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26
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Huang D, Yu L, Wang X, Fan Y, Wang S, Zhang Y. Distinct patterns of discrimination and orienting for temporal processing of speech and nonspeech in Chinese children with autism: an event-related potential study. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:662-668. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- School of Psychology; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
- Guangzhou Rehabilitation and Research Center for Children with Autism; Guangzhou Cana School; Guangzhou China
| | - Luodi Yu
- School of Psychology; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
| | - Xiaoyue Wang
- School of Psychology; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
| | - Yuebo Fan
- Guangzhou Rehabilitation and Research Center for Children with Autism; Guangzhou Cana School; Guangzhou China
| | - Suiping Wang
- School of Psychology; South China Normal University; Guangzhou 510631 China
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science; South China Normal University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN 55455 USA
- Center for Neurobehavioral Development; University of Minnesota; Minneapolis MN USA
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27
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Sprowles JL, Hufgard JR, Gutierrez A, Bailey RA, Jablonski SA, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Differential effects of perinatal exposure to antidepressants on learning and memory, acoustic startle, anxiety, and open‐field activity in Sprague‐Dawley rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 61:92-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L.N. Sprowles
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Jillian R. Hufgard
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
| | - Arnold Gutierrez
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
| | - Rebecca A. Bailey
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
| | - Sarah A. Jablonski
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
| | - Michael T. Williams
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
| | - Charles V. Vorhees
- Division of NeurologyCincinnati Children's Research FoundationCincinnatiOHUnited States
- University of Cincinnati, College of MedicineCincinnatiOH45229United States
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28
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Demopoulos C, Yu N, Tripp J, Mota N, Brandes-Aitken AN, Desai SS, Hill SS, Antovich AD, Harris J, Honma S, Mizuiri D, Nagarajan SS, Marco EJ. Magnetoencephalographic Imaging of Auditory and Somatosensory Cortical Responses in Children with Autism and Sensory Processing Dysfunction. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:259. [PMID: 28603492 PMCID: PMC5445128 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging-derived indices of auditory and somatosensory cortical processing in children aged 8–12 years with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 18), those with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD; N = 13) who do not meet ASD criteria, and typically developing control (TDC; N = 19) participants. The magnitude of responses to both auditory and tactile stimulation was comparable across all three groups; however, the M200 latency response from the left auditory cortex was significantly delayed in the ASD group relative to both the TDC and SPD groups, whereas the somatosensory response of the ASD group was only delayed relative to TDC participants. The SPD group did not significantly differ from either group in terms of somatosensory latency, suggesting that participants with SPD may have an intermediate phenotype between ASD and TDC with regard to somatosensory processing. For the ASD group, correlation analyses indicated that the left M200 latency delay was significantly associated with performance on the WISC-IV Verbal Comprehension Index as well as the DSTP Acoustic-Linguistic index. Further, these cortical auditory response delays were not associated with somatosensory cortical response delays or cognitive processing speed in the ASD group, suggesting that auditory delays in ASD are domain specific rather than associated with generalized processing delays. The specificity of these auditory delays to the ASD group, in addition to their correlation with verbal abilities, suggests that auditory sensory dysfunction may be implicated in communication symptoms in ASD, motivating further research aimed at understanding the impact of sensory dysfunction on the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Demopoulos
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nina Yu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Tripp
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nayara Mota
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anne N Brandes-Aitken
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shivani S Desai
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susanna S Hill
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ashley D Antovich
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Julia Harris
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susanne Honma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Danielle Mizuiri
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Srikantan S Nagarajan
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elysa J Marco
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA, United States
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29
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Ida-Eto M, Hara N, Ohkawara T, Narita M. Mechanism of auditory hypersensitivity in human autism using autism model rats. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:404-407. [PMID: 27706877 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auditory hypersensitivity is one of the major complications in autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the auditory brain center is affected in autism model rats. METHODS Autism model rats were prepared by prenatal exposure to thalidomide on embryonic day 9 and 10 in pregnant rats. The superior olivary complex (SOC), a complex of auditory nuclei, was immunostained with anti-calbindin d28k antibody at postnatal day 50. RESULTS In autism model rats, SOC immunoreactivity was markedly decreased. Strength of immunostaining of SOC auditory fibers was also weak in autism model rats. Surprisingly, the size of the medial nucleus of trapezoid body, a nucleus exerting inhibitory function in SOC, was significantly decreased in autism model rats. CONCLUSIONS Auditory hypersensitivity may be, in part, due to impairment of inhibitory processing by the auditory brain center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiru Ida-Eto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Nao Hara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohkawara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masaaki Narita
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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30
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Stewart CR, Sanchez SS, Grenesko EL, Brown CM, Chen CP, Keehn B, Velasquez F, Lincoln AJ, Müller RA. Sensory Symptoms and Processing of Nonverbal Auditory and Visual Stimuli in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 46:1590-601. [PMID: 25652601 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2367-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Atypical sensory responses are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While evidence suggests impaired auditory-visual integration for verbal information, findings for nonverbal stimuli are inconsistent. We tested for sensory symptoms in children with ASD (using the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile) and examined unisensory and bisensory processing with a nonverbal auditory-visual paradigm, for which neurotypical adults show bisensory facilitation. ASD participants reported more atypical sensory symptoms overall, most prominently in the auditory modality. On the experimental task, reduced response times for bisensory compared to unisensory trials were seen in both ASD and control groups, but neither group showed significant race model violation (evidence of intermodal integration). Findings do not support impaired bisensory processing for simple nonverbal stimuli in high-functioning children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R Stewart
- Brain Development Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sandra S Sanchez
- Brain Development Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Emily L Grenesko
- Brain Development Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine M Brown
- Brain Development Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Pacific Science and Engineering Group, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Colleen P Chen
- Brain Development Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brandon Keehn
- Brain Development Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Francisco Velasquez
- Brain Development Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alan J Lincoln
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Alliant International University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ralph-Axel Müller
- Brain Development Imaging Lab, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA.
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31
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Sprowles JLN, Hufgard JR, Gutierrez A, Bailey RA, Jablonski SA, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Perinatal exposure to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram alters spatial learning and memory, anxiety, depression, and startle in Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 54:39-52. [PMID: 27591973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) block the serotonin (5-HT) reuptake transporter (SERT) and increase synaptic 5-HT. 5-HT is also important in brain development; hence when SSRIs are taken during pregnancy there exists the potential for these drugs to affect CNS ontogeny. Prenatal SSRI exposure has been associated with an increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and peripheral 5-HT is elevated in some ASD patients. Perinatal SSRI exposure in rodents has been associated with increased depression and anxiety-like behavior, decreased sociability, and impaired learning in the offspring, behaviors often seen in ASD. The present study investigated whether perinatal exposure to citalopram causes persistent neurobehavioral effects. Gravid Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups and subcutaneously injected twice per day with citalopram (10mg/kg; Cit) or saline (Sal) 6h apart on embryonic day (E)6-21, and then drug was given directly to the pups after delivery from postnatal day (P)1-20. Starting on P60, one male/female from each litter was tested in the Cincinnati water maze (CWM) and open-field before and after MK-801. A second pair from each litter was tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) and open-field before and after (+)-amphetamine. A third pair was tested as follows: elevated zero-maze, open-field, marble burying, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, social preference, and forced swim. Cit-exposed rats were impaired in the MWM during acquisition and probe, but not during reversal, shift, or cued trials. Cit-exposed rats also showed increased marble burying, decreased time in the center of the open-field, decreased latency to immobility in forced swim, and increased acoustic startle across prepulse intensities with no effects on CWM. The results are consistent with citalopram inducing several ASD-like effects. The findings add to concerns about use of SSRIs during pregnancy. Further research on different classes of antidepressants, dose-effect relationships, timing of exposure periods, and mechanisms for these effects are needed. It is also important to balance the effects described here against the effects of the disorders for which the drugs are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L N Sprowles
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Jillian R Hufgard
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Arnold Gutierrez
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Rebecca A Bailey
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Sarah A Jablonski
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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32
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Yoshimura Y, Kikuchi M, Hiraishi H, Hasegawa C, Takahashi T, Remijn GB, Oi M, Munesue T, Higashida H, Minabe Y. Synchrony of auditory brain responses predicts behavioral ability to keep still in children with autism spectrum disorder: Auditory-evoked response in children with autism spectrum disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:300-5. [PMID: 27551667 PMCID: PMC4983646 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The auditory-evoked P1m, recorded by magnetoencephalography, reflects a central auditory processing ability in human children. One recent study revealed that asynchrony of P1m between the right and left hemispheres reflected a central auditory processing disorder (i.e., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD) in children. However, to date, the relationship between auditory P1m right-left hemispheric synchronization and the comorbidity of hyperactivity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unknown. In this study, based on a previous report of an asynchrony of P1m in children with ADHD, to clarify whether the P1m right-left hemispheric synchronization is related to the symptom of hyperactivity in children with ASD, we investigated the relationship between voice-evoked P1m right-left hemispheric synchronization and hyperactivity in children with ASD. In addition to synchronization, we investigated the right-left hemispheric lateralization. Our findings failed to demonstrate significant differences in these values between ASD children with and without the symptom of hyperactivity, which was evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observational Schedule, Generic (ADOS-G) subscale. However, there was a significant correlation between the degrees of hemispheric synchronization and the ability to keep still during 12-minute MEG recording periods. Our results also suggested that asynchrony in the bilateral brain auditory processing system is associated with ADHD-like symptoms in children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshimura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Hiraishi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Gerard B Remijn
- International Education Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Manabu Oi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshio Munesue
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshio Minabe
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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33
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Bennetto L, Keith JM, Allen PD, Luebke AE. Children with autism spectrum disorder have reduced otoacoustic emissions at the 1 kHz mid-frequency region. Autism Res 2016; 10:337-345. [PMID: 27404771 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a behaviorally diagnosed disorder of early onset characterized by impairment in social communication and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Some of the earliest signs of ASD involve auditory processing, and a recent study found that hearing thresholds in children with ASD in the mid-range frequencies were significantly related to receptive and expressive language measures. In addition, otoacoustic emissions have been used to detect reduced cochlear function in the presence of normal audiometric thresholds. We were interested then to know if otoacoustic emissions in children with normal audiometric thresholds would also reveal differences between children with ASD and typical developing (TD) controls in mid-frequency regions. Our objective was to specifically measure baseline afferent otoacoustic emissions (distortion-product otoacoustic emissions [DPOAEs]), transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TrOAEs), and efferent suppression, in 35 children with high-functioning ASD compared with 42 aged-matched TD controls. All participants were males 6-17 years old, with normal audiometry, and rigorously characterized via Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Children with ASD had greatly reduced DPOAE responses in the 1 kHz frequency range, yet had comparable DPOAE responses at 0.5 and 4-8 kHz regions. Furthermore, analysis of the spectral features of TrOAEs revealed significantly decreased emissions in ASD in similar frequencies. No significant differences were noted in DPOAE or TrOAE noise floors, middle ear muscle reflex activity, or efferent suppression between children with ASD and TD controls. In conclusion, attention to specific-frequency deficits using non-invasive measures of cochlear function may be important in auditory processing impairments found in ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 337-345. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loisa Bennetto
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jessica M Keith
- Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Paul D Allen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Anne E Luebke
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Yu L, Fan Y, Deng Z, Huang D, Wang S, Zhang Y. Pitch Processing in Tonal-Language-Speaking Children with Autism: An Event-Related Potential Study. J Autism Dev Disord 2016; 45:3656-67. [PMID: 26111738 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2510-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated pitch processing in Mandarin-speaking children with autism using event-related potential measures. Two experiments were designed to test how acoustic, phonetic and semantic properties of the stimuli contributed to the neural responses for pitch change detection and involuntary attentional orienting. In comparison with age-matched (6-12 years) typically developing controls (16 participants in Experiment 1, 18 in Experiment 2), children with autism (18 participants in Experiment 1, 16 in Experiment 2) showed enhanced neural discriminatory sensitivity in the nonspeech conditions but not for speech stimuli. The results indicate domain specificity of enhanced pitch processing in autism, which may interfere with lexical tone acquisition and language development for children who speak a tonal language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luodi Yu
- School of Psychology and Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Yuebo Fan
- Guangzhou Rehabilitation and Research Center for Children with Autism, Guangzhou Cana School, Guangzhou, 510540, China
| | - Zhizhou Deng
- School of Psychology and Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Guangzhou Rehabilitation and Research Center for Children with Autism, Guangzhou Cana School, Guangzhou, 510540, China
| | - Suiping Wang
- School of Psychology and Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Center for Neurobehavioral Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Key AP, Yoder PJ, Stone WL. Consonant differentiation mediates the discrepancy between non-verbal and verbal abilities in children with ASD. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2016; 60:478-90. [PMID: 27120990 PMCID: PMC6927012 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate verbal communication disorders reflected in lower verbal than non-verbal abilities. The present study examined the extent to which this discrepancy is associated with atypical speech sound differentiation. METHODS Differences in the amplitude of auditory event-related potentials elicited by contrasting consonant-vowel syllables during a passive listening paradigm were used to assess speech sound differentiation in 24 children with ASD and 18 chronological age-matched children with typical development (TD), M age 6.90 years (SD = 1.39). RESULTS Results revealed that compared with TD peers, children with ASD showed reduced consonant differentiation in the 84- to 308-ms period. Brain responses indexing consonant differentiation were negatively related to the degree of discrepancy in non-verbal and verbal abilities and mediated the relationship between diagnostic group membership and the greater discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS We discuss the theoretical and clinical implications of the brain's response to speech sound contrasts possibly explaining the greater non-verbal versus language ability in children with ASD compared with that in typically developing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Key
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P J Yoder
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - W L Stone
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Atypical Bilateral Brain Synchronization in the Early Stage of Human Voice Auditory Processing in Young Children with Autism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153077. [PMID: 27074011 PMCID: PMC4830448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been postulated to involve impaired neuronal cooperation in large-scale neural networks, including cortico-cortical interhemispheric circuitry. In the context of ASD, alterations in both peripheral and central auditory processes have also attracted a great deal of interest because these changes appear to represent pathophysiological processes; therefore, many prior studies have focused on atypical auditory responses in ASD. The auditory evoked field (AEF), recorded by magnetoencephalography, and the synchronization of these processes between right and left hemispheres was recently suggested to reflect various cognitive abilities in children. However, to date, no previous study has focused on AEF synchronization in ASD subjects. To assess global coordination across spatially distributed brain regions, the analysis of Omega complexity from multichannel neurophysiological data was proposed. Using Omega complexity analysis, we investigated the global coordination of AEFs in 3–8-year-old typically developing (TD) children (n = 50) and children with ASD (n = 50) in 50-ms time-windows. Children with ASD displayed significantly higher Omega complexities compared with TD children in the time-window of 0–50 ms, suggesting lower whole brain synchronization in the early stage of the P1m component. When we analyzed the left and right hemispheres separately, no significant differences in any time-windows were observed. These results suggest lower right-left hemispheric synchronization in children with ASD compared with TD children. Our study provides new evidence of aberrant neural synchronization in young children with ASD by investigating auditory evoked neural responses to the human voice.
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Hutton J. Does Rubella Cause Autism: A 2015 Reappraisal? Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:25. [PMID: 26869906 PMCID: PMC4734211 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 1970s, Stella Chess found a high prevalence of autism in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), 200 times that of the general population at the time. Many researchers quote this fact to add proof to the current theory that maternal infection with immune system activation in pregnancy leads to autism in the offspring. This rubella and autism association is presented with the notion that rubella has been eliminated in today’s world. CRS cases are no longer typically seen; yet, autistic children often share findings of CRS including deafness, congenital heart defects, and to a lesser extent visual changes. Autistic children commonly have hyperactivity and spasticity, as do CRS children. Both autistic and CRS individuals may develop type 1 diabetes as young adults. Neuropathology of CRS infants may reveal cerebral vasculitis with narrowed lumens and cerebral necrosis. Neuroradiological findings of children with CRS show calcifications, periventricular leukomalacia, and dilated perivascular spaces. Neuroradiology of autism has also demonstrated hyperintensities, leukomalacia, and prominent perivascular spaces. PET studies of autistic individuals exhibit decreased perfusion to areas of the brain similarly affected by rubella. In both autism and CRS, certain changes in the brain have implicated the immune system. Several children with autism lack antibodies to rubella, as do children with CRS. These numerous similarities increase the probability of an association between rubella virus and autism. Rubella and autism cross many ethnicities in many countries. Contrary to current belief, rubella has not been eradicated and globally affects up to 5% of pregnant women. Susceptibility continues as vaccines are not given worldwide and are not fully protective. Rubella might still cause autism, even in vaccinated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Hutton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Woman's Hospital of Texas , Houston, TX , USA
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38
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Yoshimura Y, Kikuchi M, Hiraishi H, Hasegawa C, Takahashi T, Remijn GB, Oi M, Munesue T, Higashida H, Minabe Y, Kojima H. Atypical development of the central auditory system in young children with Autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2016; 9:1216-1226. [PMID: 26808455 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The P1m component of the auditory evoked magnetic field is the earliest cortical response associated with language acquisition. However, the growth curve of the P1m component is unknown in both typically developing (TD) and atypically developing children. The aim of this study is to clarify the developmental pattern of this component when evoked by binaural human voice stimulation using child-customized magnetoencephalography. A total of 35 young TD children (32-121 months of age) and 35 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (38-111 months of age) participated in this study. This is the first report to demonstrate an inverted U-shaped growth curve for the P1m dipole intensity in the left hemisphere in TD children. In addition, our results revealed a more diversified age-related distribution of auditory brain responses in 3- to 9-year-old children with ASD. These results demonstrate the diversified growth curve of the P1m component in ASD during young childhood, which is a crucial period for first language acquisition. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1216-1226. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshimura
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Hiraishi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hasegawa
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Gerard B Remijn
- International Education Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 815-8540, Japan
| | - Manabu Oi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshio Munesue
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshio Minabe
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Haruyuki Kojima
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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39
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Boets B, Verhoeven J, Wouters J, Steyaert J. Fragile spectral and temporal auditory processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and early language delay. J Autism Dev Disord 2015; 45:1845-57. [PMID: 25503681 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated low-level auditory spectral and temporal processing in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and early language delay compared to matched typically developing controls. Auditory measures were designed to target right versus left auditory cortex processing (i.e. frequency discrimination and slow amplitude modulation (AM) detection versus gap-in-noise detection and faster AM detection), and to pinpoint the task and stimulus characteristics underlying putative superior spectral processing in ASD. We observed impaired frequency discrimination in the ASD group and suggestive evidence of poorer temporal resolution as indexed by gap-in-noise detection thresholds. These findings question the evidence of enhanced spectral sensitivity in ASD and do not support the hypothesis of superior right and inferior left hemispheric auditory processing in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Boets
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Box 7003, 3000, Leuven, Belgium,
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40
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Luisier AC, Petitpierre G, Ferdenzi C, Clerc Bérod A, Giboreau A, Rouby C, Bensafi M. Odor Perception in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and its Relationship to Food Neophobia. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1830. [PMID: 26648891 PMCID: PMC4664613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical sensory functioning in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been well documented in the last decade for the visual, tactile and auditory systems, but olfaction in ASD is still understudied. The aim of the present study was to examine whether children with ASD and neuro-typically (NT) developed children differed in odor perception, at the cognitive (familiarity and identification ability), sensorimotor (olfactory exploration) and affective levels (hedonic evaluation). Because an important function of the sense of smell is its involvement in eating, from food selection to appreciation and recognition, a potential link between odor perception and food neophobia was also investigated. To these ends, 10 children between 6 and 13 years old diagnosed with ASD and 10 NT control children were tested. To compare performance, 16 stimuli were used and food neophobia was assessed by the parents on a short food neophobia scale. Results revealed that (i) significant hedonic discrimination between attractive and aversive odors was observed in NT (p = 0.005; d = 2.378) and ASD children (p = 0.042; d = 0.941), and (ii) hedonic discrimination level was negatively correlated with food neophobia scores in ASD (p = 0.007) but not NT children. In conclusion, this study offers new insights into odor perception in ASD children, highlighting a relationship between odor hedonic reactivity and eating behavior. This opens up new perspectives on both (i) the role of olfaction in the construction of eating behavior in ASD children, and (ii) the measurement and meaning of food neophobia in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claude Luisier
- Research Center in Neurosciences of Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 Lyon, France ; Senso5 Foundation Sion, Switzerland ; Institute of Special Education, University of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Camille Ferdenzi
- Research Center in Neurosciences of Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | | | - Agnes Giboreau
- Research Center in Neurosciences of Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 Lyon, France ; Center for Food and Hospitality Research, Institut Paul Bocuse Ecully, France
| | - Catherine Rouby
- Research Center in Neurosciences of Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 Lyon, France
| | - Moustafa Bensafi
- Research Center in Neurosciences of Lyon, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1 Lyon, France
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41
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Anomal RF, de Villers-Sidani E, Brandão JA, Diniz R, Costa MR, Romcy-Pereira RN. Impaired Processing in the Primary Auditory Cortex of an Animal Model of Autism. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:158. [PMID: 26635548 PMCID: PMC4644803 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder clinically characterized by deficits in communication, lack of social interaction and repetitive behaviors with restricted interests. A number of studies have reported that sensory perception abnormalities are common in autistic individuals and might contribute to the complex behavioral symptoms of the disorder. In this context, hearing incongruence is particularly prevalent. Considering that some of this abnormal processing might stem from the unbalance of inhibitory and excitatory drives in brain circuitries, we used an animal model of autism induced by valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy in order to investigate the tonotopic organization of the primary auditory cortex (AI) and its local inhibitory circuitry. Our results show that VPA rats have distorted primary auditory maps with over-representation of high frequencies, broadly tuned receptive fields and higher sound intensity thresholds as compared to controls. However, we did not detect differences in the number of parvalbumin-positive interneurons in AI of VPA and control rats. Altogether our findings show that neurophysiological impairments of hearing perception in this autism model occur independently of alterations in the number of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. These data support the notion that fine circuit alterations, rather than gross cellular modification, could lead to neurophysiological changes in the autistic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rebecca Diniz
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
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42
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Abnormal brainstem auditory response in young females with ADHD. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:750-4. [PMID: 26275703 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies have shown that the auditory brainstem response (ABR) is often affected in neurodevelopmental disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate possible differences in ABR between young females with ADHD compared to control subjects. This study focuses on young females, age 7-17 with ADHD, comparing the ABR of 43 young females with ADHD to 21 age- and gender-matched control subjects. Young females with ADHD have a significantly different ABR in a region between cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex as well as in the thalamic region compared to control subjects. These data indicate specific differences in ABR between girls with ADHD compared to female controls.
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43
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Danesh AA, Lang D, Kaf W, Andreassen WD, Scott J, Eshraghi AA. Tinnitus and hyperacusis in autism spectrum disorders with emphasis on high functioning individuals diagnosed with Asperger's Syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 79:1683-8. [PMID: 26243502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of tinnitus and hyperacusis in individuals with Asperger's Syndrome (AS). METHODS A home-developed case-history survey and three item-weighted questionnaires: Tinnitus Reaction Questionnaire (TRQ), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and the Hyperacusis Questionnaire (HQ) were employed. These tools categorize the subjective response to tinnitus and hyperacusis. The research tools were mailed to a mailing list of individuals with Asperger's Syndrome. RESULTS A total of 55 subjects diagnosed with AS were included in the analysis (15.5% response rate). Sixty-nine percent of all respondents (38/55) reported hyperacusis with an average HQ score of 20.7. Furthermore, 35% (19/55) reported perceiving tinnitus with average scores of 27 for the TRQ and 23 for the THI. Thirty-one percent (17/55) reported both hyperacusis and tinnitus. The prevalence of hyperacusis in the AS respondents remained relatively constant across age groups. CONCLUSIONS Hyperacusis and tinnitus are more prevalent in the ASD population subgroup diagnosed with AS under DSM-IV criteria than in the general public. Hyperacusis also appears to be more prevalent in the AS population than in the ASD population at large. Future research is warranted to provide insight into the possible correlation between tinnitus and hyperacusis symptoms and the abnormal social interactions observed in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Danesh
- Florida Atlantic University, United States; University of Miami, United States; Labyrinth Audiology, United States
| | | | - Wafaa Kaf
- Missouri State University, United States
| | | | - Jack Scott
- Florida Atlantic University, United States
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Shared and Divergent Auditory and Tactile Processing in Children with Autism and Children with Sensory Processing Dysfunction Relative to Typically Developing Peers. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2015; 21:444-54. [PMID: 26145730 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617715000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare sensory processing in typically developing children (TDC), children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and those with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD) in the absence of an ASD. Performance-based measures of auditory and tactile processing were compared between male children ages 8-12 years assigned to an ASD (N=20), SPD (N=15), or TDC group (N=19). Both the SPD and ASD groups were impaired relative to the TDC group on a performance-based measure of tactile processing (right-handed graphesthesia). In contrast, only the ASD group showed significant impairment on an auditory processing index assessing dichotic listening, temporal patterning, and auditory discrimination. Furthermore, this impaired auditory processing was associated with parent-rated communication skills for both the ASD group and the combined study sample. No significant group differences were detected on measures of left-handed graphesthesia, tactile sensitivity, or form discrimination; however, more participants in the SPD group demonstrated a higher tactile detection threshold (60%) compared to the TDC (26.7%) and ASD groups (35%). This study provides support for use of performance-based measures in the assessment of children with ASD and SPD and highlights the need to better understand how sensory processing affects the higher order cognitive abilities associated with ASD, such as verbal and non-verbal communication, regardless of diagnostic classification.
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45
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Demopoulos C, Lewine JD. Audiometric Profiles in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Does Subclinical Hearing Loss Impact Communication? Autism Res 2015; 9:107-20. [PMID: 25962745 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rates of hearing impairment in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are higher than those reported in the general population. Although ASD is not caused by hearing impairment, it may exacerbate symptomatology. Participants with ASD (N = 60) and typically developing peers (N = 16) aged 5-18 years underwent a comprehensive audiological screening (pure tone audiometry, uncomfortable loudness level, tympanometry, acoustic reflexes, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and auditory brainstem response) and assessment of communication abilities (expressive/receptive language, articulation, phonological awareness, and vocal affect recognition). Incidence of abnormal findings on at least one measure of audiological functioning was higher for the ASD group (55%) than controls (14.9%) or the general population estimate (6%). The presence of sound sensitivity was also considerably higher for the ASD group (37%) compared with controls (0%) or general population estimates (8-15%). When participants with ASD were dichotomized into groups with and without evidence of clinical audiological abnormality, no significant differences were identified on measures of communication; however, results of correlational analyses indicated that variability in hearing thresholds at middle range frequencies (2000 Hz) was significantly related to performance on all measures of speech articulation and language after correction for multiple comparisons (r = -0.48 to r = -0.53, P < 0.0045). These findings suggest that dichotomized classification of clinical audiology may not be sufficient to understand the role of subclinical hearing loss in ASD symptomatology and that treatment studies for mild/subclinical hearing loss in this population may be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Demopoulos
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S362, San Francisco, California.,Mind Research Network, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jeffrey David Lewine
- Mind Research Network, Pete & Nancy Domenici Hall, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Lovelace Scientific Resources, Albuquerque, New Mexico.,Departments of Psychology and Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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46
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Gee B, Thompson K, Pierce A, Toupin M, Holst J. The effectiveness of auditory stimulation in children with autism spectrum disorders: A case–control study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2015. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2015.22.1.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Gee
- Associate professor, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Kelly Thompson
- Clinical associate professor, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Aaron Pierce
- Occupational therapist, Speech Therapy Services, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Megan Toupin
- Occupational therapist, Speech Therapy Services, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
| | - Jennifer Holst
- Associate professor, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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47
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Kato F, Iwanaga R, Chono M, Fujihara S, Tokunaga A, Murata J, Tanaka K, Nakane H, Tanaka G. Relationship between Sympathetic Skin Responses and Auditory Hypersensitivity to Different Auditory Stimuli. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:1087-91. [PMID: 25140103 PMCID: PMC4135204 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Auditory hypersensitivity has been widely reported in patients with autism spectrum disorders. However, the neurological background of auditory hypersensitivity is currently not clear. The present study examined the relationship between sympathetic nervous system responses and auditory hypersensitivity induced by different types of auditory stimuli. [Methods] We exposed 20 healthy young adults to six different types of auditory stimuli. The amounts of palmar sweating resulting from the auditory stimuli were compared between groups with (hypersensitive) and without (non-hypersensitive) auditory hypersensitivity. [Results] Although no group × type of stimulus × first stimulus interaction was observed for the extent of reaction, significant type of stimulus × first stimulus interaction was noted for the extent of reaction. For an 80 dB-6,000 Hz stimulus, the trends for palmar sweating differed between the groups. For the first stimulus, the variance became larger in the hypersensitive group than in the non-hypersensitive group. [Conclusion] Subjects who regularly felt excessive reactions to auditory stimuli tended to have excessive sympathetic responses to repeated loud noises compared with subjects who did not feel excessive reactions. People with auditory hypersensitivity may be classified into several subtypes depending on their reaction patterns to auditory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumi Kato
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Iwanaga
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Mami Chono
- Hirado City Health and Welfare Centre for Children with Disabilities, Japan
| | | | - Akiko Tokunaga
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Jun Murata
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nakane
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Goro Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
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Kohl S, Wolters C, Gruendler TOJ, Vogeley K, Klosterkötter J, Kuhn J. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in high functioning autism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92372. [PMID: 24643088 PMCID: PMC3958534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High functioning autism is an autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication as well as repetitive and restrictive behavior while intelligence and general cognitive functioning are preserved. According to the weak central coherence account, individuals with autism tend to process information detail-focused at the expense of global form. This processing bias might be reflected by deficits in sensorimotor gating, a mechanism that prevents overstimulation during the transformation of sensory input into motor action. Prepulse inhibition is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, which indicates an extensive attenuation of the startle reflex that occurs when a startling pulse is preceded by a weaker stimulus, the prepulse. Methods In the present study, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle was compared between 17 adults with high functioning autism and 17 sex-, age-, and intelligence-matched controls by means of electromyography. Results Results indicate that participants with high functioning autism exhibited significantly higher startle amplitudes than the control group. However, groups did not differ with regard to PPI or habituation of startle. Discussion These findings challenge the results of two previous studies that reported prepulse inhibition deficits in high-functioning autism and suggest that sensorimotor gating is only impaired in certain subgroups with autism spectrum disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Kohl
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Carolin Wolters
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Theo O. J. Gruendler
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Department of Economics, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine – Cognitive Neuroscience (INM3), Research Center Juelich, Juelich, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Joachim Klosterkötter
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Jens Kuhn
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Rotschafer SE, Razak KA. Auditory processing in fragile x syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:19. [PMID: 24550778 PMCID: PMC3912505 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is an inherited form of intellectual disability and autism. Among other symptoms, FXS patients demonstrate abnormalities in sensory processing and communication. Clinical, behavioral, and electrophysiological studies consistently show auditory hypersensitivity in humans with FXS. Consistent with observations in humans, the Fmr1 KO mouse model of FXS also shows evidence of altered auditory processing and communication deficiencies. A well-known and commonly used phenotype in pre-clinical studies of FXS is audiogenic seizures. In addition, increased acoustic startle response is seen in the Fmr1 KO mice. In vivo electrophysiological recordings indicate hyper-excitable responses, broader frequency tuning, and abnormal spectrotemporal processing in primary auditory cortex of Fmr1 KO mice. Thus, auditory hyper-excitability is a robust, reliable, and translatable biomarker in Fmr1 KO mice. Abnormal auditory evoked responses have been used as outcome measures to test therapeutics in FXS patients. Given that similarly abnormal responses are present in Fmr1 KO mice suggests that cellular mechanisms can be addressed. Sensory cortical deficits are relatively more tractable from a mechanistic perspective than more complex social behaviors that are typically studied in autism and FXS. The focus of this review is to bring together clinical, functional, and structural studies in humans with electrophysiological and behavioral studies in mice to make the case that auditory hypersensitivity provides a unique opportunity to integrate molecular, cellular, circuit level studies with behavioral outcomes in the search for therapeutics for FXS and other autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Rotschafer
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Graduate Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, CA USA
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Robertson J. Children with cochlear implants and autism – challenges and outcomes: The experience of the National Cochlear Implant Programme, Ireland. Cochlear Implants Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/1467010013z.000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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