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Yang Y, Park G, Kim HB. Unveiling the Path: A Qualitative Study on the Initial Sexual Experiences of Cambodian Adolescents. J Transcult Nurs 2024:10436596241259199. [PMID: 38864286 DOI: 10.1177/10436596241259199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There still remains a significant gap in understanding the sexual and reproductive health challenges faced by adolescents, particularly in the context of early sexual activity, teenage pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This study seeks to fill this gap by exploring the initial sexual experiences of Cambodian adolescents, highlighting the complex interplay of cultural, social, and personal influences that shape their sexual health decisions and outcomes. METHODOLOGY A descriptive qualitative research design was used. Thirty Cambodian adolescents were interviewed from March to June 202 and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Participants met their sexual partners in school and through friendships and social networking sites. Their motivations for sexual activities ranged from intrinsic desires to influences of inebriation, love, and trust. Consent was crucial but some were influenced by partners. Awareness of sexual protection varied, affecting condom use and information-seeking behaviors. After initial encounters, participants grappled with complex emotions and physical changes. DISCUSSION The findings suggest the need for educational interventions that address substance use; promote safe behavior, consensual conduct, open communication, and mutual respect; and provide coping strategies.
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Sun W, Wu X, Yang H, Yuan S, Chen J, Fang Y, Zhang X. Identifying causal associations between women's reproductive traits and risk of schizophrenia: a multivariate validated two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:161. [PMID: 38395764 PMCID: PMC10893634 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant association between women's reproductive traits and the risk of schizophrenia (SCZ) has been discovered, but the causalities remain unclear. We designed a two-sample univariate Mendelian randomization (MR) study using female-specific SNPs collected from a large-scale genome-wide association study as a genetic tool to explore the causal effect of female reproductive traits on the risk of SCZ, and conducted a multivariate MR study to re-validate the above findings. METHODS From extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of people with European ancestry (n = 176,881 to 418,758 individuals), summary-level data on five female reproductive variables were extracted. Summary-level information on SCZ was taken from a GWAS meta-analysis involving 320,404 people with European ancestry. The inverse variance weighting estimations for both univariable MR (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) were presented as the primary results. MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode regression methods for UVMR, and MVMR-Egger, MVMR-Lasso, and MVMR-median methods for MVMR were used for sensitivity analyses. RESULTS The UVMR produced compelling proof for a connection between genetically predicted later age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) (OR, 0.632; 95% CI, 0.512-0.777; P < 0.01) and decreased SCZ risk. Pleiotropy analysis of the AFS-SCZ association confirmed the robustness of the MR results (P > 0.05). Consistent, substantial causal effects of AFS (OR, 0.592; 95%CI, 0.407-0.862; P < 0.01) on the risk of SCZ were demonstrated after adjusting for body mass index, years of schooling, and smoking initiation using MVMR. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide convincing evidence that early AFS is a risk factor for SCZ. SCZ risk may be decreased by raising awareness of reproductive healthcare for women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Sun
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Haidong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fourth People's Hospital of Lianyungang, The Affiliated KangDa College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang, 222003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiting Yuan
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Clinical Research Center & Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Department of Psychiatry & Affective Disorders Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province; Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215137, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Abdulla F, Hossain MM, Rahman A. Determinants of early sexual initiation among female adolescents in Bangladesh: evidence from a countrywide cross-sectional survey. Public Health 2023; 223:102-109. [PMID: 37633091 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early sexual initiation (ESI), defined as sexual activity that begins before 15 or 18 years of age, is one of the risky sexual behaviours that has been linked to increased likelihood of adverse consequences, such as sexually transmitted diseases, unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions. However, to date, there are no studies investigating the prevalence and factors influencing ESI among adolescent females (aged 10-19 years) in Bangladesh. Thus, this study aimed to identify the potential determinants of ESI among adolescent females in Bangladesh based on data that are representative of the country. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS Based on the availability of the data, the analysis included a weighted sample of 2051 adolescent females aged 15-19 years from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017/18. Initial selection of predictor variables was based on the bivariate analysis using the Chi-squared test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression modelling were performed to measure the crude and adjusted effect of the selected predictor variables on ESI using the odds ratio (OR). The elasticity of the effects was calculated by their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Approximately 22% and 85% of female adolescents experienced ESI before the age of 15 and 18 years, respectively. Findings revealed that illiteracy (adjusted OR [AOR]: 3.61, 95% CI: 1.82-7.18), primary education (AOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.60-2.69), working status (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 0.98-1.60), living in Chittagong (AOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27-0.79), living in Sylhet (AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08-0.56), reading newspapers (AOR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-1.01), earlier marriage preference (AOR: 3.30, 95% CI: 2.31-4.71) and later marriage preference (AOR: 4.10, 95% CI: 3.01-5.59) were significantly linked with ESI before the age of 15 years. ESI before the age of 18 years was significantly association with primary education (AOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.01-2.13), religion (AOR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32-0.94), female household head (AOR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.17-3.19), living in Rajshahi (AOR: 1.97, 95% CI: 0.95-4.08), being in the 'poorest' wealth category (AOR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.45-4.07), being in the 'poorer' wealth category (AOR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.06-2.72), being in the 'middle' wealth category (AOR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.12-2.77), being in the 'richer' wealth category (AOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.02-2.44), earlier marriage preference (AOR: 15.71, 95% CI: 9.09-27.14), later marriage preference (AOR: 12.62, 95% CI: 8.82-18.06) and heard about family planning (AOR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.47-1.04). CONCLUSIONS In Bangladesh, the prevalence of ESI among female adolescents is a public health concern. Due to the detrimental impact of ESI on the well-being of adolescents, it is crucial that policymakers consider the factors influencing ESI that have been identified in this study when designing health strategies. The findings from this study will help the development of evidence-based effective initiatives by policymakers in collaboration with governmental and non-governmental organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abdulla
- Cancer Care and Research Trust Bangladesh (CCRTB), Dhaka, 1204, Bangladesh.
| | - M M Hossain
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh; School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
| | - A Rahman
- School of Computing, Mathematics and Engineering, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
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Fentie EA, Kidie AA, Fetene SM, Shewarega ES. Socioeconomic inequality in early sexual initiation among female youths in sub-Saharan African countries: a decomposition analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1283. [PMID: 37403045 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youths are defined as individuals within the age group 15-24 years. It is the transitional stage from childhood to adulthood with biological, social, and psychological change, so it is a time of risk and opportunity for their future life. Early sexual initiation exposes young people to various social, economic, sexual, and reproductive health issues, such as unwanted adolescent pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, unsafe abortion, cervical cancer, and early marriages. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the presence of socioeconomic inequality in early sexual initiation and contributing factors in sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS A total of 118,932 weighted female youths from SSA countries' DHS data were included in the study. Socioeconomic inequality of Early sexual initiation was evaluated using the Erreygers znormalized concentration index and associated concentration curve. Decomposition analysis was performed to determine those factors causing socioeconomic-related inequality. RESULTS The weighted Erreygers normalized concentration index of wealth-related inequality of early sexual initiation was - 0.157 with a Standard error = 0.0046 (P value < 0.0001); this indicated that early sexual initiation was disproportionately concentrated among the poor (pro-poor). Moreover, the weighted Erreygers normalized concentration index (ECI) of educational status-related inequality of early sexual initiation was - 0.205 with a Standard error = 0.0043 (P value < 0.0001). This indicated that early sexual initiation was disproportionately concentrated among youths with no formal education. The decomposition analysis revealed that mass media exposure, wealth index, place of residency, religion, marital status, educational status, and age were significant contributors to the pro-poor socioeconomic inequalities in early sexual initiation. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This study has revealed pro-poor inequality in early sexual initiation. Therefore, priority must be given to modifiable factors such as promoting the accessibility of media exposure in the household, improving the educational opportunity of female youths, and improving their country's economy to a higher economic level to improve the wealth status of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Awoke Fentie
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Atitegeb Abera Kidie
- School of public health, college of health science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Samrawit Mihret Fetene
- Department of Health Systems and Policy, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ever Siyoum Shewarega
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Lu Z, Sun Y, Liao Y, Kang Z, Feng X, Zhao G, Sun J, Zhang Y, Yue W. Identifying causal associations between early sexual intercourse or number of sexual partners and major depressive disorders: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:121-129. [PMID: 37086791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early sexual intercourse and a greater number of sexual partners have been proved associated with depression. However, the causality of these associations is not clear. METHODS To unveil the causal associations between sexual factors and major depression disorder (MDD). The bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted, which used genetic variants associated with two sexual factors (age first had sexual intercourse, n = 406,457; lifetime number of sexual partners, n = 378,882) and MDD (n = 500,199) from the largest genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted by the UK biobank and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. The two-step MR analysis was applied to assess mediation. The Genetic predictors for five risky behaviors were also obtained from the most up-to-date GWAS conducted by the UK Biobank (ever self-harmed: 117,733; ever attempted suicide: 4933; psychoactive substance abuse, alcohol use, and tobacco use: 463,010). RESULTS MR analysis indicated a risky causal effect of age first had sexual intercourse (OR = 0.720, 95 % CI: 0.661-0.784, P = 2.45 × 10-14) and lifetime number of sexual partners (OR = 1.656, 95 % CI: 1.356-2.022, P = 7.46 × 10-7) on MDD. Mediation analysis showed the effects were mediated by tobacco use, with a proportion of 34.20 % on age first had sexual intercourse and 22.94 % on lifetime number of sexual partners separately. LIMITATIONS The overlap of participants in different traits and unclear gender. CONCLUSIONS Robust genetic evidence indicated that premature sexual intercourse and more sexual partners were risks for MDD. Risky behaviors, especially the tobacco use, mediated this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yundan Liao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhewei Kang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guorui Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyuan Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuyanan Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing 100191, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
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Baiden P, Panisch LS, Kim YJ, LaBrenz CA, Kim Y, Onyeaka HK. Association between First Sexual Intercourse and Sexual Violence Victimization, Symptoms of Depression, and Suicidal Behaviors among Adolescents in the United States: Findings from 2017 and 2019 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18157922. [PMID: 34360215 PMCID: PMC8345499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between first sexual intercourse and sexual violence victimization, symptoms of depression, and suicidal ideation among sexually active adolescents in the United States. Data for this study came from the U.S. 2017 and 2019 iterations of the National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. An analytic sample of 6252 adolescents aged 14–18 years old (49.5% female) who reported ever having sexual intercourse was analyzed using Poisson regression. The outcome variables investigated in this study were sexual violence victimization, symptoms of depression, suicidal ideation, a suicide plan, and suicide attempts, and the main explanatory variables were age at first sexual intercourse and forced sexual intercourse. We also analyzed differences by gender and race. Of the 6252 adolescents who reported ever having sexual intercourse, 7.1% had their first sexual intercourse before age 13, and 14.8% experienced forced sexual intercourse. About 16% of adolescents experienced sexual violence during the past year, 42.6% reported symptoms of depression, 23.9% experienced suicidal ideation, 19.3% made a suicide plan, and 11.1% attempted suicide during the past year. In the regression analysis, early sexual intercourse was significantly and positively associated with suicidal ideation (relative risk (RR) = 1.15, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02–1.30), suicide plan (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00–1.38), and suicide attempts (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15–1.61). Controlling for the effects of covariates, history of forced sexual intercourse was positively associated with the five outcomes examined with the relative risk ranging between 1.59 and 6.01. Findings of this study suggest that history of early or forced sexual intercourse is associated with poor mental health outcomes among adolescents and underscores the importance of developing interventions that offer psychological support in reducing the adverse impact of early sexual intercourse and forced sexual intercourse on adolescent health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa S. Panisch
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA;
| | - Yi Jin Kim
- Department of Social Work, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Catherine A. LaBrenz
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - Yeonwoo Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA;
| | - Henry K. Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Arefaynie M, Yalew M, Damtie Y, Kefale B. Determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:205. [PMID: 32928211 PMCID: PMC7491074 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidences on determinants of early sexual initiation among female youth is still limited especially; community-level factors are not investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess individual and community-level factors associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Methods The 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset were used and a total of 6143 participants (female youth) were included. Multi-level mixed-effect logistic regression was done to identify individual and community-level factors. Adjusted odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was used to show the strength and direction of the association. Finally, the level of statistical significance was declared at P value less than 0.05. Results Individual-level factors significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth were; age group from 19 to 24 years [AOR = 5.8, 95% CI = (4.6, 7.3)], not attending school [AOR = 14.1, 95% CI = (8.1, 24.7)], ever chewing Chat [AOR = 2.0, 95% CI = (1.3, 3.0)]. From community-level factors: living in Addis Ababa [AOR = 0.3, 95% CI = (0.2, 0.5)], living in Gambella [AOR = 2.7, 95% CI = (1.7, 4.3)] and live in a low proportion of poor communities [AOR = 0.7, 95% CI = (0.5, 0.9)] were significantly associated with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Conclusions Age, low educational status, ever chewing Chat, region and live in a high proportion of poor community had a statistical association with early sexual initiation among female youth in Ethiopia. Improving educational coverage and community-level of wealth status are important intervention areas to delay the age of early sexual initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mastewal Arefaynie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia.
| | - Melaku Yalew
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Yitayish Damtie
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Bereket Kefale
- Department of Reproductive and Family Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, PO Box: 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
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