1
|
Zhai X, Wu K, Ji R, Zhao Y, Lu J, Yu Z, Xu X, Huang J. Structure and Function Insight of the α-Glucosidase QsGH13 From Qipengyuania seohaensis sp. SW-135. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:849585. [PMID: 35308395 PMCID: PMC8928221 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.849585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-glucosidases play indispensable roles in the metabolic mechanism of organism, prevention, and treatment of the disease, and sugar hydrolysis, and are widely used in chemical synthesis, clinical diagnosis, and other fields. However, improving their catalytic efficiency and production to meet commercial demand remains a huge challenge. Here we detected a novel GH13 family α-glucosidase, QsGH13, from the deep-sea bacterium Qipengyuania seohaensis sp. SW-135. QsGH13 is highly substrate specific and only hydrolyzes sugars containing alpha-1,4 glucoside bonds. For example, its enzymatic activity for p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside was 25.41 U/mg, and the Km value was 0.2952 ± 0.0322 mM. The biochemical results showed that the optimum temperature of QsGH13 is 45°C, the optimum pH is 10.0, and it has excellent biological characteristics such as alkali resistance and salt resistance. The crystal structure of QsGH13 was resolved with a resolution of 2.2 Å, where QsGH13 is composed of a typical TIM barrel catalytic domain A, a loop-rich domain B, and a conserved domain C. QsGH13 crystal belonged to the monoclinic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 58.816 Å, b = 129.920 Å, c = 161.307 Å, α = γ = β = 90°, which contains two monomers per asymmetric unit. The β → α loop 4 of QsGH13 was located above catalytic pocket. Typical catalytic triad residues Glu202, Asp266, and Glu329 were found in QsGH13. The biochemical properties and structural analysis of QsGH13 have greatly improved our understanding of the catalytic mechanism of GH13 family. This study provides new ideas to broaden the application of α-glucosidase in alcohol fermentation, glycolysis, and other industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zhai
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaijuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Department of Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Microbiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuewei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qi X, Shao J, Cheng Y, He X, Li Y, Jia H, Yan M. Biocatalytic synthesis of 2-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid using an extracellular expressed α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100199. [PMID: 34392609 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is an important derivative of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), which has the distinct advantages of non-reducibility, antioxidation, and reproducible decomposition into L-AA and glucose. Enzymatic synthesis is a preferred method for AA-2G production over alternative chemical synthesis owing to the regioselective glycosylation reaction. α-Glucosidase, an enzyme classed into O-glycoside hydrolases, might be used in glycosylation reactions to synthesize AA-2G. MAIN METHODS AND MAJOR RESULTS Here, an α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa was heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris GS115 and used for biosynthesis of AA-2G with few intermediates and byproducts. The extracellular recombinant α-glucosidase (rAGL) reached 9.11 U mL-1 after fed-batch cultivation for 102 h in a 5 L fermenter. The specific activity of purified rAGL is 49.83 U mg-1 at 37°C and pH 4.0. The optimal temperature of rAGL was 65°C, and it was stable below 55°C. rAGL was active over the range of pH 3.0-7.0, with the maximal activity at pH 4.0. Under the condition of 37°C, pH 4.0, equimolar maltose and ascorbic acid sodium salt, 8.7 ± 0.4 g L-1 of AA-2G was synthesized by rAGL. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The production of rAGL in P. pastoris was proved to be beneficial in providing enough enzyme and promoting biocatalytic synthesis of AA-2G. These studies lay the basis for the industrial application of α-glucosidase. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT LAY SUMMARY 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G) is an important industrial derivative of L-ascorbic acid (L-AA), which has the distinct advantages of non-reducibility, antioxidation, and reproducible decomposition into L-AA and glucose. In this study, the authors characterized an α-glucosidase from Oryza sativa, which was recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris GS115, and its potential for AA-2G production via transglycosylation of L-AA was investigated. These studies lay the basis for the industrial application of recombinant α-glucosidase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Qi
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlan Shao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinchu Cheng
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying He
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Jia
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rani H, Bhardwaj RD. Quality attributes for barley malt: "The backbone of beer". J Food Sci 2021; 86:3322-3340. [PMID: 34287897 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Malting is the process of preparing barley for brewing through partial germination followed by drying. This process softens the grain cell wall and stimulates the production of diastatic enzymes, which convert starch into malt extract. The suitability of a barley grain for malt production depends upon a large number of quality parameters that are crucial for the identification and release of high-quality malt varieties. Maintaining tight control of these quality attributes is essential to ensure high processing efficiency and final product quality in brewery and malt house. Therefore, we have summarized the basic malting process and various physiological and biochemical quality parameters that are desirable for better malt quality. This study may provide an understanding of the process, problems faced, and opportunities to maltsters and researchers to improve the malt efficiency by altering the malting process or malt varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Rachana D Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duman-Özdamar ZE, Binay B. Production of Industrial Enzymes via Pichia pastoris as a Cell Factory in Bioreactor: Current Status and Future Aspects. Protein J 2021; 40:367-376. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-021-09968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
5
|
Rugen MD, Rejzek M, Naested H, Svensson B, Field RA. High-Throughput In Vitro Screening for Inhibitors of Cereal α-Glucosidase. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1795:101-115. [PMID: 29846922 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7874-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of starch is a key step in plant germination, which also has relevance in the malting and brewing processes for beer and spirit production. Gaps in knowledge about this metabolic process exist that cannot easily be addressed using traditional genetic techniques, due to functional redundancy in many of the enzyme activities required for alpha-glucan metabolism in cereal crop species. Chemical inhibitors provide opportunities to probe the role of carbohydrate-active enzymes and the phenotypes associated with inhibition of specific enzymes. Iminosugars are the largest group of carbohydrate-active enzyme inhibitors and represent an underused resource for the dissection of plant carbohydrate metabolism. Herein we report a method for carrying out a reverse chemical genetic screen on α-glucosidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in starch degradation during plant germination, namely the hydrolysis of maltose to release glucose. This chapter outlines the use of a high-throughput screen of small molecules for inhibition of α-glucosidase using a colorimetric assay which involves the substrate p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside. Identified inhibitors can be further utilized in phenotypic screens to probe the roles played by amylolytic enzymes. Furthermore this 96-well plate-based method can be adapted to assay exo-glycosidase activities involved in other aspects of carbohydrate metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Rugen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Martin Rejzek
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Henrik Naested
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Birte Svensson
- Enzyme and Protein Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Maltase Involved in Starch Metabolism in Barley Endosperm Is Encoded by a Single Gene. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151642. [PMID: 27011041 PMCID: PMC4807107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During germination and early seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare), maltase is responsible for the conversion of maltose produced by starch degradation in the endosperm to glucose for seedling growth. Despite the potential relevance of this enzyme for malting and the production of alcoholic beverages, neither the nature nor the role of maltase is fully understood. Although only one gene encoding maltase has been identified with certainty, there is evidence for the existence of other genes and for multiple forms of the enzyme. It has been proposed that maltase may be involved directly in starch granule degradation as well as in maltose hydrolysis. The aim of our work was to discover the nature of maltase in barley endosperm. We used ion exchange chromatography to fractionate maltase activity from endosperm of young seedlings, and we partially purified activity for protein identification. We compared maltase activity in wild-type barley and transgenic lines with reduced expression of the previously-characterised maltase gene Agl97, and we used genomic and transcriptomic information to search for further maltase genes. We show that all of the maltase activity in the barley endosperm can be accounted for by a single gene, Agl97. Multiple forms of the enzyme most likely arise from proteolysis and other post-translational modifications.
Collapse
|
7
|
Khattak WA, Khan T, Ha JH, Ul-Islam M, Kang MK, Park JK. Enhanced production of bioethanol from waste of beer fermentation broth at high temperature through consecutive batch strategy by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:322-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
8
|
Tagami T, Okuyama M, Nakai H, Kim YM, Mori H, Taguchi K, Svensson B, Kimura A. Key aromatic residues at subsites +2 and +3 of glycoside hydrolase family 31 α-glucosidase contribute to recognition of long-chain substrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:329-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
9
|
Expression, purification, and characterization of human intestinal maltase secreted from Pichia pastoris. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
10
|
Finnie C, Andersen B, Shahpiri A, Svensson B. Proteomes of the barley aleurone layer: A model system for plant signalling and protein secretion. Proteomics 2011; 11:1595-605. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
11
|
Stanley D, Rejzek M, Naested H, Smedley M, Otero S, Fahy B, Thorpe F, Nash RJ, Harwood W, Svensson B, Denyer K, Field RA, Smith AM. The role of alpha-glucosidase in germinating barley grains. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:932-43. [PMID: 21098673 PMCID: PMC3032477 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.168328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The importance of α-glucosidase in the endosperm starch metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings is poorly understood. The enzyme converts maltose to glucose (Glc), but in vitro studies indicate that it can also attack starch granules. To discover its role in vivo, we took complementary chemical-genetic and reverse-genetic approaches. We identified iminosugar inhibitors of a recombinant form of an α-glucosidase previously discovered in barley endosperm (ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE97 [HvAGL97]), and applied four of them to germinating grains. All four decreased the Glc-to-maltose ratio in the endosperm 10 d after imbibition, implying inhibition of maltase activity. Three of the four inhibitors also reduced starch degradation and seedling growth, but the fourth did not affect these parameters. Inhibition of starch degradation was apparently not due to inhibition of amylases. Inhibition of seedling growth was primarily a direct effect of the inhibitors on roots and coleoptiles rather than an indirect effect of the inhibition of endosperm metabolism. It may reflect inhibition of glycoprotein-processing glucosidases in these organs. In transgenic seedlings carrying an RNA interference silencing cassette for HvAgl97, α-glucosidase activity was reduced by up to 50%. There was a large decrease in the Glc-to-maltose ratio in these lines but no effect on starch degradation or seedling growth. Our results suggest that the α-glucosidase HvAGL97 is the major endosperm enzyme catalyzing the conversion of maltose to Glc but is not required for starch degradation. However, the effects of three glucosidase inhibitors on starch degradation in the endosperm indicate the existence of unidentified glucosidase(s) required for this process.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu KY, Huang SH, Ding S, Zhang YK, Chen GG, Liang ZQ. Expression, purification and characterization of recombinant α-glucosidase in Pichia pastoris. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 55:582-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-010-0093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Chen JH, Zhang XG, Jiang YT, Yan LY, Tang L, Yin YW, Cheng DS, Chen J, Wang M. Bioactivity and pharmacokinetics of two human serum albumin-thymosin alpha1-fusion proteins, rHSA-Talpha1 and rHSA-L-Talpha1, expressed in recombinant Pichia pastoris. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2010; 59:1335-45. [PMID: 20473755 PMCID: PMC11030058 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-010-0862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin-alpha1 (Talpha1) is indicated for the treatment of certain viral infections, including hepatitis B and C, and cancers, such as melanoma. In this paper, the fusion genes encoding human serum albumin (HSA) and Talpha1 with (rHSA-L-Talpha1) and without a linker peptide (rHSA-Talpha1) were constructed and overexpressed in P. pastoris. Through the process of ion interaction chromatography (Q-Sepharose F.F), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (Phenyl Sepharose HP) and affinity chromatography (Blue Sepharose F.F), the purity of fusion proteins was greater than 97%. In contrast to the reactivity of normal spleen cells to Con A, the data of in vitro murine spleen lymphocytes proliferation experiment suggested that spleen cells achieved a higher degree of T cell maturation after rHSA-L-Talpha1, rHSA-Talpha1 and Talpha1 treatments, respectively. Moreover, rHSA-L-Talpha1, rHSA-Talpha1 and Talpha1 can also antagonize dexamethasone-induced apoptosis of thymocyte sub-populations. In hydrocortisone-induced immunosuppression mice (in vivo experiments), after subcutaneous injections with two fusion proteins and Talpha1 for seven consecutive days, the net increment of body weight, the spleen index and the thymus index were significantly improved. Simultaneously, the increase in SOD level and the decrease in MDA level in plasma were observed. The pharmacokinetic data of rHSA-L-Talpha1 and rHSA-Talpha1 administered in rats showed an improved pharmacokinetic profile with a conspicuous prolonged half life. The analysis of bioactivity and pharmacokinetics suggested that fusion proteins rHSA-L-Talpha1 and rHSA-Talpha1 were new drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hua Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Carvalho AFA, Boscolo M, da Silva R, Ferreira H, Gomes E. Purification and characterization of the α-glucosidase produced by thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus CBMAI 756. J Microbiol 2010; 48:452-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-010-9319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
15
|
Vester-Christensen MB, Hachem MA, Naested H, Svensson B. Secretory expression of functional barley limit dextrinase by Pichia pastoris using high cell-density fermentation. Protein Expr Purif 2010; 69:112-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
16
|
Nielsen MM, Seo ES, Dilokpimol A, Andersen J, Abou Hachem M, Naested H, Willemoës M, Bozonnet S, Kandra L, Gyémánt G, Haser R, Aghajari N, Svensson B. Roles of multiple surface sites, long substrate binding clefts, and carbohydrate binding modules in the action of amylolytic enzymes on polysaccharide substrates. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701789528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|