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Zeng Z, Chen L, Luo H, Xiao H, Gao S, Zeng Y. Progress on H2B as a multifunctional protein related to pathogens. Life Sci 2024; 347:122654. [PMID: 38657835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Histone H2B is a member of the core histones, which together with other histones form the nucleosome, the basic structural unit of chromosomes. As scientists delve deeper into histones, researchers gradually realize that histone H2B is not only an important part of nucleosomes, but also plays a momentous role in regulating gene transcription, acting as a receptor and antimicrobial action outside the nucleus. There are a variety of epigenetically modified sites in the H2B tail rich in arginine and lysine, which can occur in ubiquitination, phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, etc. When stimulated by foreign factors such as bacteria, viruses or parasites, histone H2B can act as a receptor for the recognition of these pathogens, and induce an intrinsic immune response to enhance host defense. In addition, the extrachromosomal histone H2B is also an important anti-microorganism agent, which may be the key to the development of antibiotics in the future. This review aims to summarize the interaction between histone H2B and etiological agents and explore the role of H2B in epigenetic modifications, receptors and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Haodang Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China; The Laboratory Department, The affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
| | - Hua Xiao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Siqi Gao
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Basic Medicine School, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hengyang City, Hunan Province 421001, PR China.
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Kim J, Kim J, Yun H, Ganbaatar B, Tahmasebi A, Seo SI, Kim PI, Lee CW. New strain Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5 produces both brevicidine and brevibacillin, exhibiting distinct antibacterial modes of action against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294474. [PMID: 38558002 PMCID: PMC10984550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has made it imperative to search for new antimicrobial compounds derived from natural products. In the present study, Brevibacillus laterosporus TSA31-5, isolated from red clay soil, was chosen as the subject for conducting additional antibacterial investigations. The fractions exhibiting the highest antibacterial activity (30% acetonitrile eluent from solid phase extraction) were purified through RP-HPLC. Notably, two compounds (A and B) displayed the most potent antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. ESI-MS/MS spectroscopy and NMR analysis confirmed that compound A corresponds to brevicidine and compound B to brevibacillin. Particularly, brevicidine displayed notable antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) range of 1-8 μg/mL. On the other hand, brevibacillin exhibited robust antimicrobial effectiveness against both Gram-positive bacterial strains (MIC range of 2-4 μg/mL) and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC range of 4-64 μg/mL). Scanning electron microscopy analysis and fluorescence assays uncovered distinctive morphological alterations in bacterial cell membranes induced by brevicidine and brevibacillin. These observations imply distinct mechanisms of antibacterial activity exhibited by the peptides. Brevicidine exhibited no hemolysis or cytotoxicity up to 512 μg/mL, comparable to the negative control. This suggests its promising therapeutic potential in treating infectious diseases. Conversely, brevibacillin demonstrated elevated cytotoxicity in in vitro assays. Nonetheless, owing to its noteworthy antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria, brevibacillin could still be explored as a promising antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center, DAESANG InnoPark, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosuk Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Aminallah Tahmasebi
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agriculture, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sun Il Seo
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganism, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyoung Il Kim
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganism, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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3
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Richards CM, McRae SA, Ranger AL, Klegeris A. Extracellular histones as damage-associated molecular patterns in neuroinflammatory responses. Rev Neurosci 2023; 34:533-558. [PMID: 36368030 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The four core histones H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and the linker histone H1 primarily bind DNA and regulate gene expression within the nucleus. Evidence collected mainly from the peripheral tissues illustrates that histones can be released into the extracellular space by activated or damaged cells. In this article, we first summarize the innate immune-modulatory properties of extracellular histones and histone-containing complexes, such as nucleosomes, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), described in peripheral tissues. There, histones act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are a class of endogenous molecules that trigger immune responses by interacting directly with the cellular membranes and activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, 4, 9 and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE). We then focus on the available evidence implicating extracellular histones as DAMPs of the central nervous system (CNS). It is becoming evident that histones are present in the brain parenchyma after crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or being released by several types of brain cells, including neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. However, studies on the DAMP-like effects of histones on CNS cells are limited. For example, TLR4 is the only known molecular target of CNS extracellular histones and their interactions with other PRRs expressed by brain cells have not been observed. Nevertheless, extracellular histones are implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurological disorders characterized by sterile neuroinflammation; therefore, detailed studies on the role these proteins and their complexes play in these pathologies could identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy M Richards
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Seamus A McRae
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Athena L Ranger
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, BC, Canada
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4
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Colicchia M, Perrella G, Gant P, Rayes J. Novel mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation during infection: spotlight on neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated platelet activation. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2023; 7:100116. [PMID: 37063765 PMCID: PMC10099327 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A state-of-the-art lecture titled "novel mechanisms of thrombo-inflammation during infection" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2022. Platelet, neutrophil, and endothelial cell activation coordinate the development, progression, and resolution of thrombo-inflammatory events during infection. Activated platelets and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are frequently observed in patients with sepsis and COVID-19, and high levels of NET-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) correlate with thrombotic complications. NET-associated DAMPs induce direct and indirect platelet activation, which in return potentiates neutrophil activation and NET formation. These coordinated interactions involve multiple receptors and signaling pathways contributing to vascular and organ damage exacerbating disease severity. This state-of-the-art review describes the main mechanisms by which platelets support NETosis and the key mechanisms by which NET-derived DAMPs trigger platelet activation and the formation of procoagulant platelets leading to thrombosis. We report how these DAMPs act through multiple receptors and signaling pathways differentially regulating cell activation and disease outcome, focusing on histones and S100A8/A9 and their contribution to the pathogenesis of sepsis and COVID-19. We further discuss the complexity of platelet activation during NETosis and the potential benefit of targeting selective or multiple NET-associated DAMPs to limit thrombo-inflammation during infection. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented during the 2022 ISTH Congress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Colicchia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Gina Perrella
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Poppy Gant
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, U.K
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Sathyan N, Muhammed Musthafa S, Anju MV, Archana K, Athira PP, Prathap N, Chaithanya ER, Priyaja P, Bright Singh IS, Philip R. Functional characterization of a histone H2A derived antimicrobial peptide HARRIOTTIN-1 from sicklefin chimaera, Neoharriotta pinnata. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104554. [PMID: 36185036 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are gene encoded short peptides which play an important role in the innate immunity of almost all living organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals. Histones play a very important role in defense as precursors to bioactive peptides. The present study is an attempt to decipher the antimicrobial activity of a histone H2A derived peptide, Harriottin-1 from sicklefin chimaera, Neoharriotta pinnata. Analysis in silico predicted the molecule with potent antibacterial and anticancer property. The Harriottin-1 was recombinantly produced and the recombinant peptide rHar-1 demonstrated potent antibacterial activity at 25 μM besides anticancer activity. The study strongly suggests the importance of histone H2A derived peptides as a model for the design and synthesis of potent peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sathyan
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - S Muhammed Musthafa
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - M V Anju
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - K Archana
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - P P Athira
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Namitha Prathap
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - E R Chaithanya
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - P Priyaja
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi 16, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.
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Stanovova MV, Gazizova GR, Gorbushin AM. Transcriptomic profiling of immune-associated molecules in the coelomocytes of lugworm Arenicola marina (Linnaeus, 1758). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2023; 340:34-55. [PMID: 35438249 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organization and functioning of immune system remain unevenly studied in different taxa of lophotrochozoan animals. We analyzed transcriptomic data on coelomocytes of the lugworm Arenicola marina (Linnaeus, 1758; Annelida, Polychaeta) to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in polychaete immunity. Coelomocytes are specialized motile cells populating coelomic fluid of annelids, responsible for cellular defense reactions and providing humoral immune factors. The transcriptome was enriched with immune-related transcripts by challenging the cells in vitro with lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Zymosan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our analysis revealed a multifaceted and complex internal defense system of the lugworm. A. marina possesses orthologs of proto-complement-like factors: six thioester-containing proteins, a complement-like receptor, and a MASP-related serine protease (MReM2). A. marina coelomocytes employ pattern-recognition receptors to detect pathogens and regulate immune responses. Among them, there are 18 Toll-like receptors and various putative lectin-like proteins with evolutionary conserved and taxa-specific domains. C-type lectins and a novel family of Gal-binding and CUB domains containing receptors were the most abundant in the transcriptome. The array of pore-forming proteins in the coelomocytes was surprisingly reduced compared to that of other invertebrate species. We characterized a set of conserved proteins metabolizing reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and expanded the arsenal of potential antimicrobial peptides. Phenoloxidase activity in immune cells of lugworm is mediated only by laccase enzyme. The described repertoire of immune-associated molecules provides valuable candidates for further functional and comparative research on the immunity of annelids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Stanovova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guzel R Gazizova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander M Gorbushin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry (IEPhB RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
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Li X, Ye Y, Peng K, Zeng Z, Chen L, Zeng Y. Histones: The critical players in innate immunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030610. [PMID: 36479112 PMCID: PMC9720293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved histones in different species seem to represent a very ancient and universal innate host defense system against microorganisms in the biological world. Histones are the essential part of nuclear matter and act as a control switch for DNA transcription. However, histones are also found in the cytoplasm, cell membranes, and extracellular fluid, where they function as host defenses and promote inflammatory responses. In some cases, extracellular histones can act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and bind to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), thereby triggering innate immune responses and causing initial organ damage. Histones and their fragments serve as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to directly eliminate bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Histones are also involved in phagocytes-related innate immune response as components of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophil activators, and plasminogen receptors. In addition, as a considerable part of epigenetic regulation, histone modifications play a vital role in regulating the innate immune response and expression of corresponding defense genes. Here, we review the regulatory role of histones in innate immune response, which provides a new strategy for the development of antibiotics and the use of histones as therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases, sepsis, autoimmune diseases, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Youyuan Ye
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Kailan Peng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhua Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Yanhua Zeng, ;
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Excretory-secretory products from the brown stomach worm, Teladorsagia circumcincta, exert antimicrobial activity in in vitro growth assays. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:354. [PMID: 36184586 PMCID: PMC9528173 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, evidence has emerged of the ability of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth parasites to alter the composition of the host gut microbiome; however, the mechanism(s) underpinning such interactions remain unclear. In the current study, we (i) undertake proteomic analyses of the excretory-secretory products (ESPs), including secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), of the 'brown stomach worm' Teladorsagia circumcincta, one of the major agents causing parasite gastroenteritis in temperate areas worldwide; (ii) conduct bioinformatic analyses to identify and characterise antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with putative antimicrobial activity; and (iii) assess the bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic properties of T. circumcincta EVs, and whole and EV-depleted ESPs, using bacterial growth inhibition assays. METHODS Size-exclusion chromatography was applied to the isolation of EVs from whole T. circumcincta ESPs, followed by EV characterisation via nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Proteomic analysis of EVs and EV-depleted ESPs was conducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and prediction of putative AMPs was performed using available online tools. The antimicrobial activities of T. circumcincta EVs and of whole and EV-depleted ESPs against Escherichia coli were evaluated using bacterial growth inhibition assays. RESULTS Several molecules with putative antimicrobial activity were identified in both EVs and EV-depleted ESPs from adult T. circumcincta. Whilst exposure of E. coli to whole ESPs resulted in a significant reduction of colony-forming units over 3 h, bacterial growth was not reduced following exposure to worm EVs or EV-depleted ESPs. CONCLUSIONS Our data points towards a bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic function of T. circumcincta ESPs, likely mediated by molecules with antimicrobial activity.
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Tanaka Y, Yamanaka N, Koyano I, Hasunuma I, Kobayashi T, Kikuyama S, Iwamuro S. Dual Roles of Extracellular Histone H3 in Host Defense: Its Differential Regions Responsible for Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Properties and Their Modes of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091240. [PMID: 36140018 PMCID: PMC9495139 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular histones play a dual role—antimicrobial and cytotoxic—in host defense. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of histone H3 and identified the responsible molecular regions for these properties. Broth microdilution assays indicated that histone H3 exhibits growth inhibitory activity against not only Gram-negative and -positive bacteria but also fungi. Observations under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that histone H3 induced morphological abnormalities on the cell surface of a wide range of reference pathogens. MTT assays and SEM observations indicated that histone H3 has strong cytotoxic and cell lytic effects on mammalian normal, immortal, and tumor cell lines. Assays using synthetic peptides corresponding to fragments 1–34 (H3DP1), 35–68 (H3DP2), 69–102 (H3DP3), and 103–135 (H3DP4) of histone H3 molecule demonstrated that its antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity are elicited by the H3DP2 and H3DP3 protein regions, respectively. Enzyme-linked endotoxin binding assays indicated that histones H3 and H3DP1, H3DP2, and H3DP4, but not H3DP3, exhibited high affinities toward lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid. Our findings are expected to contribute to the development of new histone H3-based peptide antibiotics that are not cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tanaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Nanako Yamanaka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Izumi Koyano
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hasunuma
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kobayashi
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Sakae Kikuyama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shawichi Iwamuro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-472-5206
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Zouhir A, Semmar N. Structure-activity trend analysis between amino-acids and minimal inhibitory concentration of antimicrobial peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:438-455. [PMID: 34965022 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide large structural libraries of molecules with high variability of constitutional amino-acids (AAs). Highlighting structural organization and structure-activity trends in such molecular systems provide key information on structural associations and functional conditions that could usefully help for drug design. This work presents link analyses between minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and different types of constitutional AAs of anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa AMPs. This scope was based on a dataset of 328 published molecules. Regulation levels of AAs in AMPs were statistically ordinated by correspondence analysis helping for classification of the 328 AMPs into nine structurally homogeneous peptide clusters (PCs 1-9) characterized by high/low relative occurrences of different AAs. Within each PC, negative trends between MIC and AAs were highlighted by iterated multiple linear regression models built by bootstrap processes (bagging). MIC-decrease was linked to different AAs that varied with PCs: alcohol type AAs (Thr, Ser) in Cys-rich and low Arg PCs (PCs 1-3); basic AAs (Lys, Arg) in Pro-rich and low Val PCs (PCs 4-8); Trp (heterocyclic AA) in Arg-rich PCs (PCs 6, 7, 9). Aliphatic AAs (more particularly Gly) showed MIC-reduction effects in different PCs essentially under interactive forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmajid Zouhir
- University of Tunis El Manar, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Biologiques Appliquées de Tunis
| | - Nabil Semmar
- University of Tunis El Manar, Laboratory of BioInformatics, bioMathematics and bioStatistics (BIMS), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
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Zharkova MS, Golubeva OY, Orlov DS, Vladimirova EV, Dmitriev AV, Tossi A, Shamova OV. Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized With Antimicrobial Polypeptides: Benefits and Possible Pitfalls of a Novel Anti-infective Tool. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:750556. [PMID: 34975782 PMCID: PMC8719061 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.750556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and antimicrobial peptides or proteins (AMPs/APs) are both considered as promising platforms for the development of novel therapeutic agents effective against the growing number of drug-resistant pathogens. The observed synergy of their antibacterial activity suggested the prospect of introducing antimicrobial peptides or small antimicrobial proteins into the gelatinized coating of AgNPs. Conjugates with protegrin-1, indolicidin, protamine, histones, and lysozyme were comparatively tested for their antibacterial properties and compared with unconjugated nanoparticles and antimicrobial polypeptides alone. Their toxic effects were similarly tested against both normal eukaryotic cells (human erythrocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, neutrophils, and dermal fibroblasts) and tumor cells (human erythromyeloid leukemia K562 and human histiocytic lymphoma U937 cell lines). The AMPs/APs retained their ability to enhance the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant strains, when conjugated to the AgNP surface. The small, membranolytic protegrin-1 was the most efficient, suggesting that a short, rigid structure is not a limiting factor despite the constraints imposed by binding to the nanoparticle. Some of the conjugated AMPs/APs clearly affected the ability of nanoparticle to permeabilize the outer membrane of Escherichia coli, but none of the conjugated AgNPs acquired the capacity to permeabilize its cytoplasmic membrane, regardless of the membranolytic potency of the bound polypeptide. Low hemolytic activity was also found for all AgNP-AMP/AP conjugates, regardless of the hemolytic activity of the free polypeptides, making conjugation a promising strategy not only to enhance their antimicrobial potential but also to effectively reduce the toxicity of membranolytic AMPs. The observation that metabolic processes and O2 consumption in bacteria were efficiently inhibited by all forms of AgNPs is the most likely explanation for their rapid and bactericidal action. AMP-dependent properties in the activity pattern of various conjugates toward eukaryotic cells suggest that immunomodulatory, wound-healing, and other effects of the polypeptides are at least partially transferred to the nanoparticles, so that functionalization of AgNPs may have effects beyond just modulation of direct antibacterial activity. In addition, some conjugated nanoparticles are selectively toxic to tumor cells. However, caution is required as not all modulatory effects are necessarily beneficial to normal host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Zharkova
- World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Yu. Golubeva
- Laboratory of the Nanostructures Research, Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy S. Orlov
- World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V. Vladimirova
- World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Dmitriev
- World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Olga V. Shamova
- World-Class Research Center “Center for Personalized Medicine”, FSBSI Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Can serum histone H4 levels predict mucosal healing in Crohn's disease? GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2021; 16:127-131. [PMID: 34276839 PMCID: PMC8275961 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2021.106663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Mucosal healing (MH) has been a treatment target with the introduction of biological agents in Crohn’s disease (CD). Histone H4 increases in chronic inflammation. Aim Our goal was to investigate the role of serum histone H4 in predicting MH. Material and methods The study included 44 patients who applied to the endoscopy unit for ileocolonoscopic evaluation with the diagnosis of ileocecal CD and 26 healthy controls. After ileocolonoscopic evaluation, we divided the patients into 2 groups: those with and those without MH, according to the presence of endoscopic ulcer or erosion findings. Blood samples were taken from these patients to analyse serum histone H4 before the endoscopic procedure. We first compared serum histone H4 levels between CD patients and the healthy control group and then between those with and those without MH among the CD patients. Finally, we compared CRP, ESR, and serum histone H4 levels in patients with CD according to the presence of MH and symptoms. Results Serum histone H4 levels were significantly higher in ileocolonic CD patients compared to the healthy control group (p = 0.002). Also, serum histone H4 levels were significantly higher in CD patients with no MH (p = 0.028) or symptomatic patients (p = 0.033). We did not find a significant difference in C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels between CD patients in the presence of MH (p = 0.281 and p = 0.203, respectively) or symptoms (0.779 and 0.652, respectively). Conclusions Serum histone H4 might be a useful biomarker for MH prediction in ileocolonoscopic CD patients. Validation is needed for large numbers of patients.
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Moiana M, Aranda F, de Larrañaga G. A focus on the roles of histones in health and diseases. Clin Biochem 2021; 94:12-19. [PMID: 33895124 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Over time, the knowledge on the role of histones has significantly changed. Initially, histones were only known as DNA packaging proteins but later, it was discovered that they act extracellularly as powerful antimicrobial agents and also as potentially self-detrimental agents. Indeed, histones were found to be the most abundant proteins within neutrophil extracellular traps what ultimately highlighted their microbicidal function. In addition, extracellular histones proved to be involved in triggering exacerbated inflammatory and coagulation responses, depending on the cell type affected. Consequently, several investigations were conducted towards studying the potential of histones and their derivatives as either biomarkers or therapeutic target candidates in different diseases in which inflammation and thrombosis have a key pathophysiological role, such as sepsis, thrombosis and different types of cancer. The main objective of this review is to summarize and discuss the current state of the art with regard to both beneficial and harmful roles of histones and also their possible use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Moiana
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Hospital of Infectious Diseases "F. J. Muñiz", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Aranda
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Hospital of Infectious Diseases "F. J. Muñiz", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela de Larrañaga
- Hemostasis and Thrombosis Laboratory, Hospital of Infectious Diseases "F. J. Muñiz", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Mazzoleni V, Zimmermann K, Smirnova A, Tarassov I, Prévost G. Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine Leukocidin triggers an alternative NETosis process targeting mitochondria. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21167. [PMID: 33241563 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902981r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) is a bicomponent leukotoxin produced by 3%-10% of clinical Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains involved in the severity of hospital and community-acquired infections. Although PVL was long known as a pore-forming toxin, recent studies have challenged the formation of a pore at the plasma membrane, while its endocytosis and the exact mode of action remain to be defined. In vitro immunolabeling of human neutrophils shows that Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETosis) is triggered by the action of purified PVL, but not by Gamma hemolysin CB (HlgCB), a structurally similar SA leukotoxin. PVL causes the ejection of chromatin fibers (NETs) decorated with antibacterial peptides independently of the NADPH oxidase oxidative burst. Leukotoxin partially colocalizes with mitochondria and enhances the production of reactive oxygen species from these organelles, while showing an increased autophagy, which results unnecessary for NETs ejection. PVL NETosis is elicited through Ca2+ -activated SK channels and Myeloperoxidase activity but is abolished by Allopurinol pretreatment of neutrophils. Moreover, massive citrullination of the histone H3 is performed by peptidyl arginine deiminases. Inhibition of this latter enzymes fails to abolish NET extrusion. Unexpectedly, PVL NETosis does not seem to involve Src kinases, which is the main kinase family activated downstream the binding of PVL F subunit to CD45 receptor, while the specific kinase pathway differs from the NADPH oxidase-dependent NETosis. PVL alone causes a different and specific form of NETosis that may rather represent a bacterial strategy conceived to disarm and disrupt the immune response, eventually allowing SA to spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Mazzoleni
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, UR7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kiran Zimmermann
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, UR7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Smirnova
- UMR 7156 GMGM Strasbourg University/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ivan Tarassov
- UMR 7156 GMGM Strasbourg University/CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gilles Prévost
- University of Strasbourg, CHRU Strasbourg, ITI InnoVec, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, UR7290, Institut de Bactériologie, Strasbourg, France
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15
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Pan Y, Barba‐Bon A, Tian H, Ding F, Hennig A, Nau WM, Guo D. An Amphiphilic Sulfonatocalix[5]arene as an Activator for Membrane Transport of Lysine‐rich Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:1875-1882. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andrea Barba‐Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Han‐Wen Tian
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials and School of Biology/Chemistry Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs) Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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16
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Pan Y, Barba‐Bon A, Tian H, Ding F, Hennig A, Nau WM, Guo D. An Amphiphilic Sulfonatocalix[5]arene as an Activator for Membrane Transport of Lysine‐rich Peptides and Proteins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andrea Barba‐Bon
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Han‐Wen Tian
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Fei Ding
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Andreas Hennig
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
- Institute of Chemistry of New Materials and School of Biology/Chemistry Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
- Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics (CellNanOs) Universität Osnabrück Osnabrück Germany
| | - Werner M. Nau
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry Jacobs University Bremen Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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A histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptide, Hipposin from mangrove whip ray, Himantura walga: Molecular and functional characterisation. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:467. [PMID: 33088663 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02455-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are biologically dynamic molecules produced by all type of organisms as a fundamental component of their innate immune system. The present study deals with the identification of a histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptide, Hipposin from mangrove whip ray, Himantura walga. A 243 base pair fragment encoding 81 amino acid residues amplified from complementary DNA was identified as Hipposin and termed as Hw-Hip. Homologous analysis showed that Hw-Hip belongs to the Histone H2A superfamily and shares sequence identity with other histone-derived AMPs from fishes. Phylogenetic analysis of Hw-Hip displayed clustering with the fish H2A histones. Secondary structure analysis showed the presence of three α-helices and four random coils with a prominent proline hinge. The physicochemical properties of Hw-Hip are in agreement with the properties of antimicrobial peptides. A 39-mer active peptide sequence was released by proteolytic cleavage in silico. Functional characterisation of active peptide in silico revealed antibacterial, anticancer and antibiofilm activities making Hw-Hip a promising candidate for further exploration.
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18
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Zhang M, Wang X, Ahmed T, Liu M, Wu Z, Luo J, Tian Y, Jiang H, Wang Y, Sun G, Li B. Identification of Genes Involved in Antifungal Activity of Burkholderia seminalis Against Rhizoctonia solani Using Tn5 Transposon Mutation Method. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100797. [PMID: 32992669 PMCID: PMC7600168 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is the causative agent of rice sheath blight disease. In a previous study, we found that the growth of R. solani was inhibited by Burkholderia seminalis strain R456. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the genes involved in the antifungal activity of B. seminalis strain R456 by using a Tn5 transposon mutation method. Firstly, we constructed a random insertion transposon library of 997 mutants, out of which 11 mutants showed the defective antifungal activity against R. solani. Furthermore, the 10 antagonism-related genes were successfully identified based on analysis of the Tn5 transposon insertion site. Indeed, this result indicated that three mutants were inserted on an indigenous plasmid in which the same insertion site was observed in two mutants. In addition, the remaining eight mutants were inserted on different genes encoding glycosyl transferase, histone H1, nonribosomal peptide synthetase, methyltransferase, MnmG, sulfate export transporter, catalase/peroxidase HPI and CysD, respectively. Compared to the wild type, the 11 mutants showed a differential effect in bacteriological characteristics such as cell growth, biofilm formation and response to H2O2 stress, revealing the complexity of action mode of these antagonism-related genes. However, a significant reduction of cell motility was observed in the 11 mutants compared to the wild type. Therefore, it can be inferred that the antifungal mechanism of the 10 above-mentioned genes may be, at least partially, due to the weakness of cell motility. Overall, the result of this study will be helpful for us to understand the biocontrol mechanism of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (X.W.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.T.); (H.J.)
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (X.W.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.T.); (H.J.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (X.W.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.T.); (H.J.)
| | - Mengju Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (X.W.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.T.); (H.J.)
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (X.W.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.T.); (H.J.)
| | - Jinyan Luo
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Shanghai Extension and Service Center of Agriculture Technology, Shanghai 201103, China;
| | - Ye Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (X.W.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.T.); (H.J.)
| | - Hubiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (X.W.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.T.); (H.J.)
| | - Yanli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (B.L.); Tel.: +86-0571-88982412 (Y.W. & B.L.)
| | - Guochang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (M.Z.); (X.W.); (T.A.); (M.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.T.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (B.L.); Tel.: +86-0571-88982412 (Y.W. & B.L.)
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19
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Liu PF, Xia Y, Hua XT, Fan K, Li X, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Quantitative proteomic analysis in serum of Takifugu rubripes infected with Cryptocaryon irritans. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:213-221. [PMID: 32534232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans can cause cryptocaryonosis (white spot disease) in marine fish but the pathogenesis of the disease is unclear. In this work, we used high-throughput proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins in the serum of Takifugu rubripes challenged with C. irritans. By using quantitative proteomic assays combined with Tandem Mass Tag-labeled quantitative proteomic analysis, we identified a total of 2088 differentially abundant proteins (1706 proteins were quantified, p < 0.05, fold-change threshold ≥ 2), including 21 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated. Combined with STRING-based functional analysis, we ultimately obtained eight proteins including glucokinase-like, integrin beta-1-like isoform X2, H4, H2A.V, histone H1-like, histone H2AX-like, histone H2B 1/2-like and myosin-9 isoform X1, which could be considered as potential biomarkers for T. rubripes immune responses. Eight proteins that were selected to validate significant differentially expressed genes at the proteomic level were consistent with qPCR at the transcriptomic level. The proteins identified in our work may serve as candidates for elucidating the molecular mechanism of cryptocaryonosis in T. rubripes. Our collective findings could provide new insights into searching for disease-specific targets and biomarkers, which may be effective indicators of C. irritans infection in T. rubripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yuqing Xia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xin-Tong Hua
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kunpeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaohao Li
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture (KLECA), Ministry of Education, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian, 116023, China; Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266237, China.
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20
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Doolin T, Amir HM, Duong L, Rosenzweig R, Urban LA, Bosch M, Pol A, Gross SP, Siryaporn A. Mammalian histones facilitate antimicrobial synergy by disrupting the bacterial proton gradient and chromosome organization. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3888. [PMID: 32753666 PMCID: PMC7403156 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
First proposed as antimicrobial agents, histones were later recognized for their role in condensing chromosomes. Histone antimicrobial activity has been reported in innate immune responses. However, how histones kill bacteria has remained elusive. The co-localization of histones with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in immune cells suggests that histones may be part of a larger antimicrobial mechanism in vivo. Here we report that histone H2A enters E. coli and S. aureus through membrane pores formed by the AMPs LL-37 and magainin-2. H2A enhances AMP-induced pores, depolarizes the bacterial membrane potential, and impairs membrane recovery. Inside the cytoplasm, H2A reorganizes bacterial chromosomal DNA and inhibits global transcription. Whereas bacteria recover from the pore-forming effects of LL-37, the concomitant effects of H2A and LL-37 are irrecoverable. Their combination constitutes a positive feedback loop that exponentially amplifies their antimicrobial activities, causing antimicrobial synergy. More generally, treatment with H2A and the pore-forming antibiotic polymyxin B completely eradicates bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tory Doolin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Henry M Amir
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Leora Duong
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rachel Rosenzweig
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Lauren A Urban
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Marta Bosch
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Albert Pol
- Cell Compartments and Signaling Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Steven P Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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The transcriptome analysis of the whole-body of the gastropod mollusk Limax flavus and screening of putative antimicrobial peptide and protein genes. Genomics 2020; 112:3991-3999. [PMID: 32650091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The gastropod mollusk Limax flavus, one of the most widespread pests in China, is used to treat infectious diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. However, little genomic information is available for this non-model species. In this study, the whole-body transcriptome of L. flavus was sequenced using next generation sequencing technology. A total of 6.81 Gb clean reads were obtained, which were assembled into 150,766 transcripts with 132,206 annotated unigenes. Functionally classification assigned 30,542 unigenes to 56 Gene Ontology terms, 16,745 unigenes were divided into 26 euKaryotic Ortholog Groups of proteins categories, and 13,854 unigenes were assigned to 230 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Furthermore, we identified 17,251 simple sequence repeats and several kinds of antimicrobial peptide and protein (AMPs) genes. The transcriptome data of L. flavus will provide a valuable genomic resource for further studies on this species, and the AMPs identified in L. flavus will support its medical potential.
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Li Z, Yuan Y, Meng M, Hu P, Wang Y. De novo transcriptome of the whole-body of the gastropod mollusk Philomycus bilineatus, a pest with medical potential in China. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:439-449. [PMID: 32557200 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Philomycus bilineatus is a highly common gastropod mollusk pest in China and is also utilized to treat infectious diseases. However, no genomic resources are available for this non-model species. In the present study, the transcriptomic analysis of P. bilineatus was completed. After sequencing using the next generation sequencing technology, 9.11 Gb of clean reads were obtained, which led to the assembly and annotation of 145,523 transcripts and 125,690 unigenes. Unigenes were functionally classified using Gene Ontology (GO), euKaryotic Ortholog Groups of proteins (KOG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). A total of 27,554 unigenes were assigned into 55 GO terms, 13,989 unigenes were differentiated into 26 KOG categories, and 16,368 unigenes were assigned to 229 KEGG pathways. Furthermore, 16,614 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 38 olfactory genes, and 40 antimicrobial peptide/protein genes were identified. The transcriptome profile of P. bilineatus will provide a valuable genomic resource for further study, will promote the development of new pest management strategies through interference of chemosensory communication, and will support potential medicinal uses of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Meng
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, People's Republic of China
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Ballard E, Yucel R, Melchers WJG, Brown AJP, Verweij PE, Warris A. Antifungal Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides and Proteins against Aspergillus fumigatus. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6020065. [PMID: 32443413 PMCID: PMC7345740 DOI: 10.3390/jof6020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) provide an important line of defence against invading microorganisms. However, the activity of AMPs against the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus remains poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise the anti-Aspergillus activity of specific human AMPs, and to determine whether A. fumigatus can possess resistance to specific AMPs, as a result of in-host adaptation. AMPs were tested against a wide range of clinical isolates of various origins (including cystic fibrosis patients, as well as patients with chronic and acute aspergillosis). We also tested a series of isogenic A. fumigatus isolates obtained from a single patient over a period of 2 years. A range of environmental isolates, obtained from soil in Scotland, was also included. Firstly, the activity of specific peptides was assessed against hyphae using a measure of fungal metabolic activity. Secondly, the activity of specific peptides was assessed against germinating conidia, using imaging flow cytometry as a measure of hyphal growth. We showed that lysozyme and histones inhibited hyphal metabolic activity in all the A. fumigatus isolates tested in a dose-dependent fashion. In addition, imaging flow cytometry revealed that histones, β-defensin-1 and lactoferrin inhibited the germination of A. fumigatus conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise Ballard
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
| | - Raif Yucel
- Iain Fraser Cytometry Centre (IFCC), Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
- Cytomics Centre, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;
| | - Willem J. G. Melchers
- Centre for Expertise in Mycology and Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (W.J.G.M.); (P.E.V.)
| | - Alistair J. P. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter 4EX 4QD, UK;
| | - Paul E. Verweij
- Centre for Expertise in Mycology and Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (W.J.G.M.); (P.E.V.)
| | - Adilia Warris
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, Exeter 4EX 4QD, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1392-727-593
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Warrier A, Crowe A. Detection of β-defensins and Other Antibacterial Peptides in P-glycoprotein Expressing Human Gastrointestinal Cell Lines and Their Secretions. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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25
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Doolin T, Gross S, Siryaporn A. Physical Mechanisms of Bacterial Killing by Histones. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1267:117-133. [PMID: 32894480 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46886-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global epidemic, becoming increasingly pressing due to its rapid spread. There is thus a critical need to develop new therapeutic approaches. In addition to searching for new antibiotics, looking into existing mechanisms of natural host defense may enable researchers to improve existing defense mechanisms, and to develop effective, synthetic drugs guided by natural principles. Histones, primarily known for their role in condensing mammalian DNA, are antimicrobial and share biochemical similarities with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); however, the mechanism by which histones kill bacteria is largely unknown. Both AMPs and histones are similar in size, cationic, contain a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids, and possess the ability to form alpha helices. AMPs, which mostly kill bacteria through permeabilization or disruption of the biological membrane, have recently garnered significant attention for playing a key role in host defenses. This chapter outlines the structure and function of histone proteins as they compare to AMPs and provides an overview of their role in innate immune responses, especially regarding the action of specific histones against microorganisms and their potential mechanism of action against microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tory Doolin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Physics & Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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26
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Chen X, Yi Y, You X, Liu J, Shi Q. High-Throughput Identification of Putative Antimicrobial Peptides from Multi-Omics Data of the Lined Seahorse ( Hippocampus erectus). Mar Drugs 2019; 18:md18010030. [PMID: 31905755 PMCID: PMC7024384 DOI: 10.3390/md18010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus), the most widely cultivated seahorse in China, has been in short supply because of its important medicinal value; meanwhile, unnatural deaths caused by various diseases (especially enteritis) have limited their practical large-scale aquaculture. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), as the best alternative to antibiotics, have been extensively applied in agricultural practices. In this study, we identified 290 putative AMP sequences from our previously published genome and transcriptome data of the lined seahorse. Among them, 267 are novel, and 118 were validated by our proteome data generated in the present study. It seems that there is a tissue preference in the distribution of AMP/AMP precursor transcripts, such as lectins in the male pouch. In addition, their transcription levels usually varied during development. Interestingly, the representative lectins kept extremely high levels at the pre-pregnancy stage while at relatively lower levels at other stages. Especially Lectin25, with the highest transcription levels and significant developmental changes, has been reported to be involved in seahorse and human pregnancy. The comparison of transcriptome data between one-day and three-month juveniles indicated that Hemoglobin2 (Hemo2) was significantly upregulated in the body, haslet, and brain. Our proteome data of female and male individuals revealed three putative AMP precursors with sexual specificity, including two male-biased cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK-like16 and CDK-like23) and one female-biased bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor 2 (BPTI2). In conclusion, our present high-throughput identification of putative AMP sequences from multi-omics (including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics) data provides an overview of AMPs in the popular lined seahorse, which lays a solid foundation for further development of AMP-based fish food additives and human drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyang Chen
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yunhai Yi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xinxin You
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jie Liu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; (X.C.); (Y.Y.); (X.Y.)
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-185-6627-9826; Fax: +86-755-3630-7807
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27
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Martín-Antonio B, Suñe G, Najjar A, Perez-Amill L, Antoñana-Vildosola A, Castella M, León S, Velasco-de Andrés M, Lozano F, Lozano E, Bueno C, Estanyol JM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Robinson SN, Urbano-Ispizua A. Extracellular NK histones promote immune cell anti-tumor activity by inducing cell clusters through binding to CD138 receptor. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:259. [PMID: 31619273 PMCID: PMC6794915 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural killer (NK) cells are important anti-tumor cells of our innate immune system. Their anti-cancer activity is mediated through interaction of a wide array of activating and inhibitory receptors with their ligands on tumor cells. After activation, NK cells also secrete a variety of pro-inflammatory molecules that contribute to the final immune response by modulating other innate and adaptive immune cells. In this regard, external proteins from NK cell secretome and the mechanisms by which they mediate these responses are poorly defined. Methods TRANS-stable-isotope labeling of amino acids in cell culture (TRANS-SILAC) combined with proteomic was undertaken to identify early materials transferred between cord blood-derived NK cells (CB-NK) and multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Further in vitro and in vivo studies with knock-down of histones and CD138, overexpression of histones and addition of exogenous histones were undertaken to confirm TRANS-SILAC results and to determine functional roles of this material transferred. Results We describe a novel mechanism by which histones are actively released by NK cells early after contact with MM cells. We show that extracellular histones bind to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan CD138 on the surface of MM cells to promote the creation of immune-tumor cell clusters bringing immune and MM cells into close proximity, and thus facilitating not only NK but also T lymphocyte anti-MM activity. Conclusion This study demonstrates a novel immunoregulatory role of NK cells against MM cells mediated by histones, and an additional role of NK cells modulating T lymphocytes activity that will open up new avenues to design future immunotherapy clinical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Martín-Antonio
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - G Suñe
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Najjar
- Department of Pediatrics - Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Perez-Amill
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Antoñana-Vildosola
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Castella
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S León
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Velasco-de Andrés
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Lozano
- Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System Group, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Immunology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Lozano
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Bueno
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Cell Therapy Program of the School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Estanyol
- Proteomic department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Muñoz-Pinedo
- Cell Death Regulation Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S N Robinson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - A Urbano-Ispizua
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Carrer Rosselló 149-153, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Hematology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Sruthy KS, Nair A, Antony SP, Puthumana J, Singh ISB, Philip R. A histone H2A derived antimicrobial peptide, Fi-Histin from the Indian White shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus: Molecular and functional characterization. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:667-679. [PMID: 31252047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from histone proteins form an important category of peptide antibiotics. Present study deals with the molecular and functional characterization of a 27-amino acid histone H2A derived AMP from the Indian White shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus designated as Fi-Histin. This peptide displayed distinctive features of AMPs such as amphiphilic alpha helical structure and a net charge of +6. The synthetic peptide exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria especially against V. vulnificus, P. aeruginosa, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholera and S. aureus. Disruption of cell membrane and cell content leakage were observed in peptide treated V. vulnificus using scanning electron microscopy. The synthetic peptide Fi-His1-21 exhibited DNA binding activity and found to be non-haemolytic at the tested concentrations. Peptide was also found to possess anticancer activity against NCI-H460 and HEp-2 cell lines with an IC50 of 22.670 ± 13.939 μM and 31.274 ± 24.531 μM respectively. This is the first report of a histone H2A derived peptide from F. indicus with a specific antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity, which could be a new candidate for future applications in aquaculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sruthy
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Aishwarya Nair
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.
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29
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Silvestre-Roig C, Braster Q, Wichapong K, Lee EY, Teulon JM, Berrebeh N, Winter J, Adrover JM, Santos GS, Froese A, Lemnitzer P, Ortega-Gómez A, Chevre R, Marschner J, Schumski A, Winter C, Perez-Olivares L, Pan C, Paulin N, Schoufour T, Hartwig H, González-Ramos S, Kamp F, Megens RTA, Mowen KA, Gunzer M, Maegdefessel L, Hackeng T, Lutgens E, Daemen M, von Blume J, Anders HJ, Nikolaev VO, Pellequer JL, Weber C, Hidalgo A, Nicolaes GAF, Wong GCL, Soehnlein O. Externalized histone H4 orchestrates chronic inflammation by inducing lytic cell death. Nature 2019; 569:236-240. [PMID: 31043745 PMCID: PMC6716525 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The perpetuation of inflammation is an important pathophysiological contributor to the global medical burden. Chronic inflammation is promoted by non-programmed cell death1,2; however, how inflammation is instigated, its cellular and molecular mediators, and its therapeutic value are poorly defined. Here we use mouse models of atherosclerosis-a major underlying cause of mortality worldwide-to demonstrate that extracellular histone H4-mediated membrane lysis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) triggers arterial tissue damage and inflammation. We show that activated lesional SMCs attract neutrophils, triggering the ejection of neutrophil extracellular traps that contain nuclear proteins. Among them, histone H4 binds to and lyses SMCs, leading to the destabilization of plaques; conversely, the neutralization of histone H4 prevents cell death of SMCs and stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions. Our data identify a form of cell death found at the core of chronic vascular disease that is instigated by leukocytes and can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Silvestre-Roig
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Quinte Braster
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Kanin Wichapong
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ernest Y Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Nihel Berrebeh
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | - Janine Winter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - José M Adrover
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alexander Froese
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Lemnitzer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Almudena Ortega-Gómez
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Raphael Chevre
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Marschner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ariane Schumski
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla Winter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Chang Pan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Paulin
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tom Schoufour
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helene Hartwig
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frits Kamp
- BMC, Metabolic Biochemistry, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Remco T A Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilman Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mat Daemen
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany
- Area of Developmental and Cell Biology, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C L Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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de Nova PJG, Carvajal A, Prieto M, Rubio P. In vitro Susceptibility and Evaluation of Techniques for Understanding the Mode of Action of a Promising Non-antibiotic Citrus Fruit Extract Against Several Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:884. [PMID: 31105673 PMCID: PMC6491944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening for alternatives to antibiotics is an urgent need for the pharmaceutical industry. One of these alternatives seems to be the citrus fruit extracts, which are showing a significant antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. One of these citrus extracts, named BIOCITRO®, is assessed in this study to elucidate its bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect and its mode of action on the important pathogens Campylobacter coli, C. jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, and Staphylococcus aureus. For most of the strains tested of these bacteria the product was bactericidal as well as bacteriostatic at the same concentration, and the minimum bactericidal concentrations ranged from 16 to 256 μg/mL. Regarding the mode of action, important changes in the permeability, structure, composition and morphology of the bacterial envelope were evidenced using flow cytometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main effect of the product was found over carbohydrates and polysaccharides, inducing the release of microvesicles by the cells in addition to other specific effects. During the study, the techniques used were evaluated to clarify their contribution to the knowledge of the mode of action of the product. The survival test elucidated whether the modifications displayed using other techniques affected the viability of the cells or on the contrary, the cells remained viable even with evident changes in their structure, composition or morphology. Flow cytometry showed that for some strains the proportion of cells detected with altered membrane permeability were higher than the number of non-viable cells, and therefore the damage did not affect the viability of some cells. On the contrary, some cells observed using scanning electron microscopy with no apparent damage, were demonstrated non-viable using the survival test, making this technique indispensable in studies of the mode of action of antimicrobials to make a correct interpretation of the data from other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J. G. de Nova
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Ana Carvajal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Miguel Prieto
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Universidad de León, León, Spain
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Pedro Rubio
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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31
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Song Y, Kadiyala U, Weerappuli P, Valdez JJ, Yalavarthi S, Louttit C, Knight JS, Moon JJ, Weiss DS, VanEpps JS, Takayama S. Antimicrobial Microwebs of DNA-Histone Inspired from Neutrophil Extracellular Traps. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807436. [PMID: 30698844 PMCID: PMC6467213 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are decondensed chromatin networks released by neutrophils that can trap and kill pathogens but can also paradoxically promote biofilms. The mechanism of NET functions remains ambiguous, at least in part, due to their complex and variable compositions. To unravel the antimicrobial performance of NETs, a minimalistic NET-like synthetic structure, termed "microwebs," is produced by the sonochemical complexation of DNA and histone. The prepared microwebs have structural similarity to NETs at the nanometer to micrometer dimensions but with well-defined molecular compositions. Microwebs prepared with different DNA to histone ratios show that microwebs trap pathogenic Escherichia coli in a manner similar to NETs when the zeta potential of the microwebs is positive. The DNA nanofiber networks and the bactericidal histone constituting the microwebs inhibit the growth of E. coli. Moreover, microwebs work synergistically with colistin sulfate, a common and a last-resort antibiotic, by targeting the cell envelope of pathogenic bacteria. The synthesis of microwebs enables mechanistic studies not possible with NETs, and it opens new possibilities for constructing biomimetic bacterial microenvironments to better understand and predict physiological pathogen responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Usha Kadiyala
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Priyan Weerappuli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jordan J. Valdez
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
| | | | - Cameron Louttit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James J. Moon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David S. Weiss
- Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory Vaccine Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30307, USA
| | - J. Scott VanEpps
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering & Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Li Z, Meng M, Li S, Deng B. The transcriptome analysis of Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis larvae. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214001. [PMID: 30897120 PMCID: PMC6428405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvae of the pest Protaetia brevitarsis are used to treat infections in traditional Chinese medicine. However, genomic information about this non-model species is currently lacking. To better understand the fundamental biology of this non-model species, its transcriptome was obtained using next generation sequencing and then analyzed. A total of 7.62 Gb of clean reads were obtained, which were assembled into 169,087 transcripts corresponding to 142,000 annotated unigenes. These unigenes were functionally classified according to Gene Ontology (GO), euKaryotic Ortholog Groups of proteins (KOG), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotations. A total of 41,921 unigenes were assigned to 56 GO terms, 21,454 unigenes were divided among 26 KOG categories, and 16,368 unigenes were assigned to 32 KEGG pathways. In addition, 19,144 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. Furthermore, several kinds of natural antimicrobial peptides and proteins, 4 histones with potential antimicrobial activity, and 41 potential antimicrobial peptide sequences were identified. These data are the first reported whole transcriptome sequence of P. brevitarsis larvae, which represents a valuable genomic resource for studying this species, thus promoting the utilization of its medical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
- * E-mail:
| | - Miaomiao Meng
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Shasha Li
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
| | - Bo Deng
- Medical College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, PR China
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Guo HY, Cui ZJ. Extracellular Histones Activate Plasma Membrane Toll-Like Receptor 9 to Trigger Calcium Oscillations in Rat Pancreatic Acinar Tumor Cell AR4-2J. Cells 2018; 8:E3. [PMID: 30577532 PMCID: PMC6356355 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In acute pancreatitis, histones are released by infiltrating neutrophils, but how histones modulate pancreatic acinar cell function has not been investigated. We have examined histone modulation of rat pancreatic acini and pancreatic acinar tumor cell AR4-2J by calcium imaging. Histones were found to have no effect on calcium in pancreatic acini but blocked calcium oscillations induced by cholecystokinin or acetylcholine. Both mixed (Hx) and individual (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4) histones induced calcium oscillations in AR4-2J. RT-PCR and Western blot verified the expression of histone-targeted Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 and 9. Immunocytochemistry identified TLR2/TLR4 on apical plasma membrane and TLR9 in zymogen granule regions in pancreatic acini. TLR2 was found on neighboring and TLR9 on peripheral plasma membranes, but TLR4 was in the nucleus in AR4-2J clusters. Neither TLR2 agonist zymosan-A nor TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide had any effect on calcium, but TLR9 agonist ODN1826 induced calcium oscillations; TLR9 antagonist ODN2088 blocked H4-induced calcium oscillations in AR4-2J, which also disappeared after treatment of AR4-2J with glucocorticoid dexamethasone, with concurrent TLR9 migration from plasma membrane to cell interiors. TLR9 down regulation with siRNA suppressed H4-induced calcium oscillations. These data together suggest that extracellular histones activate plasma membrane TLR9 to trigger calcium oscillations in AR4-2J cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Yan Guo
- Institute of Cell Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Zong Jie Cui
- Institute of Cell Biology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Kotenkova E, Lukinova E, Kovalyov L. Bovine mucous membranes as a source of antimicrobial compounds. POTRAVINARSTVO 2018. [DOI: 10.5219/976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of food quality, deterioration of organoleptic properties and accumulation of anti-alimentary compounds are in focus of modern food science. Nowadays, such traditional methods as processing, physical and chemical treatment are used for improving of shelf life. An alternative ways of shelf life increasing are quite a sharp problem. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) could be an actual alternative. According to Antimicrobial Peptide Database (http://aps.unmc.edu/AP/main.php), 2884 antimicrobial peptides from six kingdoms were found and identified. Mucous membranes of farm animals due to their border position and intensive contact with different pathogens could be a capacious source of such substances. Objects of the study were bovine oral cavity mucosa, nasal cavity mucosa, tracheal cavity mucosa, rectal mucosa, tongue mucosa, saliva gland and submandibular lymph nodes. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) was performed according to the method of O'Farrell, 35 protein fractions were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS mass spectrometry. A number of qualitative and quantitative differences were revealed. A large number of histones (H2bd-like, H2BC, HIST1H2BD, HIST2H2AC, HIST1H2AH, histone H3.3 and H2bl-like, HIST2H2AC and histone H3.3, mixture HIST1H2AJ, HIST2H2BE and histone H2A type 2-C) were found in all mucous membranes as well as several tissue-specific proteins (proteins S100-A12 and AGR2, isoforms of ribosomal proteins, myelin P2, odorant-binding protein, secretoglobin), which could be a precusors of bioactive peptides
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Szatmary P, Huang W, Criddle D, Tepikin A, Sutton R. Biology, role and therapeutic potential of circulating histones in acute inflammatory disorders. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4617-4629. [PMID: 30085397 PMCID: PMC6156248 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones are positively charged nuclear proteins that facilitate packaging of DNA into nucleosomes common to all eukaryotic cells. Upon cell injury or cell signalling processes, histones are released passively through cell necrosis or actively from immune cells as part of extracellular traps. Extracellular histones function as microbicidal proteins and are pro‐thrombotic, limiting spread of infection or isolating areas of injury to allow for immune cell infiltration, clearance of infection and initiation of tissue regeneration and repair. Histone toxicity, however, is not specific to microbes and contributes to tissue and end‐organ injury, which in cases of systemic inflammation may lead to organ failure and death. This review details the processes of histones release in acute inflammation, the mechanisms of histone‐related tissue toxicity and current and future strategies for therapy targeting histones in acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Szatmary
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - David Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexei Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Szatmary P, Liu T, Abrams ST, Voronina S, Wen L, Chvanov M, Huang W, Wang G, Criddle DN, Tepikin AV, Toh CH, Sutton R. Systemic histone release disrupts plasmalemma and contributes to necrosis in acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2017; 17:884-892. [PMID: 29102149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical and experimental acute pancreatitis feature histone release within the pancreas from innate immune cells and acinar cell necrosis. In this study, we aimed to detail the source of circulating histones and assess their role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. METHODS Circulating nucleosomes were measured in patient plasma, taken within 24 and 48 h of onset of acute pancreatitis and correlated with clinical outcomes. Using caerulein hyperstimulation, circulating histones were measured in portal, systemic venous and systemic arterial circulation in mice, and the effects of systemic administration of histones in this model were assessed. The sites of actions of circulating histones were assessed by administration of FITC-labelled histones. The effects of histones on isolated pancreatic acinar cells were further assessed by measuring acinar cell death and calcium permeability in vitro. RESULTS Cell-free histones were confirmed to be abundant in human acute pancreatitis and found to derive from pancreatitis-associated liver injury in a rodent model of the disease. Fluorescein isothianate-labelled histones administered systemically targeted the pancreas and exacerbated injury in experimental acute pancreatitis. Histones induce charge- and concentration-dependent plasmalemma leakage and necrosis in isolated pancreatic acinar cells, independent of extracellular calcium. CONCLUSION We conclude that histones released systemically in acute pancreatitis concentrate within the inflamed pancreas and exacerbate injury. Circulating histones may provide meaningful biomarkers and targets for therapy in clinical acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Szatmary
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Tingting Liu
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Simon T Abrams
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Li Wen
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guozheng Wang
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Alexey V Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
| | - Cheng-Hock Toh
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7BE, UK; Roald Dahl Haemostasis and Thrombosis Centre, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, L7 8XP, UK.
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GA, UK
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Döhrmann S, LaRock CN, Anderson EL, Cole JN, Ryali B, Stewart C, Nonejuie P, Pogliano J, Corriden R, Ghosh P, Nizet V. Group A Streptococcal M1 Protein Provides Resistance against the Antimicrobial Activity of Histones. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43039. [PMID: 28220899 PMCID: PMC5318940 DOI: 10.1038/srep43039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones are essential elements of chromatin structure and gene regulation in eukaryotes. An unexpected attribute of these nuclear proteins is their antimicrobial activity. A framework for histone release and function in host defense in vivo was revealed with the discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps, a specialized cell death process in which DNA-based structures containing histones are extruded to ensnare and kill bacteria. Investigating the susceptibility of various Gram-positive pathogens to histones, we found high-level resistance by one leading human pathogen, group A Streptococcus (GAS). A screen of isogenic mutants revealed that the highly surface-expressed M1 protein, a classical GAS virulence factor, was required for high-level histone resistance. Biochemical and microscopic analyses revealed that the N-terminal domain of M1 protein binds and inactivates histones before they reach their cell wall target of action. This finding illustrates a new pathogenic function for this classic GAS virulence factor, and highlights a potential innate immune evasion strategy that may be employed by other bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Döhrmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher N LaRock
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ericka L Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jason N Cole
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brinda Ryali
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chelsea Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Poochit Nonejuie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joe Pogliano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ross Corriden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Partho Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, United States of America
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38
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Butler VL, Mowbray CA, Cadwell K, Niranji SS, Bailey R, Watson KA, Ralph J, Hall J. Effects of rearing environment on the gut antimicrobial responses of two broiler chicken lines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 178:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sol A, Skvirsky Y, Blotnick E, Bachrach G, Muhlrad A. Actin and DNA Protect Histones from Degradation by Bacterial Proteases but Inhibit Their Antimicrobial Activity. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1248. [PMID: 27555840 PMCID: PMC4977296 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones are small polycationic proteins located in the cell nucleus. Together, DNA and histones are integral constituents of the nucleosomes. Upon apoptosis, necrosis, and infection – induced cell death, histones are released from the cell. The extracellular histones have strong antimicrobial activity but are also cytotoxic and thought as mediators of cell death in sepsis. The antimicrobial activity of the cationic extracellular histones is inhibited by the polyanionic DNA and F-actin, which also become extracellular upon cell death. DNA and F-actin protect histones from degradation by the proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Porphyromonas gingivalis. However, though the integrity of the histones is protected, the activity of histones as antibacterial agents is lost. The inhibition of the histone’s antibacterial activity and their protection from proteolysis by DNA and F-actin indicate a tight electrostatic interaction between the positively charged histones and negatively charged DNA and F-actin, which may have physiological significance in maintaining the equilibrium between the beneficial antimicrobial activity of extracellular histones and their cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Sol
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaniv Skvirsky
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Edna Blotnick
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Bachrach
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andras Muhlrad
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Dental Medicine Jerusalem, Israel
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40
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Hoeksema M, van Eijk M, Haagsman HP, Hartshorn KL. Histones as mediators of host defense, inflammation and thrombosis. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:441-53. [PMID: 26939619 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones are known for their ability to bind to and regulate expression of DNA. However, histones are also present in cytoplasm and extracellular fluids where they serve host defense functions and promote inflammatory responses. Histones are a major component of neutrophil extracellular traps that contribute to bacterial killing but also to inflammatory injury. Histones can act as antimicrobial peptides and directly kill bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, in vitro and in a variety of animal hosts. In addition, histones can trigger inflammatory responses in some cases acting through Toll-like receptors or inflammasome pathways. Extracellular histones mediate organ injury (lung, liver), sepsis physiology, thrombocytopenia and thrombin generation and some proteins can bind histones and reduce these potentially harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Hoeksema
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Peptides and Peptidomimetics for Antimicrobial Drug Design. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:366-415. [PMID: 26184232 PMCID: PMC4588174 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and highlight a few classes of traditional antimicrobial peptides with a focus on structure-activity relationship studies. After first dissecting the important physiochemical properties that influence the antimicrobial and toxic properties of antimicrobial peptides, the contributions of individual amino acids with respect to the peptides antibacterial properties are presented. A brief discussion of the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials as well as the development of bacterial resistance towards antimicrobial peptides follows. Finally, current efforts on novel design strategies and peptidomimetics are introduced to illustrate the importance of antimicrobial peptide research in the development of future antibiotics.
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Hoeksema M, Tripathi S, White M, Qi L, Taubenberger J, van Eijk M, Haagsman H, Hartshorn KL. Arginine-rich histones have strong antiviral activity for influenza A viruses. Innate Immun 2015; 21:736-45. [PMID: 26138524 DOI: 10.1177/1753425915593794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While histones are best known for DNA binding and transcription-regulating properties, they also have antimicrobial activity against a broad range of potentially pathogenic organisms. Histones are abundant in neutrophil extracellular traps, where they play an important role in NET-mediated antimicrobial killing. Here, we show anti-influenza activity of histones against both seasonal H3N2 and H1N1, but not pandemic H1N1. The arginine rich histones, H3 and H4, had greater neutralizing and viral aggregating activity than the lysine rich histones, H2A and H2B. Of all core histones, histone H4 is most potent in neutralizing IAV, and incubation with IAV with histone H4 results in a decrease in uptake and viral replication by epithelial cells when measured by qRT-PCR. The antiviral activity of histone H4 is mediated principally by direct effects on viral particles. Histone H4 binds to IAV as assessed by ELISA and co-sedimentation of H4 with IAV. H4 also induces aggregation, as assessed by confocal microscopy and light transmission assays. Despite strong antiviral activity against the seasonal IAV strains, H4 was inactive against pandemic H1N1. These findings indicate a possible role for histones in the innate immune response against IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Hoeksema
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston MA, USA Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Shweta Tripathi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Mitchell White
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
| | - Li Qi
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda MD, USA
| | | | - Martin van Eijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston MA, USA
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Chaurasia MK, Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Gnanam AJ, Pasupuleti M, Kasi M, Harikrishnan R, Arockiaraj J. A prawn core histone 4: Derivation of N- and C-terminal peptides and their antimicrobial properties, molecular characterization and mRNA transcription. Microbiol Res 2015; 170:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vajrychova M, Kacerovsky M, Tambor V, Hornychova H, Lenco J. Microbial invasion and histological chorioamnionitis upregulate neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 29:12-21. [PMID: 25424376 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.991305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our recent exploratory proteomic study suggested increased levels of neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin (P80188, NGAL_HUMAN) due to microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity (MIAC) and histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) in women with preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes. In this study, we verified the proteomics findings by assessing the amniotic fluid NGAL by ELISA in the original exploratory cohort. The NGAL level was significantly higher in women positive for both MIAC and HCA compared to women with both conditions ruled out (median 75.1 ng/ml versus 27.9 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). For independent validation and to assess NGALs potential to stratify women positive for both MIAC and HCA from women in whom at least one of these conditions was absent, we subsequently designed a retrospective replication cohort. Significantly higher NGAL levels were found in women positive for both MIAC and HCA (median 65.9 ng/ml versus 34.2 ng/ml; p = 0.0061). Significantly higher levels of NGAL were confirmed only in strata below 32 weeks of gestation. Based on the observed likelihood ratio, the best predictive cutoff level (47.1 ng/ml) was evaluated in both cohorts. Data from the verification cohort implied that NGAL is a valuable clinical marker for revealing MIAC leading to HCA; however, this potential was not replicated in the replication cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Vajrychova
- a Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Marian Kacerovsky
- b Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic .,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic , and
| | - Vojtech Tambor
- b Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Helena Hornychova
- d Fingerland's Department of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
| | - Juraj Lenco
- a Department of Molecular Pathology and Biology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences , University of Defence , Hradec Kralove , Czech Republic
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45
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Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of AamAP1-Lysine, a Novel Synthetic Peptide Analog Derived from the Scorpion Venom Peptide AamAP1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:502-16. [PMID: 24776889 PMCID: PMC4035766 DOI: 10.3390/ph7050502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in the development of antimicrobial peptides as a potentially novel class of antimicrobial agents. Several structural determinants are responsible for the antimicrobial and cytolytic activity of antimicrobial peptides. In our study, a new synthetic peptide analog, AamAP1-Lysine from the naturally occurring scorpion venom antimicrobial peptide AamAP1, was designed by modifying the parent peptide in order to increase the positive charge and optimize other physico-chemical parameters involved in antimicrobial activity. AamAP1-Lysine displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration was in the range of 5 to 15 µM with a 10 fold increase in potency over the parent peptide. The hemolytic and antiproliferative activity of AamAP1-Lysine against eukaryotic mammalian cells was minimal at the concentration range needed to inhibit bacterial growth. The antibacterial mechanism analysis indicated that AamAP1-Lysine is probably inducing bacterial cell death through membrane damage and permeabilization determined by the release of β-galactosidase enzyme from peptide treated E. coli cells. DNA binding studies revealed that AamAP1-Lysine caused complete retardation of DNA migration and could display intracellular activities in addition to the membrane permeabilization mode of action reported earlier. In conclusion, AamAP1-Lysine could prove to be a potential candidate for antimicrobial drug development in future studies.
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Arockiaraj J, Gnanam AJ, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Thirumalai MK, Roy A, Pasupuleti M, Kasi M. An unconventional antimicrobial protein histone from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii: analysis of immune properties. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:1511-1522. [PMID: 23994279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we have reported the first histone characterized at molecular level from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrHis). A full length cDNA of MrHis (751 base pairs) was identified from an established M. rosenbergii cDNA library using GS-FLX technique. It encodes 137 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 15 kDa and an isoelectric point of 10.5. MrHis peptide contains a histone H2A signature between 21 and 27 amino acids. Homologous analysis showed that MrHis had a significant sequence identity (99%) with other known histone H2A groups especially from Penaeus monodon. Phylogenetic analysis of MrHis showed a strong relationship with other amino acid sequences from histone H2A arthropod groups. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that the MrHis belongs to histone H2A superfamily and H2A1A sub-family. Secondary structure of MrHis showed that the protein contains 50.36% α-helical region and 49.64% coils. The 3D model of MrHis was predicted by I-Tasser program and the model was evaluated for quality analysis including C-score analysis, Ramachandran plot analysis and RMSD analysis. The surface view analysis of MrHis showed the active domain at the N terminal. The antimicrobial property of MrHis protein was confirmed by the helical structure and the total hydrophobic surface along with its net charge. The MFE of the predicted RNA structure of MrHis is -128.62 kcal/mol, shows its mRNA stability. Schiffer-Edmundson helical wheel analysis of the N-terminal of MrHis showed a perfect amphipathic nature of the peptide. Significantly (P < 0.05) highest gene expression was noticed in the hemocyte and is induced with viral (WSBV and MrNV) and bacteria (A eromonas hydrophila and Vibrio harveyi) infections. The coding sequence of recombinant MrHis protein was expressed in a pMAL vector and purified to study the antimicrobial properties. The recombinant product showed antimicrobial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. In this study, the recombinant MrHis protein displayed antimicrobial activity in its entirety. Hence, it is possible to suggest that the activity may be due to the direct defense role of histone or its N-terminal antimicrobial property. However, this remains to be verified by detailed investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesu Arockiaraj
- Division of Fisheries Biotechnology & Molecular Biology, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Morita S, Tagai C, Shiraishi T, Miyaji K, Iwamuro S. Differential mode of antimicrobial actions of arginine-rich and lysine-rich histones against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. Peptides 2013; 48:75-82. [PMID: 23932939 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the activities and modes of action of arginine (Arg)-rich histones H3 and H4 against Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, we investigated the properties of the Arg-rich histones against Gram-positive bacteria in comparison with those of lysine (Lys)-rich histone H2B. In a standard microdilution assay, calf thymus histones H2B, H3, and H4 showed growth inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus with minimum effective concentration values of 4.0, 4.0, and 5.6 μM, respectively. Laser confocal microscopic analyses revealed that both the Arg-rich and Lys-rich histones associated with the surface of S. aureus. However, while the morphology of S. aureus treated with histone H2B appeared intact, those treated with the histones H3 and H4 closely resembled each other, and the cells were blurred. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay results revealed these histones have binding affinity to lipoteichoic acid (LTA), one of major cell surface components of Gram-positive bacteria. Scanning electron microscopic analyses demonstrated that while histone H2B elicited no obvious changes in cell morphology, histones H3 and H4 disrupted the cell membrane structure with bleb formation in a manner similar to general antimicrobial peptides. Consequently, our results suggest that bacterial cell surface LTA initially attracts both the Arg- and Lys-rich histones, but the modes of antimicrobial action of these histones are different; the former involves cell membrane disruption and the latter involves the cell integrity disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuu Morita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
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Sanders AR, Göring HHH, Duan J, Drigalenko EI, Moy W, Freda J, He D, Shi J, Gejman PV. Transcriptome study of differential expression in schizophrenia. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:5001-14. [PMID: 23904455 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified common SNPs, rare copy number variants (CNVs) and a large polygenic contribution to illness risk, but biological mechanisms remain unclear. Bioinformatic analyses of significantly associated genetic variants point to a large role for regulatory variants. To identify gene expression abnormalities in schizophrenia, we generated whole-genome gene expression profiles using microarrays on lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) from 413 cases and 446 controls. Regression analysis identified 95 transcripts differentially expressed by affection status at a genome-wide false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.05, while simultaneously controlling for confounding effects. These transcripts represented 89 genes with functions such as neurotransmission, gene regulation, cell cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, microRNA (miRNA) processing and immunity. This functional diversity is consistent with schizophrenia's likely significant pathophysiological heterogeneity. The overall enrichment of immune-related genes among those differentially expressed by affection status is consistent with hypothesized immune contributions to schizophrenia risk. The observed differential expression of extended major histocompatibility complex (xMHC) region histones (HIST1H2BD, HIST1H2BC, HIST1H2BH, HIST1H2BG and HIST1H4K) converges with the genetic evidence from GWAS, which find the xMHC to be the most significant susceptibility locus. Among the differentially expressed immune-related genes, B3GNT2 is implicated in autoimmune disorders previously tied to schizophrenia risk (rheumatoid arthritis and Graves' disease), and DICER1 is pivotal in miRNA processing potentially linking to miRNA alterations in schizophrenia (e.g. MIR137, the second strongest GWAS finding). Our analysis provides novel candidate genes for further study to assess their potential contribution to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Sanders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
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Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of a Histone-Derived Antimicrobial Peptide Teleostin from the Marine Teleost Fishes, Tachysurus jella and Cynoglossus semifasciatus. ISRN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 2013:185807. [PMID: 27335674 PMCID: PMC4890905 DOI: 10.1155/2013/185807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are host defense peptides that are well conserved throughout the course of evolution. Histones are classical DNA-binding proteins, rich in cationic amino acids, and recently appreciated as precursors for various histone-derived AMPs. The present study deals with identification of the potential antimicrobial peptide sequence of teleostin from the histone H2A of marine teleost fishes, Cynoglossus semifasciatus and Tachysurus jella. A 245 bp amplicon coding for 81 amino acids was obtained from the cDNA transcripts of these fishes. The first 52 amino acids from the N terminal of the peptide were identical to previously characterized histone-derived antimicrobial peptides. Molecular and physicochemical characterizations of the sequence were found to be in agreement with previously reported histone H2A-derived AMPs, suggesting the possible role of histone H2A in innate defense mechanism in fishes.
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50
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Pavia KE, Spinella SA, Elmore DE. Novel histone-derived antimicrobial peptides use different antimicrobial mechanisms. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:869-76. [PMID: 22230351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increase in multidrug resistant bacteria has sparked an interest in the development of novel antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides that operate by crossing the cell membrane may also have the potential to deliver drugs to intracellular targets. Buforin 2 (BF2) is an antimicrobial peptide that shares sequence identity with a fragment of histone subunit H2A and whose bactericidal mechanism depends on membrane translocation and DNA binding. Previously, novel histone-derived antimicrobial peptides (HDAPs) were designed based on properties of BF2, and DesHDAP1 and DesHDAP3 showed significant antibacterial activity. In this study, their DNA binding, permeabilization, and translocation abilities were assessed independently and compared to antibacterial activity to determine whether they share a mechanism with BF2. To investigate the importance of proline in determining the peptides' mechanisms of action, proline to alanine mutants of the novel peptides were generated. DesHDAP1, which shows significant similarities to BF2 in terms of secondary structure, translocates effectively across lipid vesicle and bacterial membranes, while the DesHDAP1 proline mutant shows reduced translocation abilities and antimicrobial potency. In contrast, both DesHDAP3 and its proline mutant translocate poorly, though the DesHDAP3 proline mutant is more potent. Our findings suggest that a proline hinge can promote membrane translocation in some peptides, but that the extent of its effect on permeabilization depends on the peptide's amphipathic properties. Our results also highlight the different antimicrobial mechanisms exhibited by histone-derived peptides and suggest that histones may serve as a source of novel antimicrobial peptides with varied properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Pavia
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
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