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Lam KHS, Su DCJ, Wu YT, Janze A, Reeves KD. Novel Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodissection with 5% Dextrose for the Treatment of Occipital Neuralgia Targeting the Greater Occipital Nerve. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1380. [PMID: 39001270 PMCID: PMC11241494 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occipital neuralgia is a debilitating condition, and traditional treatments often provide limited or temporary relief. Recently, ultrasound-guided hydrodissection of the greater occipital nerve (GON) has emerged as a promising minimally invasive approach. OBJECTIVES To describe two novel ultrasound-guided hydrodissections with 5% dextrose for GON and discuss their advantages, disadvantages, and considerations. METHODS Two cases are reported. Case 1 describes a lateral decubitus approach for hydrodissecting the GON between the semispinalis capitis (SSC) and obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) muscles. Case 2 details a cranial-to-caudal approach for hydrodissecting the GON within the SSC and upper trapezius (UT) muscles when the GON passes through these two muscles. RESULTS Both patients experienced significant and sustained pain relief with improvements in function. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided GON hydrodissection using 5% dextrose is a promising treatment for occipital neuralgia. The lateral decubitus and cranial-caudal approaches provide additional options to address patient-specific anatomical considerations and preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- King Hei Stanley Lam
- The Board of Clinical Research, The Hong Kong Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Center for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Chiung-Jui Su
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Tsan Wu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Integrated Pain Management Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Department of Research and Development, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Aeneas Janze
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA;
| | - Kenneth Dean Reeves
- Private Practice PM&R and Pain Management, 4840 El Monte, Roeland Park, KS 66205, USA;
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Dextrose Prolotherapy for Symptomatic Grade IV Knee Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study of Early and Longer-Term Analgesia and Pain-Specific Cytokine Concentrations. Clin Pract 2022; 12:926-938. [PMID: 36412676 PMCID: PMC9680458 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract12060097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurocytokines may upregulate or downregulate neuropathic pain. We hypothesized that dextrose (D-glucose) injections for therapeutic purposes (dextrose prolotherapy: DPT) in painful knee osteoarthritis (KOA) would favorably affect synovial-fluid neurocytokine concentrations. Methods: Twenty participants with grade IV symptomatic KOA received synovial-fluid aspiration followed by dextrose or simulated dextrose injections, followed by the reverse after one week. All participants then received open-label dextrose injections monthly for 6 months, with serial assessments of walking pain at 20 min for 9 months, as well as synovial-neurocytokine-concentration measurements (calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P (SP), and neuropeptide Y (NPY)) at one week and three months. Results: Clinically important analgesia was observed at 20 min and for 9 months post dextrose injection. One -week synovial-fluid SP concentration rose by 111% (p = 0.028 within groups and p = 0.07 between groups) in the dextrose-injected knees compared to synovial-fluid aspiration only. Three-month synovial-fluid NPY concentration dropped substantially (65%; p < 0.001) after open-label dextrose injection in all knees. Conclusions: Prompt and medium-term analgesia after intra-articular dextrose injection in KOA was accompanied by potentially favorable changes in synovial-fluid neurocytokines SP and NPY, respectively, although these changes were isolated. Including neurocytokines in future assessments of DPT to elucidate mechanisms of action is recommended.
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Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme induces mechanical allodynia through increasing substance P expression in mice. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105020. [PMID: 33744374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although emerging evidence shows that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is associated with pain, it is not clear whether inhibition of ACE could affect to nociceptive transmission and which mediators are involved in this process. Here we investigated whether administration of the ACE inhibitors, captopril and enalapril increases the expression of substance P (SP) and whether this increase contributes to the induction of mechanical allodynia in mice. ACE was expressed in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) region of the spinal cord in mice. Either intraperitoneal or intrathecal administration of the ACE inhibitors, captopril and enalapril for 10 days significantly increased the paw withdrawal frequency to innocuous mechanical stimuli and the levels of SP in both the lumbar DRG and the SDH region of the spinal cord dorsal horn. In addition, intraperitoneal administration of the SP receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor) antagonist, L-733,060 suppressed mechanical allodynia that was induced by pretreatment of captopril and enalapril. Intraplantar administration of SP for 3 days induces mechanical allodynia, and this effect was reduced by exogenous ACE administration. These findings demonstrate that inhibition of ACE increases the levels of SP in both the lumbar DRG and spinal cord dorsal horn, ultimately contributing to the induction of mechanical allodynia in mice.
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Yam MF, Loh YC, Oo CW, Basir R. Overview of Neurological Mechanism of Pain Profile Used for Animal "Pain-Like" Behavioral Study with Proposed Analgesic Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124355. [PMID: 32575378 PMCID: PMC7352401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most common sensation installed in us naturally which plays a vital role in defending us against severe harm. This neurological mechanism pathway has been one of the most complex and comprehensive topics but there has never been an elaborate justification of the types of analgesics that used to reduce the pain sensation through which specific pathways. Of course, there have been some answers to curbing of pain which is a lifesaver in numerous situations-chronic and acute pain conditions alike. This has been explored by scientists using pain-like behavioral study methodologies in non-anesthetized animals since decades ago to characterize the analgesic profile such as centrally or peripherally acting drugs and allowing for the development of analgesics. However, widely the methodology is being practiced such as the tail flick/Hargreaves test and Von Frey/Randall-Selitto tests which are stimulus-evoked nociception studies, and there has rarely been a complete review of all these methodologies, their benefits and its downside coupled with the mechanism of the action that is involved. Thus, this review solely focused on the complete protocol that is being adapted in each behavioral study methods induced by different phlogogenic agents, the different assessment methods used for phasic, tonic and inflammatory pain studies and the proposed mechanism of action underlying each behavioral study methodology for analgesic drug profiling. It is our belief that this review could significantly provide a concise idea and improve our scientists' understanding towards pain management in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Fei Yam
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Yean Chun Loh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (Y.C.L.); (R.B.); Tel.: +60-46536018 (Y.C.L.); +60-389472448 (R.B.)
| | - Chuan Wei Oo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Y.C.L.); (R.B.); Tel.: +60-46536018 (Y.C.L.); +60-389472448 (R.B.)
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Nakamura Y, Fukushige R, Watanabe K, Kishida Y, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y, Morioka N. Continuous infusion of substance P into rat striatum relieves mechanical hypersensitivity caused by a partial sciatic nerve ligation via activation of striatal muscarinic receptors. Behav Brain Res 2020; 391:112714. [PMID: 32461131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that continuous substance P (SP) infusion into the rat striatum attenuated hind paw formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors and mechanical hypersensitivity via a neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor dependent mechanism. However, whether there is a role of striatal infusion of SP on chronic, neuropathic pain has yet to be demonstrated. The present study investigated the effect of continuous SP infusion into the rat striatum using a reverse microdialysis method is antinociceptive in a rat model of chronic, mononeuropathic pain. Two weeks after partial sciatic nerve injury, the ipsilateral hind paw demonstrated mechanical hypersensitivity. Infusion of SP (0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 μg/mL, 1 μL/min) for 120 min into the contralateral striatum dose-dependently relieved mechanical hypersensitivity. The antinociceptive effect of SP infusion was inhibited by co-infusion with the NK1 receptor antagonist CP96345 (10 μM). Neither ipsilateral continuous infusion nor acute microinjection of SP (10 ng) into the contralateral striatum was antinociceptive. A role of striatal muscarinic cholinergic neurons is suggested since co-infusion of SP with atropine (10 μM), but not the nicotinic receptor mecamylamine (10 μM), blocked antinociception. The current study suggests that activation of striatal muscarinic receptors through NK1 receptors could be a novel approach to managing chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Ryo Fukushige
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kohei Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yuki Kishida
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan.
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Ion Channels Involved in Substance P-Mediated Nociception and Antinociception. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071596. [PMID: 30935032 PMCID: PMC6479580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP), an 11-amino-acid neuropeptide, has long been considered an effector of pain. However, accumulating studies have proposed a paradoxical role of SP in anti-nociception. Here, we review studies of SP-mediated nociception and anti-nociception in terms of peptide features, SP-modulated ion channels, and differential effector systems underlying neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1Rs) in differential cell types to elucidate the effect of SP and further our understanding of SP in anti-nociception. Most importantly, understanding the anti-nociceptive SP-NK1R pathway would provide new insights for analgesic drug development.
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Raoof M, Soofiabadi S, Abbasnejad M, Kooshki R, Esmaeili-Mahani S, Mansoori M. Activation of orexin-1 receptors in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter (vlPAG) modulates pulpal nociception and the induction of substance P in vlPAG and trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Int Endod J 2018; 52:318-328. [PMID: 30152877 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To characterize the role of orexin-1 receptors (OX1Rs) in ventrolateral periaqueductal grey matter (vlPAG) on modulation of capsaicin-induced pulpal nociception in rats. METHODOLOGY Sixty-six adult male Wistar rats (2 months old) weighing between 230 and 260 g were used. The animals were cannulated for microinjection of drugs into the vlPAG matter. Pulpalgia was induced by intradental application of capsaicin solution (100 μg) into the incisor teeth of the rats. Ten min prior to capsaicin application, orexin-A (50, 100 and 150 pmol L-1 per rat) was administered. Orexin-A (150 pmol L-1 ) was also co-administrated with SB-334867 (40 nmol L-1 per rat), an OX1Rs antagonist; or bicuculline (1 μg per rat), a GABAA receptors antagonist. Moreover, treatment effects on the release of pro-nociceptive modulator substance P (SP) in vlPAG and trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Vc) of rats were explored using an immunofluorescence technique. One-way analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS Orexin-A dose-dependently decreased capsaicin-induced nociceptive behaviour. However, SB-334867 (40 nmol L-1 per rat) pretreatment (P < 0.05), but not bicuculline (1 μg per rat), attenuated the analgesic effect of orexin-A (150 pmol L-1 ). The level of SP was significantly increased in Vc and decreased in vlPAG of capsaicin-treated rats (P < 0.05). Capsaicin-induced changes in SP levels, however, were prohibited by orexin-A treatment (150 pmol L-1 ) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Orexin-A administration into the vlPAG was associated with an inhibitory effect on capsaicin-induced pulpal nociception and bidirectional effects on the induction of SP in vlPAG and Vc of rats. Central activation of OX1Rs is a potential therapeutic tool for pulpalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Raoof
- Endodontology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Soofiabadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Abbasnejad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - R Kooshki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - S Esmaeili-Mahani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - M Mansoori
- Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Tillmaand EG, Sweedler JV. Integrating Mass Spectrometry with Microphysiological Systems for Improved Neurochemical Studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 30148282 DOI: 10.21037/mps.2018.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems, often referred to as "organs-on-chips", are in vitro platforms designed to model the spatial, chemical, structural, and physiological elements of in vivo cellular environments. They enhance the evaluation of complex engineered biological systems and are a step between traditional cell culture and in vivo experimentation. As neurochemists and measurement scientists studying the molecules involved in intercellular communication in the nervous system, we focus here on recent advances in neuroscience using microneurological systems and their potential to interface with mass spectrometry. We discuss a number of examples - microfluidic devices, spheroid cultures, hydrogels, scaffolds, and fibers - highlighting those that would benefit from mass spectrometric technologies to obtain improved chemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Tillmaand
- Department of Chemistry, the Neuroscience Program and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, the Neuroscience Program and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Chung E, Yoon TG, Kim S, Kang M, Kim HJ, Son Y. Intravenous Administration of Substance P Attenuates Mechanical Allodynia Following Nerve Injury by Regulating Neuropathic Pain-Related Factors. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:259-265. [PMID: 27956715 PMCID: PMC5424635 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of substance P (SP) in an animal model of neuropathic pain. An experimental model of neuropathic pain, the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, was established using ICR mice. An intravenous (i.v.) injection of SP (1 nmole/kg) was administered to the mice to examine the analgesic effects of systemic SP on neuropathic pain. Behavioral testing and immunostaining was performed following treatment of the CCI model with SP. SP attenuated mechanical allodynia in a time-dependent manner, beginning at 1 h following administration, peaking at 1 day post-injection, and decaying by 3 days post-injection. The second injection of SP also increased the threshold of mechanical allodynia, with the effects peaking on day 1 and decaying by day 3. A reduction in phospho-ERK and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) accompanied the attenuation of mechanical allodynia. We have shown for the first time that i.v. administration of substance P attenuated mechanical allodynia in the maintenance phase of neuropathic pain using von Frey’s test, and simultaneously reduced levels of phospho-ERK and GFAP, which are representative biochemical markers of neuropathic pain. Importantly, glial cells in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord (L4–L5) of SP-treated CCI mice, expressed the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, which was not seen in vehicle saline-treated mice. Thus, i.v. administration of substance P may be beneficial for improving the treatment of patients with neuropathic pain, since it decreases the activity of nociceptive factors and increases the expression of anti-nociceptive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyung Chung
- BIO R&D Center, L&K BIOMED CO., LTD., Seoul 08512, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyoon Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonkyu Kang
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Dental Anesthesiology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Son
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Li X, Ge SN, Li Y, Wang HT. Neurokinin-1 Receptor-Immunopositive Neurons in the Medullary Dorsal Horn Provide Collateral Axons to both the Thalamus and Parabrachial Nucleus in Rats. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:375-388. [PMID: 28097463 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2080-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that the trigemino-thalamic and trigemino-parabrachial projection neurons in the medullary dorsal horn (MDH) are highly implicated in the sensory-discriminative and emotional/affective aspects of orofacial pain, respectively. In previous studies, some neurons were reported to send projections to both the thalamus and parabrachial nucleus by way of collaterals in the MDH. However, little is known about the chemoarchitecture of this group of neurons. Thus, in the present study, we determined whether the neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor, which is crucial for primary orofacial pain signaling, was expressed in MDH neurons co-innervating the thalamus and parabrachial nucleus. Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) mRNA, a biomarker for the subgroup of glutamatergic neurons closely related to pain sensation, was assessed in trigemino-parabrachial projection neurons in the MDH. After stereotactic injection of fluorogold (FG) and cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) into the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus (VPM) and parabrachial nucleus (PBN), respectively, triple labeling with fluorescence dyes for FG, CTB and NK-1 receptor (NK-1R) revealed that approximately 76 % of the total FG/CTB dually labeled neurons were detected as NK-1R-immunopositive, and more than 94 % of the triple-labeled neurons were distributed in lamina I. In addition, by FG retrograde tract-tracing combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for VGLUT2 mRNA, 54, 48 and 70 % of FG-labeled neurons in laminae I, II and III, respectively, of the MDH co-expressed FG and VGLUT2 mRNA. Thus, most of the MDH neurons co-innervating the thalamus and PBN were glutamatergic. Most MDH neurons providing the collateral axons to both the thalamus and parabrachial nucleus in rats were NK-1R-immunopositive and expressed VGLUT2 mRNA. NK-1R and VGLUT2 in MDH neurons may be involved in both sensory-discriminative and emotional/affective aspects of orofacial pain processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shun-Nan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Han-Tao Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Sensory Neuropeptides and Endogenous Opioids Expression in Human Dental Pulp with Asymptomatic Inflammation: In Vivo Study. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:879126. [PMID: 26538838 PMCID: PMC4619975 DOI: 10.1155/2015/879126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. This study quantified the expression of substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), β-endorphins (β-End), and methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) in human dental pulp following orthodontic intrusion. Methods. Eight patients were selected according to preestablished inclusion criteria. From each patient, two premolars (indicated for extraction due to orthodontic reasons) were randomly assigned to two different groups: the asymptomatic inflammation group (EXPg), which would undergo controlled intrusive force for seven days, and the control group (CTRg), which was used to determine the basal levels of each substance. Once extracted, dental pulp tissue was prepared to determine the expression levels of both neuropeptides and endogenous opioids by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Results. All samples from the CTRg exhibited basal levels of both neuropeptides and endogenous opioids. By day seven, all patients were asymptomatic, even when all orthodontic-intrusive devices were still active. In the EXPg, the SP and CGRP exhibited statistically significant different levels. Although none of the endogenous opioids showed statistically significant differences, they all expressed increasing trends in the EXPg. Conclusions. SP and CGRP were identified in dental pulp after seven days of controlled orthodontic intrusion movement, even in the absence of pain.
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Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on nitric oxide, substance P and pain perception. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:411-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nakamura Y, Izumi H, Fukushige R, Shimizu T, Watanabe K, Morioka N, Hama A, Takamatsu H, Nakata Y. Continuous infusion of substance P into rat striatum alleviates nociceptive behavior via phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. J Neurochem 2014; 131:755-66. [PMID: 25175638 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intraplantar injection of 0.4% formalin into the rat hind paw leads to a biphasic nociceptive response; an 'acute' phase (0-15 min) and 'tonic' phase (16-120 min), which is accompanied by significant phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 in the contralateral striatum at 120 min post-formalin injection. To uncover a possible relationship between the slow-onset substance P (SP) release and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation in the striatum, continuous infusion of SP into the striatum by reverse microdialysis (0.4 μg/mL in microdialysis fiber, 1 μL/min) was performed to mimic volume neurotransmission of SP. Continuous infusion for 3 h of SP reduced the duration of 'tonic' phase nociception, and this SP effect was mediated by neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors since pre-treatment with NK1 receptor antagonist CP96345 (10 μM) blocked the effect of SP infusion. However, formalin-induced 'tonic' phase nociception was significantly prolonged following acute injection of the MAP/ERK kinase 1/2 inhibitor PD0325901 (100 pmol) by microinjection. The coinfusion of SP and PD0325901 significantly increased the 'tonic' phase of nociception. These data demonstrate that volume transmission of striatal SP triggered by peripheral nociceptive stimulation does not lead to pain facilitation but a significant decrease of tonic nociception by the activation of the SP-NK1 receptor-ERK1/2 system. Noxious stimulation induces a slow-onset substance P (SP) release as a volume transmitter, activating extra-synaptic NK1 receptors, and evokes phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. The SP-NK1-ERK1/2 system in the striatum decreases tonic nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Mohammadi E, Tyler K, Pietra C, Bee LA, Dickenson A. Synergistic effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 and neurokinin 1 receptor antagonism in rodent models of somatic and visceral pain. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:146-52. [PMID: 25077526 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.216028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic activity has been observed between serotonergic 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) and tachykinergic neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor-mediated responses. This study investigated the efficacy of a 5-HT3 antagonist, palonosetron, and a NK1 antagonist, netupitant, alone or in combination in rodent models of somatic and visceral colonic hypersensitivity. In a rat model of experimental neuropathic pain, somatic hypersensitivity was quantified by the number of ipsilateral paw withdrawals to a von Frey filament (6g). Electrophysiologic responses were recorded in the dorsal horn neurons after mechanical or thermal stimuli. Acute colonic hypersensitivity was induced experimentally in rats by infusing dilute acetic acid (0.6%) directly into the colon. Colonic sensitivity was assessed by a visceromotor behavioral response quantified as the number of abdominal contractions in response to graded isobaric pressures (0-60 mm Hg) of colorectal distension. Palonosetron or netupitant was administered alone or in combination via oral gavage. When dosed alone, both significantly reduced somatic sensitivity, decreased the evoked response of spinal dorsal horn neurons to mechanical or thermal stimulation, and caused significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of colonic hypersensitivity in a dose-dependent manner. The combined administration of palonosetron and netupitant at doses that were ineffective alone significantly reduced both somatic and visceral sensitivity and decreased the evoked response of spinal dorsal horn neurons to mechanical or thermal stimulation. In summary, the combination of palonosetron with a NK1 receptor antagonist showed synergistic analgesic activity in rodent models of somatic and visceral hypersensitivity, and may prove to be a useful therapeutic approach to treat pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (B.G.-V.M., E.M., K.T.), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Research and Preclinical Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.A.B., A.D.)
| | - Ehsan Mohammadi
- Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (B.G.-V.M., E.M., K.T.), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Research and Preclinical Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.A.B., A.D.)
| | - Karl Tyler
- Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (B.G.-V.M., E.M., K.T.), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Research and Preclinical Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.A.B., A.D.)
| | - Claudio Pietra
- Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (B.G.-V.M., E.M., K.T.), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Research and Preclinical Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.A.B., A.D.)
| | - Lucy A Bee
- Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (B.G.-V.M., E.M., K.T.), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Research and Preclinical Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.A.B., A.D.)
| | - Anthony Dickenson
- Department of Physiology (B.G.-V.M.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center (B.G.-V.M.), Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (B.G.-V.M., E.M., K.T.), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Research and Preclinical Department, Helsinn Healthcare SA, Lugano, Switzerland (C.P.); and Department of Neuroscience, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.A.B., A.D.)
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15
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Parenti C, Marrazzo A, Aricò G, Parenti R, Pasquinucci L, Ronsisvalle S, Ronsisvalle G, Scoto GM. The antagonistic effect of the sigma 1 receptor ligand (+)-MR200 on persistent pain induced by inflammation. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:231-7. [PMID: 24316864 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The sigma 1 (σ1) receptor, which is widely distributed in the CNS in areas that are known to be important for pain control, may play a role in persistent pain characterized by the hypersensitivity of nociceptive transmission. Here, we investigated the effect of σ1 blockade in an inflammatory pain model. TREATMENT AND METHODS An intraplantar injection of carrageenan (2 %) was used to induce paw inflammation. The effects of the σ1 antagonist (+)-MR200, given subcutaneously at a dose of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5,1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg prior to injection of carrageenan, on inflammatory pain and inflammation were assessed. Mechanical allodynia with von Frey filaments, thermal hyperalgesia with the plantar test and edema evaluation with a plethysmometer were measured. Intergroup comparisons were assessed by one- or two-way analysis of variance when appropriate, followed by post-hoc tests (Dunnett's test for one-way or Bonferroni for two-way ANOVA). RESULTS (+)-MR200 dose-dependently prevented allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan. Furthermore, it reduced paw edema with a significant inhibition percentage of 37.82 % at 3 h after carrageenan treatment. CONCLUSIONS The blockade of the σ1 receptor with the selective antagonist (+)-MR200 may contribute to the suppression of the typical symptoms of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Parenti
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125, Catania, Italy
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16
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Wiese AJ, Rathbun M, Butt MT, Malkmus SA, Richter PJ, Osborn KG, Xu Q, Veesart SL, Steinauer JJ, Higgins D, Lappi DA, Russell B, Yaksh TL. Intrathecal substance P-saporin in the dog: distribution, safety, and spinal neurokinin-1 receptor ablation. Anesthesiology 2013; 119:1163-77. [PMID: 24051388 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e3182a95164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurokinin-1 receptors (NK1-rs) located on superficial dorsal horn neurons are essential for integration of nociceptive input. Intrathecal injection of substance P-saporin (SP-SAP) leads to local loss of spinal NK1-r (+) neurons suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for chronic pain. The authors determined, in a canine model, effects of lumbar intrathecal SP-SAP. METHODS Distribution of SP-SAP and Saporin was determined in plasma, lumbar cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue. Safety of intrathecal SP-SAP was determined in four groups (six dogs each) administered 0 (0.9% saline), 1.5, 15, or 150 µg SP-SAP through lumbar intrathecal catheters. Behavioral, physiologic, and biochemical variables were assessed. Spinal tissues were collected at 7 and approximately 90 days, or earlier if significant morbidity developed, and analyzed for NK1-r (+) neuron loss and histopathology. RESULTS SP-SAP and Saporin were detectable in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid for up to 4 and 24 h, respectively. Animals receiving intrathecal saline, 1.5, or 15 µg of SP-SAP showed no persistent neurologic deficits. Three animals receiving 150 µg of SP-SAP developed pelvic limb paraparesis and were euthanized prematurely. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization cell counts confirmed a significant reduction in NK1-r (+) in superficial dorsal horn neurons from lumbar spinal cord after intrathecal administration of 15 and 150 µg of SP-SAP. A significant loss of NK1-r neurons in the lumbar ventral horn occurred only with 150-µg SP-SAP. CONCLUSION Intrathecal 15-µg SP-SAP reduced dorsal, but not ventral, NK1-r (+) neurons at the spinal level of delivery with minimal side effects, whereas 150-µg SP-SAP resulted in motor neuron toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J Wiese
- * Research Fellow, † Staff Research Associate, # Postdoctoral Fellow, §§ Professor of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, California. ‡ President, Tox Path Specialists, LLC, Frederick, Maryland. § Director, Campus Veterinary Medicine, ‖ Associate Director, Diagnostic Laboratory, Office of Animal Research, University of California. ** Vice President, †† President/CSO, ‡‡ Research Scientist, Advanced Targeting Systems, San Diego, California
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17
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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19
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Pérez CT, Hill RH, Grillner S. Modulation of calcium currents and membrane properties by substance P in the lamprey spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 2013; 110:286-96. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.01006.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P is endogenously released within the locomotor network of the adult lamprey, accelerates the burst frequency of fictive locomotion, and reduces the reciprocal inhibition. Previous studies have shown that dopamine, serotonin, and GABA regulate calcium channels, which control neurotransmitter release, action potential duration, and slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP). Here we examine the effect of substance P on calcium channels in motoneurons and commissural interneurons using whole cell patch clamp in the lamprey spinal cord. This study analyzed the effects of substance P on calcium currents activated in voltage clamp. We examined the calcium-dependent sAHP in current clamp, to determine the involvement of three calcium channel subtypes modulated by substance P. The effects of substance P on membrane potential and during N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) induced oscillations were also analyzed. Depolarizing voltage steps induced inward calcium currents. Substance P reduced the currents carried by calcium by 61% in commissural interneurons and by 31% in motoneurons. Using specific calcium channel antagonists, we show that substance P reduces the sAHP primarily by inhibiting N-type (CaV2.2) channels. Substance P depolarized both motoneurons and commissural interneurons, and we present evidence that this occurs due to an increased input resistance. We also explored the effects of substance P on NMDA-induced oscillations in tetrodotoxin and found it caused a frequency increase. Thus the reduction of calcium entry by substance P and the accompanying decrease of the sAHP amplitude, combined with substance P potentiation of currents activated by NMDA, may both contribute to the increase in fictive locomotion frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Thörn Pérez
- Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Russell H. Hill
- Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Grillner
- Nobel Institute for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Parenti C, Turnaturi R, Aricò G, Gramowski-Voss A, Schroeder OHU, Marrazzo A, Prezzavento O, Ronsisvalle S, Scoto GM, Ronsisvalle G, Pasquinucci L. The multitarget opioid ligand LP1's effects in persistent pain and in primary cell neuronal cultures. Neuropharmacology 2013; 71:70-82. [PMID: 23541722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Persistent pain states, such as those caused by nerve injury or inflammation, are associated with altered sensations, allodynia and hyperalgesia, that are resistant to traditional analgesics. A contribution to development and maintenance in altered pain perception comes from nociceptive processing and descending modulation from supraspinal sites. A multitarget ligand seems to be useful for pain relief with a decreased risk of adverse events and a considerable analgesic efficacy. The multitarget MOR agonist-DOR antagonist LP1, (3-[(2R,6R,11R)-8-hydroxy-6,11-dimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2,6-methano-3-benazocin-3(2H)-yl]-N-phenylpropanamide, is a central acting antinociceptive agent with low potential to induce tolerance. LP1 was tested in models of neuropathic pain - induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the left sciatic nerve - and inflammatory pain - produced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan. In CCI rats, subcutaneous (s.c.) LP1 (3 mg/kg) showed a significant antiallodynic effect, measured with von Frey filaments, and antihyperalgesic effect, evoked in response to a radiant heat stimulus with plantar test. Analogously, LP1 significantly reduced allodynic and hyperalgesic thresholds in a model of inflammatory pain induced by carrageenan. To evaluate the contribution of opioid receptor subtypes in LP1 antinociceptive effects, the multitarget LP1 profile was assessed using selective opioid antagonists. Moreover, functional electrophysiological in vitro assays, using primary cortical and spinal cord networks, allowed to define the "pharmacological fingerprint" of LP1. The EC₅₀ values in this functional screening seem to confirm LP1 as a potent opioid ligand (EC₅₀ = 0.35 fM and EC₅₀ = 44 pM in spinal cord and frontal cortex, respectively). Using a NeuroProof data-base of well characterised reference compounds, a similarity profile of LP1 to opioid and non-opioid drugs involved in pain modulation was detected. Our studies seem to support that multitarget ligand approach should be useful for persistent pain conditions in which mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia are significant components of the nociceptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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21
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Jarcho JM, Feier NA, Bert A, Labus JA, Lee M, Stains J, Ebrat B, Groman SM, Tillisch K, Brody AL, London ED, Mandelkern MA, Mayer EA. Diminished neurokinin-1 receptor availability in patients with two forms of chronic visceral pain. Pain 2013; 154:987-96. [PMID: 23582152 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Central sensitization and dysregulation of peripheral substance P and neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) signaling are associated with chronic abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although positron emission tomography (PET) has demonstrated that patients with injury-related chronic pain have diminished NK-1R availability in the brain, it is unknown whether these deficits are present in IBD and IBS patients, who have etiologically distinct forms of non-injury-related chronic pain. This study's aim was to determine if patients with IBD or IBS exhibit deficits in brain expression of NK-1Rs relative to healthy controls (HCs), the extent to which expression patterns differ across patient populations, and if these patterns differentially relate to clinical parameters. PET with [(18)F]SPA-RQ was used to measure NK-1R availability by quantifying binding potential (BP) in the 3 groups. Exploratory correlation analyses were performed to detect associations between NK-1R BP and physical symptoms. Compared to HCs, IBD patients had NK-1R BP deficits across a widespread network of cortical and subcortical regions. IBS patients had similar, but less pronounced deficits. BP in a subset of these regions was robustly related to discrete clinical parameters in each patient population. Widespread deficits in NK-1R BP occur in IBD and, to a lesser extent, IBS; however, discrete clinical parameters relate to NK-1R BP in each patient population. This suggests that potential pharmacological interventions that target NK-1R signaling may be most effective for treating distinct symptoms in IBD and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Jarcho
- Section on Developmental and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Brancati SB, Zádori ZS, Németh J, Gyires K. Substance P induces gastric mucosal protection at supraspinal level via increasing the level of endomorphin-2 in rats. Brain Res Bull 2013; 91:38-45. [PMID: 23328537 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the potential role of substance P (SP) in gastric mucosal defense and to clarify the receptors and mechanisms that may be involved in it. Gastric ulceration was induced by oral administration of acidified ethanol in male Wistar rats. Mucosal levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and somatostatin were determined by radioimmunoassay. For analysis of gastric motor activity the rubber balloon method was used. We found that central (intracerebroventricular) injection of SP (9.3-74 pmol) dose-dependently inhibited the formation of ethanol-induced ulcers, while intravenously injected SP (0.37-7.4 nmol/kg) had no effect. The mucosal protective effect of SP was inhibited by pretreatment with neurokinin 1-, neurokinin 2-, neurokinin 3- and μ-opioid receptor antagonists, while δ- and κ-opioid receptor antagonists had no effect. Endomorphin-2 antiserum also antagonized the SP-induced mucosal protection. In the gastroprotective dose range SP failed to influence the gastric motor activity. Inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, or the synthesis of nitric oxide or prostaglandins significantly reduced the effect of SP. In addition, centrally injected SP reversed the ethanol-induced reduction of gastric mucosal CGRP content. It can be concluded, that SP may induce gastric mucosal protection initiated centrally. Its protective effect is likely to be mediated by endomorphin-2, and vagal nerve may convey the centrally initiated protection to the periphery, where both prostaglandins, nitric oxide and CGRP are involved in mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena B Brancati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - Pharmacology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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23
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Nakamura Y, Izumi H, Shimizu T, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Morioka N, Nakata Y. Volume Transmission of Substance P in Striatum Induced by Intraplantar Formalin Injection Attenuates Nociceptive Responses via Activation of the Neurokinin 1 Receptor. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 121:257-71. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12218fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Gui Q, Xu C, Zhuang L, Xia S, Chen Y, Peng P, Yu S. A new rat model of bone cancer pain produced by rat breast cancer cells implantation of the shaft of femur at the third trochanter level. Cancer Biol Ther 2012; 14:193-9. [PMID: 23254954 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone cancer pain remains one of the most challenging cancer pains to fully control. In order to clarify bone cancer pain mechanisms and examine treatments, animal models mimicking the human condition are required. In our model of Walker 256 tumor cells implantation of the shaft of femur at the third trochanter level, the anatomical structure is relatively simple and the drilled hole is vertical and in the cortical bone only 1-2 mm in depth without injury of the distal femur. Pain behaviors and tumor growth were observed for 21 days. And neurochemical changes were further investigated in this model. The results showed that cancer-bearing rats demonstrated a decreased limb use score from day 14, an increased spontaneous flinching and guarding times from day 7 and a decreased withdrawal threshold from day 6. The tumor infiltration of bone was monitored by MRI and further verified by histological examination. C-fos and the capsaicin receptor (TRPV1) positive neurons were more expressed in cancer-bearing rats and the substance P expression has no difference, suggesting that neurons were activated in the model. Our animal model demonstrated time-dependent tumor growth and pain behaviors and will be a novel animal model of bone cancer pain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Gui
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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