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Liraglutide Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Inhibition of Necroptosis by Activating GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt Pathway. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:161-175. [PMID: 36934206 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-023-09789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Necroptosis is a crucial programmed cell death that is tightly associated with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Liraglutide is an effective option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and has recently been reported to exert cardioprotective effects on MI/RI. Researchers do not know whether the cardioprotective effect of liraglutide is involved in regulating necroptosis. This study aimed to explore the effect of liraglutide on MI/RI-induced necroptosis and its potential mechanisms. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was performed on H9c2 cells in vitro to simulate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and an MI/RI rat model was established in vivo by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. H/R or I/R damage was assessed by performing biochemical assay, Hoechst 33342/PI staining, H&E (hematoxylin and eosin) staining, and Annexin-V/PI staining. Our data revealed that liraglutide resulted in markedly increased cell viability and reduced cardiac enzyme release by protecting cardiomyocytes from a necrosis-like phenotype after H/R. The myocardial infarct size and cardiac enzyme release were reduced in the heart tissues from the liraglutide-treated group. The levels of necroptosis-associated proteins (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), p-RIPK3, and phosphorylated-mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (p-MLKL)) were also reduced by the liraglutide treatment. Mechanistically, we revealed that liraglutide exerted cardioprotective effects through a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-dependent pathway. Both the GLP-1R inhibitor exendin (9-39) and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abrogated the protective effects of liraglutide in vitro. We found that liraglutide may attenuate MI/RI by inhibiting necroptosis, in part by enhancing the activity of the GLP-1R/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Zhao Z, Deng X, Jia J, Zhao L, Wang C, Cai Z, Guo C, Yang L, Wang D, Ma S, Deng J, Li H, Zhou L, Tu Z, Yuan G. Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (betatrophin) inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in diabetic mice. Metabolism 2022; 126:154921. [PMID: 34715116 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is a 198 amino-acid long, novel secreted protein that is mainly expressed in the liver and brown adipose tissues. At present, evidence supporting the involvement of ANGPTL8 in the regulation of glucose metabolism is inconclusive, along with its function in the liver. Previous studies mainly focused on the effect of ANGPTL8 on glucose metabolism in non-diabetic mice, and few relevant studies in diabetic mice exist. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of ANGPTL8 on glucose homeostasis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in diabetic mice. METHODS db/db diabetic and high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were injected with adenovirus expressing ANGPTL8 through the tail vein. Blood glucose levels were measured and glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance tests were performed. To explore the molecular mechanism by which ANGPTL8 regulates hepatic glucose metabolism and manipulate mouse ANGPTL8 expression levels both in vivo and in vitro based on adenoviral transduction, gain- and loss-of-function strategies were adopted. RESULTS Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ANGPTL8 decreased fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in db/db and high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. ANGPTL8 knockdown yielded the opposite effects. ANGPTL8 was upregulated in the cAMP/Dex-induced hepatocyte gluconeogenesis model. Moreover, ANGPTL8 overexpression in primary hepatocytes and diabetic mouse livers inhibited the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes, including PEPCK and G6PC, by activating the AKT signaling pathway and, thereby, reducing glucose production. Therefore, the results demonstrated that ANGPTL8 improved glucose metabolism via inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Current findings highlight a critical role of hepatic ANGPTL8 in glucose homeostasis, suggesting that increased ANGPTL8 expression could be an underlying factor for the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, which could be targeted for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Jue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Zhensheng Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Suxian Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China
| | - Jialiang Deng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Haoxiang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212031, China.
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Bai C, Wang Y, Niu Z, Guan Y, Huang J, Nian X, Zuo F, Zhao J, Kazumi T, Wu B. Exenatide improves hepatocyte insulin resistance induced by different regional adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1012904. [PMID: 36246878 PMCID: PMC9558273 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1012904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is resulted from energy surplus and is characterized by abnormal adipose tissue accumulation and/or distribution. Adipokines secreted by different regional adipose tissue can induce changes in key proteins of the insulin signaling pathway in hepatocytes and result in impaired hepatic glucose metabolism. This study aimed to investigate whether exenatide affects key proteins of IRS2/PI3K/Akt2 signaling pathway in hepatocytes altered by the different regional fat depots. Six non-obese patients without endocrine diseases were selected as the research subjects. Their subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)were co-cultured with HepG2 cells in the transwell chamber. In the presence or absence of exenatide, adipokines content in the supernatant of each experimental group was detected by ELISA. In addition, HepG2 cells in each co-culture group with and without insulin were collected, and the expression of key proteins IRS2, p-IRS2(S731), PI3K-p85, Akt2, and p-Akt2(S473) was detected by western blotting (WB). The results showed that the adipokines IL-8, MCP-1, VEGF, and sTNFR2 in the supernatant of HepG2 cells induced by different regional adipose tissue were significantly higher than those in the HepG2 group, and VAT released more adipokines than SAT. Furthermore, these adipokines were significantly inhibited by exenatide. Importantly, the different regional fat depot affects the IRS2/PI3K/Akt2 insulin signaling pathway of hepatocytes. Exenatide can up-regulate the expression of hepatocyte proteins IRS2, PI3K-p85, p-Akt2(S731) inhibited by adipose tissue, and down-regulate the expression of hepatocyte proteins p-IRS2(S731) promoted by adipose tissue. The effect of VAT on the expression of these key proteins in hepatocytes is more significant than that of SAT. But there was no statistical difference in the expression of Akt2 protein among each experimental group, suggesting that exenatide has no influence on the expression of Akt2 protein in hepatocytes. In conclusion, exenatide may improve hepatic insulin resistance (IR) by inhibiting adipokines and regulating the expression of key proteins in the IRS2/PI3K/Akt2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmin Bai
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi Niu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yaxin Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingshan Huang
- School of Computing, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, United States
| | - Xin Nian
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Zuo
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle−Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Bin Wu,
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Abstract
ANGPTL8 is an important cytokine, which is significantly increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and metabolic syndrome. Many studies have shown that ANGPTL8 can be used as a bio-marker of these metabolic disorders related diseases, and the baseline ANGPTL8 level has also been found to be positively correlated with retinopathy and all-cause mortality in patients with T2DM. This may be related to the inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity and the reduction of circulating triglyceride (TG) clearance by ANGPTL8. Consistently, inhibition of ANGPTL8 seems to prevent or improve atherosclerosis. However, it is puzzling that ANGPTL8 seems to have a directing function for TG uptake in peripheral tissues; that is, ANGPTL8 specifically enhances the reserve and buffering function of white adipose tissue, which may alleviate the ectopic lipid accumulation to a certain extent. Furthermore, ANGPTL8 can improve insulin sensitivity and inhibit hepatic glucose production. These contradictory results lead to different opinions on the role of ANGPTL8 in metabolic disorders. In this paper, the correlation between ANGPTL8 and metabolic diseases, the regulation of ANGPTL8 and the physiological role of ANGPTL8 in the process of glucose and lipid metabolism were summarized, and the physiological/pathological significance of ANGPTL8 in the process of metabolic disorder was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 438 Jiefang Road, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Navaeian M, Asadian S, Ahmadpour Yazdi H, Gheibi N. ANGPTL8 roles in proliferation, metabolic diseases, hypothyroidism, polycystic ovary syndrome, and signaling pathways. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3719-3731. [PMID: 33864588 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new and atypical member of the ANGPTL family is angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8). This newly discovered hormone is a drug target that can be used to treat diabetes and dyslipidemia. The protein, as a hepatocyte-derived circulating factor, can control the triglyceride level of plasma. ANGPTL8 is significantly associated with inflammation and metabolic syndrome consequences such as obesity, diabetes, hypothyroidism, and PCOS. ANGPTL8 gene has four exons encoding a 22/5 kDa weight of 198 amino acid polypeptides. A highly preserved ANGPTL8 gene among mammals exhibits the essential hormone functions of ANGPTL8. Nevertheless, the physiological function of this hormone in the body is poorly understood. Studies published in PubMed (2008-2020), Google Scholar (2004-2020), and Scopus (2004-2020) databases of clinical trials were reviewed. This analysis is aimed at collecting information on ANGPTL8. The emphasis of this review was on gathering information about the role of ANGPTL8 in the metabolism of glucose and lipids and cell proliferation. It addition to the different roles of ANGPTL8 in diabetes and lipid metabolism, this review emphasized on the protein role in signaling pathways. The study also proposes the signaling pathways that may be considered as a new target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Navaeian
- Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Samieh Asadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hossein Ahmadpour Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Lightbourne M, Wolska A, Abel BS, Rother KI, Walter M, Kushchayeva Y, Auh S, Shamburek RD, Remaley AT, Muniyappa R, Brown RJ. Apolipoprotein CIII and Angiopoietin-like Protein 8 are Elevated in Lipodystrophy and Decrease after Metreleptin. J Endocr Soc 2020; 5:bvaa191. [PMID: 33442570 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Context Lipodystrophy syndromes cause hypertriglyceridemia that improves with leptin treatment using metreleptin. Mechanisms causing hypertriglyceridemia and improvements after metreleptin are incompletely understood. Objective Determine relationship of circulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) modulators with hypertriglyceridemia in healthy controls and in patients with lipodystrophy before and after metreleptin. Methods Cross-sectional comparison of patients with lipodystrophy (generalized lipodystrophy n = 3; partial lipodystrophy n = 11) vs age/sex-matched healthy controls (n = 28), and longitudinal analyses in patients before and after 2 weeks and 6 months of metreleptin. The study was carried out at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. Outcomes were LPL stimulators apolipoprotein (apo) C-II and apoA-V and inhibitors apoC-III and angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) 3, 4, and 8; ex vivo activation of LPL by plasma. Results Patients with lipodystrophy were hypertriglyceridemic and had higher levels of all LPL stimulators and inhibitors vs controls except for ANGPTL4, with >300-fold higher ANGPTL8, 4-fold higher apoC-III, 3.5-fold higher apoC-II, 1.9-fold higher apoA-V, 1.6-fold higher ANGPTL3 (P < .05 for all). At baseline, all LPL modulators except ANGPLT4 positively correlated with triglycerides. Metreleptin decreased apoC-II and apoC-III after 2 weeks and 6 months, and decreased ANGPTL8 after 6 months (P < 0.05 for all). Plasma from patients with lipodystrophy caused higher ex vivo LPL activation vs hypertriglyceridemic control plasma (P < .0001), which did not change after metreleptin. Conclusion Elevations in LPL inhibitors apoC-III and ANGPTL8 may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in lipodystrophy, and may mediate reductions in circulating and hepatic triglycerides after metreleptin. These therefore are strong candidates for therapies to lower triglycerides in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Lightbourne
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Wolska
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brent S Abel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristina I Rother
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Walter
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Kushchayeva
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sungyoung Auh
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert D Shamburek
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, Translational Vascular Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ranganath Muniyappa
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Abu-Farha M, Ghosh A, Al-Khairi I, Madiraju SRM, Abubaker J, Prentki M. The multi-faces of Angptl8 in health and disease: Novel functions beyond lipoprotein lipase modulation. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101067. [PMID: 33011191 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) family members, mainly ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8, are physiological inhibitors of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and play a critical role in lipoprotein and triglyceride metabolism in response to nutritional cues. ANGPTL8 has been described by different names in various studies and has been ascribed various functions at the systemic and cellular levels. Circulating ANGPTL8 originates mainly from the liver and to a smaller extent from adipose tissues. In the blood, ANGPTL8 forms a complex with ANGPTL3 or ANGPTL4 to inhibit LPL in fed or fasted conditions, respectively. Evidence is emerging for additional intracellular and receptor-mediated functions of ANGPTL8, with implications in NFκB mediated inflammation, autophagy, adipogenesis, intra-cellular lipolysis and regulation of circadian clock. Elevated levels of plasma ANGPTL8 are associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension and NAFLD/NASH, even though the precise relationship is not known. Whether ANGPTL8 has direct pathogenic role in these diseases, remains to be explored. In this review, we develop a balanced view on the proposed association of this protein in the regulation of several pathophysiological processes. We also discuss the well-established functions of ANGPTL8 in lipoprotein metabolism in conjunction with the emerging novel extracellular and intracellular roles of ANGPTL8 and the implicated metabolic and signalling pathways. Understanding the diverse functions of ANGPTL8 in various tissues and metabolic states should unveil new opportunities of therapeutic intervention for cardiometabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Al-Khairi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - S R Murthy Madiraju
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jehad Abubaker
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait..
| | - Marc Prentki
- Departments of Nutrition, Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, and Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Leutner M, Matzhold C, Bellach L, Deischinger C, Thurner S, Klimek P, Kautzky-Willer A. Betatrophin is downregulated in pregnant women with a history of RYGB operation and a high risk of postprandial hypoglycaemia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13152. [PMID: 32753693 PMCID: PMC7403341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Betatrophin is a liver and adipose tissue-derived protein which has recently been linked to glucose metabolism. So far, no data exist about the role of betatrophin in pregnant women with a history of Roux-En-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) operation with a high risk of postprandial hypoglycaemia. In this prospective clinical study, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were performed between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy and 3–6 months post-partum in a cohort of obese and normal-weight pregnant women, as well as in women with a history of RYGB operation. In the cohort of pregnant women with RYGB and exaggerated risk of postprandial hypoglycaemic events, basal and dynamic betatrophin levels during the OGTT were lower than in the obese or normal-weight pregnant women (basal levels: 13.66 ± 5.88 vs. 19.03 ± 4.15 vs. 15.68 ± 6.48, p = 0.016; OGTT 60′: 13.33 ± 5.40 vs. 17.37 ± 3.16 vs. 15.84 ± 4.99, p = 0.030). During the OGTT, basal and dynamic betatrophin levels at 60′ were positively associated with glucose levels at 60 min (r = 0.55, p = 0.01 and r = 0.45, p = 0.039). This positive association was followed by significant hypoglycaemic events in the RYGB group. It was only in the RYGB group that betatrophin was negatively related to the disposition index (rho = -0.53, p = 0.014). After pregnancy there was a decrease in basal and stimulated betatrophin levels during the OGTT in all three patient groups. In comparison to normal-weight and obese pregnant women, women with a history of RYGB operation and a high risk of postprandial hypoglycaemic events have lower levels of betatrophin. This indicate a mechanistic role in order to decrease the risk of postprandial hypoglycaemia in this specific cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leutner
- Unit of Gender Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caspar Matzhold
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, CeMSIIS, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luise Bellach
- Unit of Gender Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carola Deischinger
- Unit of Gender Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Thurner
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, CeMSIIS, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria.,Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 85701, USA.,IIASA, Schlossplatz 1, 2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Peter Klimek
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, CeMSIIS, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Unit of Gender Medicine, Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Gender Institute, 3571, Gars am Kamp, Austria.
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Zou H, Xu Y, Chen X, Yin P, Li D, Li W, Xie J, Shao S, Liu L, Yu X. Predictive values of ANGPTL8 on risk of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients: results from the REACTION Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:121. [PMID: 32746907 PMCID: PMC7398345 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8), an important regulator of lipid metabolism, is increased in diabetes and is associated with insulin resistance. However, the role of ANGPTL8 in the outcomes of diabetic patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate circulating levels of ANGPTL8 in participants with and without diabetes and its potential associations with clinical outcomes in a 5 year cohort study. Methods Propensity-matched cohorts of subjects with and without diabetes from the Risk Evaluation of Cancers in Chinese Diabetic Individuals: A longitudinal (REACTION) study were generated on the basis of age, sex and body mass index at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. The secondary outcomes were a composite of new-onset major adverse cardiovascular events, hospitalization for heart failure, and renal dysfunction (eGFR < 60/min/1.73 m2). Results We identified 769 matched pairs of diabetic patients and control subjects. Serum ANGPTL8 levels were elevated in patients with diabetes compared to control subjects (618.82 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\pm$$\end{document}± 299.54 pg/mL, p = 0.03). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that elevated ANGPTL8 levels were associated with greater risk ratios (RRs) of death (RR in quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, 3.54; 95% CI 1.32–9.50) and renal dysfunction (RR in quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, 12.43; 95% CI 1.48–104.81) only in diabetic patients. Multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses revealed a significant, linear relationship between ANGPTL8 and all-cause mortality in diabetic patients (p for nonlinear trend = 0.99, p for linear trend = 0.01) but not in control subjects (p for nonlinear trend = 0.26, p for linear trend = 0.80). According to ROC curve analysis, the inclusion of ANGPTL8 in QFrailty score significantly improved its predictive performance for mortality in patients with diabetes. Conclusion Serum ANGPTL8 levels were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality and could be used as a potential biomarker for the prediction of death in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajie Zou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yongping Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danpei Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Computer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junhui Xie
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shiying Shao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liegang Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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10
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ANGPTL8 enhances insulin sensitivity by directly activating insulin-mediated AKT phosphorylation. Gene 2020; 749:144707. [PMID: 32344005 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ANGPTL8 is a 22-KDa protein in the angiopoietin-like family. It is a liver-derived hormone that dynamically regulates glucose metabolism after refeeding. The mechanism of its regulation of glucose metabolism is unclear. We analyzed the effect of ANGPTL8 overexpression on glucose tolerance in the mouse liver by tail vein hydrodynamic transfection. The mechanism of ANGPTL8 improving insulin sensitivity was analyzed by the overexpression or knockdown of ANGPTL8 in mouse primary hepatocytes through in vitro synthetic mRNA and siRNA technology. The key site of ANGPTL8 protein regulating this signal pathway was screened by DNA point mutation and fragment truncation. The results showed that ANGPTL8 may directly regulate AKT protein phosphorylation in the insulin-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to improve insulin sensitivity. Ser94 and Thr98 are the key sites of ANGPTL8 protein in activating AKT protein phosphorylation. Present results indicate that ANGPTL8 may be a potential new agent to reduce postprandial blood glucose.
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11
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Yang M, Ma X, Xuan X, Deng H, Chen Q, Yuan L. Liraglutide Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice by Regulating the Local Renin-Angiotensin System. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:432. [PMID: 32322207 PMCID: PMC7156971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and represents a potential therapeutic target for NAFLD. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signaling has been shown to regulate the RAS within various local tissues. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional relationship between GLP-1 and the local RAS in the liver during NAFLD. Wild-type and ACE2 knockout mice were used to establish a high-fat-induced NAFLD model. After the mice were treated with liraglutide (a GLP-1 analogue) for 4 weeks, the key RAS component genes were up-regulated in the liver of NAFLD mice. Liraglutide treatment regulated the RAS balance, preventing a reduction in fatty acid oxidation gene expression and increasing gluconeogenesis and the expression of inflammation-related genes caused by NAFLD, which were impaired in ACE2 knockout mice. Liraglutide-treated HepG2 cells exhibited activation of the ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas axis, increased fatty acid oxidation gene expression, and decreased inflammation, which could be reversed by A779 and AngII. These results indicate that the local RAS in the liver becomes overactivated in response to NAFLD. Moreover, ACE2 knockout increases the severity of liver steatosis. Liraglutide has a negative and antagonistic effect on the ACE/AngII/AT1R axis, a positive impact on the ACE2/Ang1-7/Mas axis, and is mediated through the PI3K/AKT pathway. This may represent a potential new mechanism by which liraglutide improves NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyi Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiuping Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Guo C, Zhao Z, Deng X, Chen Z, Tu Z, Yuan G. Regulation of angiopoietin-like protein 8 expression under different nutritional and metabolic status. Endocr J 2019; 66:1039-1046. [PMID: 31631098 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej19-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8), a member of the angiopoietin-like protein family, is involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis and believed to be associated with T2DM. Expression levels of ANGPTL8 are often significantly altered in metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus. Studies have shown that ANGPTL8, together with other members of this protein family, such as angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), regulates the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), thereby participating in the regulation of triglyceride related lipoproteins (TRLs). In addition, members of the angiopoietin-like protein family are varyingly expressed among different tissues and respond differently under diverse nutritional and metabolic status. These findings may provide new options for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, metabolic syndromes and other diseases. In this review, the interaction between ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL3 or ANGPTL4, and the differential expression of ANGPTL8 responding to different nutritional and metabolic status during the regulation of LPL activity were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Xia Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Zian Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
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13
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Kermanizadeh A, Powell LG, Stone V, Møller P. Nanodelivery systems and stabilized solid-drug nanoparticles for orally administered medicine: current landscape. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:7575-7605. [PMID: 30510419 PMCID: PMC6248225 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s177418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles as a means of targeted delivery of therapeutics and imaging agents could greatly enhance the transport of biologically active contents to specific target tissues, while avoiding or reducing potentially undesired side effects. Generally speaking, the oral route of administration is associated with good patient compliance, as it is convenient, economical, noninvasive, and does not require special training. Here, we review the progress of the utilization of nanodelivery-system carriers or stabilized solid-drug nanoparticles following oral administration, with particular attention on toxicological data. Mechanisms of cytotoxicity are discussed and the problem of extrapolating knowledge to human scenarios highlighted. Additionally, issues associated with administration of drugs via the oral route are underlined, while strategies utilized to overcome these are highlighted. This review aims to offer a balanced overview of strategies currently being used in the application of nanosize constructs for oral medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kermanizadeh
- NanoSafety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK, .,Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,
| | - Leagh G Powell
- NanoSafety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
| | - Vicki Stone
- NanoSafety Research Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK,
| | - Peter Møller
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark,
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