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Su Y, Wang W, Dai Y, Qi R, Gu H, Guo X, Liu X, Ren Y, Li F, Li B, Sun H. JH degradation pathway participates in hormonal regulation of larval development of Bombyx mori following λ-cyhalothrin exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140871. [PMID: 38056714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
λ-Cyhalothrin (λ-cyh), a widely utilized pyrethroid insecticide, poses serious threats to non-target organisms due to its persistence nature in the environment. Exposure to low concentrations of λ-cyh has been observed to result in prolonged larval development in Bombyx mori, leading to substantial financial losses in sericulture. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for prolonged development caused by λ-cyh (LC10) exposure. The results showed that the JH Ⅲ titer was significantly increased at 24 h of λ-cyh exposure, and the JH interacting genes Methoprene-tolerant 2, Steroid Receptor Co-activator, Krüppel-homolog 1, and JH binding proteins were also up-regulated. Although the target of rapamycin (Tor) genes were induced by λ-cyh, the biosynthesis of JH in the corpora allata was not promoted. Notably, 13 JH degradation genes were found to be significantly down-regulated in the midgut of B. mori. The mRNA levels and enzyme activity assays indicated that λ-cyh had inhibitory effects on JH esterase, JH epoxide hydrolase, and JH diol kinase (JHDK). Furthermore, the suppression of JHDK (KWMTBOMO01580) was further confirmed by both western blot and immunohistochemistry. This study has offered a comprehensive perspective on the mechanisms underlying the prolonged development caused by insecticides, and our results also hold significant implications for the safe production of sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Wanwan Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yixin Dai
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Ruinan Qi
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Haoyi Gu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiqian Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Yuying Ren
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Fanchi Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
| | - Haina Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China.
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Keyes-Scott NI, Swade KR, Allen LR, Vogel KJ. RNAi-mediated knockdown of two orphan G protein-coupled receptors reduces fecundity in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1197945. [PMID: 38469499 PMCID: PMC10926455 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1197945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) control numerous physiological processes in insects, including reproduction. While many GPCRs have known ligands, orphan GPCRs do not have identified ligands in which they bind. Advances in genomic sequencing and phylogenetics provide the ability to compare orphan receptor protein sequences to sequences of characterized GPCRs, and thus gain a better understanding of the potential functions of orphan GPCRs. Our study sought to investigate the functions of two orphan GPCRs, AAEL003647 and AAEL019988, in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. From our phylogenetic investigation, we found that AAEL003647 is orthologous to the SIFamide-2/SMYamide receptor. We also found that AAEL019988 is orthologous to the Trapped in endoderm (Tre1) receptor of Drosophila melanogaster. Next, we conducted a tissue-specific expression analysis and found that both receptors had highest expression in the ovaries, suggesting they may be important for reproduction. We then used RNA interference (RNAi) to knock down both genes and found a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid per individual female mosquito, suggesting both receptors are important for Ae. aegypti reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin J. Vogel
- Department of Entomology, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Attarianfar M, Mikani A, Mehrabadi M. Fenoxycarb exposure affects antiviral immunity and HaNPV infection in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1078-1085. [PMID: 36424349 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of insect growth regulators (IGR) is a good option for insect pest management because of their fewer adverse effects on humans and domestic animals. These compounds are capable of interfering with normal growth and development by mimicking the actions of hormones such as juvenile hormone (JH) or ecdysone. The effect of JH and its analogs on some aspects of insect immunity has been determined, yet their possible effects on antiviral immunity response has not been investigated yet. Considering the importance of antiviral response in viral replication, in this study the effects of the JH analog (JHA), fenoxycarb on the antiviral immunity pathway core genes [i.e. micro (mi)RNA, small interfering (si)RNA and apoptosis] of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) larvae were investigated. The effect of fenoxycarb on the susceptibility of the larvae to H. armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HaNPV) also was assessed. RESULTS The results showed that the transcription level of miRNA (Dicer1, Ago1), siRNA (Dicer2, Ago2) and apoptosis (Caspase1, Caspase5) core genes in H. armigera larvae were decreased significantly after 24, 48 and 96 h feeding on a diet containing lethal and sublethal doses of fenoxycarb. Moreover, the mortality rate to HaNPV in the larvae treated with fenoxycarb increased compared to the control, leading to an increased replication of HaNPV. CONCLUSION Together, our results suggest that the antiviral immune system could be modulated by JHA and facilitate HaNPV replication in the larvae, increasing the mortality rate of the insect larvae. Understanding the effect of JHA on antiviral immunity is an important step toward the process of exploiting JHAs and viral pathogens to control insect pests. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Attarianfar
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Mikani
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehrabadi
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Lv H, Ling S, Guo Z, Zheng C, Ma H, Li J, Ma K. Effects of lufenuron treatments on the growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109499. [PMID: 36336329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Lufenuron is an effective benzoylurea insecticide that inhibits the synthesis of chitin and regulates the growth of insects. However, little is known about the effects of lufenuron treatment on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith). In this study, we assessed the toxicity of lufenuron on S. frugiperda and evaluated the effects of lufenuron treatment on the growth and development of S. frugiperda. The results showed that lufenuron exhibits high insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda, with the LC50 value of 0.99 mg L-1. Lufenuron treatments can significantly prolong the larval developmental duration and reduce the rates of pupation and emergence. To further explore the underlying mechanism of this observation, the expression profiles of the chitin synthase gene (SfCHS) and chitinase gene (SfCHT), two key enzyme genes involved in the molting of S. frugiperda, were determined after exposure to lufenuron for 96 h. The results of qRT-PCR demonstrated that lufenuron treatments can significantly reduce the expression of SfCHT, while the expression of SfCHS remained relatively stable. Furthermore, we found that lufenuron strongly interacted with chitinase (SfCHT) (-10.8 kcal/mol) and chitin synthase (SfCHS) (R1: -9.7 kcal/mol; R2: -10.2 kcal/mol). Our results indicated that lufenuron has significant effects on the development of S. frugiperda that might be attributed to the differential expression of SfCHT and SfCHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Lv
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shanshan Ling
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zhimin Guo
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Chengfeng Zheng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Huina Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Kangsheng Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Xu K, Lan H, He C, Wei Y, Lu Q, Cai K, Yu D, Yin X, Li Y, Lv J. Toxicological effects of trace amounts of pyriproxyfen on the midgut of non-target insect silkworm. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:105266. [PMID: 36464371 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator that is widely used in public health and pest control in agriculture. Our previous studies have shown that trace amounts of pyriproxyfen in the environment can cause serious toxic effects in the non-target insect silkworm, including failing to pupate, metamorphose and spin cocoons. However, it is unknown why pyriproxyfen not only has no lethal effects on fifth instar larvae but also tend to increase their body weight. The midgut is the main digestive organs of the silkworm, our results showed that the residual of pyriproxyfen in the silkworm at 24 h after 1 × 10-4 mg/L pyriproxyfen treatment caused severe damage to the midgut microvilli, goblet cells, and nuclei of the silkworm, but body weight and digestibility of the larval were both increased. In addition, pyriproxyfen significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activities of digestive enzymes (α-amylase, trehalase, trypsin and lipase) in the midgut of silkworm. However, it caused down-regulation of ecdysone synthesis-related genes at the end of the fifth instar silkworm, decreased ecdysone titer, and prolonged larval instar. At the same time, pyriproxyfen also activated transcription of detoxification enzymes-related genes such as the cytochrome P450 enzyme genes Cyp9a22 and Cyp15C1, the carboxylesterase genes CarE-8 and CarE-11, and the glutathione S-transferase gene GSTo2. This study elucidated a novel toxicological effect of pyriproxyfen to insects, which not only expands the understanding of the effects of juvenile hormone pesticides on lepidopteran insects but also provides a reference for exploring the ecological security of non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizun Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China; Sericulture Institute of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China.
| | - Huangli Lan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Chunhui He
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yuting Wei
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Qingyu Lu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Kunpei Cai
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Xingcan Yin
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Yizhe Li
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China
| | - Jiachen Lv
- Guangxi Aquatic and Animal Husbandry School, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, PR China
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Singh KP, Maddheshiya R. ‘Insecticidal efficacy of a hormonal analogue on the post-embryonic development of a flesh fly, Sarcophaga ruficornis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)’. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2022.2136015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Sun Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Jiang B, Tao SM, Dai HY, Xu XT, Sun YX, Yang L, Zhang YJ. The main component of the aphid alarm pheromone ( E)-β-farnesene affects the growth and development of Spodoptera exigua by mediating juvenile hormone-related genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:863626. [PMID: 36082292 PMCID: PMC9445801 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.863626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) is one of the most important secondary metabolites in some plants and provides indirect defense against aphids. However, the direct effect of EβF against pests is still unclear. In this study, various concentrations of EβF (0.16, 0.8, and 4 g/kg) were provided in an artificial diet to determine the direct effects of EβF on Spodoptera exigua. The results showed that an artificial diet containing 4 g/kg of EβF reduced the final survival of the S. exigua larvae and per female fecundity of adults significantly when compared with CK and SC controls (p < 0.05), then ultimately it also significantly affected the intrinsic rate of increase (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of the EβF bioassay in an artificial diet also indicated that the proliferation of the S. exigua population was inhibited by the ingestion of EβF in a dose-dependent manner. Combined differential RNA-seq data and RT-qPCR analysis, it was found that four key genes involved in juvenile hormone degradation significantly upregulated in S. exigua larvae treated by EβF at a dose of 0.8 and 4 g/kg when compared with two controls (p < 0.05). This indicated that EβF could disturb the normal function of juvenile hormones and reduce the survival rate of S. exigua larvae. Additionally, two key genes that regulate per fecundity of S. exigua females, including SeVg and SeVgR, were significantly downregulated in adult females (p < 0.05) when they were treated with 0.8 and 4 g/kg of EβF at the larval stage, relative to the expression of these genes after treatment with controls. These findings suggested that EβF first disturbed the normal function of juvenile hormone by upregulating key degradation genes, and then inhibited the expression of SeVg/SeVgR genes and proteins, thus reducing the population size of S. exigua by increasing larval mortality and inhibiting per female fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
- Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Si-Min Tao
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Han-Yang Dai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Yue-Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xu L, Meng XL, Bangash SH, Zhang F, Zeng DQ, Tang WW. Effects of itol A on the larval growth and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:134-142. [PMID: 34453868 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itol A, extracted from Itoa orientalis Hemsl. (Flacourtiaceae), possesses bioactivity on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). Our previous study showed that the effects on Spodoptera frugiperda, a destructive pest found worldwide, were similar to those of fenoxycarb (FC), a juvenile hormone analog. Thus, we speculate that itol A could have growth-regulating effects. The current work explored juvenile hormone (JH) levels and mRNA levels of crucial JH signaling pathway enzyme genes in S. frugiperda larvae treated with itol A and FC. RESULTS Itol A caused severe growth obstacles in S. frugiperda, extended the larval duration and reduced the mean worm weight and body length rates. Three and 7 days after exposure to a sublethal concentration of itol A (500 mg L-1 ), the JH level of the larvae significantly decreased by 36.59% and 22.70%, respectively. qPCR inferred that the mRNA expression levels of crucial JH metabolism enzymes (SfJHE and SfJHEH) significantly increased by 6.58-fold and 2.12-fold, respectively, relative to the control group 3 days after treatment. CONCLUSIONS Itol A adversely affects the development of S. frugiperda. We propose that this effect was caused by decreasing JH levels and disrupting the JH signaling pathway via mediating its synthetic and metabolic crucial enzymes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Meng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Saqib Hussain Bangash
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Qiang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wei Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agric-Environment and Agric-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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Effect of a novel juvenoid fenoxycarb on the pupal-adult transformation in the blowfly, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2351-2356. [PMID: 34100111 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera, Calliphoridae) acts as a vector of many disease-causing pathogens. It causes myiasis in human beings and other living vertebrates. In the present study, the effect of a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), fenoxycarb, was evaluated on pupal-adult transformation by exposing pupae (0 and 1-day-old) of blowfly. Pupae were topically treated with different concentrations of the compound, viz., 20, 40, and 80 µg/µl applied on the posterior dorsum with the help of a micropipette. The effects comprised various developmental aberrations, such as delayed pupal-adult ecdysis duration, pupal mortality, formation of pupal-adult intermediates, eclosion failure, reduced adult emergence, and formation of abnormal adults. The freshly molted pupae (0 day) were more susceptible as compared to 1-day-old pupae. Pupal mortality was highest at 80 µg. Normal adult emergence was completely inhibited at day 0 pupae treated with 80 µg of the fenoxycarb. These results demonstrate that fenoxycarb was capable of successfully inhibiting the pupal-adult transformation, and thus, it can be used to control this myiasis-causing agent.
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10
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Hamaidia K, Soltani N. Methoxyfenozide, a Molting Hormone Agonist, Affects Autogeny Capacity, Oviposition, Fecundity, and Fertility in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1004-1011. [PMID: 33247298 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of methoxyfenozide (RH-2485), an insect growth disrupter (IGD) belonging to molting hormone agonist class, against female adults of Culex pipiens L. under laboratory conditions. Lethal concentrations (LC50 = 24.54 µg/liter and LC90 = 70.79 µg/liter), previously determined against fourth instar larvae, were tested for adult female fertility, fecundity and oviposition after tarsal contact before mating and any bloodmeal. Methoxyfenozide was found to alter negatively their autogeny capacity and oviposition. A strong reduction of 56% and 72% (P < 0.001) in females' autogeny capacity was observed in both treated series, respectively. Alteration in oviposition were found to be higher with LC90 (OAI-LC90 = -0.62) than with the LC50 (OAI-LC50 = -0.42). Also fecundity and hatching rate (fertility) were significantly reduced in treated series as compared to controls. A significant reduction of 37.65 and 28.23% in fecundity and decrease of 56.85 and 71.87% in fertility were found, respectively in LC50 and LC90 treated series. Obtained data clearly demonstrated that methoxyfenozide have significant depressive effect on reproductive potential against medically important vector with minimizing ecotoxicological risks in mosquitoes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaouther Hamaidia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk-Ahras, Algeria
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University Badji Mokhtar of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Soltani
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, University Badji Mokhtar of Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
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Zifruddin AN, Mohamad-Khalid KA, Suhaimi SA, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Hassan M. Molecular characterization and enzyme inhibition studies of NADP+- farnesol dehydrogenase from diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1628-1638. [PMID: 33890631 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile hormone III (JH III) plays an important role in insect reproduction, development, and behavior. The second branch of JH III production includes oxidation of farnesol to farnesal by farnesol dehydrogenase. This study reported the identification and characterization of Plutella xylostella farnesol dehydrogenase (PxFoLDH). Our results showed that PxFoLDH belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily, consisting of a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossman fold, an NAD(P) (H)-binding region and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. The purified enzyme displayed maximum activity at 55$\ $°C with pH 9.5 and was stable in the temperature below 70$\ ^\circ $C. PxFoLDH was determined to be a monomer with a relative molecular weight of 27 kDa and highly specific for trans, trans-farnesol, and NADP+. Among analog inhibitors tested, farnesyl acetate was the most effective inhibitor with the lowest Ki value of 0.02 µm. Our findings showed this purified enzyme may represent as NADP+-farnesol dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis-Nadyra Zifruddin
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Saidi-Adha Suhaimi
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sun Y, Dai L, Kang X, Fu D, Gao H, Chen H. Isolation and expression of five genes in the mevalonate pathway of the Chinese white pine beetle, Dendroctonus armandi (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21760. [PMID: 33231898 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese white pine beetle Dendroctonus armandi (Tsai and Li) is a significant pest of the Qinling and Bashan Mountains pine forests of China. The Chinese white pine beetle can overcome the defences of Chinese white pine Pinus armandi (Franch) through pheromone-assisted aggregation that results in a mass attack of host trees. We isolated five full-length complementary DNAs encoding mevalonate pathway-related enzyme genes from the Chinese white pine beetle (D. armandi), which are acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (AACT), geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS), mevalonate kinase (MK), mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (MPDC), and phosphomevalonate kinase (PMK). Bioinformatic analyses were performed on the full-length deduced amino acid sequences. Differential expression of these five genes was observed between sexes, and within these significant differences among topically applied juvenile hormone III (JH III), fed on phloem of P. armandi, tissue distribution, and development stage. Mevalonate pathway genes expression were induced by JH III and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Sun
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Dai
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotong Kang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Danyang Fu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiming Gao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources (South China Agricultural University), College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Sierras A, Schal C. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Ingested Hydroprene and Methoprene on Development and Fecundity of the Common Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:1199-1206. [PMID: 32100017 PMCID: PMC7768674 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L. and Cimex hemipterus F.) have become perennial and difficult to control indoor pests. Current pest control options are severely constrained by high prevalence of insecticide resistance and availability and relatively high costs of alternative interventions. Among various measures to counter the drawbacks of insecticide resistance include efforts to diversify the modes of action of insecticides with residual applications of combinations of insecticides, which include a juvenile hormone analog (JHA). JHAs, such as hydroprene and methoprene, have a desirable safety profile and are effective against a variety of indoor pests. We evaluated the potential of hydroprene and methoprene to be incorporated into an ingestible bait, with dose-response studies on fifth-instar male and female bed bugs. Females were more susceptible than males to both JHAs, and methoprene was more effective by ingestion than hydroprene at inducing both lethal and sublethal effects. Ingestion of ≥10 µg/ml blood of either JHA by last instar nymphs reduced oviposition; untreated females that mated with males exposed to high concentrations of either JHA also exhibited lower oviposition. We suggest that methoprene could be incorporated into integrated pest management programs in liquid baits and residual sprays in combination with other active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sierras
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC
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Shaurub ESH, Abdel Aal AE, Emara SA. Suppressive effects of insect growth regulators on development, reproduction and nutritional indices of the Egyptian cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2020.1741454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aziza E. Abdel Aal
- Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Said A. Emara
- Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, Egypt
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Identification and expression profiling of neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptor genes in Atrijuglans hetaohei. Gene 2020; 743:144605. [PMID: 32199950 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atrijuglans hetaohei Yang (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea), is one of the major pests that can seriously damage the walnut fruits. Neuropeptides and their receptors regulate most physiological functions in insects and represent new targets for the development of control agents. To identify the neuropeptides and their receptors from A. hetaohei, we sequenced and analyzed its head transcriptomic data, identified 32 neuropeptides and 39 neuropeptide receptor genes. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analyses suggest that A. hetaohei neuropeptides and receptor genes have high homology with those in Bombyx mori, Chilo suppressalis, Plutella xylostella and Helicoverpa armigera. Moreover, gene expression patterns revealed that neuropeptide genes such as AKH1, CP, MS and PTTH were expressed specifically in male head, while CAP3, DH, NPLP1, PBAN and SIF showed higher expression in the female head. Bur showed abdomen biased expression in both male and female. Neuropeptide receptor genes such as A8, A11, A15 and LGR were highly expressed in male head, whereas A24 and LGR2 were preferentially expressed in female head. This is the first sequencing, identification and expression analyses of neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptor genes from A. hetaohei. Our results could provide a powerful background that will facilitate the further investigations using transcriptomics to determine neuropeptides and their receptors presence, functions, and indicates potential targets in A. hetaohei for a novel pest management strategy.
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Zhang G, Zou H, Geng N, Ding N, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zou C. Fenoxycarb and methoxyfenozide (RH-2485) affected development and chitin synthesis through disturbing glycometabolism in Lymantria dispar larvae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:64-75. [PMID: 31973871 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fenoxycarb as a juvenile hormone analogue and methoxyfenozide (RH-2485) as a 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) agonist are two main insect growth regulators (IGRs) used for pest control, whose insecticidal mechanisms had been widely reported in past decades. However, there were few studies focused on their effects on the carbohydrate metabolism of insects. Here, we reported that two IGRs (fenoxycarb and RH-2485) significantly affected growth and development of L. dispar larvae and caused larval lethality. Furthermore, both contens of three sugars (glycogen, threhalose, glucose) in four tissues (fat body, midgut, hemolymph and epidermis) and trehalase activity in three tissues (fat body, midgut and hemolymph) of L. dispar larvae were markedly affected by these two IGRs. Moreover, we found that mRNA expression levels of LdTPS, LdTre1 and LdTre2 in L. dispar larvae were dramatically suppressed by two IGRs. Additionally, chitin content in both midgut and epidermis decreased significantly after L. dispar larvae treated with fenoxycarb or RH-2485. Summarily, these results indicated that these two IGRs disturbed glycometabolism in L. dispar larvae, resulting in impeding chitin synthesis, generating new epidermis failure, disrupting molting and larval lethality in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocai Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Hang Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Nannan Geng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Nan Ding
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yuejie Wang
- Library of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Chuanshan Zou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Muñiz-González AB, Martínez-Guitarte JL. Effects of single exposure and binary mixtures of ultraviolet filters octocrylene and 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate on gene expression in the freshwater insect Chironomus riparius. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:35501-35514. [PMID: 30350147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet filters are used extensively in the production of many personal care and industrial products. These products can inadvertently pollute the environment through recreational activities. They have been associated with endocrine disruption in vertebrates but their effects in invertebrates are poorly understood. Chironomus riparius is a species of the dipteran order, with aquatic larvae that are frequently used in toxicity tests. Previously, we showed that octocrylene (OC) and 2-ethylhexyl 4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (OD-PABA) differentially affected the mRNA levels of the ecdysone receptor and Hsp70 genes. For a better understanding of their mode of action, transcriptional activity by real-time PCR was analyzed in fourth instar larvae exposed to OC, OD-PABA, or a binary mixture of both. We studied 16 genes related to the endocrine system, stress, the immune system, and biotransformation mechanisms to elucidate the putative interactions between these compounds. No response was observed for the genes involved in biotransformation, suggesting that enzymes other than cytochromes P450 and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) could get involved in transformation of these compounds. Similarly, no response was observed for endocrine-related genes while the stress gene HYOU1 was inhibited by OD-PABA, suggesting an effect in response to hypoxia. In addition, no significant interactions were observed following exposure to a binary mixture of these compounds. Overall, the results suggest a weak, acute response in different metabolic pathways and a lack of interaction between the compounds. Finally, new genes are identified in this organism, opening the possibility to analyze new cellular pathways as targets of toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belén Muñiz-González
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Paseo de la Senda del Rey 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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El-Sheikh ESAM, El-Saleh MA, Aioub AA, Desuky WM. Toxic Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on a Field Strain of Cotton Leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2018.179.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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