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Gomes DS, Miranda FR, Fernandes KM, Farder-Gomes CF, Bastos DSS, Bernardes RC, Serrão JE. Acute exposure to fungicide fluazinam induces cell death in the midgut, oxidative stress and alters behavior of the stingless bee Partamona helleri (Hymenoptera: Apidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 282:116677. [PMID: 38971098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) are pollinators of both cultivated and wild crop plants in the Neotropical region. However, they are susceptible to pesticide exposure during foraging activities. The fungicide fluazinam is commonly applied in bean and sunflower cultivation during the flowering period, posing a potential risk to the stingless bee Partamona helleri, which serves as a pollinator for these crops. In this study, we investigated the impact of acute oral exposure (24 h) fluazinam on the survival, morphology and cell death signaling pathways in the midgut, oxidative stress and behavior of P. helleri worker bees. Worker bees were exposed for 24 h to fluazinam (field concentrations 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 mg a.i. mL-1), diluted in 50 % honey aqueous solution. After oral exposure, fluazinam did not harm the survival of worker bees. However, sublethal effects were revealed using the highest concentration of fluazinam (2.5 mg a.i. mL-1), particularly a reduction in food consumption, damage in the midgut epithelium, characterized by degeneration of the brush border, an increase in the number and size of cytoplasm vacuoles, condensation of nuclear chromatin, and an increase in the release of cell fragments into the gut lumen. Bees exposed to fluazinam exhibited an increase in cells undergoing autophagy and apoptosis, indicating cell death in the midgut epithelium. Furthermore, the fungicide induced oxidative stress as evidenced by an increase in total antioxidant and catalase enzyme activities, along with a decrease in glutathione S-transferase activity. And finally, fluazinam altered the walking behavior of bees, which could potentially impede their foraging activities. In conclusion, our findings indicate that fluazinam at field concentrations is not lethal for workers P. helleri. Nevertheless, it has side effects on midgut integrity, oxidative stress and worker bee behavior, pointing to potential risks for this pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Soares Gomes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Franciane Rosa Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Kenner Morais Fernandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Araras, Araras, São Paulo 13.600-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Silva Sena Bastos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900, Brazil.
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Yu Y, Li X, Hou Y, Wei M, Qian Y, Zhou Y, Yin M, Jiang Y, Song P. The effect of Ca 2+-calcineurin signaling pathway on the antifungal activity of Pd-D-V against Botrytis cinerea. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106007. [PMID: 39084802 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea is an intractable fungal disease that causes extensive damage to agricultural products. In the search for novel antifungal active ingredients, we discovered a linear pyranocoumarin Pd-D-V was effective against B. cinerea in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Furthermore, this study investigated the effects of Ca2+ and the Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway on its antifungal activity against B. cinerea. The results indicated that Pd-D-V reduced the concentration of Ca2+ in the mycelia of B. cinerea; CaCl2, the Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil, or the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporin A could affect the sensitivity of Pd-D-V against B. cinerea; the expression of genes (Bccch1, Bcmid1, BccnA, Bccnb1, Bcpmc1, and Bcpmr1) of the Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway decreased after Pd-D-V treatment. In summary, Pd-D-V is compound for developing fungicides against B. cinerea. Pd-D-V can reduce intracellular Ca2+ concentration and disturb Ca2+ homeostasis. The Ca2+-calcineurin signaling pathway is important in the antifungal activity of Pd-D-V against B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xinru Li
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yiyun Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Min Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yanqin Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Pingping Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
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3
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Cao Y, Zhang X, Song X, Li W, Ren Z, Feng J, Ma Z, Liu X, Wang Y. Efficacy and toxic action of the natural product natamycin against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1981-1990. [PMID: 38087429 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum seriously endangers oilseed rape production worldwide, and the occurrence of fungicide-resistant mutants of S. sclerotiorum leads to control decline. Thus, it is critical to explore new green substitutes with different action mechanisms and high antifungal activity. Herein, the activity and the action mechanism of natamycin against S. sclerotiorum were evaluated. RESULTS Natamycin showed potent inhibition on the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum, and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) values against 103 S. sclerotiorum strains ranged from 0.53 to 4.04 μg/mL (mean 1.44 μg/mL). Natamycin also exhibited high efficacy against both carbendazim- and dimethachlone-resistant strains of S. sclerotiorum on detached oilseed rape leaves. No cross-resistance was detected between natamycin and carbendazim. Natamycin markedly disrupted hyphal form, sclerotia formation, integrity of the cell membrane, and reduced the content of oxalic acid and ergosterol, whereas it increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde content. Interestingly, exogenous addition of ergosterol could reduce the inhibition of natamycin against S. sclerotiorum. Importantly, natamycin significantly inhibited expression of the Cyp51 gene, which is contrary to results for the triazole fungicide flusilazole, indicating a different action mechanism from triazole fungicides. CONCLUSION Natamycin is a promising effective candidate for the resistance management of S. sclerotiorum. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Xianyang, China
| | - Zheng Ren
- College of Language and Culture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Xianyang, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Xianyang, China
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Ruan R, Huang K, Luo H, Zhang C, Xi D, Pei J, Liu H. Occurrence and Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Causing Fruit Rot on Sweet Cherry in Southern China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4165. [PMID: 38140492 PMCID: PMC10747181 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) is widely planted in northern China due to its high economic value, and its cultivation has gradually spread south to warm regions. However, fruit rot, observed on the young fruits, poses a considerable threat to the development of sweet cherry. To determine the causal agent, morphological observation, molecular identification, and pathogenicity tests were performed on isolates obtained from diseased fruits. As a result, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was identified as the pathogen. Pathogenicity tests on different sweet cherry cultivars indicated that 'Summit' was highly sensitive to S. sclerotiorum, whereas 'Hongmi' showed significant resistance. Besides sweet cherry, S. sclerotiorum could also infect other vegetable crops we tested, such as cowpea, soybean, tomato, and chili. Fungicide sensitivity and efficacy assays showed that both fludioxonil and pyraclostrobin can effectively inhibit the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and decrease disease incidences on the young fruits of sweet cherry. Furthermore, genome sequencing resulted in a 37.8 Mb assembly of S. sclerotiorum strain ScSs1, showing abundant SNPs, InDels, and SVs with the genome of S. sclerotiorum reference strain 1980 UF-70. The above results provide an important basis for controlling the fruit rot of sweet cherry caused by S. sclerotiorum in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Liu
- Institute of Horticulture, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China; (R.R.)
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Liu J, Wu J, Jin P, Hu J, Lamour K, Yang Z. Activity of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicide Benzovindiflupyr Against Clarireedia spp. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3924-3932. [PMID: 37340553 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-23-0201-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Dollar spot (DS), caused by Clarireedia spp. (formerly Sclerotinia homoeocarpa), is one of the most important diseases of turfgrasses worldwide. Benzovindiflupyr, a pyrazole carboxamide fungicide belonging to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors, was recently registered for DS control. In this study, baseline sensitivity, toxicity, and control efficacy of benzovindiflupyr against Clarireedia spp. were evaluated. The frequency of sensitivities had a unimodal distribution (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, P > 0.10). The mean EC50 value was 1.109 ± 0.555 μg/ml, with individual values ranging from 0.160 to 2.548 μg/ml. Benzovindiflupyr increased the number of hyphal offshoots and cell membrane permeability and inhibited oxalic acid production. Positive cross-resistance was observed between benzovindiflupyr and boscalid, but not between benzovindiflupyr and thiophanate-methyl, propiconazole, or iprodione. Benzovindiflupyr showed high protective and curative control efficacies in vivo and in field applications. Both protective and curative control efficacies of benzovindiflupyr were significantly better than propiconazole, and equivalent to boscalid, over 2 years of field research. The results have important implications for managing DS and fungicide resistance problems in Clarireedia spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Jin
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jian Hu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
| | - Kurt Lamour
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, U.S.A
| | - Zhimin Yang
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P.R. China
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Fei YC, Cheng Q, Zhang H, Han C, Wang X, Li YF, Li SQ, Zhao XH. Maleic acid and malonic acid reduced the pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by inhibiting mycelial growth, sclerotia formation and virulence factors. STRESS BIOLOGY 2023; 3:45. [PMID: 37955738 PMCID: PMC10643788 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic plant pathogenic fungus with broad distribution and host range. Bioactive compounds derived from plant extracts have been proven to be effective in controlling S. sclerotiorum. In this study, the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum was effectively inhibited by maleic acid, malonic acid, and their combination at a concentration of 2 mg/mL, with respective inhibition rates of 32.5%, 9.98%, and 67.6%. The treatment of detached leaves with the two acids resulted in a decrease in lesion diameters. Interestingly, maleic acid and malonic acid decreased the number of sclerotia while simultaneously increasing their weight. The two acids also disrupted the cell structure of sclerotia, leading to sheet-like electron-thin regions. On a molecular level, maleic acid reduced oxalic acid secretion, upregulated the expression of Ss-Odc2 and downregulated CWDE10, Ss-Bi1 and Ss-Ggt1. Differently, malonic acid downregulated CWDE2 and Ss-Odc1. These findings verified that maleic acid and malonic acid could effectively inhibit S. sclerotiorum, providing promising evidence for the development of an environmentally friendly biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Modern Facility Agriculture, Fuqing, 350300, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yan-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shi-Qian Li
- Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Modern Facility Agriculture, Fuqing, 350300, China.
| | - Xiao-Hu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology / College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Zhao Y, Jin Q, Wang ZJ, Tao XY, Luo XD. Quality assurance of postharvest grapes against Botrytis cinerea by terbinafine. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 37594518 PMCID: PMC10439064 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, fruit is an indispensable treasure house of nutrition for human beings, occupying a vital position of human diet. Postharvest fruit storage requires efficient antifungal agents to control Botrytis cinerea, which is a vital postharvest disease affecting fruit and leading to enormous losses. However, with the enormous abuse of existing antifungal drugs, the problem of drug-resistant fungi is imminent, making the controlling diseases caused by pathogenic fungi even more challenging. Drug repurposing is an efficient alternative method, we evaluated a well-known antifungal chemical, terbinafine, against the agricultural pathogen, B. cinerea in vitro, as a result, terbinafine showed strong antifungal activity. Furthermore, the in vivo antifungal activity of terbinafine was evaluated, the results showed that terbinafine could reduce the decay area on grapes. Terbinafine could disrupt the cell membrane integrity, increase cell membrane permeability, and eventual cell death of B. cinerea. In addition, terbinafine reduced decay incidence, and weight loss and maintained the soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid, total phenolic, and malondialdehyde content during the storage period of grapes. Overall, terbinafine could be an antifungal preservative for postharvest table grapes fresh-keeping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Liu M, Niu Q, Wang Z, Qi H, Liang X, Gai Y, Wang B, Yin S. Comparative physiological and transcriptome analysis provide insights into the inhibitory effect of 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one on Clarireedia jacksonii. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105456. [PMID: 37248022 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Clarireedia spp. is a destructive phytopathogenic fungus that causes turf dollar spot of bent-grass, leading to widespread lawn death. In this study, we explored the antifungal capability of 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6PP), a natural metabolite volatilized by microorganisms, which plays an important role in the biological control of turfgrass dollar spot. However, the mechanisms by which 6PP inhibits Clarireedia jacksonii remain unknown. In the present study, C. jacksonii mycelial growth was inhibited by the 6PP treatment and the 6PP treatment damaged cell membrane integrity, causing an increase in relative conduc-tivity. Furthermore, physiological and biochemistry assay showed that 6PP treatment can enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) content obviously increased with 6PP exposure, increased alchohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and depleted acetalde-hyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and activated the activities of many antioxidant enzymes in C. jacksonii. Gen Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that some genes in C. jacksonii after 6PP treatment related to integrity of the cell wall and membrane, and oxidative stress were significantly downregulated. It is worth mentioning that the fatty acid degradation pathway is significantly upregulated, with an increase in ATP content and ATP synthase activity, which may promote fungal cell apoptosis. Moreover, we found that the expression of ABC transporters, and glutathione metabolism encoding genes were increased to respond to external stimuli. Taken together, these findings revealed the potential antifungal mechanism of 6PP against Clarireedia spp., which also provides a theoretical basis for the commercial utilization of 6PP as a green pesticide in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qichen Niu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Ziyue Wang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongyin Qi
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xingxing Liang
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yunpeng Gai
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Baisen Wang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Shuxia Yin
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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9
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Chaves A, Faita MR, Nodari RO. Effects of fungicides on the ultrastructure of the hypopharyngeal glands and the strength of the hives of Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 459:116340. [PMID: 36509231 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several crops of agronomic interest depend on bees' pollination, and Apis mellifera L (Hymanoptera: Apidae) is the most studied direct pollinator. Nevertheless, the use of pesticides in agricultural environments is common, including fungicides. Studies that seek to evaluate the effects of fungicides on the hypopharyngeal glands of bees, the site of royal jelly synthesis, are lacking. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of field doses of fungicides (Captan SC® and Zignal®), alone or in mixture, on the hypopharyngeal glands and their subsequent effect on the strength of hives. The evaluations were carried out under field conditions in three hives per treatment. For a period of one month, bee hives received feed containing sugar syrup, pollen and 1.2 mL of Zignal® and 3 mL of Captan SC® in the isolated treatments and 4.2 mL in the mixture. The action of fungicides on the hypopharyngeal glands was determined by transmission electron microscopy analysis in bees 7 and 15 days old, collected in the hives one month after exposure to fungicides. The strength of the hives was evaluated for six months based on the number of frames with adult bees, open and closed brood, and stored food. The results indicate that fungicides promote early degeneration of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and morphological and structural changes in mitochondria. In addition, a reduction in adult population, open and closed breeding and food stock was observed. More pronounced damage occurred when bees were exposed to the mixture of fungicides. Overall, it can be concluded that the presence of fungicides in bee diets promotes harm accentuated over time and compromises the survival of hives. It will be worth estimating the fungicide effects of the queen development and on the colony heath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Chaves
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais - PPGRGV, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Bairro Itacorubi, 88034-001 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Márcia Regina Faita
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais - PPGRGV, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Bairro Itacorubi, 88034-001 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rubens Onofre Nodari
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais - PPGRGV, Rodovia Admar Gonzaga, 1346 - Bairro Itacorubi, 88034-001 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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10
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Zhang H, Cheng Q, Wang X, Jia W, Xie J, Fan G, Han C, Zhao X. Selenium Improved Phenylacetic Acid Content in Oilseed Rape and Thus Enhanced the Prevention of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by Dimethachlon. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1193. [PMID: 36422013 PMCID: PMC9694027 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a broad-spectrum necrotrophic phytopathogen that can infect many plant species worldwide. The application of fungicides is a common measure for controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Due to the risk of developing resistance to fungicides, it is imperative to find ways to be environmentally friendly and even effective. Using bioactive compounds in plants to reduce the amounts of fungicides has become a clean and sustainable strategy of controlling Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Our study found that selenium in soil mediated the phenylacetic acid-related metabolic pathway in oilseed rape and reduced the incidence rate of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The growth-inhibition rates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were observed at 25.82%, 19.67%, and 52.61% for treatments of 0.8 mg·L-1 dimethachlon, 0.1 mg·mL-1 phenylacetic acid, and dimethachlon (0.8 mg·L-1) + phenylacetic acid (0.1 mg·mL-1), respectively. Phenylacetic acid reduced the application amount of dimethachlon and enhanced the inhibition effect for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Results also suggested that phenylacetic acid severely damaged the morphological structure, changed the electrical conductivity, and reduced the capacity of acid production and oxalic acid secretion of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelium. Further studies revealed that phenylacetic acid increased the gene-expression level of Ssodc1, Ssodc2, CWDE2 and CWDE10 in mycelium while decreasing the expression level of SsGgt1, and phenylacetic acid + dimethachlon reduced the relative expression level of SsBil. These findings verified that phenylacetic acid could partially replace the amount of dimethachlon, as well as enhance the prevention of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by dimethachlon, which provides evidence for developing an environment-friendly method for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-Products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiatao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guocheng Fan
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Chuang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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11
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Song PP, Wang Y, Hou YP, Mao XW, Liu ZL, Wei M, Yu JP, Wang B, Qian YY, Yan L, Xu S, Jiang YQ, Zhou DQ, Yin M, Dou J. Crucial role of Ca 2+ /CN signalling pathway in the antifungal activity of disenecioyl-cis-khellactone against Botrytis cinerea. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4649-4659. [PMID: 35866518 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botrytis cinerea causes grey mould and is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens affecting important fruit and vegetable crops. In preliminary studies, we found that disenecioyl-cis-khellactone (DK) had strong antifungal activity against several fungi species including B. cinerea [half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) = 11.0 μg mL-1 ]. In this study, we aimed to further evaluate the antifungal activity of DK against B. cinerea and determine the role of calcium ion/calcineurin (Ca2+ /CN) signalling pathway on its antifungal effect. RESULTS DK was effective against B. cinerea in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Exogenous Ca2+ reduced the antifungal activity of DK. The combination of DK and cyclosporine A (CsA) did not exhibit an additive effect against B. cinerea. In contrast to CsA, DK reduced the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in B. cinerea. DK bound to calcineurin A (cnA) and up-regulated the expression of PMC1 and PMR1 genes. Moreover, DK sensitivity of △bccnA significantly decreased compared with that of Bc05.10 strain. CONCLUSION DK is a promising lead compound for developing fungicides against B. cinerea. The Ca2+ /CN signalling pathway plays a crucial role in the DK antifungal activity, and cnA is one of the targets of DK against B. cinerea. DK directly reacts with cnA, which up-regulates the transcription of Ca2+ /CN-dependent target genes PMC1 and PMR1, decreasing the intracellular Ca2+ concentration and disturbing the intracellular Ca2+ balance, leading to cell death. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Song
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Wei Mao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong-Liang Liu
- Yantai University, School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai, China
| | - Min Wei
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yun Qian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Yan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Qin Jiang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Qin Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Dou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing, China
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12
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Efficacy and potential mechanism of hinokitiol against postharvest anthracnose of banana caused by Colletotrichum musae. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Cheng X, Dai T, Hu Z, Cui T, Wang W, Han P, Hu M, Hao J, Liu P, Liu X. Cytochrome P450 and Glutathione S-Transferase Confer Metabolic Resistance to SYP-14288 and Multi-Drug Resistance in Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:806339. [PMID: 35387083 PMCID: PMC8977892 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.806339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SYP-14288 is a fungicide as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, which is effective in controlling fungal pathogens like Rhizoctonia solani. To determine whether R. solani can develop SYP-14288 resistance and possibly multi-drug resistance (MDR), an SYP-14288-resistant mutant of R. solani X19-7 was generated from wild-type strain X19, and the mechanism of resistance was studied through metabolic and genetic assays. From metabolites of R. solani treated with SYP-14288, three compounds including M1, M2, and M3 were identified according to UPLC-MS/MS analysis, and M1 accumulated faster than M2 and M3 in X19-7. When X19-7 was treated by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) inhibitor diethyl maleate (DEM) and SYP-14288 together, or by DEM plus one of tested fungicides that have different modes of action, a synergistic activity of resistance occurred, implying that GSTs promoted metabolic resistance against SYP-14288 and therefore led to MDR. By comparing RNA sequences between X19-7 and X19, six cytochrome P450s (P450s) and two GST genes were selected as a target, which showed a higher expression in X19-7 than X19 both before and after the exposure to SYP-14288. Furthermore, heterologous expression of P450 and GST genes in yeast was conducted to confirm genes involved in metabolic resistance. In results, the P450 gene AG1IA_05136 and GST gene AG1IA_07383 were related to fungal resistance to multiple fungicides including SYP-14288, fluazinam, chlorothalonil, and difenoconazole. It was the first report that metabolic resistance of R. solani to uncouplers was associated with P450 and GST genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Hu
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongshan Cui
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weizhen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Han
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maolin Hu
- Shenzhen Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Liu Q, Liu P, Xu Y, Wang B, Liu P, Hao J, Liu X. Encapsulation of fluazinam to extend efficacy duration in controlling Botrytis cinerea on cucumber. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2836-2842. [PMID: 33538400 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluazinam is an effective fungicide in controlling gray mold, but has short duration of efficacy. Increasing application dosage may cause phytotoxicity. To overcome this shortage, a controlled-release technology was studied by encapsulating fluazinam. Ethyl cellulose polymer microcapsules were loaded with fluazinam to formulate a fluazinam capsule suspension (FCS). The efficacy for inhibition of B. cinerea and persistency of the FCS were examined by comparing with fluazinam technical concentrate (FTC) and aqueous fluazinam suspension concentrate (FSC) using microscopic observation and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. RESULTS FCS formed capsules, with median size of 3.17 μm in diameter, had 82.3% encapsulation efficiency. It had a stronger inhibitory activity against B. cinerea than FTC and FSC measured 7 days after the treatments. The half-life of FCS on cucumber leaves was 3.4 days, longer than the 2.3 days of FSC. CONCLUSION FCS formulation significantly improved the inhibition of B. cinerea and resulted in prolonged and sustained release. Moreover, microencapsulation increased the duration of the efficacy of fluazinam on target crops. This formulation could help to sustain pesticides and protect the environment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizheng Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Panqing Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of the Discovery and Development of Novel Pesticide, Shenyang Sinochem Agrochemicals R&D Co., Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Yin Q, Yang R, Ren Y, Yang Z, Li T, Huang H, Tang Q, Li D, Jiang S, Wu X, Wang D, Chen Z. Transcriptomic, Biochemical, and Morphological Study Reveals the Mechanism of Inhibition of Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis by Phenazine-1-Carboxylic Acid. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:618476. [PMID: 33859623 PMCID: PMC8042141 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.618476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gray blight disease is one of the most destructive diseases of tea plants and occurs widely in the tea-growing areas of the world. It is caused by several fungal phytopathogens, of which Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis is the main pathogen in China. The environmentally friendly antimicrobial, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), a metabolite of the natural soil-borne bacteria Pseudomonas spp., can inhibit a range of fungal crop diseases. In this study, we determined that PCA was active against Ps. camelliae-sinensis in vitro. We studied the mode of action of PCA on hyphae using a microscopic investigation, transcriptomics, biochemical methods, and molecular docking. The results of scanning and transmission electron microscopy indicated that PCA caused developmental deformity of mycelia and organelle damage, and it significantly decreased the accumulation of exopolysaccharides on the hyphal surface. The transcriptome revealed that 1705 and 1683 differentially expressed genes of Ps. camelliae-sinensis treated with PCA were up-regulated or down-regulated, respectively, with genes associated with ribosome biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and encoding various proteins of N-glycan biosynthesis being significantly up-regulated. Up-regulation of nine genes related to N-glycan biosynthesis of Ps. camelliae-sinensis in response to PCA treatment was confirmed by reverse transcription qPCR. The enzymatic activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase of hyphae was significantly decreased by PCA treatment. Our results indicated that exposure to PCA resulted in expression changes in oxidoreductase genes, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and decreased activity of catalase, with concomitant damage to the fungal cell membrane and cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxiu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yafeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Honglin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Delu Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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16
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Liang L, Cheng X, Dai T, Wang Z, Li J, Li X, Lei B, Liu P, Hao J, Liu X. Metabolic Fingerprinting for Identifying the Mode of Action of the Fungicide SYP-14288 on Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574039. [PMID: 33362733 PMCID: PMC7755717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungicide SYP-14288 has a high efficiency, low toxicity, and broad spectrum in inhibiting both fungi and oomycetes, but its mode of action (MoA) remains unclear on inhibiting fungi. In this study, the MoA was determined by analyzing the metabolism and respiratory activities of Rhizoctonia solani treated by SYP-14288. Wild-type strains and SYP-14288-resistant mutants of R. solani were incubated on potato dextrose agar amended with either SYP-14288 or one of select fungicides acting on fungal respiration, including complex I, II, and III inhibitors; uncouplers; and ATP synthase inhibitors. Mycelial growth was measured under fungicides treatments. ATP content was determined using an ATP assay kit, membrane potential of mitochondria was detected with the JC-1 kit, and respiratory rate was calculated based on the measurement of oxygen consumption of R. solani. A model of metabolic fingerprinting cluster was established to separate oxidation inhibitors and phosphorylation inhibitors. All the results together displayed a clear discrimination between oxidation inhibitors and phosphorylation inhibitors, and the latter inhibited ATP synthase production having or uncoupling activities. Based on the model, SYP-14288 was placed in phosphorylation inhibitor group, because it significantly reduced ATP content and membrane potential of mitochondria while increasing respiratory rate in R. solani. Therefore, the MoA of SYP-14288 on R. solani was confirmed to involve phosphorylation inhibition and possibly uncoupling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkai Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xueming Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lei
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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17
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Cheng Q, Jia W, Hu C, Shi G, Yang D, Cai M, Zhan T, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Sun X, Zhao X. Enhancement and improvement of selenium in soil to the resistance of rape stem against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the inhibition of dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw on mycelium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114827. [PMID: 32454382 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum), one of the most destructive diseases in many crops including Brassica napus L. The extensive use of fungicides to control S. sclerotiorum caused severe damage to the environment in the long term. Increasing study reported that selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for plant by promoting growth and enhancing disease resistance. In this study, it was found that Se in soil shortened lesion length by 19.14% on rape stem infected with S. sclerotiorum. While resistance mechanism of rape stem against S. sclerotiorum remains unknown. Transcriptomic analysis of rape stem was performed and the results indicated that genes related to antifungal pathways were up-regulated. Moreover, metabonomic analysis was carried out to study the inhibitive effect of the dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw with Se pretreatment in soil (RSDOMSe) on S. sclerotiorum mycelium, results showed that RSDOMSe caused severe damage to energy metabolism of mycelium. Further study indicated that RSDOMSe decreased the pathogenicity of mycelium on rape leaves significantly, and enhanced content of chlorophyII, carotenoids, OD phenol and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in rape leaves, which suggested that RSDOMSe plays a positive role in regulating oxidative stress responses of plant when infected with S. sclerotiorum. In addition, when compared with dimcthachlon (DIM) treatment alone, DIM combined with RSDOMSe resulted in higher inhibition on mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum (the inhibition ratio of nearly 60%). Results in this study suggested that Se enhanced the resistance of rape stem against S. sclerotiorum because of the up-regulated genes related to antifungal pathways, and RSDOMSe improved the mycelial growth inhibition and decreased the pathogenicity of mycelium on rape leaves. Overall, Se as well as Se-enrich byproducts, possessed great potential to be developed as ecological fungicides for controlling S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Zhan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanni Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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18
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Yang J, Ji JY, Zhang BW, Chen YZ, Wang SR, Zhang GC, Zhang J. Transcriptome and cell wall degrading enzyme-related gene analysis of Pestalotiopsis neglecta in response to sodium pheophorbide a. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104639. [PMID: 32828363 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sodium pheophorbide a (SPA) is a new alternative fungicide with low toxicity and high efficiency, which has high fungicidal activity against Pestalotiopsis neglecta, a pathogen that causes black spot needle blight of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. To utilize SPA for plant disease control, understanding its antifungal mechanism is essential. Six cDNA libraries were constructed from 3 d-old P. neglecta mycelia (three SPA-infected and three untreated groups) and 29,850 expressed genes were obtained by Illumina HiSeq4000 sequencing. Compared with controls, 3268 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in SPA-treated groups, including 1879 upregulated and 1389 downregulated genes. Most DEGs were involved in the metabolism of amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, as well as cell structure and genetic information processing. These findings were further confirmed by decreased conductivity, RNA and protein content, and activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase. Moreover, qRT-PCR verified the reliability of the transcriptome results. After treatment with SPA at different concentrations for 60 min, the expressions of three cell wall degrading enzyme-related genes (PnEG, PnBG, and PnPG) were all suppressed. Overall, this study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms through which SPA inhibits P. neglecta, increasing the possibility of developing SPA into an effective fungicide in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jing-Yu Ji
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bo-Wen Zhang
- School of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yun-Ze Chen
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shu-Ren Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Guo-Cai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Recovery and Reconstruction, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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19
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Cheng X, Man X, Wang Z, Liang L, Zhang F, Wang Z, Liu P, Lei B, Hao J, Liu X. Fungicide SYP-14288 Inducing Multidrug Resistance in Rhizoctonia solani. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2563-2570. [PMID: 32762501 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0048-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a widely distributed soilborne plant pathogen, and can cause significant economic losses to crop production. In chemical controls, SYP-14288 is highly effective against plant pathogens, including R. solani. To examine the sensitivity to SYP-14288, 112 R. solani isolates were collected from infected rice plants. An established baseline sensitivity showed that values of effective concentration for 50% growth inhibition (EC50) ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0138 μg/ml, with an average of 0.0055 ± 0.0030 μg/ml. The frequency distribution of the EC50 was unimodal and the range of variation factor (the ratio of maximal over minimal EC50) was 46.03, indicating that all wild-type strains were sensitive to SYP-14288. To examine the risk of fungicide resistance, 20 SYP-14288-resistant mutants were generated on agar plates amended with SYP-14288. Eighteen mutants remained resistant after 10 transfers, and their fitness was significantly different from the parental strain. All of the mutants grew more slowly but showed high virulence to rice plants, though lower than the parental strain. A cross-resistance assay demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between SYP-14288 and fungicides having or not having the same mode of action with SYP-14288, including fluazinam, fentin chloride, fludioxonil, difenoconazole, cyazofamid, chlorothalonil, and 2,4-dinitrophen. This result showed a multidrug resistance induced by SYP-14288, which could be a concern in increasing the spectrum of resistance in R. solani to commonly used fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkai Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuejing Man
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bin Lei
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 403 Nanchang Road, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, U.S.A
| | - Xili Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Gao Y, He L, Zhu J, Cheng J, Li B, Liu F, Mu W. The relationship between features enabling SDHI fungicide binding to the Sc-Sdh complex and its inhibitory activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2799-2808. [PMID: 32216079 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new generation of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) with high efficiency and broad-spectrum antifungal activity has been frequently used in crop production. Sclerotinia stem rot is a major disease of various plants and crops caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Although benzovindiflupyr and isopyrazam reportedly have high activity against S. sclerotiorum, little is known about the bioactivity of different SDHIs classes against S. sclerotiorum or the mechanism of their differential antifungal activity. RESULTS The in vitro tests revealed that the pyrazole-4-carboxamides of SDHIs (benzovindiflupyr, isopyrazam, fluxapyroxad, pydiflumetofen) had the highest activity against S. sclerotiorum followed by pyridine carboxamides (boscalid), pyridinyl-ethyl benzamides (fluopyram) and thiazole carboxamides (thifluzamide), and of these thifluzamide showed poor antifungal activity with EC50 values greater than 6.01 mg L-1 . The pyrazole-4-carboxamides of SDHIs showed satisfactory protective and curative activity against Sclerotinia stem rot. After treatment with the pyrazole-4-carboxamides of SDHIs, mitochondrial function in S. sclerotiorum decreased significantly. The enzyme activity assays revealed a lower affinity between thifluzamide and the Sc-Sdh complex than was observed for the other six fungicides, with IC50 values ranging from 0.0036 to 1.2088 μmol L-1 . Additionally, the docking positions of fungicides were similar, yet binding energies were different in the docking study with the Sdh complex. The correspondingly weaker hydrogen bonds may be responsible for the poor activity of thifluzamide against S. sclerotiorum. CONCLUSION Understanding different binding features of various SDHIs classes with the Sc-Sdh complex might be beneficial for the design and development of highly effective broad-spectrum fungicides to ensure high yield and quality in crops by reducing fungicide use. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Lifei He
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Jiamei Zhu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Beixing Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P.R. China
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21
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Xu S, Wang B, Li L, Zhou Q, Tian M, Zhao X, Peng J, Liu F, Chen Y, Xu Y, Feng X. Effects of camptothecin on the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 163:108-116. [PMID: 31973846 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae B. Couch is one of the most devastating diseases on rice. Camptothecin (CPT), which was primarily isolated from Camptotheca acuminata, is well-known for its anti-tumor activities, and is also developed as a potential biological pesticide. We previously investigated the anti-microbial activities of CPT against 11 fungi, 3 oomycetes, and 4 bacteria, and found that CPT was strongly effective against M. oryzae, indicating its potential as a lead for developing fungicide against rice blast. However, the anti-fungal effects of CPT on M. oryzae need further elucidation. In this study, the anti-fungal activities of CPT against M. oryzae were further investigated, which revealed that CPT was effective against M. oryzae both in vitro and in vivo. The transcriptome of M. oryzae was analyzed after CPT treatment, which showed that CPT had a strong inhibitory effect on 'translation' and 'carbohydrate metabolism/energy metabolism' of M. oryzae. Some physiology characteristics of M. oryzae were also assayed, which confirmed that CPT inhibited RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism/energy metabolism of M. oryzae, and caused membrane damage. The molecular simulation result showed that CPT binds to the interface of DNA-topoisomerase I complex of M. oryzae. In conclusion, CPT is a promising lead for developing fungicide against rice blast. CPT may bind to DNA-topoisomerase I complex of M. oryzae, thus affecting 'translation' and 'carbohydrate metabolism/energy metabolism', leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xingzeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yannan Xu
- Centre of Co-Innovation for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Cheng Q, Hu C, Jia W, Cai M, Zhao Y, Tang Y, Yang D, Zhou Y, Sun X, Zhao X. Selenium reduces the pathogenicity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by inhibiting sclerotial formation and germination. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109503. [PMID: 31394376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) is a devastating fungal pathogen with worldwide distribution, and threatened the agro-ecological safety in the long term. To control the damage caused by Sclerotinia diseases, as well as consider the fungicide resistance and chemical residues, strategy of which plant nutritional regulation, as an eco-friendly approach, is gaining much significance. Selenium (Se), as a beneficial microelement for plant, has been manifested to be effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of S.sclerotiorum in our previous study. In the present study, we observed that Se (both selenate and selenite) inhibited the formation of sclerotia, which is an important life form in the disease cycle of S. sclerotiorum. And the inhibition ratios of number of sclerotia in treatments of Se(VI)5.0 and Se(IV)5.0 were 54.55% and 43.84%, respectively; the inhibition ratios of weight of sclerotia in treatments of Se(VI)5.0 and Se(IV)5.0 were 42.29% and 25.67%, respectively. Results suggested that Se inhibited mycelial growth, severely damaged sclerotial ultrastructure, reduced the capacity of acid production, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, increased the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2-) in mycelium, and all of these resulted in the reduction in sclerotial formation. Further studies revealed that Se application in medium increased Se concentration in sclerotia and thus inhibited sclerotial germination. Moreover, the pathogenicity of mycelia germinating from sclerotia that pretreated with Se, decreased significantly to rape leaves. These findings broadened our understanding of Se application in plant protection, as well as provided evidences for developing environment-friendly fungicide for S. sclerotiorum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chengxiao Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Miaomiao Cai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanni Tang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dandan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuecheng Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University / Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer / Research Center of Trace Elements / Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China.
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