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Bitschinski D, Warsneski A, Rutkoski CF, Gonçalves GHP, Giasson LOM, Hasckel RP, Israel NG, da Silva EB, de Albuquerque CAC, Lã L, Alves TC, de Campos Guerreiro F, de Almeida EA. Exposure to pesticides used in rice farming (bentazone, chlorantraniliprole and tebuconazole) affects biochemical biomarkers and hepatic histopathological parameters of hammertoad tadpoles (Boana faber). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109960. [PMID: 38885749 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Pesticides used in rice cultivation can cause negative health effects to non-target organisms representative of natural biodiversity. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of pesticides in surface waters from a river that flows in the middle of a rice farming-dominated area. We were also interested in evaluate biochemical and histological effects caused by exposure (16 d) to the lower and higher concentrations of the main found herbicide (bentazone, BTZ), insecticide (chlorantraniliprole, CTP) and fungicide (tebuconazole, TBZ), isolated or mixed, in Boana faber tadpoles. No significant differences were observed in the development of the animals. Tadpoles exposed to the herbicide BTZ showed higher hepatic levels of malondialdehyde (MDA). In animals exposed to CTP, MDA levels were lower than controls. Animals exposed to the fungicide TBZ showed higher hepatic activity of glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase (CbE), as well as higher levels of carbonyl proteins and MDA. Animals exposed to Mix showed higher activity in CbE and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver, as well as higher levels of MDA. In the brain and muscle of tadpoles exposed to Mix, acetylcholinesterase activity was higher. Histological changes were also observed in pesticide-exposed animals, such as increased occurrence of melanomacrophages, inflammatory infiltrates and congestion. Our data evidences the contamination of natural aquatic environments by rice pesticides, and the adverse effects of main ones in B. faber tadpoles, which suggests the contribution of pesticides derived from rice cultivation to the degradation of local biodiversity health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Bitschinski
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Aline Warsneski
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Camila Fatima Rutkoski
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Pereira Gonçalves
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luís Olímpio Menta Giasson
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rony Paolin Hasckel
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nicole Grasmuk Israel
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Elizia Barbosa da Silva
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Claudia Almeida Coelho de Albuquerque
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luíza Lã
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Thiago Caique Alves
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Campos Guerreiro
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Alves de Almeida
- Centro de Estudos em Toxicologia Aquática, Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Av. Antônio da Veiga 140, Itoupava Seca 89030-903, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Teixeira-Fonseca JL, Souza DS, Conceição MRDL, Marques LP, Durço AO, Silva PLD, Joviano-Santos JV, Santos-Miranda A, Roman-Campos D. In vivo tebuconazole administration impairs heart electrical function and facilitates the occurrence of dobutamine-induced arrhythmias: involvement of reactive oxygen species. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 187:114596. [PMID: 38556154 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB), a widely used pesticide in agriculture to combat fungal infections, is commonly detected in global food, potable water, groundwater, and human urine samples. Despite its known in vivo toxicity, its impact on heart function remains unclear. In a 28-day study on male Wistar rats (approximately 100 g), administering 10 mg/kg/day TEB or a vehicle (control) revealed no effect on body weight gain or heart weight, but an increase in the infarct area in TEB-treated animals. Notably, TEB induced time-dependent changes in in vivo electrocardiograms, particularly prolonging the QT interval after 28 days of administration. Isolated left ventricular cardiomyocytes exposed to TEB exhibited lengthened action potentials and reduced transient outward potassium current. TEB also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in these cardiomyocytes, a phenomenon reversed by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Furthermore, TEB-treated animals, when subjected to an in vivo dobutamine (Dob) and caffeine (Caf) challenge, displayed heightened susceptibility to severe arrhythmias, a phenotype prevented by NAC. In conclusion, TEB at the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) dose adversely affects heart electrical function, increases arrhythmic susceptibility, partially through ROS overproduction, and this phenotype is reversible by scavenging ROS with NAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lucas Teixeira-Fonseca
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Santos Souza
- Laboratory of Heart Biophysics, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Leisiane Pereira Marques
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aimée Obolari Durço
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Heart Biophysics, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Polyana Leal da Silva
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julliane V Joviano-Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Laboratório de Investigações NeuroCardíacas, Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais (LINC CMMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Laboratory of CardioBiology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Ku T, Hu J, Zhou M, Xie Y, Liu Y, Tan X, Guo L, Li G, Sang N. Cardiac energy metabolism disorder mediated by energy substrate imbalance and mitochondrial damage upon tebuconazole exposure. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:270-278. [PMID: 37923437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole exposure has been described as an increasing hazard to human health. An increasing number of recent studies have shown a positive association between tebuconazole exposure and cardiovascular disease risk, which is characterized by the reduction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. However, researches on the damage of tebuconazole exposure to energy metabolism and the related molecular mechanisms are limited. In the present study, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with tebuconazole at different low concentrations for 4 weeks. The results indicated that tebuconazole could accumulate in the heart and further induce the decrease of ATP content in the mouse heart. Importantly, tebuconazole induced an obvious shift in substrate utilization of fatty acid and glucose by disrupting their corresponding transporters (GLUT1, GLUT4, CD36, FABP3 and FATP1) expression, and significantly repressed the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (Gabpa and Tfam) and oxidative phosphorylation (CS, Ndufa4, Sdhb, Cox5a and Atp5b) related genes in a dose-dependent manner. Further investigation revealed that these alterations were related to the IRS1/AKT and PPARγ/RXRα pathways. These findings contribute to a better understanding of triazole fungicide-induced cardiovascular disease by revealing the key indicators associated with this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Ku
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jindong Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lin Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guangke Li
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environmental Science and Resources, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Marciano LPA, Costa LF, Cardoso NS, Freire J, Feltrim F, Oliveira GS, Paula FBA, Silvério ACP, Martins I. Biomonitoring and risk assessment of human exposure to triazole fungicides. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 147:105565. [PMID: 38185363 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Risk assessment and biomarkers were evaluated in volunteers exposed to triazole fungicides in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Volunteers were divided into two groups: occupationally and environmentally exposed to pesticides (n = 140) and those unexposed (n = 50) from urban areas. Urine samples were analyzed by GC-MS for triazoles, and samples from men and women in the exposed group were quantified. Groups were further stratified by sex to evaluate the biomarkers results. Oxidative stress was indicated by biomarker analysis for occupationally exposed men with elevated malondialdehyde levels and reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity (p < 0.0001). Bile acid levels were also elevated in the exposed group (p < 0.0001). Biomarkers in this study suggest recent, reversible changes due to pesticide exposure. Liver enzyme levels showed no significant differences. The highest Estimated Daily Intake for epoxiconazole ranged from 0.534 to 6.31 μg/kg-bw/day for men and 0.657-8.77 μg/kg-bw/day for women in the exposed group. Considering the highest detected urinary triazole value, the calculated Hazard Quotient for epoxiconazole was 0.789 for men and 1.1 for women. Results indicate a health risk associated with environmental triazole exposure, highlighting the importance of biomonitoring in risk assessment to prevent intoxication and assist in mitigating adverse health effects from chronic pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz P A Marciano
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luiz F Costa
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Naiane S Cardoso
- Clinical and Experimental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Freire
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Feltrim
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Geovana S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda B A Paula
- Clinical and Experimental Analysis Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Isarita Martins
- Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Analyses, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St. 700, Federal University of Alfenas - Unifal-MG, 37130-000, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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5
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Somuncu S, Atmaca H, Ilhan S. Effects of acute exposure to environmentally realistic tebuconazole concentrations on stress responses of kidney and digestive gland of Lymnaea stagnalis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 105:104352. [PMID: 38141841 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of 24 and 72 h exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of tebuconazole (TEB) (10, 100 and 500 µg/L) fungicide on the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. The focus was induction of oxidative stress, alteration of gene expressions and histopathological changes in the kidney and digestive gland. TEB treatment induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was decreased. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) also increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in both tissues. TEB exposure significantly increased the mRNA levels of CAT, GPx, GR, heat shock proteins HSP40 and HSP70. Histological analysis revealed nephrocyte degeneration and disrupted digestive cells. The study concludes that acute exposure to TEB induces oxidative stress, alters antioxidant defense mechanisms, and leads to histopathological changes in L. stagnalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezgi Somuncu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sakarya University, 54050 Serdivan, Türkiye
| | - Harika Atmaca
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Türkiye
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140 Manisa, Türkiye.
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Horak I, Horn S, Pieters R. The benefit of using in vitro bioassays to screen agricultural samples for oxidative stress: South Africa's case. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:689-710. [PMID: 37814453 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2264739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Applied pesticides end up in non-target environments as complex mixtures. When bioavailable, these chemicals pose a threat to living organisms and can induce oxidative stress (OS). In this article, attention is paid to OS and the physiological role of the antioxidant defense system. South African and international literature was reviewed to provide extensive evidence of pesticide-induced OS in non-target organisms, in vivo and in vitro. Although in vitro approaches are used internationally, South African studies have only used in vivo methods. Considering ethical implications, the authors support the use of in vitro bioassays to screen environmental matrices for their OS potential. Since OS responses are initiated and measurable at lower cellular concentrations compared to other toxicity endpoints, in vitro OS bioassays could be used as an early warning sign for the presence of chemical mixtures in non-target environments. Areas of concern in the country could be identified and prioritized without using animal models. The authors conclude that it will be worthwhile for South Africa to include in vitro OS bioassays as part of a battery of tests to screen environmental matrices for biological effects. This will facilitate the development and implementation of biomonitoring programs to safeguard the South African environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilzé Horak
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Suranie Horn
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Occupational Hygiene and Health Research Initiative, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rialet Pieters
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Marques LP, Santos-Miranda A, Joviano-Santos JV, Teixeira-Fonseca JL, Alcântara FDS, Sarmento JO, Roman-Campos D. The fungicide tebuconazole modulates the sodium current of human Na V1.5 channels expressed in HEK293 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:113992. [PMID: 37633639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The fungicide Tebuconazole is a widely used pesticide in agriculture and may cause cardiotoxicity. In our present investigation the effect of Tebuconazole on the sodium current (INa) of human cardiac sodium channels (NaV1.5) was studied using a heterologous expression system and whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. Tebuconazole reduced the amplitude of the peak INa in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner. At the holding potential of -120 mV the IC50 was estimated at 204.1 ± 34.3 μM, while at -80 mV the IC50 was 0.3 ± 0.1 μM. The effect of the fungicide is more pronounced at more depolarized potentials, indicating a state-dependent interaction. Tebuconazole caused a negative shift in the half-maximal inactivation voltage and delayed recovery from fast inactivation of INa. Also, it enhanced closed-state inactivation, exhibited use-dependent block in a voltage-dependent manner. Furthermore, Tebuconazole reduced the increase in late sodium current induced by the pyrethroid insecticide β-Cyfluthrin. These results suggest that Tebuconazole can interact with NaV1.5 channels and modulate INa. The observed effects may lead to decreased cardiac excitability through reduced INa availability, which could be a new mechanism of cardiotoxicity to be attributed to the fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisiane Pereira Marques
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur Santos-Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Lucas Teixeira-Fonseca
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana da Silva Alcântara
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Oliveira Sarmento
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo Roman-Campos
- Laboratory of Cardiobiology, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Dong Z, Cui K, Liang J, Guan S, Fang L, Ding R, Wang J, Li T, Zhao S, Wang Z. The widespread presence of triazole fungicides in greenhouse soils in Shandong Province, China: A systematic study on human health and ecological risk assessments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 328:121637. [PMID: 37059173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides (TFs) are extensively used on greenhouse vegetables and are ubiquitously detected in the environment. However, the human health and ecological risks associated with the presence of TFs in the soil are unclear. In this study, ten widely used TFs were measured in 283 soil samples from vegetable greenhouses across Shandong Province, China, and their potential human health and ecological risks were assessed. Among all soil samples, difenoconazole, myclobutanil, triadimenol, and tebuconazole were the top detected TFs, with detection rates of 85.2-100%; these TFs had higher residues, with average concentrations of 5.47-23.8 μg/kg. Although most of the detectable TFs were present in low amounts, 99.3% of the samples were contaminated with 2-10 TFs. Human health risk assessment based on hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) values indicated that TFs posed negligible non-cancer risks for both adults and children (HQ range, 5.33 × 10-10 to 2.38 × 10-5; HI range, 1.95 × 10-9 to 3.05 × 10-5, <1). Ecological risk assessment based on the toxicity exposure ratio (TER) and risk quotient (RQ) values indicated that difenoconazole was a potential risk factor for soil organisms (TERmax = 1 for Eisenia foetida, <5; RQmean = 1.19 and RQmax = 9.04, >1). Moreover, 84 of the 283 sites showed a high risk (RQsite range, 1.09-9.08, >1), and difenoconazole was the primary contributor to the overall risk. Considering their ubiquity and potential hazards, TFs should be continuously assessed and prioritized for pesticide risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China; Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Kai Cui
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jingyun Liang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Liping Fang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ruiyan Ding
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Shengying Zhao
- Shandong Shibang Agrochemical Co., Ltd., Heze, Shandong, 274300, China
| | - Zhongni Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Tao Q, Sun Q, Zheng Y, Yin D, Yang Y. A possible but unrecognized risk of acceptable daily intake dose triazole pesticides exposure-bile acid disturbance induced pharmacokinetic changes of oral medication. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138209. [PMID: 36822518 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazole antifungal pesticides work by inhibiting the activity of lanosterol-14-α-demethylase, a member of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), but this effect is non-specific. Bile acids (BAs) are important physical surfactants for lipids absorption in intestine, and synthesized by CYPs 7A1/27A1. Thus, we presume that triazole exposure might influence the therapeutic effect or safety of oral medication through disturbing the BAs pool, even though the exposure is under an acceptable daily intake (ADI) dose. Short- and long-term of ADI dose tebuconazole (TEB) exposure animal models were established through various routes, and statins with different hydrophilic and lipophilic properties were gavaged. It exhibited that the activity of CYP7A1/27A1 was indeed inhibited but the expression was up-regulated, the BAs pool was changed either the content and the composition, and the absorption behavior of statins with strong and medium degree of lipid-solubility were significantly changed. A series of experiments performed on models of intestinal mucus, Caco-2 cell monolayer and Caco-2/HT29 co-culture system revealed that the TEB-exposure induced BAs disturbance made impacts on drug absorption in many aspects, including drug solubility and the structure of intestinal barriers. This study suggests us to be more alert about the hazard of pesticides residues for elderly and chronically ill groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Quan Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Quanwei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yuyu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, 350 Longzihu Rd, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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10
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Ma X, Chen X, Hou H, Liu D, Liu X, Wang P, Zhou Z. Low Dose of Carbendazim and Tebuconazole: Accumulation in Tissues and Effects on Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:326. [PMID: 37112553 PMCID: PMC10142364 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
As two commonly used fungicides, carbendazim and tebuconazole are widely found in the environment and in foods. Studies have reported that these fungicides can induce hepatic oxidative stress and other health risks. Nevertheless, the influences of exposure to carbendazim and tebuconazole at their acceptable daily intake (ADI) doses on hepatic oxidative stress, and the residual distributions in mice remain unclear. To fill these gaps, ICR (CD-1) mice were exposed to carbendazim and tebuconazole at their ADI doses by oral administration for 4 weeks in this study. The results showed that tebuconazole accumulated primarily in the epididymal fat of mice (16.84 μg/kg), whereas no significant residues of carbendazim in the tissues were observed. In addition, exposure to ADI doses of tebuconazole significantly reduced liver coefficients and induced hepatic oxidative stress in mice, including elevating the levels of glutathione and malonaldehyde. However, no significant impacts were observed on the hepatic redox homeostasis in mice after exposure to carbendazim at its ADI dose. The results could be helpful for understanding the exposure risks of carbendazim and tebuconazole in terms of low doses and long term.
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11
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Tresnakova N, Famulari S, Zicarelli G, Impellitteri F, Pagano M, Presti G, Filice M, Caferro A, Gulotta E, Salvatore G, Sandova M, Vazzana I, Imbrogno S, Capillo G, Savoca S, Velisek J, Faggio C. Multi-characteristic toxicity of enantioselective chiral fungicide tebuconazole to a model organism Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalve: Mytilidae). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160874. [PMID: 36521610 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The survey of available scientific literature shows a lack of data on the chronic effects of tebuconazole (TEB) on non-target aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study evaluates toxicity (10 and 20 days) of two considered concentrations 2 ng/L (E1) and 2 μg/L (E2) of TEB to bioindicator species Mytilus galloprovincialis. To this end, the TEB concentrations measured in soft mussel tissues showed a time-dependent increasing trend. The viability of haemocyte and digestive gland (DG) cells was higher than 95 % during the experiment. However, DG cells lost the ability to regulate their volume in both groups after 20-d. The E1 treatment increased Cl- and Na+ levels, and E2 decreased Na+ levels in the haemolymph. In addition, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and oxidatively modified protein (OMP) increased after 10- and 20-d in both treatments. Histopathological findings showed abnormalities in the E2, e.g., haemocyte infiltration, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia in gills and DG. This study reveals the potential risks of TEB usage in the model organism M. galloprovincialis, primarily via bioaccumulation of TEB in food web links, and improves knowledge about its comprehensive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Tresnakova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Sergio Famulari
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Zicarelli
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Impellitteri
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Pagano
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Presti
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopolies, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Filice
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alessia Caferro
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gulotta
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopolies, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Guiliano Salvatore
- Chemical Laboratory of Palermo, Italian Agency of Customs and Monopolies, via Crispi, 143, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marie Sandova
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Irene Vazzana
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, Via Gino Marinuzzi, Italy
| | - Sandra Imbrogno
- University of Calabria, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Via P. Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Savoca
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Josef Velisek
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Caterina Faggio
- University of Messina, Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale Ferdinando Stagno 'd'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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12
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Luo G, Pang J, Sun D, Zhang Q. Stereoselective Toxicokinetic and Distribution Study on the Hexaconazole Enantiomers in Mice. TOXICS 2023; 11:145. [PMID: 36851020 PMCID: PMC9966998 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hexaconazole (Hex) has been widely used in agricultural products, and its residues may pose a potential risk to human health. However, the metabolic behavior of Hex enantiomers in mammal organisms is still unknown, which is important for evaluating the differences in their toxicity. In this study, the distribution of S-(+)- and R-(-)-Hex in mice was detected by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the mechanism differences in the toxicokinetic behavior were analyzed by molecular docking. Good linearities, accuracies, and precisions were achieved for S-(+)- and R-(-)-Hex, with recoveries of 88.7~104.2% and RSDs less than 9.45% in nine tissues of mice. This established method was then used to detect the toxicokinetic of Hex enantiomers in mice after oral administration within 96 h. The results showed that the half-lives of S-(+)- and R-(-)-Hex were 3.07 and 3.71 h in plasma. Hex was mainly accumulated in the liver, followed by the kidneys, brain, lungs, spleen, and heart. The enantiomeric fraction (EF) values of Hex enantiomers in most of the samples were below 1, indicating that S-(+)-Hex decreased faster than its antipode. The molecular docking showed that the binding of S-(+)-Hex with P450arom was much more stable than R-(-)-Hex, which verified the fact that S-(+)-Hex was prefer to decrease in most of the tissues. The results of this study could be helpful for further evaluating the potential toxic risk of Hex enantiomers and for the development and usage of its pure monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofei Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junxiao Pang
- Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering Institute, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Dali Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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13
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Coremen M, Turkyilmaz IB, Us H, Us AS, Celik S, Ozel A, Bulan OK, Yanardag R. Lupeol inhibits pesticides induced hepatotoxicity via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in the rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113068. [PMID: 35483487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at investigating the toxicity of various pesticides on rat liver. It also aimed to show whether this toxicity could be avoided using lupeol. Adult male Wistars albino rats were randomly divided into nine groups. Control groups were given saline, corn oil, and lupeol; pesticide groups were given malathion, chlorpyrifos, and tebuconazole; in the other three treatments, same doses of pesticides and lupeol were given to the rats for ten days. Histopathological examination showed severe degenerative changes in the pesticide groups. Serum AChE activities, liver GSH, total antioxidant capacity levels, AChE, CAT, SOD, GPx, GR, Na+/K+-ATPase, ARE, and PON were decreased, while serum TNF-α, liver LPO, HP, NO, AOPP, total oxidant status, ROS, and oxidative stress index levels as well as AST, ALT, ALP, GST, arginase and xanthine oxidase activities were increased in the pesticides administered groups. It was observed that the PCNA levels determined by the immunohistochemical method increased in the pesticide groups. Also, the results Raman spectroscopy suggest that the technique may be used to understand/have an insight into pesticide toxicity mechanisms. The administration of lupeol demonstrated a hepatoprotective effect against pesticide-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Coremen
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ismet Burcu Turkyilmaz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Us
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Sezen Us
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sefa Celik
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşen Ozel
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omur Karabulut Bulan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Refiye Yanardag
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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Meng M, Jia R, Wei M, Meng X, Zhang X, Du R, Sun W, Wang L, Song L. Oxidative stress activates Ryr2-Ca 2+ and apoptosis to promote PM 2.5-induced heart injury of hyperlipidemia mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 232:113228. [PMID: 35091300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increased cases of hyperlipemia in China and the crucial role of PM2.5 in inducing and promoting cardiovascular diseases have attracting more and more researchers' attention. However, the effects and mechanisms of PM2.5 on cardiovascular system of hyperlipidemia people are still unclear. In this study, hyperlipidemia mice model was established by high-fat diet. Then we exposed these mice to PM2.5 or saline to explore the underling mechanism of cardiac injury in hyperlipidemia mice. The hyperlipemia mice are more susceptible to heart damage caused by PM2.5 exposure. The participation of oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and Ca2+ related mechanism could be observed in this model. After NAC (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) treatment, the oxidative stress level induced by PM2.5 exposure significantly decreased in hyperlipemia mice. NAC effectively alleviated cardiac injury, improved the imbalance of calcium and attenuated apoptosis induced by PM2.5 exposure in hyperlipemia mice. The strong oxidative stress in hyperlipemia mice could lead to calcium homeostasis imbalance and activation of apoptosis-related pathways. This mechanism of PM2.5-induced myocardial injury was also verified in vitro. In our present study, we demonstrated the contribution of the PM2.5-ROS-Ryr2-Ca2+ axis in PM2.5-induced heart injury of hyperlipidemia mice, offering a potential therapeutical target for related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Meng
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China; Tai 'an city central hospital, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province 271000, China
| | - Ruxue Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Xianzong Meng
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Rui Du
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Wenping Sun
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116023, China.
| | - Laiyu Song
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116044, China.
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15
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El-Nahhal Y, El-Nahhal I. Cardiotoxicity of some pesticides and their amelioration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44726-44754. [PMID: 34231153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are used to control pests that harm plants, animals, and humans. Their application results in the contamination of the food and water systems. Pesticides may cause harm to the human body via occupational exposure or the ingestion of contaminated food and water. Once a pesticide enters the human body, it may create health consequences such as cardiotoxicity. There is not enough information about pesticides that cause cardiotoxicity in the literature. Currently, there are few reports that summarized the cardiotoxicity due to some pesticide groups. This necessitates reviewing the current literature regarding pesticides and cardiotoxicity and to summarize them in a concrete review. The objectives of this review article were to summarize the advances in research related to pesticides and cardiotoxicity, to classify pesticides into certain groups according to cardiotoxicity, to discuss the possible mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, and to present the agents that ameliorate cardiotoxicity. Approximately 60 pesticides were involved in cardiotoxicity: 30, 13, and 17 were insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, respectively. The interesting outcome of this study is that 30 and 13 pesticides from toxicity classes II and III, respectively, are involved in cardiotoxicity. The use of standard antidotes for pesticide poisoning shows health consequences among users. Alternative safe medical management is the use of cardiotoxicity-ameliorating agents. This review identifies 24 ameliorating agents that were successfully used to manage 60 cases. The most effective agents were vitamin C, curcumin, vitamin E, quercetin, selenium, chrysin, and garlic extract. Vitamin C showed ameliorating effects in a wide range of toxicities. The exposure mode to pesticide residues, where 1, 2, 3, and 4 are aerial exposure to pesticide drift, home and/or office exposure, exposure due to drinking contaminated water, and consumption of contaminated food, respectively. General cardiotoxicity is represented by 5, whereas 6, 7, 8 and 9 are electrocardiogram (ECG) of hypotension due to exposure to OP residues, ECG of myocardial infraction due to exposure to OPs, ECG of hypertension due to exposure to OC and/or PY, and normal ECG respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser El-Nahhal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science Faculty of Science, The Islamic University-Gaza, Gaza, Palestine.
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16
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Freitas RMP, Linhares BS, Oliveira JM, Leite JPV, da Matta SLP, Gonçalves RV, Freitas MB. Tebuconazole-induced toxicity and the protective effect of Ficus carica extract in Neotropical fruit-eating bats. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 275:129985. [PMID: 33640742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tebuconazole (TEB) is a triazole fungicide widely used in agriculture known to cause metabolic and endocrine disorders in mammals. Several plant extracts have shown to be beneficial against pesticide effects due to their hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. As fruit bats play a critical role in rainforest regeneration and are constantly exposed to pesticides, we aimed at evaluating TEB-induced toxicity and the possible protective effect of the Ficus carica plant extract in Neotropical fruit-eating bats (Artibeus lituratus). Bats were captured and assigned to 4 experimental groups, offered: 1) CTL (n = 6): papaya; 2) DMSO (n = 6): papaya treated with 1.25% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); 3) TEB (n = 6): papaya treated with tebuconazole (commercial formulation) 0.1%; and 4) TEBFC (n = 6): papaya treated with tebuconazole 0.1% and Ficus carica extract (20%) in DMSO (1.25%). After seven days of exposure, TEB bats showed increased lipid peroxidation, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, vascular congestion and inflammatory infiltrate in the liver, and increased serum transaminase enzyme activities. We found the same alterations in oxidative stress parameters in the breast muscles of TEB-exposed bats. In the testes, all oxidative stress markers were increased in TEB bats and corroborate findings of histopathological and increased serum testosterone levels observed following TEB exposure. The co-administration of the fungicide with the F. carica plant extract attenuated most oxidative stress markers in exposed bats' liver and testes and decreased liver damage, but failed to revert the steroid imbalance caused by the fungicide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M P Freitas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Barbara S Linhares
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Jerusa M Oliveira
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Histology and Embryology Sector, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - João Paulo V Leite
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariella B Freitas
- Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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17
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Zhu J, Liu C, Wang J, Liang Y, Gong X, You L, Ji C, Wang SL, Wang C, Chi X. Difenoconazole induces cardiovascular toxicity through oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 216:112227. [PMID: 33848738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Difenoconazole (DIF), a common broad-spectrum triazole fungicide, is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the mechanisms underlying this association. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to DIF (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/L) from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and cardiovascular toxicity was evaluated. Our results showed that DIF decreased hatching rate, survival rate and heart rate, with increased malformation rate. Cardiovascular deformities are the most prominent, including pericardial edema, abnormal cardiac structure and disrupted vascular pattern in two transgenic zebrafish models (myl7:egfp and fli1:egfp). DIF exacerbated oxidative stress by via accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of antioxidant enzyme. Cardiovascular apoptosis was triggered through increased expression of p53, bcl-2, bax and caspase 9, while DIF suppressed the transcription of key genes involved in calcium signaling and cardiac muscle contraction. These adverse outcomes were restored by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), indicating that oxidative stress played a crucial role in DIF-induced cardiovascular toxicity caused by apoptosis and inhibition of cardiac muscle contraction. Taken together, this study revealed the key role of oxidative stress in DIF-induced cardiovascular toxicity and provided novel insights into strategies to mitigate its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Zhu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Chunlan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Yinyin Liang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xing Gong
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Lianghui You
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Xia Chi
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China; Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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