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Li J, Bai X, Zhu G, Liu S, Liu C, Wu M, Zou K, Li A, Liu S. Sanxiapeptin is an ideal preservative with a dual effect of controlling green mold and inducing systemic defense in postharvest citrus. Food Chem 2024; 453:139669. [PMID: 38781900 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Green mold is a common postharvest disease infected by Penicillium digitatum that causes citrus fruit decay, and severely affects fruit storage quality. This work aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of Sanxiapeptin against P. digitatum, and elucidate the possible mechanisms involved. Sanxiapeptin was capable of inhibiting spore germination, germ tube length and mycelial growth. The SYTOX green staining assay revealed that Sanxiapeptin targeted the fungal membrane, and changed the membrane permeability, leading to the leakage of cell constituents. Meanwhile, Sanxiapeptin could influence the cell wall permeability and integrity by increasing the activities of chitinase and glucanase, resulting in abnormal chitin consumption and the decrease of glucan. Intriguingly, Sanxiapeptin could effectively control postharvest decay in citrus fruits, and activate the host resistance responses by regulating the phenylpropanoid pathway. In conclusion, Sanxiapeptin exhibits multiphasic antifungal mechanisms of action to control green mold in citrus fruits, shows great potential as novel food preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoxuan Bai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Gaojie Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Chengxiong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Muci Wu
- School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Ao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shiping Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Yeast in National Light Industry, College of Life Science and Pharmacy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei Province, China.
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Zhou A, Tang J, Du Q, Deng J, Wu J, Ma H, Wang F. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses provide induction resistance mechanisms of Bacillus tequilensis against Colletotrichum fructicola in Camellia oleifera. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108912. [PMID: 38972241 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus tequilensis DZY 6715 was isolated from healthy leaves in Camellia oleifera, and the strain DZY 6715 significantly inhibited anthracnose disease resulting from Colletotrichum fructicola in C. oleifera, besides, its associated mechanism of disease resistance was explored. B. tequilensis DZY 6715 treatment controlled mycelial growth of C. fructicola in C. oleifera, and significantly decreased C. oleifera anthracnose incidence and disease index compared with the control group. B. tequilensis DZY 6715 has strong biofilm forming ability, and also secretes extracellular β-1, 3-glucanase and chitinase, which could cause cell membranes damage and increased cellular compound leakage. C.oleifera treated with DZY 6715 also effectively enhanced enzyme activities and stimulated the synthesis the substances related to phenylpropane metabolism and reactive oxygen metabolism. Moreover, transcript profiling analysis revealed more differentially expressed genes related to phenylpropanoid pathway metabolism and antioxidant system inducing by DZY 6715 compared with the control in C. oleifera. Thus, it can be concluded that B. tequilensis DZY 6715 is a suitable bio-control agent to control anthracnose disease in C. oleifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Junrong Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Qianjie Du
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Jia Deng
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Jianrong Wu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China
| | - Huancheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China; Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Use in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, PR China.
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Ma W, Ji J, Zhang B, Sun W, Zhao J, Zhang J, Zhang G. Antifungal Activity of Sesamol on Pestalotiopsis neglecta: Interfering with Cell Membrane and Energy Metabolism. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:488. [PMID: 39057373 PMCID: PMC11278199 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated the inhibitory effect of Sesamol (Ses) on Pestalotiopsis neglecta. The potential inhibitory mechanisms were explored by observing changes in cell morphology, measuring alterations in cell membrane-related indices, as well as energy metabolism-related indices and changes in enzyme activities related to virulence. The results show that Ses completely inhibited the growth of P. neglecta at 600 μg/mL (minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration), with an EC50 of 142 ± 13.22 μg/mL. As observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Ses treatment resulted in the breakage and crumpling of P. neglecta cell membrane and organelle lysis. Ergosterol content and the total lipid in P. neglecta treated with 300 μg/mL Ses was 91.52% and 54% of that in the control groups, respectively. In addition, spores were stained, increased leakage of intracellular constituents at 260 nm, and decreased extracellular pH. This suggests damage to the cell membrane integrity and permeability. Furthermore, Ses decreased the ATP levels and key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, indicating interference with the fungal energy metabolism. Moreover, the activities of polygalacturonase (PG) and endoglucanase (EG) of P. neglecta treated with 300 μg/mL of Ses were only 28.20% and 29.13% of that in the control groups, respectively, indicating that Ses can reduce the virulence of P. neglecta. In conclusion, our results show that Ses should be considered as a potential plant-derived fungicide due to its ability to disrupt the morphology of P. neglecta, damage cell membrane integrity and permeability in P. neglecta, interfere with energy metabolism, and reduce its virulence, ultimately affecting the fungal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihu Ma
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.M.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingyu Ji
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.M.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Bowen Zhang
- School of Information and Computer Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Wenzhuo Sun
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.M.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jinyan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.M.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guocai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (W.M.); (J.J.); (W.S.); (J.Z.)
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wen A, Zhu Y, Geng Y, Qin L. Physiological response of chestnuts ( Castanea mollissima Blume) infected by pathogenic fungi and their correlation with fruit decay. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101450. [PMID: 38779498 PMCID: PMC11108979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The postharvest decay of chestnuts (Castanea mollissima Blume) limits their industrial utilization, and pathogenic fungi are the main cause for chestnut decay. In this study, the physiological changes and their correlation with the rotting degree of chestnuts were investigated during single or mixed infection by Fusarium proliferatum, Penicillium crustosum, and Alternaria alternata. During the infection period, the activities of cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs) and antioxidant enzymes firstly increased and then decreased, the contents of nutrients decreased, but the levels of physiological indexes increased. The mycelium and spores of pathogenic fungi colonized the intercellular space, and then the mycelium covered the entire tissue surface of chestnuts, leading to the disappearance of cell structure. Notably, the most prominent changes in physiological indexes and ultrastructure were observed in chestnuts infected with three pathogenic fungi. Furthermore, the rotting degree of chestnuts was positively correlated with the levels of CWDEs, antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyan wen
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yiyi Zhu
- Zhijin County Market and Quality Supervision Administration, Zhijin, 552100, China
| | | | - Likang Qin
- School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for the Exploitation of Homology Resources of Medicine and Food, Guiyang 550025, China
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Shu C, Sun X, Cao J, Droby S, Jiang W. Antifungal efficiency and mechanisms of ethyl ferulate against postharvest pathogens. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110710. [PMID: 38643598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Postharvest loss caused by a range of pathogens necessitates exploring novel antifungal compounds that are safe and efficient in managing the pathogens. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of ethyl ferulate (EF) and explored its mechanisms of action against Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium digitatum, Geotrichum candidum and evaluated its potential to inhibit postharvest decay. The results demonstrated that EF exerts potent antifungal activity against a wide board of postharvest pathogens. Results also revealed that its antifungal mechanism is multifaceted: EF may be involved in binding to and disturbing the integrity of the fungal plasma membrane, causing leakage of intracellular content and losing normal morphology and ultrastructure. EF also induced oxidative stress in the pathogen, causing membrane lipid peroxidation and malondialdehyde accumulation. EF inhibited the critical gene expression of the pathogen, affecting its metabolic regulation, antioxidant metabolism, and cell wall degrading enzymes. EF exhibited antifungal inhibitory activity when applied directly into peel wounds or after incorporation with chitosan coating. Due to its wide board and efficient antifungal activity, EF has the potential to provide a promising alternative to manage postharvest decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing 100083, China; United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Xiuxiu Sun
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, 64 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, 68 Ha Maccabim Road, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing 100083, China.
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Xiong M, Yang X, Yao L, Li Z, Zhang J, Lv J. Bioassay-guided isolation of three new alkaloids from Suillus bovinus and preliminary mechanism against ginseng root rot. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1408013. [PMID: 38756729 PMCID: PMC11096550 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1408013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to control the occurrence of ginseng root rot caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., the antifungal compounds of the mushroom Suillus bovinus were investigated. And three new alkaloids (1-3), named bovinalkaloid A-C, along with one known analog (4), were isolated and identified by bioassay-guided isolation and spectroscopic analyses. Compound 1 strongly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of F. solani with minimum inhibitory concentration of 2.08 mM. Increases in electrical conductivity, nucleic acid, and protein contents, and decreases in lipid content showed that the membrane permeability and integrity were damaged by compound 1. Compound 1 also increased the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, indicating that lipid peroxidation had taken place in F. solani. Compound 1 may serve as a natural alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of ginseng root rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Institute of Biology, Hebei Academy of Science, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhuang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianhua Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Nehela Y, Mazrou YSA, El_Gammal NA, Atallah O, Xuan TD, Elzaawely AA, El-Zahaby HM, Abdelrhim AS, Behiry SI, Hafez EM, Makhlouf AH, Hussain WAM. Non-proteinogenic amino acids mitigate oxidative stress and enhance the resistance of common bean plants against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1385785. [PMID: 38711604 PMCID: PMC11070507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1385785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
White mold, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a challenging disease to common bean cultivation worldwide. In the current study, two non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and ß-alanine, were suggested as innovative environmentally acceptable alternatives for more sustainable management of white mold disease. In vitro, GABA and ß-alanine individually demonstrated potent dose-dependent fungistatic activity and effectively impeded the radial growth and development of S. sclerotiorum mycelium. Moreover, the application of GABA or ß-alanine as a seed treatment followed by three root drench applications efficiently decreased the disease severity, stimulated plant growth, and boosted the content of photosynthetic pigments of treated S. sclerotiorum-infected plants. Furthermore, although higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 •-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that S. sclerotiorum infection had markedly triggered oxidative stress in infected bean plants, the exogenous application of both NPAAs significantly reduced the levels of the three studied oxidative stress indicators. Additionally, the application of GABA and ß-alanine increased the levels of both non-enzymatic (total soluble phenolics and flavonoids), as well as enzymatic (catalase [CAT], peroxidases [POX], and polyphenol oxidase [PPO]) antioxidants in the leaves of S. sclerotiorum-infected plants and improved their scavenging activity and antioxidant efficiency. Applications of GABA and ß-alanine also raised the proline and total amino acid content of infected bean plants. Lastly, the application of both NPAAs upregulated the three antioxidant-related genes PvCAT1, PvCuZnSOD1, and PvGR. Collectively, the fungistatic activity of NPAAs, coupled with their ability to alleviate oxidative stress, enhance antioxidant defenses, and stimulate plant growth, establishes them as promising eco-friendly alternatives for white mold disease management for sustainable bean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasser S. A. Mazrou
- Business Administration Department, Community College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad A. El_Gammal
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The International Development and Cooperation (IDEC) Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hassan M. El-Zahaby
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Abeer H. Makhlouf
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Warda A. M. Hussain
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Sánchez-Torres P, González-Candelas L, Ballester AR. Discovery and Transcriptional Profiling of Penicillium digitatum Genes That Could Promote Fungal Virulence during Citrus Fruit Infection. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:235. [PMID: 38667906 PMCID: PMC11051341 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum (Pers.:Fr.) Sacc is the most prevalent postharvest rot concerning citrus fruits. Using the subtractive suppression hybridization (SSH) technique, different P. digitatum genes have been identified that could be involved in virulence during citrus infection in the early stages, a crucial moment that determines whether the infection progresses or not. To this end, a comparison of two P. digitatum strains with high and low virulence has been carried out. We conducted a study on the gene expression profile of the most relevant genes. The results indicate the importance of transcription and regulation processes as well as enzymes involved in the degradation of the plant cell wall. The most represented expressed sequence tag (EST) was identified as PDIP_11000, associated with the FluG domain, which is putatively involved in the activation of conidiation. It is also worth noting that PDIP_02280 encodes a pectin methyl esterase, a cell wall remodeling protein with a high expression level in the most virulent fungal strains, which is notably induced during citrus infection. Furthermore, within the group with the greatest representation and showing significant induction in the early stages of infection, regulatory proteins (PDIP_68700, PDIP_76160) and a chaperone (PDIP_38040) stand out. To a lesser extent, but not less relevant, it is worth distinguishing different regulatory proteins and transcription factors, such as PDIP_00580, PDIP_49640 and PDIP_78930.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Sánchez-Torres
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (IVIA), Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Moncada, 46113 Valencia, Spain
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis González-Candelas
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Ballester
- Food Biotechnology Department, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
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Wang B, Yang J, Zhao X, Feng X, Xu S, Li P, Li L, Chen Y. Antifungal activity of the botanical compound rhein against Phytophthora capsici and the underlying mechanisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1228-1239. [PMID: 37897133 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora capsici is an extremely destructive phytopathogenic oomycete that causes huge economic losses. However, due to the drug resistance risk and environmental threat of chemical fungicides, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly biocontrol alternatives. Rhein is a major medicinal ingredient of traditional Chinese herbs, and it is widely used in the medical field. However, its inhibitory effect against phytopathogens is unknown. Herein, the antifungal spectrum of rhein and its possible action mechanism against P. capsici were investigated. RESULTS Rhein possessed broad-spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogens, particularly P. capsici, Phytophthora infestans, Helminthosporium maydis, and Rhizoctonia solani. Rhein inhibited the mycelial growth as well as the spore germination of P. capsici with mean 50% effective concentration (EC50 ) values of 4.68 μg mL-1 and 6.57 μg mL-1 against 117 P. capsici isolates, respectively. Rhein effectively suppressed the occurrence and spread of Phytophthora blight and significantly destroyed the cell membrane permeability and integrity of P. capsici, corroded its cell wall integrity, and damaged its morphology and ultrastructure. Moreover, rhein caused a considerable reduction in the phospholipid and cellulose contents. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of P. capsici in response to rhein indicated significant reduction in the expression levels of genes participating in glycerolipid metabolism and starch and sucrose metabolism. Additionally, rhein strengthened the disease defense system of pepper by enhancing related enzyme activities. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that rhein could effectively inhibit P. capsici using multiple mechanisms of action. Rhein has the potential to be an efficient alternative to control diseases caused by P. capsici. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzeng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Pirui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Linwei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Eco-Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
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Zhang Y, Tan Y, OuYang Q, Duan B, Wang Z, Meng K, Tan X, Tao N. γ-Cyclodextrin encapsulated thymol for citrus preservation and its possible mechanism against Penicillium digitatum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105501. [PMID: 37532321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The volatility of essential oils greatly limits their industrial applications. Here, we successfully prepared γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) inclusion compounds (γ-CDTL) containing thymol (TL) for the control of green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum (P. digitatum) in citrus fruit. In vitro experiment showed that the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of γ-CDTL against the hyphae growth of P. digitatum was 2.0 g/L, and 8 × MFC treatment significantly reduced the occurrence of green mold in citrus fruit and had no adverse effect on fruit quality in vivo test compared to prochloraz. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), physical properties and sustained release properties were also performed, results indicated that the hydrogen bonds between TL and γ-CD were the basis for the formation of γ-CDTL. We further investigated the inhibition mechanism of γ-CDTL. SEM and TEM experiments showed that γ-CDTL treatment caused severe damage to the hyphal morphology and cells in 30 min and disrupted the permeability of P. digitatum mycelial cell walls by increasing the chitinase activity, thus accelerating the leakage of intracellular lysates. However, the integrity of the cell membrane was obviously damaged only after 60 min of treatment. In conclusion, we prepared a novel inclusion complex γ-CDTL with obvious antifungal effects and preliminarily elucidated its inclusion mechanism and antifungal mechanism. γ-CDTL might be a potent alternative to chemical fungicides for controlling the postharvest decay of citrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Yuanzhen Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Qiuli OuYang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Bin Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Ziting Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Kuixian Meng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
| | - Nengguo Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
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11
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Ding YY, Sun Y, Luo XF, Zhang SY, Wang R, Yang ZG, Wang JR, Zhang BQ, Zhang ZJ, Ma Y, An JX, Zhou H, Liu YQ. Anti-phytopathogenic activity and the mechanisms of phthalides from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2135-2146. [PMID: 36721354 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance of traditional chemical fungicides to plant pathogenic fungi and the threats to the safety of humans and the environment highlight an urgent need to find safe and efficient alternatives to chemical fungicides. Owing to the wide spectrum of antifungal activities, low persistence and nontoxicity to mammals and aquatic life, essential oils have considerable potential as low-risk pesticides. In this study, the essential oil and the main components of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Danggui) were extracted, analyzed by GC-MS, and evaluated for their antifungal activities against six plant pathogenic fungi. RESULTS 3-butylidenephthalide (3-BPH) showed the best antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum with an EC50 value of 14.35 μg mL-1 . The antifungal mechanistic studies revealed that 3-BPH induced the generation of endogenous ROS to cause lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane and inhibited the biosynthesis of ergosterol, thereby causing the cell membrane damaged to exert its fungicidal activity. Significantly, 3-BPH could reduce deoxynivalenol production compared to the control. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the potent fungicidal activity of natural phthalide compound 3-BPH and highlighted its potential as an alternative agent to control F. graminearum. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong Province, Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yue Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jun-Xia An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Han Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Li N, Wu YX, Zhang YD, Wang SR, Zhang GC, Yang J. Phytic acid is a new substitutable plant-derived antifungal agent for the seedling blight of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica caused by Fusarium oxysporum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105341. [PMID: 36963923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA) is a new substitutable plant-derived antifungal agent; however, few reports have been published regarding its antifungal effects on pathogenic fungi. The present study explored the in vitro antifungal activity of PA against four phytopathogenic fungi and found that PA was the most effective at inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro antifungal activities of PA against the seedling blight of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica caused by F. oxysporum and to determine its possible mechanism of action. The results showed that PA inhibited spore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum in a concentration-dependent manner and exhibited strong inhibition when its concentration exceeded 1000 mg/L. It mainly destroyed the integrity of the cell membrane, increasing its cell membrane permeability, causing the cell contents to spill out, and impairing fungal growth. In addition, the leakage of intercellular electrolytes and soluble proteins indicated that PA used at its EC20 and EC50 increased the membrane permeability of F. oxysporum. The increase in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content confirmed that PA treatment at its EC20 and EC50 damaged the cell membrane of the pathogen. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PA affected the morphology of mycelia, causing them to shrivel, distort, and break. Furthermore, PA significantly reduced the activities of the antioxidant-related enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, as well as that of the pathogenicity-related enzymes polygalacturonase, pectin lyase, and endoglucanase (EG) in F. oxysporum (P < 0.05). In particular, EG enzyme activity was maximally inhibited in F. oxysporum treated with PA at its EC50. Moreover, PA significantly inhibited the incidence of disease, and growth indices in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seedling blight was determined. In summary, PA has a substantial inhibitory effect on F. oxysporum. Therefore, PA could serve as a new substitutable plant-derived antifungal agent for the seedling blight of P. sylvestris var. mongolica caused by F. oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yun-Di Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shu-Ren Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Guo-Cai Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Forest Protection, School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Hexing Road 26, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Jing Yang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Guo A, Yang Y, Wu J, Qin N, Hou F, Gao Y, Li K, Xing G, Li S. Lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles of glycerophospholipid metabolism during Hemerocallis citrina Baroni flowering. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:50. [PMID: 36683035 PMCID: PMC9869519 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemerocallis citrina Baroni (daylily) is a horticultural ornamental plant and vegetable with various applications as a raw material in traditional Chinese medicine and as a flavouring agent. Daylily contains many functional substances and is rich in lecithin, which is mostly composed of glycerophospholipids. To study the comprehensive dynamic changes in glycerophospholipid during daylily flowering and the underlying signalling mechanisms, we performed comprehensive, time-resolved lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses of 'Datong Huanghua 6' daylily. RESULTS Labelling with PKH67 fluorescent antibodies clearly and effectively helped visualise lipid changes in daylily, while relative conductivity and malonaldehyde content detection revealed that the early stages of flowering were controllable processes; however, differences became non-significant after 18 h, indicating cellular damage. In addition, phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities increased throughout the flowering process, suggesting that lipid hydrolysis and oxidation had intensified. Lipidomics identified 558 lipids that changed during flowering, with the most different lipids found 12 h before and 12 h after flowering. Transcriptome analysis identified 13 key functional genes and enzymes in the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway. The two-way orthogonal partial least squares analysis showed that diacylglycerol diphosphate phosphatase correlated strongly and positively with phosphatidic acid (PA)(22:0/18:2), PA(34:2), PA(34:4), and diacylglycerol(18:2/21:0) but negatively with phospholipase C. In addition, ethanolamine phosphotransferase gene and phospholipid-N-methyltransferase gene correlated positively with phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)(16:0/18:2), PE(16:0/18:3), PE(33:2), and lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0) but negatively with PE(34:1). CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study elucidated changes in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway during the daylily flowering process, as well as characteristic genes, thus providing a basis for future studies of glycerophospholipids and signal transduction in daylilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Guo
- Department of life science, Lyuliang University, Lvliang, 033000, China
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of life science, Lyuliang University, Lvliang, 033000, China
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Nannan Qin
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - Feifan Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Yang Gao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China
| | - Guoming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China.
| | - Sen Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China.
- Datong Daylily Industrial Development Research Institute, Datong, 037000, China.
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Abd Aziz N, Mohd Salleh NH, Gopinath SCB, Harun Kamaruddin A, Ahmad NA, Ridzuan MI. Valorisation of Momordica Charantia Seed into Phytogenic Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Protection of Oyster Mushroom Against Trichoderma Pleuroticola.. [DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4523932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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15
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Khepar V, Sidhu A, Sharma AB. Nanomaterized zinc sulfide-meerschaum biomatrix efficiently suppressed Fusarium verticilloides with augmented rice seed quality benefits during storage. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:244-256. [PMID: 36131552 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The seed-borne mycopathogen Fusarium verticilliodes is a serious and deleterious pathogen causing substantial losses of rice seeds and grains. Rice seeds are prone to infestation at all points of the production chain and the fungal pathogen continues dormant devastation even during storage, adversely affecting the seed parameters. Its control is compromised due to the nonavailability of recommended fungicides during storage. Nanotechnological interventions can provide effective and ecofriendly alternative against mycopathogens during resting periods. Herein, the zinc sulfide-meerschaum nano bio-matrix (nZnS-MR) is presented to show this strategy, which worked well against F. verticilliodes when applied on freshly harvested rice seeds during 6 months of storage. RESULTS The healthy, smooth and rounded girths of F. verticilloides mycelium were reduced with loss of turgidity, disrupting the hyphal exterior architecture, during in vitro treatment with nZnS-MR, endorsed by staining methodology, crystal violet and intracellular soluble protein leakage assays. In vivo application on rice seeds optimized 750 μg g-1 of nano zinc sulfide (nZnS) for 6 months of application during storage with maximum reduction of disease parameters [seedling blight (1.19%) and seed rot (5.43%)] and most augmented quality parameters [maximum germination (94.14%), seedling length (22.50 cm), dry weight (0.121 g) and vigor index (11.37)]. nZnS-MR acted as a slow release nanoformulation of nZnS for long-term antifungal activity. CONCLUSION nZnS-MR is presented as an ecofriendly, biocompatible, bio-efficient, profertilization, cost-effective green material for the control of F. verticilliodes with rice seed invigorating effect, describing it as new a nano-generation material for efficient storage application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varinder Khepar
- Department of Chemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anjali Sidhu
- Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Anju Bala Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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16
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Zhou AA, Li RY, Mo FX, Ding Y, Li RT, Guo X, Hu K, Li M. Natural Product Citronellal can Significantly Disturb Chitin Synthesis and Cell Wall Integrity in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121310. [PMID: 36547643 PMCID: PMC9784034 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are often favored in the study of crop pests and diseases. Previous studies have shown that citronellal has a strong inhibition effect on Magnaporthe oryzae. The objective of this study was to clarify its mechanism of action against M. oryzae. RESULTS Firstly, the biological activity of citronellal against M. oryzae was determined by direct and indirect methods, and the results show that citronellal had a strong inhibition effect on M. oryzae with EC50 values of 134.00 mg/L and 70.48 μL/L air, respectively. Additionally, a preliminary study on its mechanism of action was studied. After citronellal treatment, electron microscopy revealed that the mycelium became thin and broken; scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mycelium was wrinkled and distorted; and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the mycelium cell wall was invaginated, the mass wall of mycelium was separated, and the organelles were blurred. The mycelium was further stained with CFW, and the nodes were blurred, while the mycelium was almost non-fluorescent after PI staining, and there was no significant difference in the relative conductivity of mycelium. In addition, chitinase was significantly enhanced, and the expression of chitin synthesis-related genes was 17.47-fold upregulated. Finally, we found that the efficacy of citronellal against the rice blast was as high as 82.14% according to indoor efficacy tests. CONCLUSION These results indicate that citronellal can affect the synthesis of chitin in M. oryzae and damage its cell wall, thereby inhibiting the growth of mycelium and effectively protecting rice from rice blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ai Zhou
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rong-Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-8514-8063
| | - Fei-Xu Mo
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruo-Tong Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Luo W, Fan G, Tian P, Dong W, Zhang H, Zhan B. Spectrum classification of citrus tissues infected by fungi and multispectral image identification of early rotten oranges. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 279:121412. [PMID: 35660147 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Citrus fruit is susceptible to postharvest rot by fungal infection. The detection of early rot is difficult due to similar skin characteristics to sound area, which limits the ability of the grading system to evaluate the comprehensive quality of citrus. In this study, the visible and near infrared hyperspectral imaging system with the wavelength range of 325-1000 nm was used to collect hyperspectral images of oranges. Hyperspectral data of three types of tissues including sound tissue from 80 samples, rotten tissue infected by Penicillium digitatum from 100 samples and rotten tissue infected by Penicillium italicum from 100 samples were extracted. The bootstrapping soft shrinkage (BOSS) and BOSS-SPA (BOSS-Successive Projections Algorithm) combination algorithm were separately used to optimize spectrum variables. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model for classifying three types of tissues and PLS-DA model for classifying two types of tissues (sound tissue and rotten tissue) were constructed based on full-spectrum and the selected informative variables. Model comparisonshowed that the BOSS-PLS-DA model can effectively identify three types of tissues with the classification accuracy of 97.1%, while the BOSS-SPA-PLS-DA model was more effective for the binary classification of sound and rotten citrus tissues with the accuracy of 100%. Furthermore, the wavelength images corresponding to the nine informative variables extracted by BOSS-SPA were performed the principal component analysis (PCA), and four feature wavelength images (508, 568, 578 and 614 nm) were obtained by analyzing the weighting coefficients of each single-wavelength images constituting the optimal principal component (PC) image. Finally, a fast multispectral image processing algorithm combined with the global threshold theory was proposed for the rotten orange detection based on the extracted four wavelength images. A total of 280 samples including 80 sound and 200 rotten samples were used to evaluate the classification ability, which showed the proposed multispectral image detection algorithm can successfully differentiate between sound and rotten oranges with an overall classification accuracy of 98.6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Guozhu Fan
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China; State Grid Jiangxi Extra High Voltage Company, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Wentao Dong
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Baishao Zhan
- College of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China.
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Yun T, Jing T, Zhou D, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Li K, Zang X, Zhang L, Xie J, Wang W. Potential Biological Control of Endophytic Streptomyces sp. 5-4 Against Fusarium Wilt of Banana Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:1877-1885. [PMID: 35471064 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-21-0464-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) is one of the most disastrous fungal diseases. Biological control is a promising strategy for controlling Fusarium wilt of banana. To explore endophytic actinomycetes as biocontrol resources against Foc TR4, antagonistic strains were isolated from different tissues of medicinal plants. Here, a total of 144 actinomycetes were isolated and belonged to Nonomuraea, Kitasatospora, and Streptomyces. Forty-three isolates exhibited antifungal activities against Foc TR4. The strain labeled with 5-4 isolated from roots of Piper austrosinense had a broad-spectrum antifungal activity by the production of chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase and was identified as Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus 5-4. Furthermore, disease index of banana wilt was significantly reduced by application of strain 5-4 in comparison with application of Foc TR4 alone. Exogenous application of strain 5-4 increased the expression levels of defense genes such as (PAL), peroxidase (POD), pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1), hydrolytic enzymes (β-1,3-glucanase), lysin motif receptor kinase 1 (LYK-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MPK-1). The antifungal mechanism assay demonstrated that extracts of strain 5-4 inhibited spore gemination and hyphal growth of Foc TR4, and caused abnormally swollen, deformity, and rupture of Foc TR4 hypha. Thus, S. hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus 5-4 could be used as a potential biological agent for controlling Fusarium wilt of banana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyan Yun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Dengbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Miaoyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Yankun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Kai Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xiaoping Zang
- Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 571101, China
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Dimethyl Dicarbonate as a Food Additive Effectively Inhibits Geotrichum citri-aurantii of Citrus. Foods 2022; 11:foods11152328. [PMID: 35954094 PMCID: PMC9368502 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), a food additive, can be added to a variety of foods as a preservative. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of DMDC on Geotrichum citri-aurantii in vitro and in vivo, as well as the potential antifungal mechanism. In vitro experiments showed that 250 mg/L DMDC completely inhibited the growth of G. citri-aurantii and significantly inhibited spore germination by 96.33%. The relative conductivity and propidium iodide (PI) staining results showed that DMDC at 250 mg/L increased membrane permeability and damaged membrane integrity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and 2, 7-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) staining determination indicated that DMDC resulted in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis found that the mycelia were distorted and the surface collapsed after DMDC treatment. Morphological changes in mitochondria and the appearance of cavities were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vivo, 500 mg/L DMDC and G. citri-aurantii were inoculated into the wounds of citrus. After 7 days of inoculation, DMDC significantly reduced the disease incidence and disease diameter of sour rot. The storage experiment showed that DMDC treatment did not affect the appearance and quality of fruits. In addition, we found that DMDC at 500 mg/L significantly increased the activity of citrus defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Therefore, DMDC could be used as an effective method to control citrus sour rot.
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Zhou H, Sun F, Lin H, Fan Y, Wang C, Yu D, Liu N, Wu A. Food bioactive compounds with prevention functionalities against fungi and mycotoxins: developments and challenges. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chen C, Cai N, Wan C, Huang Q, Chen J. Cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis involved in disease resistance against Diaporthe citri in harvested pummelo fruit elicited by carvacrol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3140-3149. [PMID: 34791654 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phomopsis stem-end rot caused by Diaporthe citri, causes significant commercial postharvest losses of pummelo fruit during storage. Carvacrol (CVR) is a known generally recognized as safe and has the ability to prolong the preservation of harvested fruits. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of CVR treatment at the appropriate concentration on Phomopsis stem-end rot development of harvested pummelo fruit inoculated with D. citri were evaluated by the amounts of cell wall components, the activities and gene expressions of related enzymes involved in cell wall modification and lignin biosynthesis. RESULTS Results indicated that CVR completely inhibited D. citri growth in vitro at 200 mg L-1 and significantly controlled Phomopsis stem-end rot development in harvested pummelo. The CVR treatment delayed peel softening and browning, and retarded electrolyte leakage, superoxide radical (O2 •- ) production, and malondialdehyde content. The CVR-treated fruit maintained higher amounts of cell wall material, protopectin, hemicelluloses, and cellulose, but exhibited lower water-soluble pectin amount. Moreover, in D. citri-inoculated fruit, CVR treatment suppressed the activities and gene expressions of cell wall disassembling-enzymes, including pectin methylesterase, polygalacturonase, cellulase, and β-galactosidase, while the development of cell wall degradation was reduced. Meanwhile, the CVR treatment enhanced the lignin biosynthesis by increasing the activities and up-regulating the gene expressions of phenylalanine ammonialyase, cinnamic alcohol dehydrogenase, and peroxidase accompanied with elevated level of lignin in pummelo fruit. CONCLUSION The disease resistance to D. citri in pummelo fruit elicited by CVR treatment is related to delaying cell wall degradation and enhancing lignin biosynthesis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Nan Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-Destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330045, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, 337055, P. R. China
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22
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Insights into the mode of action of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl isothiocyanate on Aspergillus niger. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chen C, Cai N, Wan C, Kai W, Chen J. Carvacrol delays Phomopsis stem-end rot development in pummelo fruit in relation to maintaining energy status and antioxidant system. Food Chem 2022; 372:131239. [PMID: 34627096 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pummelo fruit rapidly depreciate in commodity value due to postharvest fungal decay and fruit quality deterioration. Here, we used carvacrol (CVR) to control Phomopsis stem-end rot (SER) caused by Diaporthe citri in pummelo fruit stored at 25 °C. Antifungal activity of CVR inhibited D. citri growth and Phomopsis SER development. Harvested pummelo fruit treated with CVR delayed firmness loss and lowered electrolyte leakage, and retarded hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation. Unlike the control fruit, the CVR-treated fruit maintained higher levels of adenosine triphosphate and energy charge, and increased ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) activities, along with up-regulated expression levels of the respective genes. CVR improved the antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by higher non-enzymatic antioxidants amounts, higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), and up-regulated expression levels of ROS-scavenging-related genes. Collectively, CVR treatment maintained the energy status and antioxidant capacity in D. citri-infected pummelo fruit, which revealed antifungal mechanisms critical for controlling postharvest fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuying Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Nan Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chunpeng Wan
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Wenbin Kai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Preservation Technology and Non-destructive Testing of Postharvest Fruits & Vegetables in Jiangxi, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China; College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 330075, PR China
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Li Y, Xia M, He P, Yang Q, Wu Y, He P, Ahmed A, Li X, Wang Y, Munir S, He Y. Developing Penicillium digitatum Management Strategies on Post-Harvest Citrus Fruits with Metabolic Components and Colonization of Bacillus subtilis L1-21. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:80. [PMID: 35050020 PMCID: PMC8777893 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus is among the most important plants in the fruit industry severely infected with pathogens. Citrus green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum is one of the most devastating diseases during post-harvest stages of citrus fruit. In this study, a potential endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21, isolated from healthy citrus plants, was assessed for its biocontrol activity against the pathogen P. digitatum. Based on an in vitro crosstalk assay, we suggested that B. subtilis L1-21 inhibits the pathogen with an inhibition zone of 3.51 ± 0.08 cm. Biocontrol efficacy was highest for the fermented culture filtrate of B. subtilis L1-21. Additionally, using GC-MS analysis, 13 compounds were detected in the extract of this endophyte. The culture filtrate in Landy medium could enlarge and deform pathogen spores and prevent them from developing into normal mycelium. Accordingly, the Landy culture filtrate of B. subtilis L1-21 was stable in the temperature range of 4-90 °C and pH of 3-11. Further, MALDI-TOF-MS for B. subtilis L1-21 detected surfactin, fengycin, bacillaene and bacilysin as potential antifungal compounds. GFP-tagged B. subtilis L1-21 easily colonized in citrus fruit peel and pulp, suggesting its role in eliminating the fungal pathogen. Altogether, it is highly expected that the production of antifungal compounds, and the colonization potential of B. subtilis L1-21 are required against the post-harvest P. digitatum pathogen on citrus fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengyuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Pengbo He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Qiaoming Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Yixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
- Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Pengfei He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Ayesha Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiangsong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
- Faculty of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuehu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Shahzad Munir
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
| | - Yueqiu He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (M.X.); (P.H.); (Q.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.H.); (A.A.); (X.L.)
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Peng X, Zhang Y, Wan C, Gan Z, Chen C, Chen J. Antofine Triggers the Resistance Against Penicillium italicum in Ponkan Fruit by Driving AsA-GSH Cycle and ROS-Scavenging System. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:874430. [PMID: 35495682 PMCID: PMC9039625 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.874430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Postharvest fungal infection can accelerate the quality deterioration of Ponkan fruit and reduce its commodity value. Penicillium italicum is the causal pathogen of blue mold in harvested citrus fruits, not only causing huge fungal decay but also leading to quality deterioration. In our preliminary study, antofine (ATF) was found to have a great potential for significant in vitro suppression of P. italicum growth. However, the regulatory mechanism underpinning ATF-triggered resistance against P. italicum in citrus fruit remains unclear. Here, the protective effects of ATF treatment on blue mold development in harvested Ponkan fruit involving the enhancement of ROS-scavenging system were investigated. Results showed that ATF treatment delayed blue mold development and peel firmness loss. Moreover, the increase of electrolyte leakage, O2 •- production, and malonyldialdehyde accumulation was significantly inhibited by ATF treatment. The ATF-treated Ponkan fruit maintained an elevated antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by inducted the increase in glutathione (GSH) content, delayed the declines of ascorbic acid (AsA) content and GSH/oxidized GSH ratio, and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and six key AsA-GSH cycle-related enzymes, along with their encoding gene expressions, thereby maintaining ROS homeostasis and reducing postharvest blue mold in harvested Ponkan fruit. Collectively, the current study revealed a control mechanism based on ATF-triggered resistance and maintenance of a higher redox state by driving AsA-GSH cycle and ROS-scavenging system in P. italicum-infected Ponkan fruit.
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Xie J, Qin Z, Pan J, Li J, Li X, Khoo HE, Dong X. Melatonin treatment improves postharvest quality and regulates reactive oxygen species metabolism in "Feizixiao" litchi based on principal component analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:965345. [PMID: 36035718 PMCID: PMC9403734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.965345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest quality of litchi reduces rapidly during storage at room temperature. This study aimed to investigate the effect of melatonin treatment on postharvest quality and oxidative stress markers of litchi fruit during cold storage. The "Feizixiao" litchi was treated with melatonin solution concentrations of 0.2 and 0.6 mmol·L-1 and then stored at 4°C for 12 days. The results confirmed that the melatonin treatment effectively maintained the appearance and color of the litchi fruit, suppressed the peel browning, and improved the litchi quality. The treatment also significantly enhanced the levels of endogenous melatonin, antioxidant components (total phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanin), and antioxidant enzyme activities of the fruit. It also inhibited the other oxidative stress markers, such as O 2 - , H2O2, MDA, and protein carbonyl content, and upregulated the expressions of antioxidant and Msr-related genes. Correlation and principal component analyses further confirmed that the melatonin treatment effectively delayed the fruit senescence by enhancing the antioxidant enzyme activities and modulating peel browning and reactive oxygen species metabolism of the litchi fruit via regulating gene expression of the related enzymes (SOD and PPO). These findings suggested that the exogenous application of melatonin to litchi during the postharvest is an ideal way to preserve the fruit quality and delay fruit senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Ziyi Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jiali Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
| | - Hock Eng Khoo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- *Correspondence: Hock Eng Khoo,
| | - Xinhong Dong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- South Asia Branch of National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, China
- Xinhong Dong,
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Evaluation of Aspergillus aculeatus GC-09 for the biological control of citrus blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:201-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mishra B, Mishra AK, Kumar S, Mandal SK, NSV L, Kumar V, Baek KH, Mohanta YK. Antifungal Metabolites as Food Bio-Preservative: Innovation, Outlook, and Challenges. Metabolites 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 35050134 PMCID: PMC8778586 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perishable food spoilage caused by fungi is a major cause of discomfort for food producers. Food sensory abnormalities range from aesthetic degeneration to significant aroma, color, or consistency alterations due to this spoilage. Bio-preservation is the use of natural or controlled bacteria or antimicrobials to enhance the quality and safety of food. It has the ability to harmonize and rationalize the required safety requirements with conventional preservation methods and food production safety and quality demands. Even though synthetic preservatives could fix such issues, there is indeed a significant social need for "clean label" foods. As a result, consumers are now seeking foods that are healthier, less processed, and safer. The implementation of antifungal compounds has gotten a lot of attention in recent decades. As a result, the identification and characterization of such antifungal agents has made promising advances. The present state of information on antifungal molecules, their modes of activity, connections with specific target fungi varieties, and uses in food production systems are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwambhar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, Andhra Pradesh 534101, India;
| | - Sanjeeb Kumar Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Lakshmayya NSV
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad 500075, India; (B.M.); (S.K.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea; (A.K.M.); (V.K.)
| | - Yugal Kishore Mohanta
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi 793101, India
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Wang RX, Du SS, Wang JR, Chu QR, Tang C, Zhang ZJ, Yang CJ, He YH, Li HX, Wu TL, Liu YQ. Design, Synthesis, and Antifungal Evaluation of Luotonin A Derivatives against Phytopathogenic Fungi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14467-14477. [PMID: 34843231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crop diseases caused by fungi threaten food security and exacerbate the food crisis. Inspired by the application of fungicide candidates from natural products in agrochemical discovery, a series of luotonin A derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their antifungal activities against five plant fungi. Most of these compounds exhibited significant fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea in vitro with EC50 values less than 1 μg/mL. Among them, compounds w7, w8, w12, and w15 showed superior antifungal activity against B. cinerea with EC50 values of 0.036, 0.050, 0.042, and 0.048 μg/mL, respectively, which were more potent than boscalid (EC50 = 1.790 μg/mL). Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that compound w7 might pursue its antifungal activity by disrupting the fungal cell membrane and cell wall. Moreover, in vivo bioassay also indicated that compound w7 could be effective for the control of B. cinerea. The above results evidenced the potential of luotonin A derivatives as novel and promising candidate fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha Du
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ru Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ru Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Hui He
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Lin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Mo F, Hu X, Ding Y, Li R, Long Y, Wu X, Li M. Naturally produced magnolol can significantly damage the plasma membrane of Rhizoctonia solani. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104942. [PMID: 34446208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight is a destructive fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To find a safe and green measure, the biological activity of six plant extracts against R. solani was determined by mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that magnolol possessed better antifungal activities against R. solani, with an EC50 value of 7.47 mg/L. further action mechanism of magnolol against R. solani was carried out. Studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology of R. solani mycelia was deformation and surface folds. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation on treated R. solani showed that magnolol could induce cytoplasmic membrane rupture and cytoplasmic membrane even disappeared completely accompanied with cellular debris was covered around this fungal, and the mycelia treated with magnolol showed fluorescence after PI staining. Further study showed that the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and relative conductivity of mycelia were increased, while the content of soluble protein and activities of catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NAD-malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) were significantly decreased. These results indicated that magnolol could significantly damage the plasma membrane of R. solani, and interfere with cell respiratory metabolism, thus inhibiting the growth of mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixu Mo
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xianfeng Hu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Youhua Long
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Gur L, Reuveni M, Cohen Y. β-Aminobutyric Acid Induced Resistance against Alternaria Fruit Rot in Apple Fruits. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7070564. [PMID: 34356943 PMCID: PMC8305653 DOI: 10.3390/jof7070564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit body rot and calyx rot caused by Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali is an important disease of apple worldwide. The disease has recently become severe in cv. Pink Lady apple in Israel to an extent that has never been reported elsewhere in the world. No alternative control measures of the disease except fungicides are known. Here, we show for the first time that dl-β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) induces resistance against Alternaria fruit rot (AFR) in apple fruits in the laboratory and in the orchard. AFR was inhibited in fruits treated with BABA of 1000 μg/mL. BABA did not inhibit spore germination or mycelial growth of the pathogen in vitro (up to 2000 μg/mL). It was most inhibitory when applied 4 days prior to inoculation of detached fruits. BABA inhibited AFR also curatively when applied at 24 h post inoculation. Five other isomers of aminobutyric acid failed to protect the fruits from rot formation. Three field trials in commercial apple orchards proved that BABA was as protective against AFR as the commercial standard fungicidal mixture of azoxystrobin and difenoconazole. This research suggests that BABA may serve as a resistance inducer in apple against AFR. It can be used as an adequate alternative to the currently used fungicides or integrated in disease management programs to reduce fungicide load and buildup of fungicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Gur
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Katzrin 1290000, Israel;
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Moshe Reuveni
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Katzrin 1290000, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-54-777-2447
| | - Yigal Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
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Bhatta UK. Alternative Management Approaches of Citrus Diseases Caused by Penicillium digitatum (Green Mold) and Penicillium italicum (Blue Mold). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:833328. [PMID: 35273621 PMCID: PMC8904086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.833328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Green mold (Penicillium digitatum) and blue mold (Penicillium italicum) are among the most economically impactful post-harvest diseases of citrus fruit worldwide. Post-harvest citrus diseases are largely controlled with synthetic fungicides such as pyrimethanil, imazalil, fludioxonil, and thiabendazole. Due to their toxic effects, prolonged and excessive application of these fungicides is gradually restricted in favor of safe and more eco-friendly alternatives. This review comprehensively describes alternative methods for the control of P. digitatum and P. italicum: (a) antagonistic micro-organisms, (b) plant extracts and essential oils, (c) biofungicides, (d) chitosan and chitosan-based citrus coatings, (e) heat treatments, (f) ionizing and non-ionizing irradiations, (g) food additives, and (h) synthetic elicitors. Integrating multiple approaches such as the application of biocontrol agents with food additives or heat treatments have overcome some drawbacks to single treatments. In addition, integrating treatment approaches could produce an additive or synergistic effect on controlling both molds for a satisfactory level of disease reduction in post-harvest citrus. Further research is warranted on plant resistance and fruit-pathogen interactions to develop safer strategies for the sustainable control of P. digitatum and P. italicum in citrus.
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