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The role of PGE2 and EP receptors on lung's immune and structural cells; possibilities for future asthma therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108313. [PMID: 36427569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common airway chronic disease with treatments aimed mainly to control the symptoms. Adrenergic receptor agonists, corticosteroids and anti-leukotrienes have been used for decades, and the development of more targeted asthma treatments, known as biological therapies, were only recently established. However, due to the complexity of asthma and the limited efficacy as well as the side effects of available treatments, there is an urgent need for a new generation of asthma therapies. The anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects of prostaglandin E2 in asthma are promising, yet complicated by undesirable side effects, such as cough and airway irritation. In this review, we summarize the most important literature on the role of all four E prostanoid (EP) receptors on the lung's immune and structural cells to further dissect the relevance of EP2/EP4 receptors as potential targets for future asthma therapy.
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Sex Plays a Multifaceted Role in Asthma Pathogenesis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050650. [PMID: 35625578 PMCID: PMC9138801 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex is considered an important risk factor for asthma onset and exacerbation. The prevalence of asthma is higher in boys than in girls during childhood, which shows a reverse trend after puberty—it becomes higher in adult females than in adult males. In addition, asthma severity, characterized by the rate of hospitalization and relapse after discharge from the emergency department, is higher in female patients. Basic research indicates that female sex hormones enhance type 2 adaptive immune responses, and male sex hormones negatively regulate type 2 innate immune responses. However, whether hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women increases the risk of current asthma and asthma onset remains controversial in clinical settings. Recently, sex has also been shown to influence the pathophysiology of asthma in its relationship with genetic or other environmental factors, which modulate asthmatic immune responses in the airway mucosa. In this narrative review, we highlight the role of sex in the continuity of the asthmatic immune response from sensing allergens to Th2 cell activation based on our own data. In addition, we elucidate the interactive role of sex with genetic or environmental factors in asthma exacerbation in women.
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Bazan-Socha S, Jakiela B, Zuk J, Zarychta J, Soja J, Okon K, Dziedzina S, Zareba L, Dropinski J, Wojcik K, Padjas A, Marcinkiewicz C, Bazan JG. Interactions via α 2β 1 Cell Integrin May Protect against the Progression of Airway Structural Changes in Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126315. [PMID: 34204767 PMCID: PMC8231566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased airway wall thickness and remodeling of bronchial mucosa are characteristic of asthma and may arise from altered integrin signaling on airway cells. Here, we analyzed the expression of β1-subfamily integrins on blood and airway cells (flow cytometry), inflammatory biomarkers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage, reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness and collagen deposits in the mucosa (histology), and airway geometry (CT-imaging) in 92 asthma patients (persistent airflow limitation subtype: n = 47) and 36 controls. Persistent airflow limitation was associated with type-2 inflammation, elevated soluble α2 integrin chain, and changes in the bronchial wall geometry. Both subtypes of asthma showed thicker RBM than control, but collagen deposition and epithelial α1 and α2 integrins staining were similar. Type-I collagen accumulation and RBM thickness were inversely related to the epithelial expression of the α2 integrin chain. Expression of α2β1 integrin on T-cells and eosinophils was not altered in asthma. Collagen I deposits were, however, more abundant in patients with lower α2β1 integrin on blood and airway CD8+ T-cells. Thicker airway walls in CT were associated with lower α2 integrin chain on blood CD4+ T-cells and airway eosinophils. Our data suggest that α2β1 integrin on inflammatory and epithelial cells may protect against airway remodeling advancement in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislawa Bazan-Socha
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-4248023; Fax: +48-12-4248041
| | - Bogdan Jakiela
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Joanna Zuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Jacek Zarychta
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
- Pulmonary Hospital, 34-500 Zakopane, Poland
| | - Jerzy Soja
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Okon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Dziedzina
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Lech Zareba
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (L.Z.); (J.G.B.)
| | - Jerzy Dropinski
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Wojcik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Agnieszka Padjas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; (B.J.); (J.Z.); (J.Z.); (J.S.); (S.D.); (J.D.); (K.W.); (A.P.)
| | - Cezary Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
| | - Jan G. Bazan
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (L.Z.); (J.G.B.)
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Bevacizumab regulates inflammatory cytokines and inhibits VEGFR2 signaling pathway in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of airway hypersensitivity. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:683-694. [PMID: 33742375 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bevacizumab with anti-angiogenesis properties reduces the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and has widely been used to treat various diseases such as lung diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study, therefore, aimed to consider the effects of bevacizumab on VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and lung inflammation of the ovalbumin-induced rat model of airway hypersensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 7 in each group): (1) control, (2) ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized, and (3) OVA-sensitized with bevacizumab (OVA + Bmab). Groups 2 and 3 were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and aluminum hydroxide on days 1, 8 and challenged with OVA on day 15 by atomization for 10 days (inhalation). After OVA sensitization, the OVA + Bmab was treated with bevacizumab for 2 weeks. VEGFR2 was semiquantitatively analyzed in the lungs by immunohistochemistry. VEGF was measured in the lung tissue by ELISA method. The mRNA of IL-10 and IL-6 lung tissue were measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS Ovalbumin exposure promoted the expression of VEGF and resulted in inflammatory factors overexpression (p ≤ 0.05). However, rats in OVA + Bmab group showed significantly a decrease in VEGFR2 and IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and an increase in IL-10 (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION The results show that bevacizumab efficiently diminishes bronchial inflammation via reducing the expression of VEGFR2, and IL-6 genes and enhancing the expression of IL-10 gene. Hence, bevacizumab could be considered as a potential candidate drug to control pathological conditions relevant to airway hypersensitivity.
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Bergantini L, d'Alessandro M, Cameli P, Bono C, Perruzza M, Biagini M, Pini L, Bigliazzi C, Sestini P, Dotta F, Bargagli E. Regulatory T cell monitoring in severe eosinophilic asthma patients treated with mepolizumab. Scand J Immunol 2021; 94:e13031. [PMID: 33606277 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) has been associated with T-helper type 2 (Th2) inflammatory response. A good understanding of T cell functions in asthma is important for therapy, especially in the choice of biological treatments for severe cases. Mepolizumab, an IL-5 antagonist, is indicated for the treatment of severe asthma. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress inflammation by secreting cytokines that inhibit Th2 cell proliferation. We investigated peripheral Treg, CD4, CD8, CD19 and NK cell percentages and their relationship to clinical and functional parameters, including peripheral eosinophils, before and after anti-IL5 treatment. Subjects were 14 adult SEA patients (9 male, 54.1 ± 11.6 years), treated with mepolizumab, and 10 controls. T cells (CD4 and CD8), CD19, NK and Tregs were evaluated by flow cytometry. Comparison of lung function parameters before and after treatment with mepolizumab (T0 and T1) showed an increase in FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and a reduction in blood eosinophil percentages. CD8 and CD16/56+ CD3+ were significantly higher in SEA patients than controls (P = .04 and P = .03, respectively). A decrease in CD45+, CD8 + and CD16/56+ CD3+ cell percentages was observed between T0 and T1 (P = .02, P = .04, P = .03, respectively). A significant increase in Treg percentages (P = .0001) was recorded between T0 and T1. Mepolizumab therapy was found to modulate immune response, restoring immune balance in patients with SEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bergantini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Miriana d'Alessandro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Cameli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Clara Bono
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Perruzza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Biagini
- U.O.S.D. Pneumologia Territoriale e rete respiratoria, USL Toscana Sud Est, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Laura Pini
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Caterina Bigliazzi
- Respiratory Diseases Section, Azienda ospedaliero universitaria senese, Le Scotte Hospital, Brescia, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Piersante Sestini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Dotta
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Fondazione Umberto Di Mario ONLUS, Toscana Life Science Park, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Bargagli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neuroscience, Respiratory Disease and Lung Transplant Unit, Siena University, Siena, Italy
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Kong Y, Rastogi D, Seoighe C, Greally JM, Suzuki M. Insights from deconvolution of cell subtype proportions enhance the interpretation of functional genomic data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215987. [PMID: 31022271 PMCID: PMC6483354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell subtype proportion variability between samples contributes significantly to the variation of functional genomic properties such as gene expression or DNA methylation. Although the impact of the variation of cell subtype composition on measured genomic quantities is recognized, and some innovative tools have been developed for the analysis of heterogeneous samples, most functional genomics studies using samples with mixed cell types still ignore the influence of cell subtype proportion variation, or just deal with it as a nuisance variable to be eliminated. Here we demonstrate how harvesting information about cell subtype proportions from functional genomics data can provide insights into cellular changes associated with phenotypes. We focused on two types of mixed cell populations, human blood and mouse kidney. Cell type prediction is well developed in the former, but not currently in the latter. Estimating the cellular repertoire is easier when a reference dataset from purified samples of all cell types in the tissue is available, as is the case for blood. However, reference datasets are not available for most other tissues, such as the kidney. In this study, we showed that the proportion of alterations attributable to changes in the cellular composition varies strikingly in the two disorders (asthma and systemic lupus erythematosus), suggesting that the contribution of cell subtype proportion changes to functional genomic properties can be disease-specific. We also showed that a reference dataset from a single-cell RNA-seq study successfully estimated the cell subtype proportions in mouse kidney and allowed us to distinguish altered cell subtype differences between two different knock-out mouse models, both of which had reported a reduced number of glomeruli compared to their wild-type counterparts. These findings demonstrate that testing for changes in cell subtype proportions between conditions can yield important insights in functional genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Cathal Seoighe
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - John M. Greally
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Zhang Y, Feng Y, Li L, Ye X, Wang J, Wang Q, Li P, Li N, Zheng X, Gao X, Li C, Li F, Sun B, Lai K, Su Z, Zhong N, Chen L, Feng L. Immunization with an adenovirus-vectored TB vaccine containing Ag85A-Mtb32 effectively alleviates allergic asthma. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:249-263. [PMID: 29302700 PMCID: PMC5859035 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Current treatments for allergic asthma primarily ameliorate symptoms rather than inhibit disease progression. Regulating the excessive T helper type 2 (Th2) responses may prevent asthma exacerbation. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Ad5-gsgAM, an adenovirus vector carrying two mycobacterial antigens Ag85A and Mtb32, against allergic asthma. Using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mouse model, we found that Ad5-gsgAM elicited much more Th1-biased CD4+T and CD8+T cells than bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). After OVA challenge, Ad5-gsgAM-immunized mice showed significantly lowered airway inflammation in comparison with mice immunized with or without BCG. Total serum immunoglobulin E and pulmonary inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase were efficiently reduced. The cytokine profiles in bronchial-alveolar-lavage-fluids (BALFs) were also modulated, as evidenced by the increased level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and the decreased level of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was sharply increased, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-33 was significantly decreased. Importantly, exogenous IL-33 abrogated the protective effects of Ad5-gsgAM, revealing that the suppression of IL-33/ST2 axis substantially contributed to protection against allergic inflammation. Moreover, regulatory T cells were essential for regulating aberrant Th2 responses as well as IL-33/ST2 axis. These results suggested that modulating the IL-33/ST2 axis via adenovirus-vectored mycobacterial antigen vaccination may provide clinical benefits in allergic inflammatory airways disease. Key messages •Ad5-gsgAM elicits Th1 responses and suppresses Th2-mediated allergic asthma in mice. •Ad5-gsgAM inhibits IL-33/ST2 axis by reducing IL-33 secretion but not ILC2 recruiting. •Treg is essential for modulating Th2 responses and IL-33/ST2 axis by Ad5-gsgAM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-017-1614-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianmiao Ye
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chufang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Su
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liqiang Feng
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, China.
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14-3-3z sequesters cytosolic T-bet, upregulating IL-13 levels in T C2 and CD8 + lymphocytes from patients with scleroderma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:109-119.e6. [PMID: 29155097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-13-producing CD8+ T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2-driven inflammatory human conditions. We have shown that CD8+IL-13+ cells play a critical role in cutaneous fibrosis, the most characteristic feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying production of IL-13 and other type 2 cytokines by CD8+ T cells remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to establish the molecular basis of IL-13 overproduction by CD8+ T cells from patients with SSc, focusing on T-bet modulation of GATA-3 activity, which we showed to underlie IL-13 overproduction in CD8+IL-13+ cells from patients with SSc. METHODS Biochemical and biophysical methods were used to determine the expression and association of T-bet, GATA-3, and regulatory factors in CD8+ T cells isolated from the blood and lesional skin of patients with SSc with severe skin thickening. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis determined GATA-3 binding to the IL-13 promoter. ImageStream analysis and confocal microscopy visualized the subcellular localization of T-bet and GATA-3. Transcript levels were decreased by small interfering RNAs. RESULTS Interaction of T-bet with the adaptor protein 14-3-3z in the cytosol of CD8+ T cells from patients with SSc reduces T-bet translocation into the nucleus and its ability to associate with GATA-3, allowing more GATA-3 to bind to the IL-13 promoter and inducing IL-13 upregulation. Strikingly, we show that this mechanism is also found during type 2 polarization of CD8+ T cells (TC2) from healthy donors. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel molecular mechanism underlying type 2 cytokine production by CD8+ T cells, revealing a more complete picture of the complex pathway leading to SSc disease pathogenesis.
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9
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Fuschiotti P. Current perspectives on the role of CD8+ T cells in systemic sclerosis. Immunol Lett 2017; 195:55-60. [PMID: 28987475 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite long-standing recognition of the importance of T cells in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), the role of CD8+ T cells in disease pathogenesis has not been well studied. Our work has shown that over-production of the pro-fibrotic cytokine IL-13 by peripheral blood effector/memory CD8+ T cells is critical for predisposing patients to more severe forms of cutaneous fibrosis. Moreover, IL-13-producing CD8+ T cells induce a pro-fibrotic phenotype in normal and SSc dermal fibroblasts, and exhibit a strong cytotoxic activity ex vivo. We also found that CD8+ T cells are predominantly abundant in the skin lesions of patients in the early stages of diffuse cutaneous (dc)SSc compare to late-stage disease patients. Isolation of CD8+ T cells from the lesional skin of early active dcSSc patients, established that they are skin-resident, express cytolytic molecules and co-express extremely high levels of IL-13 and IFNγ. Other recent studies corroborate these findings and together strongly suggest that CD8+ T cells contribute to SSc pathogenesis through the production of high levels of cytokines with pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic function as well as by exhibiting a cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Fuschiotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, S709 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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10
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Frie MC, Sporer KRB, Benitez OJ, Wallace JC, Droscha CJ, Bartlett PC, Coussens PM. Dairy Cows Naturally Infected with Bovine Leukemia Virus Exhibit Abnormal B- and T-Cell Phenotypes after Primary and Secondary Exposures to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:112. [PMID: 28770217 PMCID: PMC5509956 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that is highly prevalent in US dairy herds: over 83% are BLV infected and the within-herd infection rate can be almost 50% on average. While BLV is known to cause lymphosarcomas, only 5% or fewer infected cattle will develop lymphoma; this low prevalence of cancer has historically not been a concern to dairy producers. However, more recent research has found that BLV+ cows without lymphoma produce less milk and have shorter lifespans than uninfected herdmates. It has been hypothesized that BLV infection interferes with normal immune function in infected cattle, and this could lead to reduced dairy production. To assess how naturally infected BLV+ cows responded to a primary and secondary immune challenge, 10 BLV+ and 10 BLV- cows were injected subcutaneously with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide. B- and T-cell responses were characterized over the following 28 days. A total of 56 days after primary KLH exposure, cows were re-injected with KLH and B- and T-cell responses were characterized again over the following 28 days. BLV+ cows produced less KLH-specific IgM after primary immune stimulation; demonstrated fewer CD45R0+ B cells, altered proportions of CD5+ B cells, altered expression of CD5 on CD5+ B cells, and reduced MHCII surface expression on B cells ex vivo; exhibited reduced B-cell activation in vitro; and displayed an increase in BLV proviral load after KLH exposure. In addition, BLV+ cows had a reduced CD45R0+γδ+ T-cell population in the periphery and demonstrated a greater prevalence of IL4-producing T cells in vitro. All together, our results demonstrate that both B- and T-cell immunities are disrupted in BLV+ cows and that antigen-specific deficiencies can be detected in BLV+ cows even after a primary immune exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C Frie
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kelly R B Sporer
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Oscar J Benitez
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Joseph C Wallace
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Paul C Bartlett
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Paul M Coussens
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Abstract
Asthma is a chronic airway inflammation that is characterized by intense eosinophil infiltrates, mucus hypersecretion, airway remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-37 are two cytokines with anti-inflammatory effects found in immune response. Recent findings suggested that expressions of IL-35 and IL-37 are abnormal in asthma. Functional analysis further confirmed the important roles of them in the pathogenesis of asthma. The present study reviewed the updated evidence indicating the roles of IL-35 and IL-37 in asthma. Hopefully, the information obtained may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiju Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China.
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Wang W, Cheng ZS, Chen YF, Lin YH. Increased circulating IL-9-producing CD8 + T cells are associated with eosinophilia and high FeNO in allergic asthmatics. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:4055-4060. [PMID: 28105134 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic airway disorder mediated by Th2 cells. It has been shown that IL-9-producing CD8+ cytotoxic T (Tc9) cells promote the subsequent onset of allergic airway inflammation in mice mediated by abnormal Th2 immunity. Whether Tc9 cells are associated with the immunopathogenesis of asthmatic patients remains unknown. In the present study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation from all subjects. The frequency of Tc9 cells was measured by flow cytometry. Serum IL-9 levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA expression levels of IL-9, STAT6, and IRF4 in PBMCs from healthy controls and asthmatic patients were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that the numbers of Tc9 cells in allergic asthmatics were significantly increased, compared with healthy controls (P<0.0001). Notably, IL-9 protein and mRNA levels were increased in allergic asthmatics and STAT6 and IRF4 mRNA levels were elevated, as compared with healthy controls. In addition, circulating numbers of Tc9 cells were positively correlated with blood eosinophil counts and fractioned exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels in asthmatic patients. Moreover, the number of Tc9 cells and serum IL-9 levels in asthmatic patients were significantly decreased after treatment with glucocorticoids (P<0.05). These findings suggest that increased circulating Tc9 cells are associated with eosinophilia and high FeNO of allergic asthma, and that abnormal Tc9 immunity may contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Shun Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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Tubby C, Negm OH, Harrison T, Tighe PJ, Todd I, Fairclough LC. Peripheral killer cells do not differentiate between asthma patients with or without fixed airway obstruction. J Asthma 2016; 54:456-466. [PMID: 27736259 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2016.1236941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The three main types of killer cells - CD8+ T cells, NK cells and NKT cells - have been linked to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their role in a small subset of asthma patients displaying fixed airway obstruction (FAO), similar to that seen in COPD, has not been explored. The objective of the present study was to investigate killer cell numbers, phenotype and function in peripheral blood from asthma patients with FAO, asthma patients without FAO, and healthy individuals. METHODS Peripheral CD8+ T cells (CD8+CD3+CD56-), NK cells (CD56+CD3-) and NKT-like cells (CD56+CD3+) of 14 asthma patients with FAO (post-bronchodilator FEV/FVC <0.7, despite clinician-optimised treatment), 7 asthma patients without FAO (post-bronchodilator FEV/FVC ≥ 0.7), and 9 healthy individuals were studied. RESULTS No significant differences were seen between the number, receptor expression, MAPK signalling molecule expression, cytotoxic mediator expression, and functional cytotoxicity of peripheral killer cells from asthma patients with FAO, asthma patients without FAO and healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral killer cell numbers or functions do not differentiate between asthma patients with or without fixed airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Tubby
- a School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Ola H Negm
- a School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK.,b Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department , Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Timothy Harrison
- c Nottingham Respiratory Research Unit, Division of Respiratory Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Patrick J Tighe
- a School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Ian Todd
- a School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
| | - Lucy C Fairclough
- a School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham , Nottingham , UK
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Knobloch J, Yakin Y, Körber S, Grensemann B, Bendella Z, Boyaci N, Gallert WJ, Yanik SD, Jungck D, Koch A. Simvastatin requires activation in accessory cells to modulate T-cell responses in asthma and COPD. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 788:294-305. [PMID: 27343379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
T-cell-dependent airway and systemic inflammation triggers the progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Retrospective studies suggest that simvastatin has anti-inflammatory effects in both diseases but it is unclear, which cell types are targeted. We hypothesized that simvastatin modulates T-cell activity. Circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, either pure, co-cultured with monocytes or alveolar macrophages (AM) or in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), were ex vivo activated towards Th1/Tc1 or Th2/Tc2 and incubated with simvastatin. Markers for Th1/Tc1 (IFNγ) and Th2/Tc2 (IL-5, IL-13) were measured by ELISA; with PBMCs this was done comparative between 11 healthy never-smokers, 11 current smokers without airflow limitation, 14 smokers with COPD and 11 never-smokers with atopic asthma. T-cell activation induced IFNγ, IL-5 and IL-13 in the presence and absence of accessory cells. Simvastatin did not modulate cytokine expression in pure T-cell fractions. β-hydroxy-simvastatin acid (activated simvastatin) suppressed IL-5 and IL-13 in pure Th2- and Tc2-cells. Simvastatin suppressed IL-5 and IL-13 in Th2-cells co-cultivated with monocytes or AM, which was partially reversed by the carboxylesterase inhibitor benzil. Simvastatin suppressed IL-5 production of Th2/Tc2-cells in PBMCs without differences between cohorts and IL-13 stronger in never-smokers and asthma compared to COPD. Simvastatin induced IFNγ in Th1/Tc1-cells in PBMCs of all cohorts except asthmatics. Simvastatin requires activation in accessory cells likely by carboxylesterase to suppress IL-5 and IL-13 in Th2/Tc2-cells. The effects on Il-13 are partially reduced in COPD. Asthma pathogenesis prevents simvastatin-induced IFNγ up-regulation. Simvastatin has anti-inflammatory effects that could be of interest for asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Knobloch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Yakup Yakin
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Körber
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Barbara Grensemann
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Zeynep Bendella
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niyazi Boyaci
- Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Willem-Jakob Gallert
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sarah Derya Yanik
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum, Germany
| | - David Jungck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Koch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Bergmannsheil University Hospital, Bochum, Germany; Department of Pneumology, Clinic III for Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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15
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CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells play a central role in a HDM driven model of allergic asthma. Respir Res 2016; 17:45. [PMID: 27112462 PMCID: PMC4845490 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of asthma is increasing at an alarming rate and while the current available therapies are effective in the majority of patients they fail to adequately control symptoms at the more severe end of the disease spectrum. In the search to understand disease pathogenesis and find effective therapies animal models are often employed. As exposure to house dust mite (HDM) has a causative link, it is thought of as the allergen of choice for modelling asthma. The objective was to develop a HDM driven model of asthmatic sensitisation and characterise the role of key allergic effector cells/mediators. Methods Mice were sensitised with low doses of HDM and then subsequently challenged. Cellular inflammation, IgE and airway responsiveness (AHR) was assessed in wild type mice or CD4+/CD8+ T cells, B cells or IgE knock out mice. Results Only those mice sensitised with HDM responded to subsequent low dose topical challenge. Similar to the classical ovalbumin model, there was no requirement for systemic alum sensitisation. Characterisation of the role of effector cells demonstrated that the allergic cellular inflammation and AHR was dependent on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but not B cells or IgE. Finally, we show that this model, unlike the classic OVA model, appears to be resistant to developing tolerance. Conclusions This CD4+/CD8+ T cell dependent, HDM driven model of allergic asthma exhibits key features of asthma. Furthermore, we suggest that the ability to repeat challenge with HDM means this model is amenable to studies exploring the effect of therapeutic dosing in chronic, established disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0359-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Daniels NJ, Hyde E, Ghosh S, Seo K, Price KM, Hoshino K, Kaisho T, Okada T, Ronchese F. Antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes target airway CD103+ and CD11b+ dendritic cells to suppress allergic inflammation. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:229-39. [PMID: 26104914 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Allergic airway inflammation is driven by the recognition of inhaled allergen by T helper type 2 (Th2) cells in the airway and lung. Allergen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can strongly reduce airway inflammation, however, the mechanism of their inhibitory activity is not fully defined. We used mouse models to show that allergen-specific CTLs reduced early cytokine production by Th2 cells in lung, and their subsequent accumulation and production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. In addition, treatment with specific CTLs also increased the proportion of caspase(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in mediastinal lymph node (MLN), and decreased the numbers of CD103(+) and CD11b(+) DCs in the lung. This decrease required expression of the cytotoxic mediator perforin in CTLs and of the appropriate MHC-antigen ligand on DCs, suggesting that direct CTL-DC contact was necessary. Lastly, lung imaging experiments revealed that in airway-challenged mice XCR1-GFP(+) DCs, corresponding to the CD103(+) DC subset, and XCR1-GFP(-) CD11c(+) cells, which include CD11b(+) DCs and alveolar macrophages, both clustered in the areas surrounding the small airways and were closely associated with allergen-specific CTLs. Thus, allergen-specific CTLs reduce allergic airway inflammation by depleting CD103(+) and CD11b(+) DC populations in the lung, and may constitute a mechanism through which allergic immune responses are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Daniels
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - E Hyde
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - S Ghosh
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - K Seo
- Lab for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan
| | - K M Price
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - K Hoshino
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - T Kaisho
- Laboratory for Inflammatory Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Lab for Tissue Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS-RCAI), Yokohama, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - F Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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Ito C, Okuyama-Dobashi K, Miyasaka T, Masuda C, Sato M, Kawano T, Ohkawara Y, Kikuchi T, Takayanagi M, Ohno I. CD8+ T Cells Mediate Female-Dominant IL-4 Production and Airway Inflammation in Allergic Asthma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140808. [PMID: 26488300 PMCID: PMC4619475 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of bronchial asthma are higher in females than in males after puberty. Although antigen-specific CD8+ T cells play an important role in the development of asthma through their suppressive effect on cytokine production, the contribution of CD8+ T cells to sex differences in asthmatic responses remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the sex-specific effect of CD8+ T cells in the suppression of asthma using an ovalbumin mouse model of asthma. The number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, lung type 2 T-helper cytokine levels, and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by bronchial lymph node cells were significantly higher in female wild-type (WT) mice compared with male mice, whereas no such sex differences were observed between male and female cd8α-disrupted mice. The adaptive transfer of male, but not female, CD8+ T cells reduced the number of inflammatory cells in the recovered BAL fluid of male recipient mice, while no such sex difference in the suppressive activity of CD8+ T cells was observed in female recipient mice. Male CD8+ T cells produced higher levels of IFN-γ than female CD8+ T cells did, and this trend was associated with reduced IL-4 production by male, but not female, CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, IFN-γ receptor expression on CD4+ T cells was significantly lower in female mice than in male mice. These results suggest that female-dominant asthmatic responses are orchestrated by the reduced production of IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells and the lower expression of IFN-γ receptor on CD4+ T cells in females compared with males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Ito
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | | | - Tomomitsu Miyasaka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Masuda
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Miki Sato
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tasuku Kawano
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ohkawara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Motoaki Takayanagi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Isao Ohno
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan
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Lee N, You S, Shin MS, Lee WW, Kang KS, Kim SH, Kim WU, Homer RJ, Kang MJ, Montgomery RR, Dela Cruz CS, Shaw AC, Lee PJ, Chupp GL, Hwang D, Kang I. IL-6 receptor α defines effector memory CD8+ T cells producing Th2 cytokines and expanding in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 190:1383-94. [PMID: 25390970 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201403-0601oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Cytokine receptors can be markers defining different T-cell subsets and considered as therapeutic targets. The association of IL-6 and IL-6 receptor α (IL-6Rα) with asthma was reported, suggesting their involvement in asthma. OBJECTIVES To determine whether and how IL-6Rα defines a distinct effector memory (EM) CD8+ T-cell population in health and disease. METHODS EM CD8+ T cells expressing IL-6Rα (IL-6Rα(high)) were identified in human peripheral blood and analyzed for function, gene, and transcription factor expression. The relationship of these cells with asthma was determined using blood and sputum. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A unique population of IL-6Rα(high) EM CD8+ T cells was found in peripheral blood. These cells that potently proliferated, survived, and produced high levels of the Th2-type cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 had increased levels of GATA3 and decreased levels of T-bet and Blimp-1 in comparison with other EM CD8+ T cells. In fact, GATA3 was required for IL-6Rα expression. Patients with asthma had an increased frequency of IL-6Rα(high) EM CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood compared with healthy control subjects. Also, IL-6Rα(high) EM CD8+ T cells exclusively produced IL-5 and IL-13 in response to asthma-associated respiratory syncytial virus and bacterial superantigens. CONCLUSIONS Human IL-6Rα(high) EM CD8+ T cells is a unique cell subset that may serve as a reservoir for effector CD8+ T cells, particularly the ones producing Th2-type cytokines, and expand in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeun Lee
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine and
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Malmström K, Lehto M, Majuri ML, Paavonen T, Sarna S, Pelkonen AS, Malmberg LP, Lindahl H, Kajosaari M, Saglani S, Alenius H, Mäkelä MJ. Bronchoalveolar lavage in infants with recurrent lower respiratory symptoms. Clin Transl Allergy 2014; 4:35. [PMID: 25905006 PMCID: PMC4405820 DOI: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few data are available about the inflammatory cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from young children with frequent wheeze. The first aim was to investigate the BAL cellular and cytokine profiles in infants with recurrent lower respiratory symptoms in whom bronchoscopy was indicated for clinical symptom evaluation. The second aim was to relate the BAL results with the histological findings of the endobronchial carina biopsies. METHODS Thirty-nine infants (median age 0.9 years) underwent lung function testing by whole-body plethysmography prior to the bronchoscopy. The BAL differential cell counts and cytokine levels were quantified. These findings were compared with the histological findings of the endobronchial carina biopsies. RESULTS The differential cytology reflected mainly that described for healthy infants with lymphocyte counts at the upper range level. A positive association between BAL CD8+ lymphocytes and neutrophils and endobronchial reticular basement membrane was found. Detectable levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine proteins IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-33 were found, whereas levels of Th2-type cytokine proteins were low. Frequent wheeze was the only clinical characteristic significantly related to detectable combined pro-inflammatory cytokine profile. Lung function did not correlate with any cytokine. CONCLUSIONS A positive association between BAL CD8+ lymphocytes and neutrophils and endobronchial reticular basement thickness was found. Detectable production of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated positively with frequent wheeze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Malmström
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 160, Helsinki, FI 00029 Finland
| | - Maili Lehto
- Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Timo Paavonen
- Department of Pathology, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere University Central Hospital, and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Sarna
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna S Pelkonen
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 160, Helsinki, FI 00029 Finland
| | - L Pekka Malmberg
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 160, Helsinki, FI 00029 Finland
| | - Harry Lindahl
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Kajosaari
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sejal Saglani
- Department of Respiratory Pediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mika J Mäkelä
- Department of Allergy, Helsinki University Central Hospital, PO Box 160, Helsinki, FI 00029 Finland
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Pazmiño FA, Navarrete Jiménez ML. Mecanismos inmunológicos implicados en la patología del asma alérgica. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v62n2.45417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Neunkirchner A, Schmetterer KG, Pickl WF. Lymphocyte-based model systems for allergy research: a historic overview. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2014; 163:259-91. [PMID: 24777172 DOI: 10.1159/000360163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, a multitude of studies applying distinct in vitro and in vivo model systems have contributed greatly to our better understanding of the initiation and regulation of inflammatory processes leading to allergic diseases. Over the years, it has become evident that among lymphocytes, not only IgE-producing B cells and allergy-orchestrating CD4(+) helper cells but also cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, γδ-T cells and innate lymphoid cells, as well as regulatory lymphocytes, might critically shape the immune response towards usually innocuous allergens. In this review, we provide a historic overview of pioneering work leading to the establishment of important lymphocyte-based model systems for allergy research. Moreover, we contrast the original findings with our currently more refined knowledge to appreciate the actual validity of the respective models and to reassess the conclusions obtained from them. Conflicting studies and interpretations are identified and discussed. The tables are intended to provide an easy overview of the field not only for scientists newly entering the field but also for the broader readership interested in updating their knowledge. Along those lines, herein we discuss in vitro and in vivo approaches to the investigation of lymphocyte effector cell activation, polarization and regulation, and describe depletion and adoptive transfer models along with gene knockout and transgenic (tg) methodologies. In addition, novel attempts to establish humanized T cell antigen receptor tg mouse models for allergy research are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Neunkirchner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fuschiotti P, Larregina AT, Ho J, Feghali-Bostwick C, Medsger TA. Interleukin-13-producing CD8+ T cells mediate dermal fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:236-46. [PMID: 23001877 DOI: 10.1002/art.37706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibrosis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc). T cells are the predominant inflammatory infiltrate in affected tissue and are thought to produce cytokines that drive the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by fibroblasts, resulting in excessive fibrosis. We have previously shown that aberrant interleukin-13 (IL-13) production by peripheral blood effector CD8+ T cells from SSc patients correlates with the extent of skin fibrosis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of IL-13 production by CD8+ T cells in dermal fibrosis, an early and specific manifestation of SSc. METHODS ECM protein production by normal dermal fibroblasts cocultured with SSc CD8+ T cell supernatants was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Skin-homing receptor expression and IL-13 production by CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood of SSc patients were measured by flow cytometry. IL-13+ and CD8+ cells in sclerotic skin were identified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS IL-13-producing circulating CD8+ T cells from patients with SSc expressed skin-homing receptors and induced a profibrotic phenotype in normal dermal fibroblasts, which was inhibited by an anti-IL-13 antibody. High numbers of CD8+ T cells and IL-13+ cells were found in the skin lesions of SSc patients, particularly during the early inflammatory phase of the disease. CONCLUSION These findings show that IL-13-producing CD8+ T cells are directly involved in modulating dermal fibrosis in SSc. The demonstration that CD8+ T cells homing to the skin early in the course of SSc are associated with accumulation of IL-13 is an important mechanistic contribution to the understanding of the pathogenesis of dermal fibrosis in SSc and may represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Fuschiotti
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
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NOD1 cooperates with TLR2 to enhance T cell receptor-mediated activation in CD8 T cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42170. [PMID: 22848741 PMCID: PMC3407091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRR), like Toll-like receptors (TLR) and NOD-like receptors (NLR), are involved in the detection of microbial infections and tissue damage by cells of the innate immune system. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that TLR2 can additionally function as a costimulatory receptor on CD8 T cells. Here, we establish that the intracytosolic receptor NOD1 is expressed and functional in CD8 T cells. We show that C12-iEDAP, a synthetic ligand for NOD1, has a direct impact on both murine and human CD8 T cells, increasing proliferation and effector functions of cells activated via their T cell receptor (TCR). This effect is dependent on the adaptor molecule RIP2 and is associated with an increased activation of the NF-κB, JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NOD1 stimulation can cooperate with TLR2 engagement on CD8 T cells to enhance TCR-mediated activation. Altogether our results indicate that NOD1 might function as an alternative costimulatory receptor in CD8 T cells. Our study provides new insights into the function of NLR in T cells and extends to NOD1 the recent concept that PRR stimulation can directly control T cell functions.
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McNamara JT, Schramm CM, Singh A, Secor ER, Guernsey LA, Lefrançois L, Thrall RS. Phenotypic changes to the endogenous antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response correlates with the development and resolution of allergic airway disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1991-2000. [PMID: 22452921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of asthma remains controversial, as both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions have been suggested. This study was designed to examine the endogenous CD8(+) T cell response in a biphasic ovalbumin (OVA)-induced model of allergic airway disease (AAD) and its subsequent resolution with the development of local inhalational tolerance (LIT). We observed increases in OVA-specific CD8(+) T cell numbers in the local lung compartments (bronchoalveolar lavage, lung tissue, hilar lymph node) at AAD and LIT; systemic compartments (spleen, inguinal lymph node) displayed no such increases in CD8(+) T cell numbers. OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells appeared to exhibit plasticity both phenotypically and functionally. They possessed pro-inflammatory characteristics at AAD, with high phenotypic expression of CD11a and increased functional expression of granzyme B and interferon-γ. In contrast, at LIT they showed increased phenotypic expression of the inhibitory marker NKG2A and functionally did not produce granzyme B or interferon-γ. In addition, in a discontinuous model the OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells could be recalled on re-exposure to OVA, demonstrating memory. Finally, confocal microscopy results showed that OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells at AAD are associated with B cell aggregates in lung tissue. These B cell aggregates resembled tertiary ectopic lymphoid tissue and may thus provide a local environment for the salient cellular interactions that contribute to the development of LIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T McNamara
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Enomoto N, Hyde E, Ma JZI, Yang J, Forbes-Blom E, Delahunt B, Le Gros G, Ronchese F. Allergen-specific CTL require perforin expression to suppress allergic airway inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:1734-41. [PMID: 22250087 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific CTL have a protective effect on allergic airway inflammation, a function thought to be mediated by cytokines, especially IFN-γ. However, the contribution of cytotoxic function to this protective effect has not been investigated. We examined the contribution of cytotoxic function to the therapeutic effect of allergen-specific CTL in allergic airway inflammation. We used a murine model of allergic airway inflammation in which mice were sensitized to OVA and then challenged with the same Ag via the intranasal route. CTL were elicited in these mice by immunization with dendritic cells (DC) or by adoptive transfer of in vitro-activated CD8(+) T cells. Hallmark features of allergic asthma, such as infiltration of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mucus production, were assessed. Suppression of allergic airway inflammation by allergen-specific CTL was critically dependent on the expression of perforin, a key component of the cytotoxic machinery. Both perforin-sufficient and perforin-deficient allergen-specific CTL were recovered from the lungs of allergen-sensitized mice and upregulated CD69 expression and secreted the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α upon intranasal allergen challenge. However, only perforin-sufficient CTL inhibited eosinophil infiltration in the airway, mucus production, and cytokine accumulation in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Treatment with allergen-specific CTL, but not their perforin-deficient counterparts, was also associated with a decrease in the number of DC in the mediastinal lymph node. Our data suggest that the cytotoxic function of allergen-specific CD8(+) T cells is critical to their ability to moderate allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Enomoto
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, 6012 Wellington, New Zealand
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26
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Du R, Litonjua AA, Tantisira KG, Lasky-Su J, Sunyaev SR, Klanderman BJ, Celedón JC, Avila L, Soto-Quiros ME, Weiss ST. Genome-wide association study reveals class I MHC-restricted T cell-associated molecule gene (CRTAM) variants interact with vitamin D levels to affect asthma exacerbations. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 129:368-73, 373.e1-5. [PMID: 22051697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has recently been shown that vitamin D deficiency can increase asthma development and severity and that variations in vitamin D receptor genes are associated with asthma susceptibility. OBJECTIVE We sought to find genetic factors that might interact with vitamin D levels to affect the risk of asthma exacerbation. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide study of gene-vitamin D interaction on asthma exacerbations using population-based and family-based approaches on 403 subjects and trios from the Childhood Asthma Management Program. Twenty-three polymorphisms with significant interactions were studied in a replication analysis in 584 children from a Costa Rican cohort. RESULTS We identified 3 common variants in the class I MHC-restricted T cell-associated molecule gene (CRTAM) that were associated with an increased rate of asthma exacerbations based on the presence of a low circulating vitamin D level. These results were replicated in a second independent population (unadjusted combined interaction, P = .00028-.00097; combined odds ratio, 3.28-5.38). One variant, rs2272094, is a nonsynonymous coding polymorphism of CRTAM. Functional studies on cell lines confirmed the interaction of vitamin D and rs2272094 on CRTAM expression. CRTAM is highly expressed in activated human CD8(+) and natural killer T cells, both of which have been implicated in asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION The findings highlight an important gene-environment interaction that elucidates the role of vitamin D and CD8(+) and natural killer T cells in asthma exacerbation in a genome-wide gene-environment interaction study that has been replicated in an independent population. The results suggest the potential importance of maintaining adequate vitamin D levels in subsets of high-risk asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Du
- Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass 02115, USA.
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27
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Lin Y, Yan H, Xiao Y, Piao H, Xiang R, Jiang L, Chen H, Huang K, Guo Z, Zhou W, Lu B, Gao J. Attenuation of antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in CXCR3 knockout mice. Respir Res 2011; 12:123. [PMID: 21939519 PMCID: PMC3199245 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-12-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD8+ T cells participate in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic pulmonary inflammation that are characteristics of asthma. CXCL10 by binding to CXCR3 expressed preferentially on activated CD8+ T cells, attracts T cells homing to the lung. We studied the contribution and limitation of CXCR3 to AHR and airway inflammation induced by ovalbumin (OVA) using CXCR3 knockout (KO) mice. Methods Mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA. Lung histopathological changes, AHR, cellular composition and levels of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and lungs at mRNA and protein levels, were compared between CXCR3 KO mice and wild type (WT) mice. Results Compared with the WT controls, CXCR3 KO mice showed less OVA-induced infiltration of inflammatory cells around airways and vessels, and less mucus production. CXCR3 KO mice failed to develop significant AHR. They also demonstrated significantly fewer CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells in BAL fluid, lower levels of TNFα and IL-4 in lung tissue measured by real-time RT-PCR and in BAL fluid by ELISA, with significant elevation of IFNγ mRNA and protein expression levels. Conclusions We conclude that CXCR3 is crucial for AHR and airway inflammation by promoting recruitment of more CD8+ T cells, as well as CD4+ T cells, and initiating release of proinflammatory mediators following OVA sensitization and challenge. CXCR3 may represent a novel therapeutic target for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Mullane K. Asthma translational medicine: report card. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:567-85. [PMID: 21741955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, scientific research into asthma has focused almost exclusively on one component of the disorder - airway inflammation - as being the key underlying feature. These studies have provided a remarkably detailed and comprehensive picture of the events following antigen challenge that lead to an influx of T cells and eosinophils in the airways. Indeed, in basic research, even the term "asthma" has become synonymous with a T helper 2 cell-mediated disorder. From this cascade of cellular activation processes and mediators that have been identified it has been possible to pinpoint critical junctures for therapeutic intervention, leading experimentalists to produce therapies that are very effective in decreasing airway inflammation in animal models. Many of these compounds have now completed early Phase 2 "proof-of-concept" clinical trials so the translational success of the basic research model can be evaluated. This commentary discusses clinical results from 39 compounds and biologics acting at 23 different targets, and while 6 of these drugs can be regarded as a qualified success, none benefit the bulk of asthma sufferers. Despite this disappointing rate of success, the same immune paradigm and basic research models, with a few embellishments to incorporate newly identified cells and mediators, continue to drive target identification and drug discovery efforts. It is time to re-evaluate the focus of these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mullane
- Profectus Pharma Consulting, Inc, San Jose, CA 95125, United States.
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Okuyama K, Hamanaka Y, Kawano T, Ohkawara Y, Takayanagi M, Kikuchi T, Ohno I. T cell subsets related with a sex difference in IL-5 production. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 155 Suppl 1:21-6. [PMID: 21646791 DOI: 10.1159/000327261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before puberty, the prevalence and severity of asthma are higher in boys than in girls, but this pattern is reversed after puberty. The underlying mechanisms of these gender differences in asthma are not fully understood. Using murine models of allergic asthma, a sex difference in Th2 cytokine production has been suggested to contribute to the gender differences in asthma. Therefore, we determined which subsets of T cells are involved in the sex difference in Th2 cytokine production. METHODS Splenocytes from wild-type mice and CD4+ T cell-, CD8+ T cell-, and iNKT cell-deficient mice were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies for 3 days, and the concentrations of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ in the cultures were measured by ELISA. RESULTS IL-5, but not IL-4 and IL-13, concentrations in culture derived from female wild-type mice were significantly higher than those in male wild-type mice. The sex difference in IL-5 concentrations was not observed in the cultures of splenocytes from CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-deficient mice. The disappearance of the sex differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-deficient mice was attributable to a decrease in IL-5 concentration in female mice and an increase in IL-5 concentration in male mice. In iNKT cell-deficient mice, the sex difference was still observed. There was no significant difference between the sexes in any type of mice with respect to IFN-γ production. CONCLUSIONS There was a sex difference in IL-5 production by splenocytes stimulated by TCR activation. The difference might be attributable to sex differences in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Okuyama
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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30
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Abstract
Asthma has been considered a T helper 2 (T(H)2) cell-associated inflammatory disease, and T(H)2-type cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5 and IL-13, are thought to drive the disease pathology in patients. Although atopic asthma has a substantial T(H)2 cell component, the disease is notoriously heterogeneous, and recent evidence has suggested that other T cells also contribute to the development of asthma. Here, we discuss the roles of different T cell subsets in the allergic lung, consider how each subset can contribute to the development of allergic pathology and evaluate how we might manipulate these cells for new asthma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare M Lloyd
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Amedei A, Codolo G, Del Prete G, de Bernard M, D'Elios MM. The effect of Helicobacter pylori on asthma and allergy. J Asthma Allergy 2010; 3:139-47. [PMID: 21437048 PMCID: PMC3047919 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori and asthma and allergy. H. pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which represents the major cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, and preferentially elicits a T helper (Th)-1 response. Many H. pylori factors, such as the neutrophil-activating factor of H. pylori (HP-NAP), are able to drive Th-1 polarization and to display a powerful inhibition of allergic Th-2 response. This article proposes an overview of the actual knowledge about the effects of H. pylori on asthma and allergy. Special attention has been drawn to HP-NAP as a potential novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of asthma and atopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amedeo Amedei
- Policlinico AOU Careggi, Department Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
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33
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Ohta N, Fukase S, Suzuki Y, Ito T, Yoshitake H, Aoyagi M. Increase of Th2 and Tc1 cells in patients with Kimura's disease. Auris Nasus Larynx 2010; 38:77-82. [PMID: 20554415 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Th1/Th2 cytokine imbalance with a predominance of Th2 cytokines has been suggested to be of pathogenic importance in Kimura's disease. METHODS To evaluate the role of Th1/Th2 cytokines in Kimura's disease, the subsets of Th1, Th2, Tc1 and Tc2 cells from patients with Kimura's disease were examined by intracellular cytokine flow cytometry. The expressions of IL-5, eotaxin and RANTES in the lesions were investigated by RT-PCR. RESULTS The population of Th2 and Tc1 cells in Kimura's disease was significantly increased compared with these cells in control (p<0.05). Th1 and Tc2 cells in Kimura's disease were not significantly increased compared with control subjects. The titers of IgE and the number of Th2 cells were correlated. The expression of IL-5 and RANES was observed in the lesions of patients with Kimura's disease. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the predominance of Th2 and Tc1 cells might contribute to the mechanism in pathogenesis of Kimura's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Ohta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Iida-nishi, Japan.
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34
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D'Elios MM, de Bernard M. To treat or not to treat Helicobacter pylori to benefit asthma patients. Expert Rev Respir Med 2010; 4:147-50. [PMID: 20406078 DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Lynch RM, Naswa S, Rogers GL, Kania SA, Das S, Chesler EJ, Saxton AM, Langston MA, Voy BH. Identifying genetic loci and spleen gene coexpression networks underlying immunophenotypes in BXD recombinant inbred mice. Physiol Genomics 2010; 41:244-53. [PMID: 20179155 PMCID: PMC4073992 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00020.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in the susceptibility to and progression of a variety of diseases. Due to a strong genetic basis, heritable differences in immune function may contribute to differential disease susceptibility between individuals. Genetic reference populations, such as the BXD (C57BL/6J × DBA/2J) panel of recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains, provide unique models through which to integrate baseline phenotypes in healthy individuals with heritable risk for disease because of the ability to combine data collected from these populations across both multiple studies and time. We performed basic immunophenotyping (e.g., percentage of circulating B and T lymphocytes and CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell subpopulations) in peripheral blood of healthy mice from 41 BXD RI strains to define the immunophenotypic variation in this strain panel and to characterize the genetic architecture that underlies these traits. Significant QTL models that explained the majority (50-77%) of phenotypic variance were derived for each trait and for the T:B cell and CD4(+):CD8(+) ratios. Combining QTL mapping with spleen gene expression data uncovered two quantitative trait transcripts, Ptprk and Acp1, as candidates for heritable differences in the relative abundance of helper and cytotoxic T cells. These data will be valuable in extracting genetic correlates of the immune system in the BXD panel. In addition, they will be a useful resource for prospective, phenotype-driven model selection to test hypotheses about differential disease or environmental susceptibility between individuals with baseline differences in the composition of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Lynch
- Systems Genetics Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge
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Amaral MM, Alvarez C, Langellotti C, Geffner J, Vermeulen M. Histamine-treated dendritic cells improve recruitment of type 2 CD8 T cells in the lungs of allergic mice. Immunology 2010; 130:589-96. [PMID: 20406304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine controls the function of dendritic cells (DCs). It appears to be required for the normal development of DCs. It also induces the chemotaxis of immature DCs and promotes the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells into cells with a T helper type 2 (Th2) profile. Moreover, we have recently shown that histamine stimulates both the uptake and the cross-presentation of antigens by DCs, supporting the theory that histamine promotes activation of CD8(+) T cells during the development of allergic pathologies. Here, we investigated whether the course of an allergic response, in a well-defined model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation, could be modulated by intratracheal injection of OVA-pulsed DCs previously treated with histamine (DCHISs). Compared with control DCs, DCHISs induced: (i) greater recruitment of CD8(+) T cells in the lung, (ii) greater stimulation of the production of interleukin (IL)-5 by lung CD8(+) T cells, and (iii) increased recruitment of CD11c/CD8 double-positive DCs in the lungs of allergic mice. Moreover, mice treated with DCHISs showed increased levels of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies directed to OVA, and a higher proportion of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) compared with mice treated with OVA-pulsed control DCs. Our results support the notion that histamine, by acting on DCs, increases the severity of allergic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Amaral
- Institute of Hematologic Research, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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D'Elios MM, Codolo G, Amedei A, Mazzi P, Berton G, Zanotti G, Del Prete G, de Bernard M. Helicobacter pylori, asthma and allergy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 56:1-8. [PMID: 19220467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2009.00537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma and allergic diseases are orchestrated by T-cells producing T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5, and are inhibited by Th1 responses. Helicobacter pylori has chronically infected the human population for c. 100,000 years and preferentially elicits a Th1 mucosal immune response with the production of interferon-gamma and IL-12. Among several bacterial factors, the neutrophil-activating protein of H. pylori (HP-NAP) not only plays a key role in driving Th1 inflammation but it is also able to inhibit Th2 responses in vitro and in vivo in allergic bronchial asthma, in humans and mice. Both systemic and mucosal administrations of HP-NAP are successful in reducing eosinophilia, immunoglobulin E and systemic Th2 cytokines at the bronchial level. Thus, these results identify HP-NAP as a candidate for novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.
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