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Qiu WL, Chao CH, Hsu YC, Lu MK. Anti-inflammatory potential of low-molecular-weight and high-sulfation-degree sulfated polysaccharides extracted from Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134360. [PMID: 39094855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Two novel sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), N10 and K5 were isolated from ammonium sulfate or potassium sulfate at concentrations of 10 mM and 5 mM in liquid cultures of Antrodia cinnamomea, respectively. N10 and K5 were galactoglucans with a galactose:glucose molar ratio of approximately 1:3. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, N10 and K5 exhibited strong anti-inflammatory potential, of 56 % and 23 % maximal inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α production, respectively. Mechanical analysis revealed differences between N10 and K5, with N10 inhibiting the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK and p38 in RAW264.7 cells. K5 inhibited the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT and TGFβR-II. N10 and K5 were fragmented into F1, F2, and F3, the molecular weights of which were 455, 24, 0.9, and 327, 36, 1.9 kDa, respectively. K5 F2 and K5 F3 exhibited high degrees of sulfation of 1:3 and 1:8, resulting in strong anti-inflammation, of 83 % and 37 % highest inhibition of IL-6 and TNF-α production, respectively. Therefore, low-molecular-weight and high-sulfation-degree SPs exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity. Specifically, K5 F2 inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, and K5 F3 suppressed the signaling pathway of p38/JNK. Overall, the sulfation degree of SPs is concluded to affect the anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Qiu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., 7 Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan. https://twitter.com/nricm.edu.tw
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Tee PYE, Krishnan T, Cheong XT, Maniam SAP, Looi CY, Ooi YY, Chua CLL, Fung SY, Chia AYY. A review on the cultivation, bioactive compounds, health-promoting factors and clinical trials of medicinal mushrooms Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus and Tropicoporus linteus. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2024; 11:7. [PMID: 38987829 PMCID: PMC11238383 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-024-00176-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms, such as Taiwanofungus camphoratus, Inonotus obliquus, and Tropicoporus linteus, have been used in traditional medicine for therapeutic purposes and promotion of overall health in China and many East Asian countries for centuries. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated the large amounts of bioactive constituents (such as polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and phenolic compounds) available in these medicinal mushrooms and their potential therapeutic properties. Due to the rising demand for the health-promoting medicinal mushrooms, various cultivation methods have been explored to combat over-harvesting of the fungi. Evidence of the robust pharmacological properties, including their anticancer, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antiviral activities, have been provided in various studies, where the health-benefiting properties of the medicinal fungi have been further proven through numerous clinical trials. In this review, the cultivation methods, available bioactive constituents, therapeutic properties, and potential uses of T. camphoratus, I. obliquus and T. linteus are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Yon Ern Tee
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thiiben Krishnan
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Xin Tian Cheong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Snechaa A P Maniam
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yin Yin Ooi
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Lin Lin Chua
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shin-Yee Fung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Building, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adeline Yoke Yin Chia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Lu MK, Lee MH, Chao CH, Hsu YC. Sodium sulfate addition increases the bioresource of biologically active sulfated polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128699. [PMID: 38092106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Fungal sulfated polysaccharides (SPS) have been used in the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, sodium sulfate was employed as an elicitor to induce stress on the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea for the biosynthesis of SPS with high sulfate content. Sodium sulfate treatments increased the yield of SPS to 4.46 % and increased the sulfate content to 6.8 mmol/g of SPS. SPS were extracted from A. cinnamomea cultured with 500 mM sodium sulfate; these SPSs are denoted as Na500. Na500 exhibited the highest sulfate content and dose-dependent inhibitory activity against LPS-induced production of macrophage interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Mechanistically, Na500 hindered the phosphorylation of transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFRII), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and protein kinase B (AKT) expression. A purified 7.79 kDa galactoglucan, Na500 F3, augmented the anti-inflammation activity by inhibiting LPS-induced TGFβ release. Additionally, Na500 F3 restrained the LPS-induced phosphorylation of p-38, ERK, AKT, and TGFRII in RAW264.7 cells. Na500 F3 impeded the proliferation of lung cancer H1975 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, ERK, and Slug. The anti-inflammation and anticancer properties of Antrodia SPS contribute to its health benefits, suggesting its utility in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Chang SC, Wang CM, Chang JS, Lin LJ, Lin MJ, Peng SY, Lee TT. Effects of Antrodia cinnamomea solid culture mycelium by-products on growth performance and immune response in weaning black piglets. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13964. [PMID: 38831612 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of supplementation with Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium by-product (ACBP) on growth performance and immune response in weaning piglets. Total available content and antioxidant capacity of ACBP were determined. Ninety-six black pigs were randomly distributed to 24 pens. Study compared four groups which were supplemented with ACBP at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, or 10% for 6 weeks after weaning at 4 weeks. Results showed that ACBP on total phenolic, total flavonoid, and total triterpenoids contents were 13.68 mg GAE/g DW, 1.67 μg QE/g DW, and 15.6 mg/g, respectively. Weaning piglets fed 2.5% ACBP showed a significant decreased body weight gain compared with those supplemented with 5% ACBP, 10% ACBP, and control groups. Results showed that all ACBP groups increased the villi height of jejunum significantly. Incidence of diarrhea in 11 weeks with supplementation with 5% and 10% ACBP diets were lower than in control group. The 10% ACBP group showed significantly lower expression of immune response genes (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) than the 2.5% and 5% ACBP groups. Based on results, dietary supplementation with 10% ACBP did not significantly affect body weight but could decrease piglet diarrhea condition and expression of IL-1β and IL-6 genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chang Chang
- Southern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun Ming Wang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jhih Siang Chang
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Pin-Guan Modern Livestock Co., Ltd, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li Jen Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min Jung Lin
- Bachelor of Program in Scientific Agriculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shao Yu Peng
- Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu Tai Lee
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Smart Sustainable New Agriculture Research Center (SMARTer), National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Dutta D, Singh NS, Aggarwal R, Verma AK. Cordyceps militaris: A Comprehensive Study on Laboratory Cultivation and Anticancer Potential in Dalton's Ascites Lymphoma Tumor Model. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:668-690. [PMID: 38305294 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206282174240115082518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, a predominant cause of mortality, poses a formidable challenge in our pursuit of elevating life expectancy. Throughout history, individuals have sought natural remedies with minimal side effects as an appealing substitute for chemotherapeutic drugs. One such remedy is Cordyceps militaris, a renowned medicinal mushroom deeply entrenched in Asian ethnomedicine. Revered for its rejuvenating and curative attributes, it relied upon for ages. OBJECTIVE The mushroom's soaring demand outpaced natural availability, necessitating controlled laboratory cultivation as the core focus and exploring the potential of methanolic extracts from harvested Cordyceps militaris fruiting bodies against Dalton's Lymphoma Ascites (DLA) cells in vitro, with a specific emphasis on its anticancer traits. METHODS For cultivation, we employed a diverse range of rice substrates, among which bora rice showed promising growth of C. militaris fruiting bodies. To assess DLA cell cytotoxicity, several assays, including trypan blue exclusion assay, MTT assay, and LDH assay, were employed at different time points (24-96 h), which provided valuable insights on DLA cell viability and proliferation, shedding light on its therapeutic potential against cancer. RESULTS Our studies unveiled that methanolic extract prompts apoptosis in DLA cells via AO/EB dual staining, manifesting consistent apoptosis indicators such as membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, nuclei fragmentation, and cellular shrinkage at 48-96 h of treatment. Furthermore, these striking repercussions of apoptosis were comprehended by an in silico approach having molecular docking simulation against antiapoptotic proteins like BCL-2, BCL-XL, MCL-1, BFL-1 & HSP100. CONCLUSION Methanolic C. militaris extracts exhibited cytotoxicity and apoptotic alterations in DLA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Dutta
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Namram Sushindrajit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Cosmic Cordycep Farms, Badarpur Said Tehsil, Faridabad, 121101, Haryana, India
| | - Akalesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Cell & Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India
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Li CY, Wu YC, Chang FR, El-Shazly M, Du YC, Lu CY, Duh TH, Wu TY. Application of response surface methodology and quantitative NMR for the optimum extraction, characterization, and quantitation of Antrodia cinnamomea triterpenoids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20265. [PMID: 37985810 PMCID: PMC10661979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a treasured Asian medicinal mushroom, which has attracted attention due to recent research on its effectiveness in targeting a variety of serious ailments such as cancer and liver diseases. Among different A. cinnamomea constituents, triterpenoids are regarded as the most therapeutically attractive components because of their anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. In the present study, we proposed a mathematical and statistical extraction protocol to evaluate the concentrations of total ergostane and lanostane triterpenoid derivatives from the ethanolic extract of the wild fruiting bodies of A. cinnamomea (EEAC) by utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) and quantitative NMR (qNMR) approaches. The optimum response surface model showed that the variations of the investigated response variables reached more than 90%, suggesting that the developed model is accurate in explaining response variability. Furthermore, the EEAC major characteristic triterpenoids were quantified through the comparison of the HPLC-tandem MS results with those of the qNMR results. The precision of the used techniques was also evaluated. The experimental design of the EEAC optimum extraction procedure obtained by using RSM and qNMR enabled accurate characterization and quantitation of A. cinnamomea triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ying Li
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Ying-Chi Du
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Hui Duh
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung, 912, Taiwan.
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Li H, Dai J, Wang J, Lu C, Luo Z, Zheng X, Lu Z, Yang Z. Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses Propose the Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying 1,8-Cineole from Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay and Promote the Asexual Sporulation of Antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Fermentation. Molecules 2023; 28:7511. [PMID: 38005233 PMCID: PMC10672923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a valuable edible and medicinal mushroom with antitumor, hepatoprotective, and antiviral effects that play a role in intestinal flora regulation. Spore-inoculation submerged fermentation has become the most efficient and well-known artificial culture process for A. cinnamomea. In this study, a specific low-molecular compound named 1,8-cineole (cineole) from Cinnamomum kanehirae Hay was first reported to have remarkably promoted the asexual sporulation of A. cinnamomea in submerged fermentation (AcSmF). Then, RNA sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, and a literature review were performed to predict the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the cineole-promoted sporulation of AcSmF. The available evidence supports the hypothesis that after receiving the signal of cineole through cell receptors Wsc1 and Mid2, Pkc1 promoted the expression levels of rlm1 and wetA and facilitated their transfer to the cell wall integrity (CWI) signal pathway, and wetA in turn promoted the sporulation of AcSmF. Moreover, cineole changed the membrane functional state of the A. cinnamomea cell and thus activated the heat stress response by the CWI pathway. Then, heat shock protein 90 and its chaperone Cdc37 promoted the expression of stuA and brlA, thus promoting sporulation of AcSmF. In addition, cineole promoted the expression of areA, flbA, and flbD through the transcription factor NCP1 and inhibited the expression of pkaA through the ammonium permease of MEP, finally promoting the sporulation of AcSmF. This study may improve the efficiency of the inoculum (spores) preparation of AcSmF and thereby enhance the production benefits of A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jianing Dai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chunlei Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhishan Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Xiangfeng Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhenming Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (H.L.); (J.D.); (J.W.); (C.L.); (X.Z.)
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Lin ZH, Lu MK, Lo HC, Chang CC, Tseng AJ, Chao CH, Lin TY. ZnF3, a sulfated polysaccharide from Antrodia cinnamomea, inhibits lung cancer cells via induction of apoptosis and activation of M1-like macrophage-induced cell death. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124144. [PMID: 36958446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (Ac-SPSs) of Antrodia cinnamomea present anti-cancer activity. However, the anti-cancer mechanism of Ac-SPSs is not fully understood and remains largely unexplored. In this study, we identify an Ac-SPS with 7.9 kDa, noted ZnF3, and aim to examine the dual anti-cancer functions of ZnF3 on inhibiting cancer cells and activating macrophages. A biological study shows that ZnF3 inhibits lung cancer cells by inducing subG1 population and apoptosis. ZnF3 downregulates the expression of TGFβ receptor in lung cancer cells. In parallel, ZnF3 activates macrophages via induction of TNF-α and IL-6 secretion, NO production and phagocytosis. ZnF3 activates AKT/mTOR pathway and induces M1 type macrophage polarization. Cancer cells co-cultured with ZnF3-stimulated macrophages, leading to inhibition of lung cancer cells. This study demonstrates that ZnF3 not only directly inhibits cancer cells but also activates macrophages-mediated cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Moreover, ZnF3 may be a supplement for suppressing lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hu Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Lo
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | | - Ai-Jung Tseng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 155 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Beitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li J, Wen S, Zhang B, Wang F. Selenium Enrichment of the Edible Medicinal Mushroom Antrodia camphorata by Submerged Fermentation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073036. [PMID: 37049798 PMCID: PMC10095838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient element in human physiological metabolism and immune function. Supplementation of bioavailable Se will confer benefit on human life, especially when intake of this nutrient is inadequate. The edible and medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata is a unique fungus endemic to Taiwan, which has shown high therapeutic and nutritive value. This study is the first to demonstrate that A. camphorata can assimilate and transform sodium selenite into organic selenium. With an initial concentration of Se (IV) at 10 mg/L in 100 mL of the medium at 25 °C, the total selenium content in Se-enriched A. camphorata mycelia was 1281.3 ± 79.2 µg/g, in which the organic selenium content accounted for 88.1%. Further analysis demonstrated that selenium-enriched polysaccharide was the main form of Se present in A. camphorata (61.5% of the organic selenium). Four water-soluble Se-polysaccharide fractions were separated from A. camphorata, and ACP II was the major fraction of Se-polysaccharide. The scavenging efficiency of Se-polysaccharides on DPPH and ABTS radicals was determined, proving that selenium enrichment dramatically improved the in vitro antioxidant capacity of A. camphorata polysaccharide. Therefore, the selenium accumulation and transformation ability of A. camphorata provides an opportunity for developing this beneficent fungus into a novel selenium-enriched dietary or medicinal supplement.
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10
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Hewage RT, Tseng CC, Liang SY, Lai CY, Lin HC. Genome mining of cryptic bisabolenes that were biosynthesized by intramembrane terpene synthases from Antrodia cinnamomea. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220033. [PMID: 36633275 PMCID: PMC9835599 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenoids represent the largest structural family of natural products (NPs) and have various applications in the pharmaceutical, food and fragrance industries. Their diverse scaffolds are generated via a multi-step cyclization cascade of linear isoprene substrates catalysed by terpene synthases (TPSs). Bisabolene NPs, which are sesquiterpenes (C15), have wide applications in medicines and biofuels and serve as bioactive substances in ecology. Despite the discovery of some canonical class I TPSs that synthesize bisabolenes from plants, bacteria and insects, it remained unknown whether any bisabolene synthases from fungi could produce bisabolenes as a main product. Antrodia cinnamomea, a Basidiomycota fungus, is a medicinal mushroom indigenous to Taiwan and a known prolific producer of bioactive terpenoids, but little is known regarding the enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways. Here, we applied a genome mining approach against A. cinnamomea and discovered two non-canonical UbiA-type TPSs that both synthesize (+)-(S,Z)-α-bisabolene (1). It was determined that two tailoring enzymes, a P450 monooxygenase and a methyltransferase, install a C14-methyl ester on the bisabolene scaffold. In addition, four new bisabolene derivatives, 2 and 4-6, were characterized from heterologous reconstitution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our study uncovered enzymatic tools to generate structurally diverse bisabolene NPs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Reactivity and mechanism in chemical and synthetic biology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranuka T. Hewage
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan,Department of Indigenous Medical Resources, Gampaha Wickramarachchi University of Indigenous Medicine, Yakkala 11870, Sri Lanka
| | - Cheng-Chung Tseng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Yuen Liang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Lai
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan,School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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11
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Chen TH, Chen CT, Lee CF, Huang RJ, Chen KL, Lu YC, Liang SY, Pham MT, Rao YK, Wu SH, Chein RJ, Lin HC. The Biosynthetic Gene Cluster of Mushroom-Derived Antrocin Encodes Two Dual-Functional Haloacid Dehalogenase-like Terpene Cyclases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215566. [PMID: 36583947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Antrocin (1), produced by the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea, is a potent antiproliferative compound. The biosynthetic gene cluster of 1 was identified, and the pathway was characterized by heterologous expression. We characterized a haloacid dehalogenase-like terpene cyclase AncC that biosynthesizes the drimane-type sesquiterpene (+)-albicanol (2) from farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). Biochemical characterization of AncC, including kinetic studies and mutagenesis, demonstrated the functions of two domains: a terpene cyclase (TC) and a pyrophosphatase (PPase). The TC domain first cyclizes FPP to albicanyl pyrophosphate, and the PPase domain then removes the pyrophosphate to form 2. Intriguingly, AncA (94 % sequence identity to AncC), in the same gene cluster, converts FPP into (R)-trans-γ-monocyclofarnesol instead of 2. Notably, Y283/F375 in the TC domain of AncA serve as a gatekeeper in controlling the formation of a cyclofarnesoid rather than a drimane-type scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ho Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chien-Ting Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chi-Fang Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Rou-Jie Huang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Kuan-Lin Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yuan-Chun Lu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Suh-Yuen Liang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Mai-Truc Pham
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Yerra Koteswara Rao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 115, Taiwan R.O.C
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12
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Isolation, Purification, and Antitumor Activity of a Novel Active Protein from Antrodia cinnamomea Liquid Fermentation Mycelia. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea, a rare medicinal fungus endemic to Taiwan, contains numerous active components and displays strong antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. We isolated and purified a novel A. cinnamomea active protein (termed ACAP) from liquid fermentation mycelia and evaluated its antitumor activity. A homogeneous protein-eluted fraction was obtained by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography, and ACAP was identified based on the antitumor activity screening of this fraction. An in vitro assay of three tumor cell lines (HeLa, Hep G2, and Hepa 1-6) revealed significant antiproliferative effects of ACAP at low concentrations, with IC50 values of 13.10, 10.70, and 18.69 µg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis showed that ACAP induced late apoptosis of Hep G2 cells. The apoptosis rate of 50 µg/mL ACAP-treated cells (60%) was significantly (p < 0.01) more than that of the control. A Western blotting assay of apoptotic pathway proteins showed that ACAP significantly upregulated p53 and downregulated caspase-3 expression levels. Our findings indicate that ACAP has strong antitumor activity and the potential for development as a therapeutic agent and/or functional food.
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13
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Chen JJ, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Yuan XL, Wang J, Yang YM, Zheng Y. Transcriptome Analysis of Antrodia cinnamomea Mycelia from Different Wood Substrates. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:49-59. [PMID: 36846623 PMCID: PMC9946338 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2175434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea, an edible and medicinal fungus with significant economic value and application prospects, is rich in terpenoids, benzenoids, lignans, polysaccharides, and benzoquinone, succinic and maleic derivatives. In this study, the transcriptome of A. cinnamomea cultured on the wood substrates of Cinnamomum glanduliferum (YZM), C. camphora (XZM), and C. kanehirae (NZM) was sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing technology Illumina HiSeq 2000, and the data were assembled by de novo strategy to obtain 78,729 Unigenes with an N50 of 4,463 bp. Compared with public databases, about 11,435, 6,947, and 5,994 Unigenes were annotated to the Non-Redundant (NR), Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG), respectively. The comprehensive analysis of the mycelium terpene biosynthesis-related genes in A. cinnamomea revealed that the expression of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (AACT), acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MVD), and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) was significantly higher on NZM compared to the other two wood substrates. Similarly, the expression of geranylgeranyltransferase (GGT) was significantly higher on YZM compared to NZM and XZM, and the expression of farnesyl transferase (FTase) was significantly higher on XZM. Furthermore, the expressions of 2,3-oxidized squalene cyclase (OCS), squalene synthase (SQS), and squalene epoxidase (SE) were significantly higher on NZM. Overall, this study provides a potential approach to explore the molecular regulation mechanism of terpenoid biosynthesis in A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Chen
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation, Development and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Green Development, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu-Ming Yang
- Institute of Green Development, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China
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14
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Li H, Dai J, Shi Y, Zhu X, Jia L, Yang Z. Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of the Iron-Ion-Promoted Asexual Sporulation of Antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Fermentation Revealed by Comparative Transcriptomics. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020235. [PMID: 36836349 PMCID: PMC9959139 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious edible and medicinal fungus with activities of antitumor, antivirus, and immunoregulation. Fe2+ was found to promote the asexual sporulation of A. cinnamomea markedly, but the molecular regulatory mechanism of the effect is unclear. In the present study, comparative transcriptomics analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were conducted on A. cinnamomea mycelia cultured in the presence or absence of Fe2+ to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying iron-ion-promoted asexual sporulation. The obtained mechanism is as follows: A. cinnamomea acquires iron ions through reductive iron assimilation (RIA) and siderophore-mediated iron assimilation (SIA). In RIA, ferrous iron ions are directly transported into cells by the high-affinity protein complex formed by a ferroxidase (FetC) and an Fe transporter permease (FtrA). In SIA, siderophores are secreted externally to chelate the iron in the extracellular environment. Then, the chelates are transported into cells through the siderophore channels (Sit1/MirB) on the cell membrane and hydrolyzed by a hydrolase (EstB) in the cell to release iron ions. The O-methyltransferase TpcA and the regulatory protein URBS1 promote the synthesis of siderophores. HapX and SreA respond to and maintain the balance of the intercellular concentration of iron ions. Furthermore, HapX and SreA promote the expression of flbD and abaA, respectively. In addition, iron ions promote the expression of relevant genes in the cell wall integrity signaling pathway, thereby accelerating the cell wall synthesis and maturation of spores. This study contributes to the rational adjustment and control of the sporulation of A. cinnamomea and thereby improves the efficiency of the preparation of inoculum for submerged fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianing Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Probiotics Preparation, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Luqiang Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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15
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Chen YF, Wu HC, Chang JM, Ko HH, Lin CH, Chang HS. Chemical investigations and cytotoxic effects of metabolites from Antrodia camphorata against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:560-570. [PMID: 35583297 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2076676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is used as a medicinal fungus in Taiwan to treat fatigue, food intoxication, and enhance liver function. Here we identified fermented metabolic components from the mycelium of A. camphorata KH37 and explored their anti-hepatoma potentials with study models of human hepatoblastoma cell lines. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the solid fermentation powder of A. camphorata KH37 led to the isolation of one new quinonol, antroquinonol Z (1), and nine known compounds (2-10). Treatment with 10 μM antrocamols LT1 (2) or LT3 (3) reduced cell viability of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells to about 60% in 48 hours. Antroquinonol Z (1) exhibited mild cytotoxicity against Huh-7 cells in 48 and 72 hours. Interestingly, two fractions showed cytotoxicity in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells, even better than compounds isolated from these fractions. The significant cytotoxicity of partially purified samples from A. camphorata KH37 exhibited a potential for developing alternative or complementary therapeutics against hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Fung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Min Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hung Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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16
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KE L, ZHI M, TANG P, HE D. Preparation of total triterpenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea fermentation mycelium and their in vitro inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.005923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leqin KE
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, China
| | - Mingyu ZHI
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, China
| | - Ping TANG
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, China
| | - Da HE
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, China
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17
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Antrodia salmonea Extracts Regulate p53-AR Signaling and Apoptosis in Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7033127. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7033127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia salmonea (AS) is a genus of Antrodia, an epiphyte of Cunninghamia konishii in Taiwan. AS has been reported to have potential therapeutic effects on different diseases, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and hypertension. AS has been reported to have anticancer effects on numerous cancer types, such as ovarian carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. Our previous studies demonstrated that antrocins and triterpenoids are possibly bioactive compositions. However, the effects of AS on prostate cancer remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of AS in prostate cancer growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. The results showed that AS extracts significantly inhibited the proliferation of prostate cancer LNCaP cells in a dose-dependent manner and increased the levels of apoptotic markers (cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3/8/9). In addition, the cell cycle-related proteins CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, and their respective specific regulators Cyclin B1, Cyclin A, and Cyclin D were also affected. Besides, AS treatment increased p53 protein levels and slowed its degradation in LNCaP cells. Interestingly, we found that AS treatment reduced both total protein and Ser-81 phosphorylation levels of the androgen receptor (AR). Notably, the increase of nuclear p53 was accompanied by the down-regulation of AR, suggesting a reverse regulation between p53 and AR in LNCaP cells was triggered by AS treatment. These findings suggest that AS extracts trigger the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through the reverse regulation of p53 and AR and elucidate that AS extracts might be a potential treatment for androgen-dependent prostate cancer in the near future.
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18
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Ji BR, Huang CW, Chen YI, Ho WJ, Chang SW, Chang SL, Chang CH. Non-Insulin Secretion Relative Hypoglycemic Effect of Neonatal Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats by Gavage Feeding Antrodia cinnamomea (Agaricomycetes). INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1605.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Ye J, Zhang C, Fan Q, Lin X, Wang Y, Azzam M, Alhotan R, Alqhtani A, Jiang S. Antrodia cinnamomea polysaccharide improves liver antioxidant, anti-inflammatory capacity, and cecal flora structure of slow-growing broiler breeds challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:994782. [PMID: 36299632 PMCID: PMC9588918 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.994782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induces liver inflammatory response by activating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Antrodia cinnamomea polysaccharide (ACP) is a medicinal mushroom that can protect from intoxication, liver injury, and inflammation. Nevertheless, the effect of ACP on the liver antioxidant, anti-inflammatory capacity and cecal flora structure of LPS-challenged broilers remains unclear. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of ACP on the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacities of the liver, and cecal microbiota in slow-growing broilers stimulated by LPS. A total of 750 slow-growing broilers (9-day-old) were assigned to five treatments with 6 replicates of 25 chicks per replicate: a control diet, the chicks were fed a control diet and challenged with LPS. Dietary treatments 3 to 5 were the control diet supplemented with 100, 200, 400 mg/kg ACP challenged with LPS, respectively. The groups of 100 mg/kg ACP supplementation significantly increased liver index, pancreas index, and bursa of Fabricius index (P < 0.05). The GSH-Px content of LPS-challenged broilers was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.001), but the content of MDA increased (P < 0.001). Feeding with 100 mg/kg ACP resulted in increased the activity of T-AOC, GSH-Px, and T-SOD, and decreased MDA content (P < 0.05). The activity of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 of the LPS group increased, but these indicators were decreased with supplemental 100 mg/kg ACP (P < 0.05). Dietary application of ACP up to 100 mg/kg down-regulated (P < 0.05) the expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway in the liver induced by LPS. The results of 16S rRNA demonstrated that feeding with 100 mg/kg ACP can change the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota, and restrained the decline of beneficial cecal microbiota (typically Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Christensenellaceae R-7 group) in the challenged LPS group (P < 0.05). Conclusively, feeding a diet with 100 mg/kg ACP may have beneficial effects on liver damage and the bacterial microbiota diversity and composition in the ceca of LPS-stressed slow-growing broiler breeds, probably because of its combined favorable effects on antioxidants and cytokines contents, and restoration the decline of beneficial cecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiajing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mahmoud Azzam
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed Alhotan
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alqhtani
- Department of Animal Production College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Shouqun Jiang
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20
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Chen YJ, Tsao YC, Ho TC, Puc I, Chen CC, Perng GC, Lien HM. Antrodia cinnamomea Suppress Dengue Virus Infection through Enhancing the Secretion of Interferon-Alpha. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2631. [PMID: 36235496 PMCID: PMC9573221 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dengue caused by dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne disease. Dengue exhibits a wide range of symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic to flu-like illness, and a few symptomatic cases may develop into severe dengue, leading to death. However, there are no effective and safe therapeutics for DENV infections. We have previously reported that cytokine expression, especially inflammatory cytokines, was altered in patients with different severities of dengue. Antrodia cinnamomea (A. cinnamomea) is a precious and endemic medical mushroom in Taiwan. It contains unique chemical components and exhibits biological activities, including suppressing effects on inflammation and viral infection-related diseases. According to previous studies, megakaryocytes can support DENV infection, and the number of megakaryocytes is positively correlated with the viral load in the serum of acute dengue patients. In the study, we investigated the anti-DENV effects of two ethanolic extracts (ACEs 1-2) and three isolated compounds (ACEs 3-5) from A. cinnamomea on DENV infection in Meg-01 cells. Our results not only demonstrated that ACE-3 and ACE-4 significantly suppressed DENV infection, but also reduced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels. Moreover, the level of the antiviral cytokine interferon (IFN)-α was also increased by ACE-3 and ACE-4 in Meg-01 cells after DENV infection. Here, we provide new insights into the potential use of A. cinnamomea extracts as therapeutic agents against DENV infection. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying these processes require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cian Tsao
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chuan Ho
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Irwin Puc
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Chen
- School of Management, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Chuen Perng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Man Lien
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan
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21
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Liu SC, Wu TY, Hsu TH, Lai MN, Wu YC, Ng LT. Chemical Composition and Chronic Toxicity of Disc-Cultured Antrodia cinnamomea Fruiting Bodies. TOXICS 2022; 10:587. [PMID: 36287867 PMCID: PMC9610047 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a popular fungus for use as folk medicine in health maintenance and disease prevention and treatment. Disc culture is a novel technique for producing AC fruiting bodies. This study aimed to investigate the bioactive components and toxicological properties of disc-cultured AC fruiting body powders (ACP) in rats. The HPLC technique was used to quantify the composition of bioactive triterpenoids in ACP. Toxicological properties were evaluated on male and female Sprague-Dawley rats receiving ACP orally at 200, 600, and 1000 mg/kg body weight for 90 days; the control group received only distilled water. The results show that ACP contained seven important AC index compounds, namely antcins A, B, C, K, and H, dehydrosulphurenic acid, and dehydroeburicoic acid. At the tested doses, oral ACP administration for 90 days caused no mortality, adverse effects on general health, body and organ weights, and food intake. Furthermore, no significant variations were observed in hematological and biochemical parameters among either sex of ACP-treated and control animals. An histopathological examination of vital organs showed no significant structural changes in organs, even in high-dose ACP-treated animals. This study indicated that ACP contained the major bioactive triterpenoids of AC fruiting bodies, and its no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 1000 mg/kg/day, about 20 times the recommended daily intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Chou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County 51591, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Meiho University, Pingtung 912009, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Hao Hsu
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County 51591, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Nan Lai
- Kang Jian Biotech Co., Ltd., Nantou 54245, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
| | - Lean-Teik Ng
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Li HX, Wang JJ, Lu CL, Gao YJ, Gao L, Yang ZQ. Review of Bioactivity, Isolation, and Identification of Active Compounds from Antrodia cinnamomea. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:494. [PMID: 36290462 PMCID: PMC9598228 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a precious and popular edible and medicinal mushroom. It has attracted increasing attention due to its various and excellent bioactivities, such as hepatoprotection, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antitumor, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and gut microbiota regulation properties. To elucidate its bioactivities and develop novel functional foods or medicines, numerous studies have focused on the isolation and identification of the bioactive compounds of A. cinnamomea. In this review, the recent advances in bioactivity, isolation, purification, and identification methods of active compounds from A. cinnamomea were summarized. The present work is beneficial to the further isolation and discovery of new active compounds from A. cinnamomea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Xiang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chun-Lei Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lu Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Lai WK, Wu YC, Yeh TS, Hsieh CR, Tsai YH, Wei CK, Li CY, Lu YC, Chang FR. The protoplast two-way fusions and fusant characteristics of Antrodia cinnamomea and Cordyceps militaris. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Xia Y, Meng P, Liu S, Tan Z, Yang X, Liang L, Xie F, Zhang H, Wang G, Xiong Z, Lo J, Ai L. Structural and Potential Functional Properties of Alkali-Extracted Dietary Fiber From Antrodia camphorata. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:921164. [PMID: 35875549 PMCID: PMC9301256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.921164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is rich in a variety of bioactive ingredients; however, the utilization efficiency of the residue of A. camphorata is low, resulting in serious waste. It is necessary to deeply study the functional components of A. camphorata residues to achieve high-value utilization. In this study, the components, structural characteristics, and functional properties of alkali-extracted dietary fiber extracted from residues of A. camphorata (basswood and dish cultured fruiting body, respectively) were investigated. There were similar components and structural characteristics of ACA-DK (extract from basswood cultured) and ACA-DF (extract from dish cultured). The two alkali-extracted dietary fiber were composed of mainly cellulose and xylan. However, ACA-DK has better adsorption capacities than ACA-DF on lipophilic substances such as oil (12.09 g/g), cholesterol (20.99 mg/g), and bile salts (69.68 mg/g). In vitro immunomodulatory assays stated that ACA-DK had a good effect on promoting the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells and can activate cell phagocytosis, NO synthesis, and other immune capabilities. The edible fungus A. camphorata is a good source of functional dietary fiber. The alkali-extracted dietary fiber of A. camphorata might be used as a functional ingredient in the medicine and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xia
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Meng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaodong Liu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuoming Tan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihong Liang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jenyu Lo
- Honest and Humble Biotechnology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lianzhong Ai
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Cao YN, Yue SS, Wang AY, Xu L, Hu YT, Qiao X, Wu TY, Ye M, Wu YC, Qi R. Antrodia cinnamomea and its compound dehydroeburicoic acid attenuate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by upregulating ALDH2 activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 292:115146. [PMID: 35304272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disease, but currently has no specific medication in clinic. Antrodia cinnamomea (AC) is a medicinal fungus and it has been shown that AC can inhibit high fat diet (HFD)-induced lipid deposition in mouse livers, but the effective monomer in AC and mechanism against NAFLD remain unclear. It has been reported that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) activation shows protective effects on NAFLD. Our previous study demonstrates that AC and its monomer dehydroeburicoic acid (DEA) can upregulate the ALDH2 activity on alcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model, but it is not clear whether the anti-NAFLD effects of AC and DEA are mediated by ALDH2. AIM TO STUDY To elucidate the active compound in AC against NAFLD, study whether ALDH2 mediates the anti-NAFLD effects of AC and its effective monomer. MATERIALS AND METHODS WT mice, ALDH2-/- mice and ALDH2-/- mice re-expressed ALDH2 by lentivirus were fed with a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet or high fat diet (HFD) to induce NAFLD, and AC at the different doses (200 and/or 500 mg/kg body weight per day) was administrated by gavage at the same time. Primary hepatocytes derived from WT and ALDH2-/-mice were stimulated by oleic acid (OA) to induce lipid deposition, and the cells were treated with AC or DEA in the meantime. Lentivirus-mediated ALDH2-KD or ALDH2-OE were used to knock down or overexpress ALDH2 expression in HepG2 cells, respectively. Finally, the effects of DEA against NAFLD as well as its effects on upregulating liver ALDH2 and removing the harmful aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) were studied in the MCD diet-induced NAFLD mouse model. RESULTS In WT mice fed with a MCD diet or HFD, AC administration reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, upregulated ALDH2 activity in mouse livers, decreased 4-HNE contents both in mouse livers and serum, inhibited lipogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress and promoted fatty acid β-oxidation. These effects were abolished in ALDH2 KO mice but could be restored by re-expression of ALDH2 by lentivirus. In primary hepatocytes of WT mice, AC and DEA inhibited OA-induced lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) synthesis, promoting the β-oxidation of fatty acid in the meantime. However, these effects were lost in primary hepatocytes of ALDH2 KO mice. Moreover, the expression level of ALDH2 significantly affected the inhibitory effects of AC and DEA on OA-induced lipid deposition in HepG2 cells. The effects of AC and DEA on suppressing lipid deposition, inhibiting mitochondrial ROS levels, reducing TG synthesis, and promoting β-oxidation of fatty acid were all enhanced with the overexpression of ALDH2 and reduced with the knockdown of ALDH2 expression. DEA showed dose-dependent effects on inhibiting liver lipid deposition, elevating ALDH2 activity and reducing 4-HNE levels in the livers of MCD diet-induced NAFLD mice. CONCLUSION DEA is the effective compound in AC against NAFLD. The related anti-NAFLD mechanisms of AC and DEA were through upregulating ALDH2 expression and activity, thus enhancing the elimination of 4-HNE in the livers, and sequentially alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting fatty acid β-oxidation and decreasing lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ni Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - An-Yi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yi-Tong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tung-Ying Wu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, The Biotechnology Department, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Rong Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China; School of Basic Medical Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, De Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Pelaez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Vinceti M, Cubadda F, Frenzel T, Heinonen M, Marchelli R, Neuhäuser‐Berthold M, Poulsen M, Prieto Maradona M, Schlatter JR, van Loveren H, Turla E, Knutsen HK. Safety of freeze-dried mycelia of Antrodia camphorata as a novel food pursuant to regulation (EU) 2015/2283. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07380. [PMID: 35784815 PMCID: PMC9240966 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver an opinion on freeze-dried mycelia of Antrodia camphorata as a novel food (NF) pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283. The NF is produced by solid-state cultivation from tissue cultures derived from the fungus Antrodia camphorata. The applicant intends to market the NF in food supplements at a maximum dose of 990 mg per day. The target population is the general population. The NF mainly consists of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, and it contains numerous constituents, such as β-glucans, antroquinonol and triterpenoids. Taking into account the composition of the NF and the proposed conditions of use, the consumption of the NF is not nutritionally disadvantageous. There are no concerns regarding genotoxicity of the NF. Based on a 90-day repeated dose toxicity study and a prenatal developmental toxicity study performed with the NF, the Panel derives a safe level of 16.5 mg/kg body weight per day. The Panel concludes that the NF, freeze-dried mycelia of Antrodia camphorata, is safe at the proposed use level for individuals aged 14 years and above.
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The Protective Role of 4-Acetylarylquinolinol B in Different Pathological Processes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2362-2373. [PMID: 35678690 PMCID: PMC9164036 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea is a traditional plant and a unique fungus native to Taiwan that has been reported to have many biological functions, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. The compound 4-acetylarylquinolinol B (4-AAQB) is one of the main bioactive compounds in the stamens of Antrodia cinnamomea, and has many biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, blood sugar reduction, antimetastasis, and vascular tone relaxation. In recent years, the increasing evidences have shown that 4-AAQB is involved in many diseases; however, the relevant mechanisms have not been fully clarified. This review aimed to clarify the improvement by 4-AAQB in different pathological processes, as well as the compound’s molecular mechanisms, in order to provide a theoretical reference for future related research
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Francesca F, Caitlin A, Sarah L, Robyn GL. Antroquinonol administration in animal preclinical studies for Alzheimer's disease (AD): A new avenue for modifying progression of AD pathophysiology. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 21:100435. [PMID: 35252893 PMCID: PMC8892093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rise of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in an ageing population, no cure is currently available for this disorder. This study assessed the role of a natural compound, Antroquinonol, in modifying the progression of AD when administered at the start and/or before appearance of symptoms and when the disease was well established, in a transgenic animal model. Antroquinonol was administered daily for 8 weeks, in 11 week (early stage) and 9 month (late stage) male transgenic mice (3 times Transgenic mice PS1M146V, APPSwe, and tauP301L, 3 Tg XAD) and their respective aged controls. Behavioural testing (including Elevated Plus Maze Watermaze, Recognition object testing and Y maze) was performed at the end of the drug administration. In addition AD biomarkers (Amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), tau and phospho-tau levels), oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, were assessed in tested mice brains after their sacrifice at the end of the treatment. When administered before the start of symptoms at 11 weeks, Antroquinonol treatment at 34 mg/kg (D2) and more consistently at 75 mg/kg (D3), had a significant effect on reducing systemic inflammatory markers (Interleukin 1, IL-1β and TNF-α) and AD biomarker (Amyloid Beta 42, Aβ42 and tau) levels in the brain. The reduction of behavioural impairment reported for 3TgXAD mice was observed significantly for the D3 drug dose only and for all behavioural tests, when administered at 11 weeks. Similarly, beneficial effects of Antroquinonol (at higher dose D3) were noted in the transgenic mice in terms of AD biomarkers (tau and phosphorylated-tau), systemic inflammatory (IL-1β), brain anti-inflammatory (Nrf2) and oxidative (3-Nitrotyrosine, 3NT) markers. Improvement of memory impairment was also reported when Antroquinonol (D3) was administered at late stage (9 months). Since Antroquinonol has been used without adverse effects in previous successful clinical trials, this drug may offer a new avenue of treatment to modify AD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernandez Francesca
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, Queensland, 4014, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Genomics Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Aust Caitlin
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, Queensland, 4014, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Genomics Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Lye Sarah
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, 1100 Nudgee Rd, Banyo, Queensland, 4014, Australia
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Genomics Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Griffiths Lyn Robyn
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Genomics Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Corresponding author. Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health Genomics Research Centre, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
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Kersting L, Kuhn L, Anokhin M, Schuster F, Häberli C, Sambyal S, Sampath Kumar HM, Keiser J, Alabugin I, Tsogoeva SB. Visible Light‐driven Metal‐free C–H Functionalization: Access to New Bioactive Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐Butenolide Hybrids via Domino Amine Oxidation/Vinylogous Mannich Reaction. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Kersting
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Leah Kuhn
- Florida State University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Maksim Anokhin
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Florian Schuster
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen Nuremberg: Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy GERMANY
| | - Cécile Häberli
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute SWITZERLAND
| | - Shainy Sambyal
- IICT CSIR: Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Divison INDIA
| | - Halmuthur M. Sampath Kumar
- IICT CSIR: Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry Division INDIA
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- University of Basel: Universitat Basel Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute SWAZILAND
| | - Igor Alabugin
- Florida State University Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Department Chemie und Pharmazie Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen GERMANY
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Application of Multiple Strategies to Improve the Production of the Potential Cancer Drug 4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB) by the Rare Fungus Antrodia cinnamomea. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:2720-2730. [PMID: 35257317 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
4-Acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB) was identified in the rare fungus Antrodia cinnamomea and has been proven to be a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment. But the extraction of 4-AAQB from the fruit body led to a low yield and limited its further application in the pharmaceutical field. In this work, 4-AAQB production was enhanced in the submerged fermentation by the combination of exogenous additives, surfactants with the in situ extractive fermentation. 4-Methylbenzoic acid was proven to be an efficient additive for the accumulation of 4-AAQB by Antrodia cinnamomea, while 2% (w/v) Tween-80 added on the first day as surfactant and 30% (w/v) oleic acid added on the sixteenth day as extractant were the most available couples for 4-AAQB production in the in situ extractive fermentation. The combination of these multiple strategies resulted in the yield of 4-AAQB to 17.27 mg/g dry cell weight with a titer of 140 mg/L, which was the highest titer of 4-AAQB reported so far. It showed that the combination of these strategies had a significant promotion on 4-AAQB production by A. cinnamomea, which laid a good foundation for its large-scale production and also provided a viable method for the cultivation of other rare fungi.
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Siewert B, Ćurak G, Hammerle F, Huymann L, Fiala J, Peintner U. The photosensitizer emodin is concentrated in the gills of the fungus Cortinarius rubrophyllus. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 228:112390. [PMID: 35123160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The colorful agaricoid fruiting bodies of dermocyboid Cortinarii owe their magnificent hue to a mixture of anthraquinone (AQ) pigments. Recently, it was discovered that some of these fungal anthraquinones have an impressive photopharmacological effect. The question, therefore, arises as to whether these pigments are also of ecological or functional significance. According to the optimal defense hypothesis, toxic molecules should be enriched in spore-producing structures, such as the gills of agarics. To test this hypothesis, we studied the distribution of fungal AQs in the fruiting body of Cortinarius rubrophyllus. The fungus belongs to the well-studied Cortinarius subgenus Dermocybe but has not been chemically characterized. Here, we report on the pigment profile of this beautiful fungus and focus on the distribution of anthraquinone pigments in the fruiting body for the first time. Here it is statistically confirmed that the potent photosensitizer emodin is significantly enriched in the gills. Furthermore, we show that the extract is photoactive against cancer cells and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Siewert
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gabrijela Ćurak
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Hammerle
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lesley Huymann
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Fiala
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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32
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Achudhan D, Liu SC, Lin YY, Huang CC, Tsai CH, Ko CY, Chiang IP, Kuo YH, Tang CH. Antcin K Inhibits TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 Expression in Synovial Fibroblasts and Ameliorates Cartilage Degradation: Implications for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 12:790925. [PMID: 34975889 PMCID: PMC8714747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts from Taiwan’s traditional medicinal mushroom, Antrodia cinnamomea, exhibit anti-inflammatory activities in cellular and preclinical studies. However, this paper is the first to report that Antcin K, a triterpenoid isolated from A. cinnamomea, inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in human rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), which are major players in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease. In our analysis of the mechanism of action, Antcin K inhibited the expression of three cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 1 beta [IL-1β] and IL-8) in human RASFs; cytokines that are crucial to RA synovial inflammation. Notably, incubation of RASFs with Antcin K reduced the phosphorylation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling cascades, all of which promote cytokine production in RA. Intraperitoneal injections of Antcin K (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg) attenuated paw swelling, cartilage degradation and bone erosion, and decreased serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice; in further experiments, IL-6 levels were similarly reduced. The inhibitory effects of Antcin K upon TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 expression in human RASFs was achieved through the downregulation of the FAK, PI3K, AKT and NF-κB signaling cascades. Our data support clinical investigations using Antcin K in RA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Achudhan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chi Liu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yen-You Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Tsai
- Department of Sports Medicine, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ping Chiang
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen CY, Lin H, Cheng PT, Cheng YC, Oner M, Li YH, Chen MC, Wu JH, Chang TC, Celik A, Liu FL, Wang HY, Lai CH, Hsieh JT. Antrodia salmonea extract inhibits cell proliferation through regulating cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:209-214. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_78_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Kwon DA, Kim YS, Kim SK, Baek SH, Kim HK, Lee HS. Antioxidant and antifatigue effect of a standardized fraction (HemoHIM) from Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:391-400. [PMID: 33813987 PMCID: PMC8023644 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1900878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT HemoHIM is an herbal preparation containing Angelica gigas Nakai (Apiaceae), Cnidium officinale Makino (Umbelliferae), and Paeonia lactiflora Pallas (Paeoniaceae) developed for immune regulation. To date, studies on the antifatigue effects of HemoHIM have not been conducted. OBJECTIVE The antifatigue effects of HemoHIM using models of citrinin and exercise-induced chronic fatigue syndrome were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Citrinin-induced L6 skeletal muscle cells were treated with HemoHIM (125, 250, and 500 μg/mL). The antioxidant factors were analysed. ICR mice were divided into four groups (n = 10): control, HemoHIM 250, 500 mg/kg, and creatine 300 mg/kg, respectively. Mice were orally administered HemoHIM or creatine for three weeks; during this time, both rotarod test and forced swimming test (FST) were conducted. The latency time was investigated and antioxidant, antifatigue factors were analysed. RESULTS HemoHIM significantly restored reduced antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, Txn, GPx, GSr, and GCLC in HemoHIM 500 μg/mL) compared to the citrinin group in L6 cells. In vivo, HemoHIM significantly improved the latency time (FST; 279.88 ± 50.32 sec, rotarod test; 552.35 ± 23.50 sec in HemoHIM 500 mg/kg). Moreover, the FST-induced reduction in glucose and glutathione significantly increased by 3-fold (HemoHIM 500 mg/kg) and increase in LDH and MDA were significantly inhibited by 1.6, 2.1-fold in the HemoHIM 500 mg/kg compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Ae Kwon
- Efficacy Evaluation Team, Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Kim
- Food Safety Team, Kolmar BNH CO., LTD, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ki Kim
- Efficacy Evaluation Team, Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Hwa Baek
- Natural Product Research Team, Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Kim
- Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sung Lee
- Natural Product Research Team, Food Science R&D Center, KolmarBNH CO., LTD, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- CONTACT Hak Sung Lee
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Xia Y, Zhou X, Liang L, Liu X, Li H, Xiong Z, Wang G, Song X, Ai L. Genetic evidence for the requirements of antroquinonol biosynthesis by Antrodia camphorata during liquid-state fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 49:6428402. [PMID: 34791342 PMCID: PMC9113095 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The solid-state fermentation of Antrodia camphorata could produce a variety of ubiquinone compounds, such as antroquinonol (AQ). However, AQ is hardly synthesized during liquid-state fermentation (LSF). To investigates the mechanism of AQ synthesis, three precursors (ubiquinone 0 UQ0, farnesol and farnesyl diphosphate FPP) were added in LSF. The results showed that UQ0 successfully induced AQ production; however, farnesol and FPP could not induce AQ synthesis. The precursor that restricts the synthesis of AQ is the quinone ring, not the isoprene side chain. Then, the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system of A. camphorata was established and the genes for quinone ring modification (coq2-6) and isoprene synthesis (HMGR, fps) were overexpressed. The results showed that overexpression of genes for isoprene side chain synthesis could not increase the yield of AQ, but overexpression of coq2 and coq5 could significantly increase AQ production. This is consistent with the results of the experiment of precursors. It indicated that the A. camphorata lack the ability to modify the quinone ring of AQ during LSF. Of the modification steps, prenylation of UQ0 is the key step of AQ biosynthesis. The result will help us to understand the genetic evidence for the requirements of AQ biosynthesis in A. camphorata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lihong Liang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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Li TJ, Lin TW, Wu SP, Chu HT, Kuo YH, Chiou JF, Lu LS, Chen CC. Patient-Derived Tumor Chemosensitization of GKB202, an Antrodia Cinnamomea Mycelium-Derived Bioactive Compound. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196018. [PMID: 34641562 PMCID: PMC8512555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma, and colorectal cancers are the three most common cancers, leading to 18,000 cases of cancer-related mortality in Taiwan per year. To bridge the gap towards clinical translation, we developed a circulating tumor cell (CTC) organoid culture workflow that efficiently expands CTC from patients to test Antrodia Cinnamomea mycelium-derived bioactive compounds. Three ACM-derived bioactive compounds were evaluated for tumor chemosensitization characteristics. Significant and consistent cytotoxic/5-FU sensitizing effects of GKB202 were found on 8 different patient-derived tumors. Acute toxicity profile and hepatic metabolism of GKB202 in rats suggest GKB202 is rapidly cleared by liver and is well tolerated up to the dose of 20 mg/kg. This comprehensive study provides new evidence that liquid fermentation of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelium (ACM) contains bioactive compounds that lead to effective control of CTC, especially when combined with 5-FU. Together, these data suggest ACM-derived GKB202 may be considered for further clinical investigation in the context of 5-FU-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ju Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan 32542, Taiwan; (T.-J.L.); (T.-W.L.); (H.-T.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Ting-Wei Lin
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan 32542, Taiwan; (T.-J.L.); (T.-W.L.); (H.-T.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Shih-Pei Wu
- CancerFree Biotech Ltd., Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Tung Chu
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan 32542, Taiwan; (T.-J.L.); (T.-W.L.); (H.-T.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Kuo
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan 32542, Taiwan; (T.-J.L.); (T.-W.L.); (H.-T.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-S.L.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio, Taoyuan 32542, Taiwan; (T.-J.L.); (T.-W.L.); (H.-T.C.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei City 104, Taiwan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.-S.L.); (C.-C.C.)
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Senthil Kumar KJ, Gokila Vani M, Hsieh HW, Lin CC, Wang SY. Antcins from Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia salmonea Inhibit Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) in Epithelial Cells: Can Be Potential Candidates for the Development of SARS-CoV-2 Prophylactic Agents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1736. [PMID: 34451782 PMCID: PMC8399673 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antcins are newly identified steroid-like compounds from Taiwan's endemic medicinal mushrooms Antrodia cinnamomea and Antrodia salmonea. Scientific studies of the past two decades confirmed that antcins have various pharmacological activities, including potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and is characterized as a significant threat to global public health. It was recently identified that SARS-CoV-2 required angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a receptor which supports host cell entry and disease onset. Here, we report a novel function of antcins, in which antcins exhibit inhibitory effects on ACE2. Compared to the untreated control group, treatment with various antcins (antcin-A, antcin-B, antcin-C, antcin-H, antcin-I, and antcin-M) significantly inhibited ACE2 activity in cultured human epithelial cells. Indeed, among the investigated antcins, antcin-A, antcin-B, antcin-C, and antcin-I showed a pronounceable inhibition against ACE2. These findings suggest that antcins could be novel anti-ACE2 agents to prevent SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry and the following disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Senthil Kumar
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - M. Gokila Vani
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Han-Wen Hsieh
- Taiwan Leader Biotech Company, Taipei 103, Taiwan; (H.-W.H.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Chin-Chung Lin
- Taiwan Leader Biotech Company, Taipei 103, Taiwan; (H.-W.H.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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38
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Li B, Lu YY, Lo JY, Qiao X, Ye M. Chemical constituents from the dish-cultured Antrodia camphorata and their cytotoxic activities. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2021; 23:666-674. [PMID: 32851859 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1810673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
One new meroterpenoid, antroquinonol Y (1), a new ergostane-type sterol, antcamphin Y (2), and a new ergostane-type triterpenoid, antcamphin Z (3), together with 10 known ones (4-13), were isolated from the dish-cultured fungus Antrodia camphorata. Their structures were characterized by extensive NMR and HRESIMS data analyses. The absolute configurations were elucidated by experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectral analyses and chemical semi-synthesis. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against four human cancer cell lines (U251, HL60, SW480, and A549 cells) with IC50 values of 4.6 to 11.7 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jen-Yu Lo
- Honest & Humble Biotechnology Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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39
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Zeng WW, Chen TC, Liu CH, Wang SY, Shaw JF, Chen YT. Identification and Isolation of an Intermediate Metabolite with Dual Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Activity Present in the Fungus Antrodia cinnamomea Cultured on an Alternative Medium with Cinnamomum kanehirai Leaf Extract. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040737. [PMID: 33918943 PMCID: PMC8069614 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fungus Antrodia cinnamomea has been used as a folk medicine for various diseases, especially cancer. When A. cinnamomea is cultured on the original host, an endangered woody plant Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata, the fungus produces more active ingredients, but its growth is slow. Here, C. kanehirai leaf ethanol extract (KLEE) was used as a substitute for C. kanehirai wood to culture A. cinnamomea on solid medium to shorten the culture period and produce active metabolites en masse. The antioxidant activities of methanol extracts from A. cinnamomea cultured on KLEE (MEAC-KLEE) were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging effect, reducing power, and ferrous ion-chelating effect, and the effective concentration (EC50) values were 0.27, 0.74, and 0.37 mg mL−1, respectively. MEAC-KLEE exhibited specific anti-proliferative activity against a non-small-cell lung cancer cell line (A549) by Annexin V assay. A secondary metabolite (2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol, DMMB) present in the extract (MEAC-KLEE) was purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. DMMB exhibited moderate antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals and reducing power, with EC50 values of 12.97 and 25.59 μg mL−1, respectively, and also induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Our results provide valuable insight into the development of DMMB for nutraceutical biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zeng
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (W.-W.Z.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Tsan-Chi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banqiao District, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Huan Liu
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (W.-W.Z.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yang Wang
- Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ting Chen
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan; (W.-W.Z.); (C.-H.L.)
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2284-0338 (ext. 7021)
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Liu X, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Liang L, Xiong Z, Wang G, Song X, Ai L. Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 184:112677. [PMID: 33556840 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antroquinonol (AQ) as one of the most potent bioactive components in Antrodia cinnamomea (Fomitopsidaceae) shows a broad spectrum of anticancer effects. The lower yield of AQ has hampered its possible clinical application. AQ production may potentially be improved by genetic engineering. In this study, the protoplast-polyethylene glycol method combined with hygromycin as a selection marker was used in the genetic engineering of A. cinnamomea S-29. The optimization of several crucial parameters revealed that the optimal condition for generating maximal viable protoplasts was digestion of 4-day-old germlings with a mixture of enzymes (lysing enzyme, snailase, and cellulase) and 1.0 M MgSO4 for 4 h. The ubiA and CoQ2 genes, which are involved in the synthesis of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase, were cloned and overexpressed in A. cinnamomea. The results showed that ubiA and CoQ2 overexpression significantly increased AQ production in submerged fermentation. The overexpressing strain produced maximum AQ concentrations of 14.75 ± 0.41 mg/L and 19.25 ± 0.29 mg/L in pCT74-gpd-ubiA and pCT74-gpd-CoQ2 transformants, respectively. These concentrations were 2.00 and 2.61 times greater than those produced by the control, respectively. This research exemplifies how the production of metabolites may be increased by genetic manipulation, and will be invaluable to guide the genetic engineering of other mushrooms that produce medically useful compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Chem and Bio Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310023, PR China
| | - Lihong Liang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Xin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China.
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Chiang SS, Chen LS, Chu CY. Active food ingredients production from cold pressed processing residues of Camellia oleifera and Camellia sinensis seeds for regulation of blood pressure and vascular function. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129267. [PMID: 33338714 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most common illnesses worldwide. Accurate control of blood pressure can help reduce the incidence of complications. Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) is a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor that increases oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, activating the expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), which thickens the vessel wall and ultimately contributes to hypertension. Studies have shown that seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel and Camellia sinensis (L). O. Kuntze (Oolong tea) possesses antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory functions. Therefore, this study aimed was to investigate the functional components in the seed pomace ethanol extracts of C. oleifera Abel (CPE) and Oolong tea (OPE) and to evaluate the ameliorative effects of CPE and OPE on oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular remodeling in l-NAME induced hypertensive C57BL/6J mice. After 8 weeks of treatment, all CPE and OPE dose groups significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, by over 30 mmHg and 15 mmHg, respectively. Additionally, CPE and OPE decreased transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) expression in the thoracic aortic and thoracic aortic intima-media thickness. Moreover, CPE and OPE decreased the malondialdehyde concentration in the liver by over 33%, as well as levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and interleukin-1β in the kidney and heart. Collectively, CPE and OPE can reduce oxidative stress and vascular remodeling, lowering blood pressure, and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Shih Chiang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 40227, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Le-Shu Chen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 40227, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Yeon Chu
- Institute of Green Products, Feng Chia University, 40724, Taichung, Taiwan; Master's Program of Green Energy Science and Technology, Feng Chia University, 40724, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Abo Nouh FA, Gezaf SA, Abo Nahas HH, Abo Nahas YH, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Acosta RAS, Abdel-Azeem AM. Diversity of Cordyceps from Different Environmental Agroecosystems and Potential Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Tan Y, Johnson M, Zhou J, Zhao Y, Kamal MA, Qu X. Antrodia cinnamomea Inhibits Growth and Migration of Lung Cancer Cells through Regulating p53-Bcl2 and MMPs Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1941-1953. [PMID: 33300478 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia cinnamomea has been shown to possess antitumor activity. This study investigated the effects and mechanisms of Antrodia cinnamomea extract (ACE) on growth and migration of human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. The effect of ACE on cell viability was determined by MTT assay and fluorescent live-cell imaging. The apoptotic effect of ACE was determined by cell cycle distribution using flow cytometry. A P53-mediated apoptosis pathway was identified by measuring protein expression of p53 and Bcl-2 with Western blotting. Additionally, mRNA expression of p53 and Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by qRT-PCR. The effect of ACE on cancer cell migration was confirmed by a wound-healing assay. Expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at the protein and gene levels was determined by western blot and qRT-PCR analysis. This study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of ACE on A549 cell proliferation in a dose-response manner with an [Formula: see text]. It was determined that ACE concentration at [Formula: see text] induced cell cycle arrest at S phase in A549 cells. The apoptosis-regulating protein p53 expression was enhanced and also associated with the downregulation of Bcl-2 in ACE treatment cells. The mRNA expression of p53 and Bcl-2 associated with Bxa was consistent with protein expression. The inhibition of migration of cancer cells treated with ACE was clearly evident. At the same time, suppression of expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 at protein and mRNA levels was observed. The findings of this study highlight ACE as a potential agent of adjuvant therapy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Michael Johnson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jiong Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.,King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xianqin Qu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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Lee MH, Chao CH, Hsu YC, Lu MK. Production, characterization, and functions of sulfated polysaccharides from zinc sulfate enriched cultivation of Antrodia cinnamomea. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:1013-1021. [PMID: 32417542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This research utilized zinc sulfate enriched cultural conditions to produce sulfated polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea (denoted as ZnFSPS) and physiochemically characterize functional and mechanical investigations of ZnFSPS. The maximum SPS yield reached a value of 6.68% when A. cinnamomea was fed zinc sulfate with 250 mM (denoted as Zn250). Zn250 had a maximal inhibitory effect on LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) release in RAW264.7 macrophage. Zn250 contained the highest area percentage of molecular weight of 178.5, 105.1, and 1.56 kDa at values of 19.08, 15.09, and 5.04. Zn250 contained three times the sulfate content as compared with the control. Mechanism studies revealed a novel finding that Zn250 inhibited the LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammation and selectively blocked pAKT, pERK and p38. Zn250 also attenuated the LPS-induced IkB-α degradation. In addition, ZnFSPS interfered with lung cancer cell H1975 TGFRI/FAK/Slug signaling. These results suggest ZnFSPS plays roles in regulating inflammatory and anti-lung cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Hsu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Liu X, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Yang C, Xiong Z, Song X, Ai L. Comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of antroquinonol biosynthetic genes and enzymes in Antrodia camphorata. AMB Express 2020; 10:136. [PMID: 32748086 PMCID: PMC7399014 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antroquinonol (AQ) has several remarkable bioactivities in acute myeloid leukaemia and pancreatic cancer, but difficulties in the mass production of AQ hamper its applications. Currently, molecular biotechnology methods, such as gene overexpression, have been widely used to increase the production of metabolites. However, AQ biosynthetic genes and enzymes are poorly understood. In this study, an integrated study coupling RNA-Seq and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) were used to identify AQ synthesis-related genes and enzymes in Antrodia camphorata during coenzyme Q0-induced fermentation (FM). The upregulated genes related to acetyl-CoA synthesis indicated that acetyl-CoA enters the mevalonate pathway to form the farnesyl tail precursor of AQ. The metE gene for an enzyme with methyl transfer activity provided sufficient methyl groups for AQ structure formation. The CoQ2 and ubiA genes encode p-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl transferase, linking coenzyme Q0 and the polyisoprene side chain to form coenzyme Q3. NADH is transformed into NAD+ and releases two electrons, which may be beneficial for the conversion of coenzyme Q3 to AQ. Understanding the biosynthetic genes and enzymes of AQ is important for improving its production by genetic means in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Xiong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China.
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Kuang Y, Li B, Wang Z, Qiao X, Ye M. Terpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata: chemistry and medicinal potential. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:83-102. [PMID: 32720965 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to February 2020Antrodia camphorata is a medicinal mushroom endemic to Taiwan for the treatment of intoxication, liver injury, cancer, and inflammation. Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities, efforts have been devoted to identify its bioactive constituents, especially terpenoids. Since 1995, a total of 162 terpenoids including triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, and steroids have been characterized. The ergostane-type triterpenoids (antcins) and meroterpenoids (antroquinonols) are characteristic constituents of A. camphorata. The terpenoids show anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective activities. This review summarizes the research progress on terpenoids in A. camphorata during 1995-2020, including structural diversity, resources, biosynthesis, pharmacological activities, metabolism, and toxicity. The medicinal potential of the terpenoids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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Guo W, Yu J, Zhu D, Chen X, Hou W. Chemical Constituents of the Artificial Fruit Body of Antrodia cinnamomea. Chem Nat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-020-03148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Li B, Kuang Y, He JB, Tang R, Xu LL, Leung CH, Ma DL, Qiao X, Ye M. Antcamphorols A-K, Cytotoxic and ROS Scavenging Triterpenoids from Antrodia camphorata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:45-54. [PMID: 31891260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is a rare and valuable medicinal mushroom. In this work, 11 new triterpenoids, namely, antcamphorols A-K (1-11), together with 10 known triterpenoids, 12-21, were isolated from dish-cultured A. camphorata. Compound 1 is an unprecedented C31 lanostane-type triterpenoid featuring a methyl group at C-15 and a C-21-O-C-24 tetrahydropyran ring at C-17. Compounds 2-11 are ergostane-type triterpenoids, and they include two pairs of norergostanes 2-5. The structures of the new compounds were identified by NMR, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS data analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 6 were defined by X-ray diffraction data, and the absolute configuration at C-25 of 4 was determined by the modified Mosher's method. Compounds 7, 9, 10, 16, and 19 showed significant ROS scavenging activities (63.9-70.5% at 20 μM) in high-glucose-induced HUVECs. Compounds 3 and 8 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against U251 (IC50, 9.2 μM) and MCF-7 (IC50, 8.1 μM) human cancer cell lines, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs & Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs & Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs & Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs & Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs & Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macau , People's Republic of China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong SWT 802 , Hong Kong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs & Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs & Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Road , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
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A mechanistic and empirical review of antcins, a new class of phytosterols of formosan fungi origin. J Food Drug Anal 2020; 28:38-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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50
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He J, Hu Z, Dong Z, Li B, Chen K, Shang Z, Zhang M, Qiao X, Ye M. Enzymatic
O
‐Prenylation of Diverse Phenolic Compounds by a Permissive
O
‐Prenyltransferase from the Medicinal Mushroom
Antrodia camphorata. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbin He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Kuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
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