1
|
Wang Y, Wang Z, Sun Y, Zhu M, Jiang Y, Bai H, Yang B, Kuang H. Isovaleryl Sucrose Esters from Atractylodes japonica and Their Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:3069. [PMID: 38999021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents one of the most significant health challenges currently facing humanity, and plant-derived antitumour drugs represent a prominent class of anticancer medications in clinical practice. Isovaleryl sucrose esters, which are natural constituents, have been identified as having potential antitumour effects. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, 12 isovaleryl sucrose ester components, including five new (1-5) and seven known compounds (6-12), were isolated from the roots of Atractylodes japonica. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, complemented by HR-ESI-MS mass spectrometry. The cytotoxic activities of all the compounds against human colon cancer cells (HCT-116) and human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were also evaluated using the CCK8 assay. The results demonstrated that compounds 2, 4, and 6 were moderately inhibitory to HCT-116 cells, with IC50 values of 7.49 ± 0.48, 9.03 ± 0.21, and 13.49 ± 1.45 μM, respectively. Compounds 1 and 6 were moderately inhibitory to A549, with IC50 values of 8.36 ± 0.77 and 7.10 ± 0.52 μM, respectively. Molecular docking revealed that compounds 1-9 exhibited a stronger affinity for FGFR3 and BRAF, with binding energies below -7 kcal/mol. Compound 2 exhibited the lowest binding energy of -10.63 kcal/mol to FGFR3. We screened the compounds with lower binding energies, and the protein-ligand complexes already obtained after molecular docking were subjected to exhaustive molecular dynamics simulation experiments, which simulated the dynamic behaviour of the molecules in close proximity to the actual biological environment, thus providing a deeper understanding of their functions and interaction mechanisms. The present study provides a reference for the development and use of iso-valeryl sucrose esters in the antitumour field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haodong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ham JM, Kim M, Kim T, Ryu SE, Park H. Structure-Based De Novo Design for the Discovery of Miniprotein Inhibitors Targeting Oncogenic Mutant BRAF. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5535. [PMID: 38791574 PMCID: PMC11122373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Being a component of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway crucial for cellular responses, the VRAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 (BRAF) kinase has emerged as a promising target for anticancer drug discovery due to oncogenic mutations that lead to pathway hyperactivation. Despite the discovery of several small-molecule BRAF kinase inhibitors targeting oncogenic mutants, their clinical utility has been limited by challenges such as off-target effects and suboptimal pharmacological properties. This study focuses on identifying miniprotein inhibitors for the oncogenic V600E mutant BRAF, leveraging their potential as versatile drug candidates. Using a structure-based de novo design approach based on binding affinity to V600E mutant BRAF and hydration energy, 39 candidate miniprotein inhibitors comprising three helices and 69 amino acids were generated from the substructure of the endogenous ligand protein (14-3-3). Through in vitro binding and kinase inhibition assays, two miniproteins (63 and 76) were discovered as novel inhibitors of V600E mutant BRAF with low-micromolar activity, with miniprotein 76 demonstrating a specific impediment to MEK1 phosphorylation in mammalian cells. These findings highlight miniprotein 76 as a potential lead compound for developing new cancer therapeutics, and the structural features contributing to its biochemical potency against V600E mutant BRAF are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Ham
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seong-dong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (J.M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Myeongbin Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seong-dong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (J.M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Taeho Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seong Eon Ryu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seong-dong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; (J.M.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Hwangseo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ge X, Ou W, Wei A, Lian H, Ma H, Cui L, Wang D, Zhang L, Wang X, He L, Zhang R, Wang T. Clinical features and treatment outcomes of liver involvement in paediatric Langerhans cell histiocytosis. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:316. [PMID: 38714959 PMCID: PMC11077857 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is the most common histiocytic disorder in children, and liver involvement in LCH is rare. This retrospective study reported the clinical features and prognosis of patients with hepatic LCH. Liver involvement was defined by histopathological findings, liver dysfunction or abnormalities, or ultrasound imaging. A total of 130 patients (14.5%) with hepatic LCH out of 899 in the LCH population were enrolled. Patients with liver involvement had greater frequencies of skin, lung, hearing system, and haematologic system involvement, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (P<0.001, 0.001, 0.002, 0.009, and <0.001, respectively). Overall survival and progression-free survival were lower in LCH patients with liver involvement than in those without liver involvement (P<0.001 and <0.001). In patients with liver involvement, the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were lower in patients with cholangitis than in those without cholangitis (P<0.020 and 0.030). For the treatment response, the response rate of hepatic LCH patients to initial first-line therapy (n=89) was 22.5%. However, there was no significant difference in the response rate or recurrence rate between patients who shifted from first-line treatment to second-line treatment (n=29) or to targeted therapy (n=13) (P=0.453 and 1.000). The response rate of hepatic LCH patients who received initial second-line therapy (n=13) was 38.5%. Two of these patients subsequently experienced bone recurrence. The response rate of hepatic LCH patients who received initial targeted therapy (n=16) was 75.0%. Three patients subsequently experienced recurrence, including 2 in the bone and 1 in the liver and skin. A total of 39.3% of patients who received second-line treatment had severe myelosuppression (grade III-IV), and 50.8% had varying degrees of gastrointestinal events, whereas there was no severe toxicity in patients who received first-line treatment and targeted therapy. Four patients underwent liver transplantation because of liver cirrhosis. The patients' liver disease improved within a follow-up period of 18-79 months. This study demonstrated that LCH with liver involvement, especially cholangitis, indicates a poor prognosis. Targeted therapy provides a good treatment response and less toxicity. However, it may relapse after withdrawal. Liver transplantation is still a reliable salvage option for patients with end-stage liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinshun Ge
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Ou
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China
| | - Ang Wei
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China
| | - Hongyun Lian
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China
| | - Honghao Ma
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cui
- Hematologic Disease Laboratory, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute; Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China.
| | - Lejian He
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China.
| | - Tianyou Wang
- Hematology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University); Key Laboratory of Major Disease in Children, Ministry of Education; Department of Hematology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Nanlishi Road No. 56, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100045, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang P, Laster K, Jia X, Dong Z, Liu K. Targeting CRAF kinase in anti-cancer therapy: progress and opportunities. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:208. [PMID: 38111008 PMCID: PMC10726672 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade is commonly dysregulated in human malignancies by processes driven by RAS or RAF oncogenes. Among the members of the RAF kinase family, CRAF plays an important role in the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, as well as in the progression of cancer. Recent research has provided evidence implicating the role of CRAF in the physiological regulation and the resistance to BRAF inhibitors through MAPK-dependent and MAPK-independent mechanisms. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of solely targeting CRAF kinase activity remains controversial. Moreover, the kinase-independent function of CRAF may be essential for lung cancers with KRAS mutations. It is imperative to develop strategies to enhance efficacy and minimize toxicity in tumors driven by RAS or RAF oncogenes. The review investigates CRAF alterations observed in cancers and unravels the distinct roles of CRAF in cancers propelled by diverse oncogenes. This review also seeks to summarize CRAF-interacting proteins and delineate CRAF's regulation across various cancer hallmarks. Additionally, we discuss recent advances in pan-RAF inhibitors and their combination with other therapeutic approaches to improve treatment outcomes and minimize adverse effects in patients with RAF/RAS-mutant tumors. By providing a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted role of CRAF in cancers and highlighting the latest developments in RAF inhibitor therapies, we endeavor to identify synergistic targets and elucidate resistance pathways, setting the stage for more robust and safer combination strategies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penglei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Tianjian Laboratory for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Kyle Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xuechao Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
- Tianjian Laboratory for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Tianjian Laboratory for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, AMS, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
- Basic Medicine Sciences Research Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
- Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sarkar S, Deyoung T, Ressler H, Chandler W. Brain Tumors: Development, Drug Resistance, and Sensitization - An Epigenetic Approach. Epigenetics 2023; 18:2237761. [PMID: 37499114 PMCID: PMC10376921 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2023.2237761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we describe contrasting developmental aspects of paediatric and adult brain tumours. We hypothesize that the formation of cancer progenitor cells, for both paediatric and adult, could be due to epigenetic events. However, the progression of adult brain tumours selectively involves more mutations compared to paediatric tumours. We further discuss epigenetic switches, comprising both histone modifications and DNA methylation, and how they can differentially regulate transcription and expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Next, we summarize the currently available therapies for both types of brain tumours, explaining the merits and failures leading to drug resistance. We analyse different mechanisms of drug resistance and the role of epigenetics in this process. We then provide a rationale for combination therapy, which includes epigenetic drugs. In the end, we postulate a concept which describes how a combination therapy could be initiated. The timing, doses, and order of individual drug regimens will depend on the individual case. This type of combination therapy will be part of a personalized medicine which will differ from patient to patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sibaji Sarkar
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
- Division of Biology, STEM, RC College Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tara Deyoung
- Division of Biotechnology, Quincy College, Quincy, MA, USA
| | - Hope Ressler
- Division of Biology, STEM, MBC College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dondi A, Lischetti U, Jacob F, Singer F, Borgsmüller N, Coelho R, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Beisel C, Beerenwinkel N. Detection of isoforms and genomic alterations by high-throughput full-length single-cell RNA sequencing in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7780. [PMID: 38012143 PMCID: PMC10682465 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the complex background of cancer requires genotype-phenotype information in single-cell resolution. Here, we perform long-read single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on clinical samples from three ovarian cancer patients presenting with omental metastasis and increase the PacBio sequencing depth to 12,000 reads per cell. Our approach captures 152,000 isoforms, of which over 52,000 were not previously reported. Isoform-level analysis accounting for non-coding isoforms reveals 20% overestimation of protein-coding gene expression on average. We also detect cell type-specific isoform and poly-adenylation site usage in tumor and mesothelial cells, and find that mesothelial cells transition into cancer-associated fibroblasts in the metastasis, partly through the TGF-β/miR-29/Collagen axis. Furthermore, we identify gene fusions, including an experimentally validated IGF2BP2::TESPA1 fusion, which is misclassified as high TESPA1 expression in matched short-read data, and call mutations confirmed by targeted NGS cancer gene panel results. With these findings, we envision long-read scRNA-seq to become increasingly relevant in oncology and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Dondi
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Lischetti
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
- University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Francis Jacob
- University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Singer
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, NEXUS Personalized Health Technologies, Wagistrasse 18, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nico Borgsmüller
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo Coelho
- University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Ovarian Cancer Research, Department of Biomedicine, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
- University Hospital Basel, Gynecological Cancer Center, Spitalstrasse 21, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Beisel
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Niko Beerenwinkel
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tojjari A, Saeed A, Sadeghipour A, Kurzrock R, Cavalcante L. Overcoming Immune Checkpoint Therapy Resistance with SHP2 Inhibition in Cancer and Immune Cells: A Review of the Literature and Novel Combinatorial Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5384. [PMID: 38001644 PMCID: PMC10670368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SHP2 (Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase widely expressed in various cell types. SHP2 plays a crucial role in different cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Aberrant activation of SHP2 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and is considered a promising therapeutic target for treating these malignancies. The PTPN11 gene and functions encode SHP2 as a critical signal transduction regulator that interacts with key signaling molecules in both the RAS/ERK and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways; SHP2 is also implicated in T-cell signaling. SHP2 may be inhibited by molecules that cause allosteric (bind to sites other than the active site and attenuate activation) or orthosteric (bind to the active site and stop activation) inhibition or via potent SHP2 degraders. These inhibitors have anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells and suppress tumor growth in preclinical models. In addition, several SHP2 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment. This review aims to provide an overview of the current research on SHP2 inhibitors, including their mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and clinical development, focusing on immune modulation effects and novel therapeutic strategies in the immune-oncology field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tojjari
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Arezoo Sadeghipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-175, Iran
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, Genome Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guerrero P, Albarrán V, San Román M, González-Merino C, García de Quevedo C, Moreno J, Calvo JC, González G, Orejana I, Chamorro J, Martínez-Delfrade Í, Morón B, de Frutos B, Ferreiro MR. BRAF Inhibitors in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer and Mechanisms of Resistance: A Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5243. [PMID: 37958416 PMCID: PMC10649848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with mutated BRAF exhibits distinct biological and molecular features that set it apart from other subtypes of CRC. Current standard treatment for these tumors involves a combination of chemotherapy (CT) and VEGF inhibitors. Recently, targeted therapy against BRAF and immunotherapy (IT) for cases with microsatellite instability (MSI) have been integrated into clinical practice. While targeted therapy has shown promising results, resistance to treatment eventually develops in a significant portion of responsive patients. This article aims to review the available literature on mechanisms of resistance to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFis) and potential therapeutic strategies to overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Guerrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain; (V.A.); (M.S.R.); (C.G.-M.); (C.G.d.Q.); (J.M.); (J.C.C.); (G.G.); (I.O.); (J.C.); (Í.M.-D.); (B.M.); (B.d.F.); (M.R.F.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Plachouri KM, Florou V, Georgiou V, Georgiou S. Cutaneous Side Effects of Modern Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in Patients with Dermatological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3126. [PMID: 37370736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapy and targeted therapies in treating dermatological malignancies has dramatically changed the landscape of dermato-oncology in recent years. Their superior efficacy compared to previous therapeutic options, such as chemotherapy, has resulted in their use in treating devastating malignancies, such as melanoma or unresectable/metastatic basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. Skin toxicity is a critical safety consideration, among other adverse reactions, that can occur under treatment with these agents. This article aims to summarize the cutaneous side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted dermato-oncological therapies. Although the skin side effects of these agents are primarily mild, they can occasionally affect the decision for treatment continuation and the quality of life of the affected patients. Therefore, physicians must be acquainted with the specific cutaneous toxicity profile of such treatments to mitigate their impact on the patients and optimize the overall outcome of dermato-oncological therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerasia-Maria Plachouri
- Dermatology Department, University General Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, 265 04 Rio, Greece
| | - Vaia Florou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 841112, USA
| | - Vasileios Georgiou
- School of Medicine, University General Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, 265 04 Rio, Greece
| | - Sophia Georgiou
- Dermatology Department, University General Hospital of Patras, University of Patras, 265 04 Rio, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Patterson A, Elbasir A, Tian B, Auslander N. Computational Methods Summarizing Mutational Patterns in Cancer: Promise and Limitations for Clinical Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071958. [PMID: 37046619 PMCID: PMC10093138 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the rise of next-generation sequencing technologies, the catalogue of mutations in cancer has been continuously expanding. To address the complexity of the cancer-genomic landscape and extract meaningful insights, numerous computational approaches have been developed over the last two decades. In this review, we survey the current leading computational methods to derive intricate mutational patterns in the context of clinical relevance. We begin with mutation signatures, explaining first how mutation signatures were developed and then examining the utility of studies using mutation signatures to correlate environmental effects on the cancer genome. Next, we examine current clinical research that employs mutation signatures and discuss the potential use cases and challenges of mutation signatures in clinical decision-making. We then examine computational studies developing tools to investigate complex patterns of mutations beyond the context of mutational signatures. We survey methods to identify cancer-driver genes, from single-driver studies to pathway and network analyses. In addition, we review methods inferring complex combinations of mutations for clinical tasks and using mutations integrated with multi-omics data to better predict cancer phenotypes. We examine the use of these tools for either discovery or prediction, including prediction of tumor origin, treatment outcomes, prognosis, and cancer typing. We further discuss the main limitations preventing widespread clinical integration of computational tools for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. We end by proposing solutions to address these challenges using recent advances in machine learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Patterson
- Genomics and Computational Biology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Bin Tian
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noam Auslander
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Verghese M, Wilkinson E, He YY. Recent Advances in RNA m 6A Modification in Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 190:95-142. [PMID: 38113000 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An analogous field to epigenetics is referred to as epitranscriptomics, which focuses on the study of post-transcriptional chemical modifications in RNA. RNA molecules, including mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, and other non-coding RNA molecules, can be edited with numerous modifications. The most prevalent modification in eukaryotic mRNA is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), which is a reversible modification found in over 7000 human genes. Recent technological advances have accelerated the characterization of these modifications, and they have been shown to play important roles in many biological processes, including pathogenic processes such as cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the role of m6A mRNA modification in cancer with a focus on solid tumor biology and immunity. m6A RNA methylation and its regulatory proteins can play context-dependent roles in solid tumor development and progression by modulating RNA metabolism to drive oncogenic or tumor-suppressive cellular pathways. m6A RNA methylation also plays dynamic roles within both immune cells and tumor cells to mediate the anti-tumor immune response. Finally, an emerging area of research within epitranscriptomics studies the role of m6A RNA methylation in promoting sensitivity or resistance to cancer therapies, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Overall, our understanding of m6A RNA methylation in solid tumors has advanced significantly, and continued research is needed both to fill gaps in knowledge and to identify potential areas of focus for therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Emma Wilkinson
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pingili D, Svum P, Raghavendra NM. Discovery of Novel 1,2,4‐Oxadiazolyl Triazole Hybrids as B‐Raf Inhibitors for the Treatment of Melanoma. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Pingili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Sri Venkateshwara College of Pharmacy, Madhapur Hyderabad Telangana India
- Department of Pharmacy Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada
| | - Prasad Svum
- Department of Pharmacy Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada
| | - Nulgumnalli Manjunathaiah Raghavendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy Bengaluru Karnataka India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dayanand Sagar University Bengaluru Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bahmanyar M, Vakil MK, Al-Awsi GRL, Kouhpayeh SA, Mansoori Y, Mansoori B, Moravej A, Mazarzaei A, Ghasemian A. Anticancer traits of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-Natural Killer (NK) cells as novel approaches for melanoma treatment. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1220. [PMID: 36434591 PMCID: PMC9701052 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to non-responsiveness of a high number of patients to the common melanoma therapies, seeking novel approaches seem as an unmet requirement. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were initially employed against recurrent or refractory B cell malignancies. However, advanced stages or pretreated patients have insufficient T cells (lymphopenia) amount for collection and clinical application. Additionally, this process is time-consuming and logistically cumbersome. Another limitation of this approach is toxicity and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) progress and neurotoxicity syndrome (NS). Natural killer (NK) cells are a versatile component of the innate immunity and have several advantages over T cells in the application for therapies such as availability, unique biological features, safety profile, cost effectiveness and higher tissue residence. Additionally, CAR NK cells do not develop Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and are independent of host HLA genotype. Notably, the NK cells number and activity is affected in the tumor microenvironment (TME), paving the way for developing novel approaches by enhancing their maturation and functionality. The CAR NK cells short lifespan is a double edge sword declining toxicity and reducing their persistence. Bispecific and Trispecific Killer Cell Engagers (BiKE and Trike, respectively) are emerging and promising immunotherapies for efficient antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). CAR NK cells have some limitations in terms of expanding and transducing NK cells from donors to achieve clinical response. Clinical trials are in scarcity regarding the CAR NK cell-based cancer therapies. The CAR NK cells short life span following irradiation before infusion limits their efficiency inhibiting their in vivo expansion. The CAR NK cells efficacy enhancement in terms of lifespan TME preparation and stability is a goal for melanoma treatment. Combination therapies using CAR NK cells and chemotherapy can also overcome therapy limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahmanyar
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Vakil
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Amin Kouhpayeh
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Behnam Mansoori
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Ali Moravej
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Abdulbaset Mazarzaei
- grid.512728.b0000 0004 5907 6819Department of Immunology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Ghasemian
- grid.411135.30000 0004 0415 3047Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dual Inhibition of BRAF-MAPK and STAT3 Signaling Pathways in Resveratrol-Suppressed Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells with BRAF Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214385. [PMID: 36430869 PMCID: PMC9692422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is an extremely lethal malignancy without reliable treatment. BRAFV600E point mutation is common in ATCs, which leads to MAPK signaling activation and is regarded as a therapeutic target. Resveratrol inhibits ATC cell growth, while its impact on BRAF-MAPK signaling remains unknown. This study aims to address this issue by elucidating the statuses of BRAF-MAPK and STAT3 signaling activities in resveratrol-treated THJ-11T, THJ-16T, and THJ-21T ATC cells and Nthyori 3-1 thyroid epithelial cells. RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing revealed MKRN1-BRAF fusion mutation in THJ-16T, BRAF V600E point mutation in THJ-21T, and wild-type BRAF genes in THJ-11T and Nthyori 3-1 cells. Western blotting and immunocytochemical staining showed elevated pBRAF, pMEK, and pERK levels in THJ-16T and THJ-21T, but not in THJ-11T or Nthyori 3-1 cells. Calcein/PI, EdU, and TUNEL assays showed that compared with docetaxel and doxorubicin and MAPK-targeting dabrafenib and trametinib, resveratrol exerted more powerful inhibitory effects on mutant BRAF-harboring THJ-16T and THJ-21T cells, accompanied by reduced levels of MAPK pathway-associated proteins and pSTAT3. Trametinib- and dabrafenib-enhanced STAT3 activation was efficiently suppressed by resveratrol. In conclusion, resveratrol acts as dual BRAF-MAPK and STAT3 signaling inhibitor and a promising agent against ATCs with BRAF mutation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Śledzińska P, Bebyn M, Furtak J, Koper A, Koper K. Current and promising treatment strategies in glioma. Rev Neurosci 2022:revneuro-2022-0060. [PMID: 36062548 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary central nervous system tumors; despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, glioma patients generally have a poor prognosis. Hence there is a clear need for improved therapeutic options. In recent years, significant effort has been made to investigate immunotherapy and precision oncology approaches. The review covers well-established strategies such as surgery, temozolomide, PCV, and mTOR inhibitors. Furthermore, it summarizes promising therapies: tumor treating fields, immune therapies, tyrosine kinases inhibitors, IDH(Isocitrate dehydrogenase)-targeted approaches, and others. While there are many promising treatment strategies, none fundamentally changed the management of glioma patients. However, we are still awaiting the outcome of ongoing trials, which have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Śledzińska
- Molecular Oncology and Genetics Department, Innovative Medical Forum, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marek Bebyn
- Molecular Oncology and Genetics Department, Innovative Medical Forum, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jacek Furtak
- Department of Neurosurgery, 10th Military Research Hospital and Polyclinic, 85-681 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Neurooncology and Radiosurgery, The F. Lukaszczyk Oncology Center, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Koper
- Department of Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Oncology, Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Centre, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Koper
- Department of Oncology, Franciszek Lukaszczyk Oncology Centre, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland.,Department of Clinical Oncology, and Nursing, Departament of Oncological Surgery, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adams R, Coumbe JEM, Coumbe BGT, Thomas J, Willsmore Z, Dimitrievska M, Yasuzawa-Parker M, Hoyle M, Ingar S, Geh J, MacKenzie Ross A, Healy C, Papa S, Lacy KE, Karagiannis SN. BRAF inhibitors and their immunological effects in malignant melanoma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:347-362. [PMID: 35195495 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2044796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of cutaneous melanoma has been revolutionised by the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting the MAPK pathway, including inhibitors of BRAF (BRAFi) and MEK (MEKi), and immune checkpoint blockade antibodies, occurring in tandem. Despite these advances, the 5-year survival rate for patients with advanced melanoma remains only around 50%. Although not designed to alter immune responses within the tumour microenvironment (TME), MAPK pathway inhibitors (MAPKi) exert a range of effects on the host immune compartment which may offer opportunities for therapeutic interventions. AREAS COVERED We review the effects of MAPKi especially BRAFi, on the TME, focussing on alterations in inflammatory cytokine secretion, the recruitment of immune cells and their functions, both during response to BRAFi treatment and as resistance develops. We outline potential combinations of MAPKi with established and experimental treatments. EXPERT OPINION MAPKi in combination or in sequence with established treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors, anti-angiogenic agents, or new therapies such as adoptive cell therapies, may augment their immunological effects, reverse tumour-associated immune suppression and offer the prospect of longer-lived clinical responses. Refining therapeutic tools at our disposal and embracing "old friends" in the melanoma treatment arsenal, alongside new target identification, may improve the chances of therapeutic success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Adams
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jack E M Coumbe
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Ben G T Coumbe
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Thomas
- The Royal Marsden, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Zena Willsmore
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Marija Dimitrievska
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Yasuzawa-Parker
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Hoyle
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Suhaylah Ingar
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Geh
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair MacKenzie Ross
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ciaran Healy
- Department of Plastic Surgery at Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Papa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,ImmunoEngineering, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E Lacy
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.,Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Cancer Centre, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pham JP, Star P, Phan K, Loh Y, Joshua AM, Smith A. Review BRAF inhibition and the spectrum of granulomatous reactions. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 87:605-613. [PMID: 34715287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BRAF-inhibitors have emerged as a promising targeted therapy for malignancies with BRAF mutations, particularly metastatic melanoma. However, granulomatous reactions including sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like-reactions have been reported as a consequence of BRAF-inhibition. It is important to adequately characterise these granulomatous reactions including cutaneous manifestations and systemic involvement, in order to guide investigations and management. A literature review was conducted to characterise the spectrum of granulomatous reactions associated with BRAF-inhibitors - identifying 55 reactions affecting 51 patients, with 37 reactions limited to cutaneous involvement. Further, possible correlation with cancer response, mechanisms of granuloma formation, as well as a proposed workup and management approach for these granulomatous reactions are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P Pham
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Phoebe Star
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kevin Phan
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanni Loh
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute of Australia, North Sydney, NSW, Australia; Medical Oncology, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annika Smith
- St. Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Melanoma Institute of Australia, North Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baviskar T, Momin M, Liu J, Guo B, Bhatt L. Target Genetic Abnormalities for the Treatment of Colon Cancer and Its Progression to Metastasis. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:722-733. [PMID: 33213339 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201119141015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinogenesis involves various processes from the accumulation of genetic alterations to genetic and epigenetic modulations and chromosomal abnormalities. It also involves mutations in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes. Genomic instability plays a vital role in CRC. Advances in modern biological techniques and molecular level studies have identified various genes involved in colorectal cancer (CRC). KRAS, BRAF, PI3K, and p53 genes play a significant role in different phases of CRC. Alteration of these genes leads to development or progression and metastasis colon cancer. This review focuses on the role of KRAS, BRAF, PI3KCA, and TP53 genes in carcinogenesis and their significance in various stages of CRC. It also provides insights on specific modulators acting on these genes. Further, this review discusses the mechanism of the pathways involving these genes in carcinogenesis and current molecules and treatment options under various stages of clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Baviskar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, United States
| | - Lokesh Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liang X, Wu P, Yang Q, Xie Y, He C, Yin L, Yin Z, Yue G, Zou Y, Li L, Song X, Lv C, Zhang W, Jing B. An update of new small-molecule anticancer drugs approved from 2015 to 2020. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113473. [PMID: 33906047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A high incidence of cancer has given rise to the development of more anti-tumor drugs. From 2015 to 2020, fifty-six new small-molecule anticancer drugs, divided into ten categories according to their anti-tumor target activities, have been approved. These include TKIs (30 drugs), MAPK inhibitors (3 drugs), CDK inhibitors (3 drugs), PARP inhibitors (3 drugs), PI3K inhibitors (3 drugs), SMO receptor antagonists (2 drugs), AR antagonists (2 drugs), SSTR inhibitors (2 drugs), IDH inhibitors (2 drugs) and others (6 drugs). Among them, PTK inhibitors (30/56) have led to a paradigm shift in cancer treatment with less toxicity and more potency. Each of their structures, approval statuses, applications, SAR analyses, and original research synthesis routes have been summarized, giving us a more comprehensive map for further efforts to design more specific targeted agents for reducing cancer in the future. We believe this review will help further research of potential antitumor agents in clinical usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China.
| | - Pan Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yunyu Xie
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Guizhou Yue
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Bo Jing
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Advani D, Sharma S, Kumari S, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Precision Oncology, Signaling and Anticancer Agents in Cancer Therapeutics. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:433-468. [PMID: 33687887 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210308101029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global alliance for genomics and healthcare facilities provides innovational solutions to expedite research and clinical practices for complex and incurable health conditions. Precision oncology is an emerging field explicitly tailored to facilitate cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment based on patients' genetic profile. Advancements in "omics" techniques, next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence and clinical trial designs provide a platform for assessing the efficacy and safety of combination therapies and diagnostic procedures. METHOD Data were collected from Pubmed and Google scholar using keywords: "Precision medicine", "precision medicine and cancer", "anticancer agents in precision medicine" and reviewed comprehensively. RESULTS Personalized therapeutics including immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, serve as a groundbreaking solution for cancer treatment. Herein, we take a measurable view of precision therapies and novel diagnostic approaches targeting cancer treatment. The contemporary applications of precision medicine have also been described along with various hurdles identified in the successful establishment of precision therapeutics. CONCLUSION This review highlights the key breakthroughs related to immunotherapies, targeted anticancer agents, and target interventions related to cancer signaling mechanisms. The success story of this field in context to drug resistance, safety, patient survival and in improving quality of life is yet to be elucidated. We conclude that, in the near future, the field of individualized treatments may truly revolutionize the nature of cancer patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Smita Kumari
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042. India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang H, Gao F, McNeil B, Zhang C, Yuan Z, Zeisler S, Kumlin J, Zeisler J, Bénard F, Ramogida C, Schaffer P. Synthesis of DOTA-pyridine chelates for 64Cu coordination and radiolabeling of αMSH peptide. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2021; 6:3. [PMID: 33438075 PMCID: PMC7803858 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 64Cu is one of the few radioisotopes that can be used for both imaging and therapy, enabling theranostics with identical chemical composition. Development of stable chelators is essential to harness the potential of this isotope, challenged by the presence of endogenous copper chelators. Pyridyl type chelators show good coordination ability with copper, prompting the present study of a series of chelates DOTA-xPy (x = 1–4) that sequentially substitute carboxyl moieties with pyridyl moieties on a DOTA backbone. Results We found that the presence of pyridyl groups significantly increases 64Cu labeling conversion yield, with DOTA-2Py, −3Py and -4Py quantitatively complexing 64Cu at room temperature within 5 min (1 × 10− 4 M). [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-xPy (x = 2–4) exhibited good stability in human serum up to 24 h. When challenged with 1000 eq. of NOTA, no transmetallation was observed for all three 64Cu complexes. DOTA-xPy (x = 1–3) were conjugated to a cyclized α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) peptide by using one of the pendant carboxyl groups as a bifunctional handle. [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-xPy-αMSH retained good serum stability (> 96% in 24 h) and showed high binding affinity (Ki = 2.1–3.7 nM) towards the melanocortin 1 receptor. Conclusion DOTA-xPy (x = 1–3) are promising chelators for 64Cu. Further in vivo evaluation is necessary to assess the full potential of these chelators as a tool to enable further theranostic radiopharmaceutical development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41181-020-00119-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Feng Gao
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Brooke McNeil
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Zheliang Yuan
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Stefan Zeisler
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Joel Kumlin
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Jutta Zeisler
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Caterina Ramogida
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada. .,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel St, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun Z, Qiu Z, Ma B, Wang Z. Encorafenib enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells dependent on p53/PUMA signaling. Cytotechnology 2020; 73:63-70. [PMID: 33505114 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-020-00442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
TRAIL has been demonstrated to play a critical role in the apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, but drug resistance markedly restricts its therapeutic effects. Objectives: This study aims to investigate whether encorafenib can enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis of colorectal cancer cells and the underlying mechanism. TRAIL was first used to induce CRC cells. CCK-8 assays were conducted for detecting cell viability of TRAIL-induced CRC cells with encorafenib treatment. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell apoptosis of CRC cells and western blot was used to measure the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins. The expressions of DR4, DR5, p53, and PUMA were then evaluated by qPCR and western blot. After transfecting the interference plasmid of p53 into CRC cells, the expressions of PUMA and DR5 were further explored. TRAIL reduced the cell viability of CRC cells, and the inhibition was further reinforced under co-treatment of TRAIL and encorafenib. Encorafenib also triggered the promotion of CRC cell apoptosis induced by TRAIL. It was also found that encorafenib exerted its promoting effects on cell apoptosis of CRC cells via the elevation of DR5. Besides, encorafenib administration promoted the expression levels of p53 and PUMA in TRAIL-induced CRC cells. Furthermore, p53 knockdown attenuated the expression of PUMA and DR5 in TRAIL-induced CRC cells treated with encorafenib. This study indicates that encorafenib stimulates TRAIL-induced apoptosis of CRC cells dependent on p53/PUMA signaling, which may provide instructions for the treatment of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, N0.59, Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100 Shandong China
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, N0.59, Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100 Shandong China
| | - Bin Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266100 Shandong China
| | - Zhengkun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, N0.59, Haier Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266100 Shandong China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Mazurkiewicz J, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. The Influence of Tumor Microenvironment on Immune Escape of Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8359. [PMID: 33171792 PMCID: PMC7664679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The low efficiency of currently-used anti-cancer therapies poses a serious challenge, especially in the case of malignant melanoma, a cancer characterized by elevated invasiveness and relatively high mortality rate. The role of the tumor microenvironment in the progression of melanoma and its acquisition of resistance to treatment seems to be the main focus of recent studies. One of the factors that, in normal conditions, aids the organism in its fight against the cancer and, following the malignant transformation, adapts to facilitate the development of the tumor is the immune system. A variety of cell types, i.e., T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic and natural killer cells, as well as neutrophils, support the growth and invasiveness of melanoma cells, utilizing a plethora of mechanisms, including secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules, induction of inhibitory receptors expression, or depletion of essential nutrients. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the processes regulated by tumor-associated cells that promote the immune escape of melanoma cells. The described mechanisms offer potential new targets for anti-cancer treatment and should be further studied to improve currently-employed therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.D.); (J.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.D.); (J.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Justyna Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.D.); (J.M.); (D.N.)
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.D.); (J.M.); (D.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wan Y, Long J, Gao H, Tang Z. 2-Aminothiazole: A privileged scaffold for the discovery of anti-cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112953. [PMID: 33148490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been the second heath killer being next only to cardiovascular diseases in human society. Although many efforts have been taken for cancer therapy and many achievements have been yielded in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the current first-line anti-cancer agents are insufficient owing to the emergence of multi-drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new anti-cancer agents with high activity and low toxicity. 2-Aminothiazole is a class of important scaffold which widely distributes in many natural and synthetic compounds with many pharmacological effects including the potential anti-cancer activity. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of 2-aminothiazole as a privileged scaffold for the discovery of anti-cancer agents based on biological targets, such as tubulin protein, histone acetylase/histone deacetylase (HAT/HDAC), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks), Src/Abl kinase, BRAF kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase and sphingosine kinase (SphK), and also investigated the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of most compounds. It is believed that this review could be helpful for medicinal chemists in the discovery of more anti-cancer agents bearing 2-aminothiazole scaffold with excellent activity and high therapeutic index.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wan
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China.
| | - Jiabing Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
| | - Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule, Ministry of Education, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, Hunan Provincial Key Lab of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411201, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang Y, Wang D, Cui L, Ma HH, Zhang L, Lian HY, Zhang Q, Zhao XX, Zhang LP, Zhao YZ, Li N, Wang TY, Li ZG, Zhang R. Effectiveness and Safety of Dabrafenib in the Treatment of 20 Chinese Children with BRAFV600E-Mutated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 53:261-269. [PMID: 32972045 PMCID: PMC7812025 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2020.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We sought to investigate the effectiveness and safety of dabrafenib in children with BRAFV600E-mutated Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 20 children with BRAFV600E-mutated LCH who were treated with dabrafenib. Results The median age at which the patients started taking dabrafenib was 2.3 years old (range, 0.6 to 6.5 years). The ratio of boys to girls was 2.3:1. The median follow-up time was 30.8 months (range, 18.9 to 43.6 months). There were 14 patients (70%) in the risk organ (RO)+ group and six patients (30%) in the RO− group. All patients were initially treated with traditional chemotherapy and then shifted to targeted therapy due to poor control of LCH or intolerance to chemotherapy. The overall objective response rate and the overall disease control rate were 65% and 75%, respectively. During treatment, circulating levels of cell-free BRAFV600E (cfBRAFV600E) became negative in 60% of the patients within a median period of 3.0 months (range, 1.0 to 9.0 months). Grade 2 or 3 adverse effects occurred in five patients. Conclusion Some children with BRAFV600E-mutated LCH may benefit from monotherapy with dabrafenib, especially high-risk patients with concomitant hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and intolerance to chemotherapy. The safety of dabrafenib is notable. A prospective study with a larger sample size is required to determine the optimal dosage and treatment duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Hematologic Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Hao Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yun Lian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Laboratory of Hematologic Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Ze Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Hematologic Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-You Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Li
- Laboratory of Hematologic Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology Oncology; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang H, Zhang C, Yuan Z, Rodriguez-Rodriguez C, Robertson A, Radchenko V, Perron R, Gendron D, Causey P, Gao F, Bénard F, Schaffer P. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Macrocyclic Actinium-225 Chelator, Quality Control and In Vivo Evaluation of 225 Ac-crown-αMSH Peptide. Chemistry 2020; 26:11435-11440. [PMID: 32588455 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Targeted alpha-therapy (TAT) has great potential for treating a broad range of late-stage cancers by delivering a focused and lethal radiation dose to tumors. Actinium-225 (225 Ac) is an emerging alpha emitter suitable for TAT; however, the availability of chelators for Ac remains limited to a small number of examples (DOTA and macropa). Herein, we report a new Ac macrocyclic chelator named 'crown', which binds quantitatively and rapidly (<10 min) to Ac at ambient temperature. We synthesized 225 Ac-crown-αMSH, a peptide targeting the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), specifically expressed in primary and metastatic melanoma. Biodistribution of 225 Ac-crown-αMSH showed favorable tumor-to-background ratios at 2 h post injection in a preclinical model. In addition, we demonstrated dramatically different biodistrubution patterns of 225 Ac-crown-αMSH when subjected to different latency times before injection. A combined quality control methodology involving HPLC, gamma spectroscopy and radioTLC is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | | | - Zheliang Yuan
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for, Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P.R. China
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy and Centre for Comparative, Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1W5, Canada
| | | | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Randy Perron
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Denise Gendron
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Patrick Causey
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Feng Gao
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - François Bénard
- BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Paul Schaffer
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada.,Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Patel RR, Ramkissoon SH, Ross J, Weintraub L. Tumor mutational burden and driver mutations: Characterizing the genomic landscape of pediatric brain tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28338. [PMID: 32386112 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor mutational burden (TMB) and driver mutations are potential biomarkers to guide targeted therapy selection. Malignant gliomas with high TMB in children may preferentially benefit from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs). Higher TMB may relate to lower incidence of driver mutations, but this relationship has not been studied in pediatric brain tumors. PROCEDURE Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on 723 pediatric (≤21 years) brain tumor samples using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. TMB was calculated as mutations per megabase and categorized as low (0-6), intermediate (6-20), or high (>20). Analysis included 80 clinically relevant driver mutations; genomic alterations known to confer a selective growth advantage. RESULTS Of 723 brain tumors, TMB was low in 91.8%, intermediate in 6.1%, and high in 2.1%. In the high TMB cohort, 93% of tumors harbored a driver mutation; 70% and 63% in the intermediate and low TMB cohorts, respectively (P < 0.05). However, when excluding tumor suppressor genes, high TMB tumors had a decreased incidence of driver mutations (P < 0.001). BRAF alterations were not identified in high TMB tumors, but were enriched in low TMB tumors (P < 0.01). Conversely, there was an association between high TMB tumors and TP53 mutations (P < 10-13 ). Of the 15 tumors with high TMB, 14 were high-grade gliomas and 13 had alterations in TP53. Three homozygous mismatch repair deletions identified were associated with a higher TMB (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Specific driver mutations appear to have a relationship with TMB. These represent populations in which ICPIs may be more or less effective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshal R Patel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Albany Medical College, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Morrisville, North Carolina.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Jeffrey Ross
- Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Foundation Medicine, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren Weintraub
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Grolmusz VK, Chen J, Emond R, Cosgrove PA, Pflieger L, Nath A, Moos PJ, Bild AH. Exploiting collateral sensitivity controls growth of mixed culture of sensitive and resistant cells and decreases selection for resistant cells in a cell line model. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:253. [PMID: 32565737 PMCID: PMC7301982 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CDK4/6 inhibitors such as ribociclib are becoming widely used targeted therapies in hormone-receptor-positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer. However, cancers can advance due to drug resistance, a problem in which tumor heterogeneity and evolution are key features. Methods Ribociclib-resistant HR+/HER2- CAMA-1 breast cancer cells were generated through long-term ribociclib treatment. Characterization of sensitive and resistant cells were performed using RNA sequencing and whole exome sequencing. Lentiviral labeling with different fluorescent proteins enabled us to track the proliferation of sensitive and resistant cells under different treatments in a heterogeneous, 3D spheroid coculture system using imaging microscopy and flow cytometry. Results Transcriptional profiling of sensitive and resistant cells revealed the downregulation of the G2/M checkpoint in the resistant cells. Exploiting this acquired vulnerability; resistant cells exhibited collateral sensitivity for the Wee-1 inhibitor, adavosertib (AZD1775). The combination of ribociclib and adavosertib achieved additional antiproliferative effect exclusively in the cocultures compared to monocultures, while decreasing the selection for resistant cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that optimal antiproliferative effects in heterogeneous cancers can be achieved via an integrative therapeutic approach targeting sensitive and resistant cancer cell populations within a tumor, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vince Kornél Grolmusz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA
| | - Jinfeng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA
| | - Rena Emond
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA
| | - Patrick A Cosgrove
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA
| | - Lance Pflieger
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA
| | - Aritro Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, 30 S 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Andrea H Bild
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1218 S Fifth Ave, Monrovia, CA 91016 USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
VCAM-1 Upregulation Contributes to Insensitivity of Vemurafenib in BRAF-Mutant Thyroid Cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:441-451. [PMID: 31911278 PMCID: PMC6948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vemurafenib, an inhibitor of mutant BRAF activity, is a promising anticancer agent for patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma. However, it is less effective in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer, and the reason for this discrepancy is not yet fully elucidated. By RNA sequencing analysis, we identified vascular cell adhesion molecular-1 (VCAM-1) to be highly upregulated in both time- and dose-dependent manners during BRAF inhibition (BRAFi) in a BRAF-mutant papillary thyroid cancer cell line (BCPAP). Cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays showed that knockdown of the induced VCAM-1 in BCPAP cells augmented the antitumor effects of vemurafenib, with decreased IC50 values of 1.4 to 0.8 μM. Meanwhile, overexpression of VCAM-1 in a BRAF-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer cell line (FRO) reduced the sensitivity to vemurafenib, with increased IC50 values of 1.9 to 5.8 μM. Further investigation showed that PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway was activated during BRAFi. Co-treatment with Akt signaling inhibitor MK2206 decreased the induced expression of VCAM-1 during BRAFi. This combination further improved the efficacy of vemurafenib. Moreover, VCAM-1 promoted migration and invasion in thyroid cancer cells in vitro, which was also indicated in thyroid cancer patients. The present study is the first to demonstrate that VCAM-1 is upregulated in thyroid cancer cells treated with vemurafenib and contributes to vemurafenib resistance in BRAF-mutant thyroid cancer cells. Targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway–mediated VCAM-1 response may be an alternative strategy to sensitize BRAF-mutant thyroid cancers to vemurafenib.
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
BRAF Inhibitors in Thyroid Cancer: Clinical Impact, Mechanisms of Resistance and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091388. [PMID: 31540406 PMCID: PMC6770736 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS)/v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (RAF)/mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK) signaling cascade is the most important oncogenic pathway in human cancers. Tumors leading mutations in the gene encoding for v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) serine-threonine kinase are reliant on the MAPK signaling pathway for their growth and survival. Indeed, the constitutive activation of MAPK pathway results in continuous stimulation of cell proliferation, enhancement of the apoptotic threshold and induction of a migratory and metastatic phenotype. In a clinical perspective, this scenario opens to the possibility of targeting BRAF pathway for therapy. Thyroid carcinomas (TCs) bearing BRAF mutations represent approximately 29–83% of human thyroid malignancies and, differently from melanomas, are less sensitive to BRAF inhibitors and develop primary or acquired resistance due to mutational events or activation of alternative signaling pathways able to reactivate ERK signaling. In this review, we provide an overview on the current knowledge concerning the mechanisms leading to resistance to BRAF inhibitors in human thyroid carcinomas and discuss the potential therapeutic strategies, including combinations of BRAF inhibitors with other targeted agents, which might be employed to overcome drug resistance and potentiate the activity of single agent BRAF inhibitors.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Encorafenib (Braftovi™), a BRAF inhibitor, and binimetinib (Mektovi®), a MEK inhibitor, are two orally bioavailable drugs developed by Array BioPharma. In June 2018 they each received their first global approval, in the USA, for use in combination, for patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma with a BRAFV600E or -V600K mutation as detected by an FDA-approved test. Registration applications for encorafenib and binimetinib for use in combination in the treatment of BRAF-mutation-positive advanced melanoma have also been submitted in the EU, Australia, Switzerland and Japan, with the EMA Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use adopting a positive opinion in July 2018 towards granting the drugs marketing authorizations in the EU. Encorafenib plus binimetinib combination therapy is also in ongoing phase III clinical development in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of encorafenib and binimetinib leading to these first approvals for the treatment of BRAFV600E or -V600K-mutation-positive unresectable or metastatic melanoma.
Collapse
|
33
|
Chelate-soluble pectin fraction from papaya pulp interacts with galectin-3 and inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 126:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
34
|
Ali EMH, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Oh CH. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a promising scaffold in medicinal chemistry: Recent advances. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1159-1194. [PMID: 30826188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyrimidine scaffold is a fused heterocyclic ring system that structurally can be considered as adenine, the purine base that is found in both DNA and RNA-bioisosteres. Thienopyrimidines exist in three distinct isomeric forms. The current review discusses thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a one of the opulent heterocycles in drug discovery. Its broad range of medical applications such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and CNS protective agents has inspired us to study its structure-activity relationship (SAR), along with its relevant synthetic strategies. The present review briefly summarizes synthetic approaches for the preparation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. In addition, the promising biological activities of this scaffold are also illustrated with explanatory diagrams for their SAR studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M H Ali
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Moujaber T, Etemadmoghadam D, Kennedy CJ, Chiew YE, Balleine RL, Saunders C, Wain GV, Gao B, Hogg R, Srirangan S, Kan C, Fereday S, Traficante N, Patch AM, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Grimmond SM, Dobrovic A, Bowtell DD, Harnett PR, deFazio A. BRAF Mutations in Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer and Response to BRAF Inhibition. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2:1-14. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSC) responds poorly to chemotherapy and is characterized by activating mutations in the Ras sarcoma–mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS-MAPK) pathway, including oncogenic BRAF. However, response to BRAF inhibitors is tumor-type specific. Significant improvement in survival is seen in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma, but other cancer types, such as colorectal cancers, are generally less sensitive. We examined the frequency and characteristics of BRAF-mutated LGSC and described the response to treatment with BRAF inhibitors. Patients and Methods Mutations were assessed in LGSC (N = 65) by using targeted, exome, and whole-genome sequencing. Patient characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcome were assessed, and the median follow-up time was more than 5 years. BRAF inhibitors were trialed in two patients with a somatic BRAF V600E mutation: one patient received dabrafenib monotherapy and was monitored clinically, biochemically (cancer antigen [CA]-125 levels), and with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Expression of the BRAF V600E protein in this patient was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results Among patients with LGSC, nine (13.8%) of 65 had a somatic BRAF mutation. Of the nine patients with BRAF mutation–positive LGSC, four experienced progressive disease that did not respond to conventional chemotherapy. Two of the patients experienced progression quickly and died as a result of disease progression, and two received targeted treatment. Two patients with BRAF V600E mutation received BRAF inhibitors at relapse and both achieved durable responses. Conclusion BRAF mutations are not uncommon in patients with LGSC and should be routinely tested, because BRAF inhibitors can be an effective treatment for these patients. The results highlight the need for targeted treatment in this rare tumor type, and a prospective study is needed to formally assess the response rate and clinical benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Moujaber
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Dariush Etemadmoghadam
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Catherine J. Kennedy
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Yoke-Eng Chiew
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Rosemary L. Balleine
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Catherine Saunders
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Gerard V. Wain
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Bo Gao
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Russell Hogg
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Sivatharsny Srirangan
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Casina Kan
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Sian Fereday
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - John V. Pearson
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Nicola Waddell
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Sean M. Grimmond
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Alexander Dobrovic
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - David D.L. Bowtell
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Paul R. Harnett
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | - Anna deFazio
- Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Bo Gao, Sivatharsny Srirangan, Casina Kan, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna deFazio, Westmead Institute for Medical Research; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Russell Hogg, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna DeFazio, University of Sydney; Tania Moujaber, Catherine J. Kennedy, Yoke-Eng Chiew, Rosemary L. Balleine, Catherine Saunders, Gerard V. Wain, Bo Gao, Paul R. Harnett, and Anna
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Mulcahy Levy
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Martin McMahon
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang R, He Y, Robinson V, Yang Z, Hessler P, Lasko LM, Lu X, Bhathena A, Lai A, Uziel T, Lam LT. Targeting Lineage-specific MITF Pathway in Human Melanoma Cell Lines by A-485, the Selective Small-molecule Inhibitor of p300/CBP. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:2543-2550. [PMID: 30266801 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is responsible for approximately 80% of deaths from skin cancer. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a melanocyte-specific transcription factor that plays an important role in the differentiation, proliferation, and survival of melanocytes as well as in melanoma oncogenesis. MITF is amplified in approximately 15% of patients with metastatic melanoma. However, no small-molecule inhibitors of MITF currently exist. MITF was shown to associate with p300/CBP, members of the KAT3 family of histone acetyltransferase. p300 and CREB-binding protein (p300/CBP) regulate a wide range of cellular events such as senescence, apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage response, and cellular differentiation. p300/CBP act as transcriptional coactivators for multiple proteins in cancers, including oncogenic transcription factors such as MITF. In this study, we showed that our novel p300/CBP catalytic inhibitor, A-485, induces senescence in multiple melanoma cell lines, similar to silencing expression of EP300 (encodes p300) or MITF We did not observe apoptosis and increase invasiveness upon A-485 treatment. A-485 regulates the expression of MITF and its downstream signature genes in melanoma cell lines undergoing senescence. In addition, expression and copy number of MITF is significantly higher in melanoma cell lines that undergo A-485-induced senescence than resistant cell lines. Finally, we showed that A-485 inhibits histone-H3 acetylation but did not displace p300 at promoters of MITF and its putative downstream genes. Taken together, we provide evidence that p300/CBP inhibition suppressed the melanoma-driven transcription factor, MITF, and could be further exploited as a potential therapy for treating melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yupeng He
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ziping Yang
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul Hessler
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Xin Lu
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Albert Lai
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tamar Uziel
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lloyd T Lam
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Manolis AA, Manolis TA, Mikhailidis DP, Manolis AS. Cardiovascular safety of oncologic agents: a double-edged sword even in the era of targeted therapies - Part 2. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2018; 17:893-915. [PMID: 30126303 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2018.1513489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with cancer are subject to the cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapy. Improved cancer treatments lead to more cancer-survivors, who though are exposed to various forms of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) as they age. Aging patients are at increased risk of developing both malignancy and CVD or they may have survived some form of CVD as a result of effective CV treatments. Furthermore, patients with CVD may develop cancer and require treatment (and vice versa), all contributing to increased morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of both malignancy and CVD will increase due to the trend toward a longer lifespan. AREAS COVERED In part 2 of this review, the discussion of the CV effects of specific oncology drugs is completed with inclusion of additional immunological agents, current hormonal and other agents. Early detection and monitoring of cardiotoxicity, use of biomarkers and other imaging and diagnostic methods and prevention and treatment options are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION As outlined in part 1 of this review, oncologists need to be aware of the CV adverse-effects of their treatments and make careful and expectant clinical decisions, especially in patients with preexisting CVD or CV risk factors. Similarly, cardiologists should consider a detailed previous history of treatment for malignant disease, including prior chemotherapy exposure, dose(s) received, and/or combined modality therapy with chest radiotherapy. Both specialists should collaborate in order to minimize the impact of these two ubiquitous diseases (cancer and CVD) and mitigate the adverse effects of treatment modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- c Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School , London , UK
| | - Antonis S Manolis
- d Third Department of Cardiology , Athens University School of Medicine , Athens , Greece
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Notarangelo T, Sisinni L, Trino S, Calice G, Simeon V, Landriscina M. IL6/STAT3 axis mediates resistance to BRAF inhibitors in thyroid carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:147-155. [PMID: 29969659 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid carcinomas (TCs) bearing BRAF mutations represent approximately 26-53% of human thyroid malignancies and, differently from melanomas, are poorly sensitive to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), and develop acquired resistance through activation of alternative signaling pathways. A whole-genome gene expression analysis of TC BRAF V600E cells exposed to PLX4032 identified JAK/STAT among the most significantly modulated signaling pathways. Interestingly, both transient exposure and chronic adaptation to PLX4032 resulted in upregulation of IL6/STAT3 axis and this impaired the cytostatic activity of PLX4032. Mechanistically, exposure to PLX4032 enhanced IL6 secretion and this, in turn, was responsible for STAT3 upregulation, activation of ERK signaling and poor sensitivity to BRAF inhibition. Consistently, the dual blockade of STAT3 (by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition) or IL6 signaling (by the humanized anti-human IL6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab) and BRAF (by PLX4032) improved the inhibition of cell cycle progression compared to PLX4032 single agent. These data support the role of IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway in modulating TC cell response to PLX4032 and candidate IL6 targeting as a strategy to improve the activity of PLX4032 in BRAF V600E TC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Lorenza Sisinni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy; Medical Statistics Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
He J, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Ge S, Fan X. Targeted silencing of the ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 gene inhibits the migration ability of melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7053-7059. [PMID: 29725430 PMCID: PMC5920432 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy and metastasis of melanoma to other organs often results in a poor prognosis. ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (ART3) is involved in cell division and DNA repair. However, its biological function in melanoma remains unclear. In the present study, it was identified that ART3 is highly expressed in melanoma cells and melanoma tissues compared with the normal RPE cell line, and adjacent normal tissue, respectively. Small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA were used to silence ART3 gene expression, and the results revealed that the silencing of ART3 inhibits the migratory ability of melanoma cells. The present study indicates that ART3 serves a notable role in the metastasis of melanoma and provides a potential therapeutic target for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abraham J, Singh S, Joshi S. Liquid biopsy - emergence of a new era in personalized cancer care. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41241-018-0053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
42
|
18F-FDG-PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI for monitoring a BRAF and CDK 4/6 inhibitor combination therapy in a murine model of human melanoma. Cancer Imaging 2018; 18:2. [PMID: 29347968 PMCID: PMC5774089 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-018-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of the study was to investigate a novel BRAF and CDK 4/6 inhibitor combination therapy in a murine model of BRAF-V600-mutant human melanoma monitored by 18F–FDG-PET/CT and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI). Methods Human BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma (A375) xenograft-bearing balb/c nude mice (n = 21) were imaged by 18F–FDG-PET/CT and DW-MRI before (day 0) and after (day 7) a 1-week BRAF and CDK 4/6 inhibitor combination therapy (n = 12; dabrafenib, 20 mg/kg/d; ribociclib, 100 mg/kg/d) or placebo (n = 9). Animals were scanned on a small animal PET after intravenous administration of 20 MBq 18F–FDG. Tumor glucose uptake was calculated as the tumor-to-liver-ratio (TTL). Unenhanced CT data sets were subsequently acquired for anatomic coregistration. Tumor diffusivity was assessed by DW-MRI using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Anti-tumor therapy effects were assessed by ex vivo immunohistochemistry for validation purposes (microvascular density – CD31; tumor cell proliferation – Ki-67). Results Tumor glucose uptake was significantly suppressed under therapy (∆TTLTherapy − 1.00 ± 0.53 vs. ∆TTLControl 0.85 ± 1.21; p < 0.001). In addition, tumor diffusivity was significantly elevated following the BRAF and CDK 4/6 inhibitor combination therapy (∆ADCTherapy 0.12 ± 0.14 × 10−3 mm2/s; ∆ADCControl − 0.12 ± 0.06 × 10−3 mm2/s; p < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant suppression of microvascular density (CD31, 147 ± 48 vs. 287 ± 92; p = 0.001) and proliferation (Ki-67, 3718 ± 998 vs. 5389 ± 1332; p = 0.007) in the therapy compared to the control group. Conclusion A novel BRAF and CDK 4/6 inhibitor combination therapy exhibited significant anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative effects in experimental human melanomas, monitored by 18F–FDG-PET/CT and DW-MRI.
Collapse
|
43
|
Notarangelo T, Sisinni L, Condelli V, Landriscina M. Dual EGFR and BRAF blockade overcomes resistance to vemurafenib in BRAF mutated thyroid carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:86. [PMID: 29033690 PMCID: PMC5628448 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0457-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRAF inhibitors are effective anticancer agents in BRAF-mutated melanomas. By contrast, evidences about sensitivity of thyroid carcinomas to BRAF inhibition are conflicting and it has been proposed that BRAF V600E thyroid carcinoma cells are less sensitive to BRAF inhibitors due to activation of parallel signaling pathways. This study evaluated the hypothesis that feedback activation of EGFR signaling counteracts the cytostatic activity of vemurafenib (PLX4032) in BRAF V600E thyroid carcinoma cells. METHODS Cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, induction of apoptosis and EGFR and AKT signaling were evaluated in thyroid carcinoma cell lines bearing the BRAF V600E mutation in response to PLX4032. RESULTS A partial and transient cytostatic response to PLX4032 was observed in thyroid carcinoma cell lines bearing the BRAF V600E mutation, with lack of full inhibition of ERK pathway. Interestingly, the exposure of thyroid carcinoma cells to PLX4032 resulted in a rapid feedback activation of EGFR signaling with parallel activation of AKT phosphorylation. Consistently, the dual inhibition of EGFR and BRAF, through combination therapy with PLX4032 and gefitinib, resulted in prevention of EGFR phosphorylation and sustained inhibition of ERK and AKT signaling and cell proliferation. Of note, the combined treatment with gefitinib and vemurafenib or the exposure of EGFR-silenced thyroid carcinoma cells to vemurafenib induced synthetic lethality compared to single agents. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the dual EGFR and BRAF blockade represents a strategy to by-pass resistance to BRAF inhibitors in thyroid carcinoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Via Padre Pio, 1, Rionero in Vulture, 85028 Italy
| | - Lorenza Sisinni
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Via Padre Pio, 1, Rionero in Vulture, 85028 Italy
| | - Valentina Condelli
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Via Padre Pio, 1, Rionero in Vulture, 85028 Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Via Padre Pio, 1, Rionero in Vulture, 85028 Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Viale Pinto, 1, Foggia, 71100 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Current Development Status of MEK Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101551. [PMID: 28954413 PMCID: PMC6151813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The current development status of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors, including the preclinical data and clinical study progress, has been summarized in this review. Different MEK inhibitors, possessing specific physicochemical properties and bioactivity characteristics, may provide different options for patients seeking treatment for cancer. Moreover, the combination of the MEK inhibitors with other therapies-such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy-may be a promising approach for clinical use.
Collapse
|
45
|
Audrito V, Serra S, Stingi A, Orso F, Gaudino F, Bologna C, Neri F, Garaffo G, Nassini R, Baroni G, Rulli E, Massi D, Oliviero S, Piva R, Taverna D, Mandalà M, Deaglio S. PD-L1 up-regulation in melanoma increases disease aggressiveness and is mediated through miR-17-5p. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15894-15911. [PMID: 28199980 PMCID: PMC5362532 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is expressed by a subset of patients with metastatic melanoma (MM) with an unfavorable outcome. Its expression is increased in cells resistant to BRAF or MEK inhibitors (BRAFi or MEKi). However, the function and regulation of expression of PD-L1 remain incompletely understood. After generating BRAFi- and MEKi-resistant cell lines, we observed marked up-regulation of PD-L1 expression. These cells were characterized by a common gene expression profile with up-regulation of genes involved in cell movement. Consistently, in vitro they showed significantly increased invasive properties. This phenotype was controlled in part by PD-L1, as determined after silencing the molecule. Up-regulation of PD-L1 was due to post-transcriptional events controlled by miR-17-5p, which showed an inverse correlation with PD-L1 mRNA. Direct binding between miR-17-5p and the 3’-UTR of PD-L1 mRNA was demonstrated using luciferase reporter assays. In a cohort of 80 BRAF-mutated MM patients treated with BRAFi or MEKi, constitutive expression of PD-L1 in the absence of immune infiltrate, defined the patient subset with the worst prognosis. Furthermore, PD-L1 expression increased in tissue biopsies after the metastatic lesions became resistant to BRAFi or MEKi. Lastly, plasmatic miR-17-5p levels were higher in patients with PD-L1+ than PD-L1- lesions. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PD-L1 expression induces a more aggressive behavior in melanoma cells. We also show that PD-L1 up-regulation in BRAFi or MEKi-resistant cells is partly due to post-transcriptional mechanisms that involve miR-17-5p, suggesting that miR-17-5p may be used as a marker of PD-L1 expression by metastatic lesions and ultimately a predictor of responses to BRAFi or MEKi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Audrito
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Serra
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Aureliano Stingi
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Orso
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Gaudino
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cinzia Bologna
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Garaffo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Romina Nassini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Gianna Baroni
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Eliana Rulli
- Methodology for Clinical Research Laboratory, IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Massi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy.,Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Piva
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Taverna
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mario Mandalà
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rapid identification and validation of novel targeted approaches for Glioblastoma: A combined ex vivo-in vivo pharmaco-omic model. Exp Neurol 2017; 299:281-288. [PMID: 28923369 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is a major factor in glioblastoma's poor response to therapy and seemingly inevitable recurrence. Only two glioblastoma drugs have received Food and Drug Administration approval since 1998, highlighting the urgent need for new therapies. Profiling "omics" analyses have helped characterize glioblastoma molecularly and have thus identified multiple molecular targets for precision medicine. These molecular targets have influenced clinical trial design; many "actionable" mutation-focused trials are underway, but because they have not yet led to therapeutic breakthroughs, new strategies for treating glioblastoma, especially those with a pharmacological functional component, remain in high demand. In that regard, high-throughput screening that allows for expedited preclinical drug testing and the use of GBM models that represent tumor heterogeneity more accurately than traditional cancer cell lines is necessary to maximize the successful translation of agents into the clinic. High-throughput screening has been successfully used in the testing, discovery, and validation of potential therapeutics in various cancer models, but it has not been extensively utilized in glioblastoma models. In this report, we describe the basic aspects of high-throughput screening and propose a modified high-throughput screening model in which ex vivo and in vivo drug testing is complemented by post-screening pharmacological, pan-omic analysis to expedite anti-glioma drugs' preclinical testing and develop predictive biomarker datasets that can aid in personalizing glioblastoma therapy and inform clinical trial design.
Collapse
|
47
|
Azimi A, Tuominen R, Costa Svedman F, Caramuta S, Pernemalm M, Frostvik Stolt M, Kanter L, Kharaziha P, Lehtiö J, Hertzman Johansson C, Höiom V, Hansson J, Egyhazi Brage S. Silencing FLI or targeting CD13/ANPEP lead to dephosphorylation of EPHA2, a mediator of BRAF inhibitor resistance, and induce growth arrest or apoptosis in melanoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3029. [PMID: 29048432 PMCID: PMC5596587 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A majority of patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma respond to therapy with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), but relapses are common owing to acquired resistance. To unravel BRAFi resistance mechanisms we have performed gene expression and mass spectrometry based proteome profiling of the sensitive parental A375 BRAF V600E-mutated human melanoma cell line and of daughter cell lines with induced BRAFi resistance. Increased expression of two novel resistance candidates, aminopeptidase-N (CD13/ANPEP) and ETS transcription factor FLI1 was observed in the BRAFi-resistant daughter cell lines. In addition, increased levels of the previously reported resistance mediators, receptor tyrosine kinase ephrine receptor A2 (EPHA2) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET were also identified. The expression of these proteins was assessed in matched tumor samples from melanoma patients obtained before BRAFi and after disease progression. MET was overexpressed in all progression samples while the expression of the other candidates varied between the individual patients. Targeting CD13/ANPEP by a blocking antibody induced apoptosis in both parental A375- and BRAFi-resistant daughter cells as well as in melanoma cells with intrinsic BRAFi resistance and led to dephosphorylation of EPHA2 on S897, previously demonstrated to cause inhibition of the migratory capacity. AKT and RSK, both reported to induce EPHA2 S897 phosphorylation, were also dephosphorylated after inhibition of CD13/ANPEP. FLI1 silencing also caused decreases in EPHA2 S897 phosphorylation and in total MET protein expression. In addition, silencing of FLI1 sensitized the resistant cells to BRAFi. Furthermore, we show that BRAFi in combination with the multi kinase inhibitor dasatinib can abrogate BRAFi resistance and decrease both EPHA2 S897 phosphorylation and total FLI1 protein expression. This is the first report presenting CD13/ANPEP and FLI1 as important mediators of resistance to BRAF inhibition with potential as drug targets in BRAFi refractory melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azimi
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Tuominen
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernanda Costa Svedman
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Caramuta
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marianne Frostvik Stolt
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena Kanter
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pedram Kharaziha
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Veronica Höiom
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hansson
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Suzanne Egyhazi Brage
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shah A, Delgado-Goni T, Casals Galobart T, Wantuch S, Jamin Y, Leach MO, Robinson SP, Bamber J, Beloueche-Babari M. Detecting human melanoma cell re-differentiation following BRAF or heat shock protein 90 inhibition using photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8215. [PMID: 28811486 PMCID: PMC5557970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies specific to the BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway have shown great promise in the treatment of malignant melanoma in the last few years, with these drugs now commonly used in clinic. Melanoma cells treated using these agents are known to exhibit increased levels of melanin pigment and tyrosinase activity. In this study we assessed the potential of non-invasive imaging approaches (photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) to detect melanin induction in SKMEL28 human melanoma cells, following inhibition of Hsp90 and BRAF signaling using 17-AAG and vemurafenib, respectively. We confirmed, using western blot and spectrophotometry, that Hsp90 or BRAF inhibitor-induced melanoma cell differentiation resulted in an upregulation of tyrosinase and melanin expression levels, in comparison to control cells. This post-treatment increase in cellular pigmentation induced a significant increase in PAI signals that are spectrally identifiable and shortening of the MRI relaxation times T 1 and [Formula: see text]. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of MRI and PAI for detecting the downstream cellular changes induced by Hsp90 and BRAF-MEK-targeted therapies in melanoma cells with potential significance for in vivo imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anant Shah
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
- Joint Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Delgado-Goni
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Casals Galobart
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Slawomir Wantuch
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Yann Jamin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin O Leach
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P Robinson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Bamber
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
- Joint Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Mounia Beloueche-Babari
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
刘 亮, 黄 劲, 邱 大. KRAS/BRAF基因与结肠癌糖代谢研究现状. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2045-2050. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i22.2045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
正电子发射断层成像术(positron emission tomography, PET)/计算机断层扫描(computed tomography, CT)显像可用于结肠癌的诊断、监测疗效和预后评估. 18F标记葡萄糖(2-fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deeoxy-D-glucose, 18F-FDG)是PET/CT常用显像剂, 可以反映结肠癌活体组织葡萄糖代谢. KRAS/BRAF基因检测常用于结肠癌靶向治疗方案的选择及评估其治疗效果. 文献报道18F-FDG-PET/CT显像可预测结肠癌KRAS/BRAF基因状态, 能以无创的方式预测结肠癌抗表皮生长因子受体靶向治疗效果. 目前国内有关KRAS/BRAF基因与结肠癌糖代谢的研究相对较少, 本文结合近期的相关文献进行概述.
Collapse
|
50
|
Won DD, Lee JI, Lee IK, Oh ST, Jung ES, Lee SH. The prognostic significance of KRAS and BRAF mutation status in Korean colorectal cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:403. [PMID: 28583095 PMCID: PMC5460473 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRAF and KRAS mutations are well-established biomarkers in anti-EGFR therapy. However, the prognostic significance of these mutations is still being examined. We determined the prognostic value of BRAF and KRAS mutations in Korean colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods From July 2010 to September 2013, 1096 patients who underwent surgery for CRC at Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital were included in the analysis. Resected specimens were examined for BRAF, KRAS, and microsatellite instability (MSI) status. All data were reviewed retrospectively. Results Among 1096 patients, 401 (36.7%) had KRAS mutations and 44 (4.0%) had BRAF mutations. Of 83 patients, 77 (92.8%) had microsatellite stable (MSS) or MSI low (MSI-L) status while 6 (7.2%) patients had MSI high (MSI-H) status. Patients with BRAF mutation demonstrated a worse disease-free survival (DFS, HR 1.990, CI 1.080–3.660, P = 0.02) and overall survival (OS, HR 3.470, CI 1.900–6.330, P < 0.0001). Regarding KRAS status, no significant difference was noted in DFS (P = 0.0548) or OS (P = 0.107). Comparing the MSS/MSI-L and MSI-H groups there were no significant differences in either DFS (P = 0.294) or OS (P = 0.557). Conclusions BRAF mutation, rather than KRAS, was a significant prognostic factor in Korean CRC patients at both early and advanced stages. The subgroup analysis for MSI did not show significant differences in clinical outcome. BRAF should be included in future larger prospective biomarker studies on CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3381-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daeyoun David Won
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Im Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Oh
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hak Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|