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Ioachimescu OC. State of the art: Alternative overlap syndrome-asthma and obstructive sleep apnea. J Investig Med 2024; 72:589-619. [PMID: 38715213 DOI: 10.1177/10815589241249993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In the general population, Bronchial Asthma (BA) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are among the most prevalent chronic respiratory disorders. Significant epidemiologic connections and complex pathogenetic pathways link these disorders via complex interactions at genetic, epigenetic, and environmental levels. The coexistence of BA and OSA in an individual likely represents a distinct syndrome, that is, a collection of clinical manifestations attributable to several mechanisms and pathobiological signatures. To avoid terminological confusion, this association has been named alternative overlap syndrome (vs overlap syndrome represented by the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-OSA association). This comprehensive review summarizes the complex, often bidirectional links between the constituents of the alternative overlap syndrome. Cross-sectional, population, or clinic-based studies are unlikely to elucidate causality or directionality in these relationships. Even longitudinal epidemiological evaluations in BA cohorts developing over time OSA, or OSA cohorts developing BA during follow-up cannot exclude time factors or causal influence of other known or unknown mediators. As such, a lot of pathophysiological interactions described here have suggestive evidence, biological plausibility, potential or actual directionality. By showcasing existing evidence and current knowledge gaps, the hope is that deliberate, focused, and collaborative efforts in the near-future will be geared toward opportunities to shine light on the unknowns and accelerate discovery in this field of health, clinical care, education, research, and scholarly endeavors.
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Zhang L, Huang FY, Dai SZ, Wang L, Zhou X, Zheng ZY, Li Q, Tan GH, Wang CC. Rosuvastatin attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in a chronic allergic asthma model through modulation of the AMPKα signaling pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305863. [PMID: 38913666 PMCID: PMC11195969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of rosuvastatin in reducing allergic inflammation has been established. However, its potential to reduce airway remodeling has yet to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rosuvastatin in reducing airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma induced by sensitization and challenge with OVA. Histology of the lung tissue and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed a marked decrease in airway inflammation and remodeling in mice treated with rosuvastatin, as evidenced by a decrease in goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and smooth muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis-related factors, and OVA-specific IgE in BALF, plasma, and serum were all reduced upon treatment with rosuvastatin. Western blotting was employed to detect AMPK expression, while immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of remodeling signaling proteins such as α-SMA, TGF-β, MMP-9, and p-AMPKα in the lungs. It was found that the activity of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) was significantly lower in the lungs of OVA-induced asthmatic mice compared to Control mice. However, the administration of rosuvastatin increased the ratio of phosphorylated AMPK to total AMPKα, thus inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels, as indicated by CD31-positive staining mainly in the sub-epithelial region. These results indicate that rosuvastatin can effectively reduce airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with chronic allergic asthma caused by OVA, likely due to the reactivation of AMPKα and a decrease in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| | - Zhen-You Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| | - Guang-Hong Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Cai-Chun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
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Ioachimescu OC. Contribution of Obstructive Sleep Apnea to Asthmatic Airway Inflammation and Impact of Its Treatment on the Course of Asthma. Sleep Med Clin 2024; 19:261-274. [PMID: 38692751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Asthma and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are very common respiratory disorders in the general population. Beyond their high prevalence, shared risk factors, and genetic linkages, bidirectional relationships between asthma and OSA exist, each disorder affecting the other's presence and severity. The author reviews here some of the salient links between constituents of the alternative overlap syndrome, that is, OSA comorbid with asthma, with an emphasis on the effects of OSA or its treatment on inflammation in asthma. In the directional relationship from OSA toward asthma, beyond direct influences, multiple factors and comorbidities seem to contribute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavian C Ioachimescu
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Baglivo I, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Colantuono S, Menzella F, Selvaggio D, Carpagnano GE, Caruso C. The New Paradigm: The Role of Proteins and Triggers in the Evolution of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5747. [PMID: 38891935 PMCID: PMC11171572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barrier damage plays a central role in the development and maintenance of allergic inflammation. Rises in the epithelial barrier permeability of airways alter tissue homeostasis and allow the penetration of allergens and other external agents. Different factors contribute to barrier impairment, such as eosinophilic infiltration and allergen protease action-eosinophilic cationic proteins' effects and allergens' proteolytic activity both contribute significantly to epithelial damage. In the airways, allergen proteases degrade the epithelial junctional proteins, allowing allergen penetration and its uptake by dendritic cells. This increase in allergen-immune system interaction induces the release of alarmins and the activation of type 2 inflammatory pathways, causing or worsening the main symptoms at the skin, bowel, and respiratory levels. We aim to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying allergenic protease-induced epithelial barrier damage and the role of immune response in allergic asthma onset, maintenance, and progression. Moreover, we will explore potential clinical and radiological biomarkers of airway remodeling in allergic asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Baglivo
- Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CEMAD) Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Stefania Colantuono
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Menzella
- Pulmonology Unit, S. Valentino Hospital-AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - David Selvaggio
- UOS di Malattie dell’Apparato Respiratorio Ospedale Cristo Re, 00167 Roma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Section of Respiratory Disease, University “Aldo Moro” of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy (S.D.)
| | - Cristiano Caruso
- Unità Operativa Semplice Dipartimentale Day Hospital (UOSD DH) Medicina Interna e Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy
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5
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Ouyang X, Reihill JA, Douglas LEJ, Martin SL. Airborne indoor allergen serine proteases and their contribution to sensitisation and activation of innate immunity in allergic airway disease. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230126. [PMID: 38657996 PMCID: PMC11040391 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0126-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Common airborne allergens (pollen, animal dander and those from fungi and insects) are the main triggers of type I allergic disorder in the respiratory system and are associated with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, as well as immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These allergens promote IgE crosslinking, vasodilation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucosal barrier dysfunction, extracellular matrix deposition and smooth muscle spasm, which collectively cause remodelling of the airways. Fungus and insect (house dust mite and cockroaches) indoor allergens are particularly rich in proteases. Indeed, more than 40 different types of aeroallergen proteases, which have both IgE-neutralising and tissue-destructive activities, have been documented in the Allergen Nomenclature database. Of all the inhaled protease allergens, 85% are classed as serine protease activities and include trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and collagenolytic serine proteases. In this article, we review and compare the allergenicity and proteolytic effect of allergen serine proteases as listed in the Allergen Nomenclature and MEROPS databases and highlight their contribution to allergic sensitisation, disruption of the epithelial barrier and activation of innate immunity in allergic airways disease. The utility of small-molecule inhibitors of allergen serine proteases as a potential treatment strategy for allergic airways disease will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Qing K, Altes TA, Mugler JP, Tustison NJ, Mata JF, Ruppert K, Komlosi P, Feng X, Nie K, Zhao L, Wang Z, Hersman FW, Ruset IC, Liu B, Shim YM, Teague WG. Pulmonary MRI with hyperpolarized xenon-129 demonstrates novel alterations in gas transfer across the air-blood barrier in asthma. Med Phys 2024; 51:2413-2423. [PMID: 38431967 PMCID: PMC10994727 DOI: 10.1002/mp.17009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with asthma can vary widely in clinical presentation, severity, and pathobiology. Hyperpolarized xenon-129 (Xe129) MRI is a novel imaging method to provide 3-D mapping of both ventilation and gas exchange in the human lung. PURPOSE To evaluate the functional changes in adults with asthma as compared to healthy controls using Xe129 MRI. METHODS All subjects (20 controls and 20 asthmatics) underwent lung function measurements and Xe129 MRI on the same day. Outcome measures included the pulmonary ventilation defect and transfer of inspired Xe129 into two soluble compartments: tissue and blood. Ten asthmatics underwent Xe129 MRI before and after bronchodilator to test whether gas transfer measures change with bronchodilator effects. RESULTS Initial analysis of the results revealed striking differences in gas transfer measures based on age, hence we compared outcomes in younger (n = 24, ≤ 35 years) versus older (n = 16, > 45 years) asthmatics and controls. The younger asthmatics exhibited significantly lower Xe129 gas uptake by lung tissue (Asthmatic: 0.98% ± 0.24%, Control: 1.17% ± 0.12%, P = 0.035), and higher Xe129 gas transfer from tissue to the blood (Asthmatic: 0.40 ± 0.10, Control: 0.31% ± 0.03%, P = 0.035) than the younger controls. No significant difference in Xe129 gas transfer was observed in the older group between asthmatics and controls (P > 0.05). No significant change in Xe129 transfer was observed before and after bronchodilator treatment. CONCLUSIONS By using Xe129 MRI, we discovered heterogeneous alterations of gas transfer that have associations with age. This finding suggests a heretofore unrecognized physiological derangement in the gas/tissue/blood interface in young adults with asthma that deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Talissa A. Altes
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John P. Mugler
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Nicholas J. Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Jaime F. Mata
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Kai Ruppert
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter Komlosi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - Ke Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ZJ, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - F. William Hersman
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- Xemed LLC, Durham, NH, USA
| | | | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Y. Michael Shim
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA
| | - W. Gerald Teague
- Child Health Research Center and the Division of Respiratory Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Joulia R, Puttur F, Stölting H, Traves WJ, Entwistle LJ, Voitovich A, Garcia Martín M, Al-Sahaf M, Bonner K, Scotney E, Molyneaux PL, Hewitt RJ, Walker SA, Yates L, Saglani S, Lloyd CM. Mast cell activation disrupts interactions between endothelial cells and pericytes during early life allergic asthma. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173676. [PMID: 38487999 PMCID: PMC10940085 DOI: 10.1172/jci173676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma generally starts during early life and is linked to substantial tissue remodeling and lung dysfunction. Although angiogenesis is a feature of the disrupted airway, the impact of allergic asthma on the pulmonary microcirculation during early life is unknown. Here, using quantitative imaging in precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs), we report that exposure of neonatal mice to house dust mite (HDM) extract disrupts endothelial cell/pericyte interactions in adventitial areas. Central to the blood vessel structure, the loss of pericyte coverage was driven by mast cell (MC) proteases, such as tryptase, that can induce pericyte retraction and loss of the critical adhesion molecule N-cadherin. Furthermore, spatial transcriptomics of pediatric asthmatic endobronchial biopsies suggests intense vascular stress and remodeling linked with increased expression of MC activation pathways in regions enriched in blood vessels. These data provide previously unappreciated insights into the pathophysiology of allergic asthma with potential long-term vascular defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Joulia
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Franz Puttur
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Helen Stölting
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - William J. Traves
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Lewis J. Entwistle
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Anastasia Voitovich
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Minerva Garcia Martín
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - May Al-Sahaf
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Katie Bonner
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Scotney
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Philip L. Molyneaux
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Richard J. Hewitt
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Simone A. Walker
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Laura Yates
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
| | - Sejal Saglani
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Clare M. Lloyd
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (UK)
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Karaaslan A, Kurtul BE, Çakmak Aİ, El Ç. Investigation of the optic disc and retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography in children with asthma. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2023; 13:520-526. [PMID: 38249509 PMCID: PMC10798397 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-22-00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the optic disc and retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in asthmatic children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty asthmatic children (asthma group) and 30 control age- and sex-matched healthy controls (control group) were included in this cross-sectional study. The asthma group was then divided into two subgroups according to the presence of inhaled steroid use. Demographic findings were noted. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and vessel density in different sections of the retina and optic nerve head were analyzed by OCTA. RESULTS RNFL thickness for temporal quadrants and flow area for outer retina levels were significantly lower in the asthma group than the control group (72.58 ± 10.99 μm vs 77.73 ± 9.73μm, P = 0.015, and 0.60 ± 0.31mm2 vs. 0.72 ± 0.31mm2, P = 0.047, respectively). However, inside disc vascular densities were significantly higher in the asthma group when compared to controls (55.16% ± 3.71% vs. 52.08% ± 3.79%, P < 0.001). Inside disc vascular densities were also significantly higher, and RNFL thickness for temporal quadrants was significantly lower in the asthmatic patients without steroid use subgroup when compared to others (P < 0.001, P = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSION Lower values of temporal quadrant RNFL, and flow area for outer retina, but higher levels of inside disc vascular density seem to be associated with asthmatic children. OCTA findings in asthmatic children appear to be regardless of inhaled steroid use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bengi Ece Kurtul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tayfur Ata Sökmen Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ayşe İdil Çakmak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tayfur Ata Sökmen Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem El
- Department of Pediatrics, Tayfur Ata Sökmen Faculty of Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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Strulovici-Barel Y, Kaner RJ, Crystal RG. High apoptotic endothelial microparticle levels measured in asthma with elevated IgE and eosinophils. Respir Res 2023; 24:180. [PMID: 37420208 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While asthma is considered an inflammatory-mediated airway epithelial and smooth muscle disorder, there is increasing evidence of airway capillary endothelial dysfunction associated with vascular remodelling and angiogenesis in some individuals with this condition. The inflammation is typically characterized as type-2 high (eosinophilic) vs type 2-low (neutrophilic and pauci-granulocytic); we hypothesized that the type-2 high group would be more likely to evidence endothelial dysfunction. As a biomarker of these processes, we hypothesized that nonsmokers with allergic asthma may have elevated plasma levels of endothelial microparticles (EMPs), membrane vesicles that are shed when endothelial cells undergo activation or apoptosis. Total and apoptotic circulating EMPs were measured by fluorescence-activated cell analysis in patients with allergic asthma (n = 29) and control subjects (n = 26), all nonsmokers. When the entire group of patients with asthma were compared to the control subjects, there were no differences in total circulating EMPs nor apoptotic EMPs. However, patients with asthma with elevated levels of IgE and eosinophils had higher levels of apoptotic EMPs, compared to patients with asthma with mildly increased IgE and eosinophil levels. This observation is relevant to precision therapies for asthma and highlights the importance of sub-phenotyping in the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Strulovici-Barel
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Lee PH, Choi S, An M, Hwang D, Park S, Baek AR, Jang AS. Angiomotin and angiostatin as asthma biomarkers: Implications for the regulation of airway remodeling and inflammation. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 36602260 DOI: 10.1111/all.15637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - SeonMuk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - MinHyeok An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - DaYeon Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Shinhee Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Ae Rin Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
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11
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Ma W, Jin Q, Guo H, Han X, Xu L, Lu S, Wu C. Metformin Ameliorates Inflammation and Airway Remodeling of Experimental Allergic Asthma in Mice by Restoring AMPKα Activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:780148. [PMID: 35153777 PMCID: PMC8830934 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.780148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been involved in modulating inflammatory state and inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis. This study aimed to determine whether metformin alleviates airway inflammation and remodeling of experimental allergic asthma and elucidate the underlying mechanism. We sensitized and challenged mice with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce allergic asthma. During the challenge period, metformin was administered by intraperitoneal injection. By histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, metformin-treated mice showed a significant alleviation in airway inflammation, and in the parameters of airway remodeling including goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition and airway smooth muscle hypertrophy compared to those in the OVA-challenged mice. We also observed elevated levels of multiple cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and MMP-9) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, OVA-specific IgE in the serum and angiogenesis-related factors (VEGF, SDF-1 and CXCR4) in the plasma from asthmatic mice, while metformin reduced all these parameters. Additionally, the activity of 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase a (AMPKα) in the lungs from OVA-challenged mice was remarkably lower than control ones, while after metformin treatment, the ratio of p-AMPKα to AMPKα was upregulated and new blood vessels in the sub-epithelial area as evidenced by CD31 staining were effectively suppressed. These results indicate that metformin ameliorates airway inflammation and remodeling in an OVA-induced chronic asthmatic model and its protective role could be associated with the restoration of AMPKα activity and decreased asthma-related angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiaoyan Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Haiqin Guo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Third Military Medical University Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinpeng Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingbin Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Shemin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Changgui Wu, ; Shemin Lu,
| | - Changgui Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xi’an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Changgui Wu, ; Shemin Lu,
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Kim KH, Hur J, Lee HY, Lee EG, Lee SY. Cyclo-VEGI inhibits bronchial artery remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Exp Lung Res 2021; 47:494-506. [PMID: 34890282 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2021.2015011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim: In the context of asthma, airway bronchial remodeling and angiogenesis in the bronchial mucosa are well established. Cyclopeptidic-vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (cyclo-VEGI) is an inhibitor of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor that increases the proliferation of endothelial cells and the formation of new vessels. However, changes in the bronchial arteries of patients with asthma have not been clearly elucidated. We investigated whether structural changes occurred in bronchial arteries, as well as the effects of cyclo-VEGI in a mouse model of chronic asthma (in vivo) and human fibroblasts (in vitro). Materials and Methods: A validated mouse model of allergic airway inflammation with ovalbumin (OVA) as the causative allergen was used for the study. Mice were treated with cyclo-VEGI or fluticasone during OVA challenge. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether fibroblasts proliferated following elastin exposure and the effects of cyclo-VEGI on them. Results: OVA sensitization and challenge led to greater perivascular smooth muscle area, more elastic fibers, and elevated expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 antigen. These phenomena indicated changes to bronchial arteries. Cyclo-VEGI and fluticasone treatment both inhibited airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation. Cyclo-VEGI-treated mice exhibited decreased perivascular smooth muscle area, elastin fibers, and VCAM-1 expression. Fluticasone-treated mice exhibited reductions in perivascular smooth muscle but not in perivascular elastin or VCAM-1 expression. In vitro, fibroblast proliferation was enhanced by elastin treatment, which was inhibited by cyclo-VEGI treatment. Eotaxin expression was elevated in elastin-treated fibroblasts and decreased with cyclo-VEGI treatment. Conclusions: Vascular remodeling occurred in our mouse model of chronic asthma. Cyclo-VEGI could reduce airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness by inhibiting VCAM-1 expression and elastin deposition around the bronchial arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hoon Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Jung Hur
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Eung Gu Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of South Korea
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13
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Hong J, Lee PH, Lee YG, Leikauf GD, Jang AS. Augmented angiogenic transcription factor, SOX18, is associated with asthma exacerbation. J Asthma 2021; 58:1143-1154. [PMID: 32419535 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1771727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. SRY-related HMG-box 18 (SOX18) is an important transcription factor involved in angiogenesis, tissue injury, wound-healing, and in embryonic cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels development. The role of angiogenic transcription factors, SOX18 and the related, prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1) and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII), in asthma has had limited study. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of SOX18 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. METHODS Plasma SOX18 protein was measured in control subjects, and subject with stable or exacerbated asthma. SOX18, PROX1, and COUP-TFII protein was measured by western blot, and immunohistochemistry in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma (OVA). SOX18, PROX1, and COUP-TFII protein was measured in lung human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) and normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells treated with house dust mite (Der p1). RESULTS Plasma SOX18 tended to be higher in subject with asthma compared to control subjects and increased more during exacerbation as compared to stable disease. In mice, OVA challenge lead to increased lung SOX18, PROX1, COUP-TFII, mucous gland hyperplasia and submucosal collagen. In NHBE cells, SOX18, PROX1 and COUP-TFII increased following Der p1 treatment. SOX18 protein increased in HMVEC-L following Der p1 treatment. CONCLUSION These results suggest that SOX18 may be involved in asthma pathogenesis and be associated with asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Gi Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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14
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Faiz A, Harkness LM, Tjin G, Bernal V, Horvatovich P, James A, Elliot JG, Burgess JK, Ashton AW. Angiogenic regulatory influence of extracellular matrix deposited by resting state asthmatic and non-asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells is similar. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6438-6447. [PMID: 34146379 PMCID: PMC8256353 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the tissue microenvironment that regulates the characteristics of stromal and systemic cells to control processes such as inflammation and angiogenesis. Despite ongoing anti-inflammatory treatment, low levels of inflammation exist in the airways in asthma, which alters ECM deposition by airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. The altered ECM causes aberrant behaviour of cells, such as endothelial cells, in the airway tissue. We therefore sought to characterize the composition and angiogenic potential of the ECM deposited by asthmatic and non-asthmatic ASM. After 72 hours under non-stimulated conditions, the ECM deposited by primary human asthmatic ASM cells was equal in total protein, collagen I, III and fibronectin content to that from non-asthmatic ASM cells. Further, the matrices of non-asthmatic and asthmatic ASM cells were equivalent in regulating the growth, activity, attachment and migration of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Under basal conditions, asthmatic and non-asthmatic ASM cells intrinsically deposit an ECM of equivalent composition and angiogenic potential. Previous findings indicate that dysregulation of the airway ECM is driven even by low levels of inflammatory provocation. This study suggests the need for more effective anti-inflammatory therapies in asthma to maintain the airway ECM and regulate ECM-mediated aberrant angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Faiz
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular BiologyWoolcock Institute of Medical Research. SydneyNSWAustralia
- Emphysema CenterWoolcock Institute of Medical ResearchThe University of SydneyGlebeNSWAustralia
- Respiratory Bioinformatics and Molecular BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPDUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of PulmonologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Discipline of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Louise M. Harkness
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular BiologyWoolcock Institute of Medical Research. SydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of PulmonologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Discipline of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Gavin Tjin
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular BiologyWoolcock Institute of Medical Research. SydneyNSWAustralia
- Discipline of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Present address:
St Vincent’s Institute Medical ResearchFitzroyVic.Australia
| | - Victor Bernal
- Bernoulli Institute (BI)University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of PharmacyAnalytical BiochemistryUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Horvatovich
- Department of PharmacyAnalytical BiochemistryUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Alan James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep MedicineWest Australian Sleep Disorders Research InstituteSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - John G. Elliot
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep MedicineWest Australian Sleep Disorders Research InstituteSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- Respiratory Cellular and Molecular BiologyWoolcock Institute of Medical Research. SydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyGroningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPDUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of PulmonologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Discipline of PharmacologySchool of Medical SciencesThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Central Clinical SchoolThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyKOLFF InstituteUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Anthony W. Ashton
- Division of Perinatal ResearchKolling Institute of Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
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15
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Liu G, Philp AM, Corte T, Travis MA, Schilter H, Hansbro NG, Burns CJ, Eapen MS, Sohal SS, Burgess JK, Hansbro PM. Therapeutic targets in lung tissue remodelling and fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107839. [PMID: 33774068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural changes involving tissue remodelling and fibrosis are major features of many pulmonary diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is a key factor in the development of tissue remodelling that results in symptoms and impaired lung function in these diseases. Tissue remodelling in the lungs is complex and differs between compartments. Some pathways are common but tissue remodelling around the airways and in the parenchyma have different morphologies. Hence it is critical to evaluate both common fibrotic pathways and those that are specific to different compartments; thereby expanding the understanding of the pathogenesis of fibrosis and remodelling in the airways and parenchyma in asthma, COPD and IPF with a view to developing therapeutic strategies for each. Here we review the current understanding of remodelling features and underlying mechanisms in these major respiratory diseases. The differences and similarities of remodelling are used to highlight potential common therapeutic targets and strategies. One central pathway in remodelling processes involves transforming growth factor (TGF)-β induced fibroblast activation and myofibroblast differentiation that increases ECM production. The current treatments and clinical trials targeting remodelling are described, as well as potential future directions. These endeavours are indicative of the renewed effort and optimism for drug discovery targeting tissue remodelling and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashleigh M Philp
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tamera Corte
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Travis
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre and Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Schilter
- Pharmaxis Ltd, 20 Rodborough Road, Frenchs Forest, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris J Burns
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mathew S Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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16
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Dos Santos TM, Righetti RF, Rezende BG, Campos EC, Camargo LDN, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Fukuzaki S, Prado CM, Leick EA, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC. Effect of anti-IL17 and/or Rho-kinase inhibitor treatments on vascular remodeling induced by chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2020; 14:1753466620962665. [PMID: 33357114 PMCID: PMC7768836 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620962665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Expansion and morphological dysregulation of the bronchial vascular network occurs in asthmatic airways. Interleukin (IL) -17 and Rho-kinase (ROCK) are known to act in inflammation control and remodeling. Modulation of Rho-kinase proteins and IL-17 may be a promising approach for the treatment of asthma through the control of angiogenesis. Our objective was to analyze the effects of treatment with anti-IL17 and/or Rho-kinase inhibitor on vascular changes in mice with chronic allergic pulmonary inflammation. Methods: Sixty-four BALB/c mice, with pulmonary inflammation induced by ovalbumin were treated with anti-IL17A (7.5/µg per dose, intraperitoneal) and/or Rho-kinase inhibitor (Y-27632-10 mg/kg, intranasal), 1 h before each ovalbumin challenge (22, 24, 26, and 28/days). Control animals were made to inhale saline. At the end of the protocol, lungs were removed, and morphometric analysis was performed to quantify vascular inflammatory, remodeling, and oxidative stress responses. Results: Anti-IL17 or Rho-kinase inhibitor reduced the number of CD4+, CD8+, dendritic cells, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, Rho-kinase 1 and 2, transforming growth factor (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), nuclear factor (NF)-KappaB, iNOS, metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, MMP-12, metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1), FOXP-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and phospho-STAT1-positive cells, and actin, endothelin-1, isoprostane, biglycan, decorin, fibronectin and the collagen fibers volume fraction compared with the ovalbumin group (p < 0.05). The combination treatment, when compared with anti-IL17, resulted in potentiation of decrease in the number of IL1β- and dendritic cells-positive cells. When we compared the OVA-RHO inhibitor-anti-IL17 with OVA-RHO inhibitor we found a reduction in the number of CD8+ and IL-17, TGF-β, and phospho-STAT1-positive cells and endothelin-1 in the vessels (p < 0.05). There was an attenuation in the number of ROCK 2-positive cells in the group with the combined treatment when compared with anti-IL17 or Rho-kinase inhibitor-treated groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We observed no difference in angiogenesis after treatment with Rho-kinase inhibitor and anti-IL17. Although the treatments did not show differences in angiogenesis, they showed differences in the markers involved in the angiogenesis process contributing to inflammation control and vascular remodeling. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata M Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR; Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato F Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR; Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca G Rezende
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro do N Camargo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR. Hospital Sirio-Libanes, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Saraiva-Romanholo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University City of São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University os Sao Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Edna A Leick
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda F L C Tibério
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455- Sala 1210, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
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17
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Karakaya Z, Cavkaytar Ö, Tosun Ö, Arga M. Subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in children and adolescents with asthma. J Asthma 2020; 59:451-461. [PMID: 33251886 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2020.1856866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is close association between asthma and cardiovascular functions as both diseases share common inflammatory pathways. The current study was aimed at investigating the risk factors, associated with endothelial and cardiac functions in children with newly-diagnosed mild-persistent asthma. METHODS A total of 33 steroid-naive asthmatic children [median(interquartile-range); 9.1 years(7.8-13.5)] and 16 healthy controls [11.5 years(9.9-13.6)] were included. Their demographic, clinical and laboratory findings were recorded. Carotid Artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), stiffness, distensibility and strain were measured as atheroclerosis markers. Conventional and tissue Doppler imaging was performed to evaluate ventricular function. RESULTS The patients with asthma had higher CIMT and stiffness and lower strain and distensibility compared to controls (p < 0.001 for all). There was a significant correlation between the duration of asthmatic symptoms and subclinical-atherosclerosis as well as peripheral eosinophil count (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). The patients had lower tricuspid-annular-plane-systolic-excursion (TAPSE), ejection time, and higher isovolumetric relaxation time (IRT), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT), and left ventricle myocardial performance index (LVMPI) than the control subjects (p < 0.001 for all). A positive correlation was also observed between the duration of asthmatic-symptoms and cardiac-function parameters. CONCLUSION Children with mild persistent asthma had subclinical atherosclerosis and ventricular dysfunction even in the early stage of disease. Symptom duration was closely associated with both subclinical atherosclerosis and ventricular dysfunction. Myocardial performance index was abnormal in the asthmatic children when assessed by tissue Doppler Imaging even though they had normal ejection fraction in conventional echocardiography. Future prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings and to assess the possible protective effect of ICSs in the prevention of subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Karakaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Özlem Cavkaytar
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Öykü Tosun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Arga
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul Medeniyet University Medical Faculty, İstanbul, Turkey
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18
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Shastri MD, Chong WC, Dua K, Peterson GM, Patel RP, Mahmood MQ, Tambuwala M, Chellappan DK, Hansbro NG, Shukla SD, Hansbro PM. Emerging concepts and directed therapeutics for the management of asthma: regulating the regulators. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 29:15-33. [PMID: 33152094 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common, heterogeneous and serious disease, its prevalence has steadily risen in most parts of the world, and the condition is often inadequately controlled in many patients. Hence, there is a major need for new therapeutic approaches. Mild-to-moderate asthma is considered a T-helper cell type-2-mediated inflammatory disorder that develops due to abnormal immune responses to otherwise innocuous allergens. Prolonged exposure to allergens and persistent inflammation results in myofibroblast infiltration and airway remodelling with mucus hypersecretion, airway smooth muscle hypertrophy, and excess collagen deposition. The airways become hyper-responsive to provocation resulting in the characteristic wheezing and obstructed airflow experienced by patients. Extensive research has progressed the understanding of the underlying mechanisms and the development of new treatments for the management of asthma. Here, we review the basis of the disease, covering new areas such as the role of vascularisation and microRNAs, as well as associated potential therapeutic interventions utilising reports from animal and human studies. We also cover novel drug delivery strategies that are being developed to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Potential avenues to explore to improve the future of asthma management are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur D Shastri
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Gregory M Peterson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Rahul P Patel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Malik Q Mahmood
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Dinesh K Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nicole G Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shakti D Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia. .,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia. .,Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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19
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Sevoflurane Prevents Airway Remodeling via Downregulation of VEGF and TGF-β1 in Mice with OVA-Induced Chronic Airway Inflammation. Inflammation 2019; 42:1015-1022. [PMID: 30680697 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, which is the underlying cause of airway remodeling featured by goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, and proliferation of smooth muscle. Sevoflurane has been used to treat life-threatening asthma and our previous study shows that sevoflurane inhibits acute lung inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic mice. However, the effect of sevoflurane on airway remodeling in the context of chronic airway inflammation and the underlying mechanism are still unknown. Here, female C57BL/6 mice were used to establish chronic airway inflammation model. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and Sirius red (SR) staining were used to evaluate airway remodeling. Protein levels of α-SMA, VEGF, and TGF-β1 in lung tissues were detected by western blotting analyses and immunohistochemistry staining. Results showed that inhalation of sevoflurane inhibited chronic airway inflammation including inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production in BALF of the OVA-challenged mice. Meanwhile, sevoflurane suppressed airway thickening, goblet cell hyperplasia, smooth muscle hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and fiber hyperplasia in the lung tissues of the mice with airway remodeling. Most notably, sevoflurane inhibited the OVA-induced expressions of VEGF and TGF-β1. These results suggested that sevoflurane effectively inhibits airway remodeling in mouse model of chronic airway inflammation, which may be due to the downregulation of VEGF and TGF-β1in lung tissues. Therefore, our results indicate a potential role of sevoflurane in inhibiting airway remodeling besides its known suppression effect on airway inflammation, and support the use of sevoflurane in treating severe asthma in ICU.
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20
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Structural alterations and markers of endothelial activation in pulmonary and bronchial arteries in fatal asthma. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2019; 15:50. [PMID: 31485240 PMCID: PMC6714380 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-019-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is interest in better understanding vessel pathology in asthma, given the findings of loss of peripheral vasculature associated with disease severity by imaging and altered markers of endothelial activation. To date, vascular changes in asthma have been described mainly at the submucosal capillary level of the bronchial microcirculation, with sparse information available on the pathology of bronchial and pulmonary arteries. The aim of this study was to describe structural and endothelial activation markers in bronchial arteries (BAs) and pulmonary arteries (PAs) of asthma patients who died during a fatal asthma attack. Methods Autopsy lung tissue was obtained from 21 smoking and non-smoking patients who died of an asthma attack and nine non-smoking control patients. Verhoeff–Masson trichrome staining was used to analyse the structure of arteries. Using immuno-histochemistry and image analyses, we quantified extracellular matrix (ECM) components (collagen I, collagen III, versican, tenascin, fibronectin, elastic fibres), adhesion molecules [vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)] and markers of vascular tone/dysfunction [endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2)] in PAs and BAs. Results There were no significant differences in ECM components, ICAM-1, ET-1 or AT2 between asthma patients and controls. Smoking asthma patients presented with decreased content of collagen III in both BA (p = 0.046) and PA (p = 0.010) walls compared to non-smoking asthma patients. Asthma patients had increased VCAM-1 content in the BA wall (p = 0.026) but not in the PA wall. Conclusion Our data suggest that the mechanisms linking asthma and arterial functional abnormalities might involve systemic rather than local mediators. Loss of collagen III in the PA was observed in smoking asthma patients, and this was compatible with the degradative environment induced by cigarette smoking. Our data also reinforce the idea that the mechanisms of leukocyte efflux via adhesion molecules differ between bronchial and pulmonary circulation, which might be relevant to understanding and treating the distal lung in asthma.
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21
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A cellular census of human lungs identifies novel cell states in health and in asthma. Nat Med 2019; 25:1153-1163. [PMID: 31209336 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human lungs enable efficient gas exchange and form an interface with the environment, which depends on mucosal immunity for protection against infectious agents. Tightly controlled interactions between structural and immune cells are required to maintain lung homeostasis. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics to chart the cellular landscape of upper and lower airways and lung parenchyma in healthy lungs, and lower airways in asthmatic lungs. We report location-dependent airway epithelial cell states and a novel subset of tissue-resident memory T cells. In the lower airways of patients with asthma, mucous cell hyperplasia is shown to stem from a novel mucous ciliated cell state, as well as goblet cell hyperplasia. We report the presence of pathogenic effector type 2 helper T cells (TH2) in asthmatic lungs and find evidence for type 2 cytokines in maintaining the altered epithelial cell states. Unbiased analysis of cell-cell interactions identifies a shift from airway structural cell communication in healthy lungs to a TH2-dominated interactome in asthmatic lungs.
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22
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Ichikawa T, Panariti A, Audusseau S, Mogas AK, Olivenstein R, Chakir J, Laviolette M, Allakhverdi Z, Al Heialy S, Martin JG, Hamid Q. Effect of bronchial thermoplasty on structural changes and inflammatory mediators in the airways of subjects with severe asthma. Respir Med 2019; 150:165-172. [PMID: 30961946 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a novel technique used in the treatment of subjects with severe refractory asthma. Radiofrequency is provided to airway walls during bronchoscopy in order to reduce airway remodeling. Several clinical studies have reported an improvement in subjects' symptoms following BT. However, how BT affects the airway architectures and inflammatory mediators in the airways has not been yet fully elucidated. METHODS Fourteen subjects with severe asthma were recruited in this study according to the criteria of ATS severe asthma definition. The study subjects undertook bronchial biopsy during the bronchoscopy procedure at baseline and 6 weeks after the initial BT treatment. The obtained samples were stained with antibodies for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA); protein gene product (PGP) 9.5, a specific nerve marker; von Willebrand factor (vWF), a marker for blood vessels; interleukin-17A (IL-17A) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). RESULTS The expression of α-SMA and PGP9.5 were significantly reduced post-BT. There was no significant difference in the number of blood vessels between baseline and post-BT. In addition, BT did not affect the production of IL-17A and TGF-β1 in the airways. The changes in the expression of α-SMA and PGP9.5 had no significant correlation with the improvement of pulmonary function. CONCLUSION and Clinical Relevance: This study suggests that BT reduces airway smooth muscle mass and the airway innervation without affecting vasculature and the production of inflammatory mediators in the airways of subjects with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Ichikawa
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alice Panariti
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Severine Audusseau
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrea Karen Mogas
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ronald Olivenstein
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jamila Chakir
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Laviolette
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Quebec, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zoulfia Allakhverdi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Saba Al Heialy
- College of Medicine, Mohammed bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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23
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Rosethorne EM, Charlton SJ. Airway remodeling disease: primary human structural cells and phenotypic and pathway assays to identify targets with potential to prevent or reverse remodeling. J Exp Pharmacol 2018; 10:75-85. [PMID: 30568517 PMCID: PMC6276605 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s159124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a characteristic of many chronic respiratory diseases and occurs when there are significant changes to the architecture of the small and large airways leading to progressive loss of lung function. Some common features include airway smooth muscle and goblet cell hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening and subepithelial fibrosis. To explore the mechanisms driving airway remodeling and identify novel targets to treat this aspect of respiratory disease, appropriate models must be used that will accurately predict the pathology of disease. Phenotypic assays can be used in primary human lung cells to measure changes in cell behavior that are associated with particular disease pathology. This is becoming increasingly popular when targeting chronic pathologies such as airway remodeling, where phenotypic assays are likely to model disease in vitro more accurately than traditional second messenger assays. Here we review the use of primary human lung structural cells in a range of disease-relevant chronic phenotypic assays, and how they may be used in target identification/validation and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rosethorne
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK, .,Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK, .,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, MediCity, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,
| | - Steven J Charlton
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK, .,Centre of Membrane and Protein and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands, UK, .,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd, MediCity, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK,
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24
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Ash SY, Rahaghi FN, Come CE, Ross JC, Colon AG, Cardet-Guisasola JC, Dunican EM, Bleecker ER, Castro M, Fahy JV, Fain SB, Gaston BM, Hoffman EA, Jarjour NN, Mauger DT, Wenzel SE, Levy BD, San Jose Estepar R, Israel E. Pruning of the Pulmonary Vasculature in Asthma. The Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) Cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 198:39-50. [PMID: 29672122 PMCID: PMC6034125 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201712-2426oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Loss of the peripheral pulmonary vasculature, termed vascular pruning, is associated with disease severity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVES To determine if pulmonary vascular pruning is associated with asthma severity and exacerbations. METHODS We measured the total pulmonary blood vessel volume (TBV) and the blood vessel volume of vessels less than 5 mm2 in cross-sectional area (BV5) and of vessels less than 10 mm2 (BV10) in cross-sectional area on noncontrast computed tomographic scans of participants from the Severe Asthma Research Program. Lower values of the BV5 to TBV ratio (BV5/TBV) and the BV10 to TBV ratio (BV10/TBV) represented vascular pruning (loss of the peripheral pulmonary vasculature). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared with healthy control subjects, patients with severe asthma had more pulmonary vascular pruning. Among those with asthma, those with poor asthma control had more pruning than those with well-controlled disease. Pruning of the pulmonary vasculature was also associated with lower percent predicted FEV1 and FVC, greater peripheral and sputum eosinophilia, and higher BAL serum amyloid A/lipoxin A4 ratio but not with low-attenuation area or with sputum neutrophilia. Compared with individuals with less pruning, individuals with the most vascular pruning had 150% greater odds of reporting an asthma exacerbation (odds ratio, 2.50; confidence interval, 1.05-5.98; P = 0.039 for BV10/TBV) and reported 45% more asthma exacerbations during follow-up (incidence rate ratio, 1.45; confidence interval, 1.02-2.06; P = 0.036 for BV10/TBV). CONCLUSIONS Pruning of the peripheral pulmonary vasculature is associated with asthma severity, control, and exacerbations, and with lung function and eosinophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Y. Ash
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Farbod N. Rahaghi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carolyn E. Come
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James C. Ross
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alysha G. Colon
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Eleanor M. Dunican
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eugene R. Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mario Castro
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John V. Fahy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sean B. Fain
- Department of Medical Physics
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Benjamin M. Gaston
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology and
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric A. Hoffman
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David T. Mauger
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Eberly College of Science, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce D. Levy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Raul San Jose Estepar
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elliot Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - SARP Investigators
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Applied Chest Imaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- St. Vincent’s University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Department of Medical Physics
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Pediatric Allergy/Immunology and
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Radiology
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
- Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Eberly College of Science, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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25
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Karamaoun C, Sobac B, Mauroy B, Van Muylem A, Haut B. New insights into the mechanisms controlling the bronchial mucus balance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199319. [PMID: 29933368 PMCID: PMC6014679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we aim to analyze and compare the mechanisms controlling the volume of mucus in the bronchial region of the lungs of a healthy human adult, at rest and in usual atmospheric conditions. This analysis is based on a balance equation for the mucus in an airway, completed by a computational tool aiming at characterizing the evaporation, during respiration, of the water contained in the bronchial mucus. An idealized representation of the lungs, based on Weibel’s morphometric model, is used. The results indicate that the mechanisms controlling the volume of mucus in an airway depend on the localization of the airway in the bronchial region of the lungs. In the proximal generations, the volume of mucus in an airway is mainly controlled by the evaporation of the water it contains and the replenishment, with water, of the mucus layer by epithelial cells or the submucosal glands. Nevertheless, cilia beating in this part of the bronchial region remains of fundamental importance to transport the mucus and hence to eliminate dust and pathogens trapped in it. On the other hand, in the distal generations of the bronchial region, the volume of mucus in an airway is mainly controlled by the mucociliary transport and by the absorption of liquid by the epithelium. This absorption is a consequence of the mucus displacement by the cilia along generations with an interface between the epithelium and the airway surface layer of decreasing area. The numerical results obtained are in good agreement with previously published experimental data, thus validating our approach. We also briefly discuss how our results can improve the understanding and, possibly, the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Karamaoun
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Sobac
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Benjamin Mauroy
- Laboratoire J. A. Dieudonné, UMR CNRS 7351, Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
| | - Alain Van Muylem
- Chest Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Haut
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Lezmi G, Deschildre A, Abou Taam R, Fayon M, Blanchon S, Troussier F, Mallinger P, Mahut B, Gosset P, de Blic J. Remodelling and inflammation in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze and asthma outcome at school age. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:806-813. [PMID: 29603800 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of airway remodelling and inflammation in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze on asthma outcomes is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To assess their association with asthma symptoms and lung function at school age. METHODS Preschoolers (38.4 months) initially investigated with bronchial biopsies were re-assessed for asthma symptoms and lung function at school age. RESULTS Thirty-six of 49 preschoolers (73.5%) were assessed at 10.9 years. Twenty-six (72.2%) had persistent asthma. Submucosal eosinophil counts were higher in children with severe exacerbations at school age than in those without (16/0.1 mm2 [11.2-30.4] vs 8/0.1 mm2 [2.4-17.6], P = .02), and correlated with the number of severe exacerbations (P = .04, r = .35). Submucosal neutrophil counts correlated with FEV1/FVC (P < .01, r = .47) and FEF25-75% predicted (P = .02, r = .43). Airway smooth muscle (ASM) area correlated with FEV1/FVC (P < .01, r = .51). Vessel numbers negatively correlated with FEV1% predicted and FEV1/FVC (P = .03, r = -.42; P = .04, r = -.41; respectively) and FEF25-75% predicted (P = .02, r = -.46). CONCLUSION Eosinophilic inflammation in preschoolers with severe recurrent wheeze might be predictive of future severe exacerbations, neutrophilia might be associated with better lung function. Changes in ASM and vascularity might affect lung function at school age.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lezmi
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - A Deschildre
- Unité de Pneumologie-Allergologie Pédiatrique, Clinique de Pédiatrie Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU de Lille, Université Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - R Abou Taam
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - M Fayon
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC 1401), Bordeaux, France
| | - S Blanchon
- Unité de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Compétences des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - F Troussier
- Centre de Ressources et de Compétences en Mucoviscidose Enfants, Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - P Mallinger
- Cabinet de Pneumologie et d'Allergologie des Sardières, Bourg-en-Bresse, France
| | - B Mahut
- Cabinet La Berma, Antony, France
| | - P Gosset
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Lille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Lille, France.,Institut Fédératif de la Recherche 142, Lille, France
| | - J de Blic
- Service de Pneumologie et Allergologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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27
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Lv Y, Wei Y, Abduwaki M, Jurat T, Li F, Wang H, Wu Y, Li Z, Liu B, Yin H, Cao Y, Nurahmat M, Tang Z, Dong J. A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Effects of Loki zupa in Patients With Chronic Asthma. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:351. [PMID: 29755346 PMCID: PMC5932389 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Uyghur medical formula Loki zupa in patients with chronic asthma. Adult patients with chronic asthma randomly received placebo or Loki zupa as add-on to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) maintenance treatment. Loki zupa or mimics was administered orally 10 ml per time, three times a day for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were asthma control test (ACT) score and peak expiratory flow (PEF). The secondary endpoints were acute exacerbation rate, lung function, night waking days, and symptom-free days in the near 2 weeks, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score and some inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood. A total of 240 adult patients with chronic asthma were enrolled, and 218 patients were randomized to placebo (n = 109) or Loki zupa (n = 109) in addition to ICS for 8 weeks. Treatment with Loki zupa resulted in significant improvement in ACT score compared to the placebo group (p = 0.002). Furthermore, oral taken of Loki zupa increased the PEF obviously (p = 0.026). Loki zupa treatment did not improve the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1, p = 0.131) and FEV1/FVC compared to the placebo treatment (p = 0.805). The placebo group had higher rates of acute exacerbations than the Loki zupa group (6.3% vs. 0, p = 0.027). Subjects randomized to Loki zupa had increased daytime symptom-free days within 2 weeks than placebo (p = 0.016). However, Loki zupa had no effect on night waking days in the near 2 weeks (p = 0.369) and AQLQ score (p = 0.113). No significant effect was found on inflammatory cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-33, IFN-γ, and TGF-β) between the two groups (p > 0.05). No adverse events and severe asthma exacerbations were recorded in the two groups (p > 0.05). Loki zupa add-on to standard ICS produced clinically significant improvements in ACT score, PEF, daytime symptom-free days and acute exacerbation in patients with chronic asthma. Clinical trial: This study is registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/ with identifier number ChiCTR-IPR-16008106.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubao Lv
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Tohti Jurat
- Xinjiang Uygur Medical College, Hotan, China
| | - Fengsen Li
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Huaizhen Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First People's Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Yuhua Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second People's Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, China
| | - Zheng Li
- The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Seventh Division Hospital, Kuytun, China
| | - Hongjun Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Seventh Division Hospital, Kuytun, China
| | - Yuxue Cao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zihui Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Asthma and exercise-induced respiratory symptoms in the athlete: new insights. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2018; 23:71-77. [PMID: 27820744 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000000339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) are common in the athlete and can interfere with sport performances. In this review, we report recent findings on the prevalence, diagnosis and evaluation of these conditions, in addition to specific issues regarding their treatment and antidoping regulations. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies confirmed the high prevalence of exercise-induced respiratory symptoms, asthma and EIB, in athletes and showed that these conditions are still underdiagnosed and undertreated. Recent studies highlight the suboptimal use of asthma medication in asthmatic and allergic athletes. Regarding the diagnosis and treatment, questions about the role and criteria for positivity of eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea test were raised. It was confirmed that there is a subgroup of athletes with poor response to asthma medication. Finally, regarding antidoping regulations, new methods and changes in criteria for urinary bronchodilator thresholds were suggested. SUMMARY Recent publications confirm that exercise-induced respiratory symptoms, asthma and EIB are common in athletes but often unrecognized and not optimally or successfully treated. It was suggested that current criteria for diagnostic bronchoprovocation test responses could be reassessed, as well as antidoping criteria for β2-agonists urinary levels. There is a need for more research on prevention of airways dysfunction in athletes, identification of different asthma phenotypes and the benefits of standard asthma medication in this population.
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29
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Ribeiro A, Abreu RM, Dias MM, Barreiro MF, Ferreira IC. Antiangiogenic compounds: well-established drugs versus emerging natural molecules. Cancer Lett 2018; 415:86-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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30
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Lee PH, Kim BG, Lee SH, Leikauf GD, Jang AS. Proteomic identification of moesin upon exposure to acrolein. Proteome Sci 2018; 16:2. [PMID: 29375273 PMCID: PMC5773073 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-017-0130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acrolein (allyl Aldehyde) as one of smoke irritant exacerbates chronic airway diseases and increased in sputum of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease. But underlying mechanism remains unresolved. The aim of study was to identify protein expression in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) exposed to acrolein. Methods A proteomic approach was used to determine the different expression of proteins at 8 h and 24 h after treatment of acrolein 30 nM and 300 nM to HMVEC-L. Treatment of HMVEC-L with acrolein 30 nM and 300 nM altered 21 protein spots on the two-dimensional gel, and these were then analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Results These proteins included antioxidant, signal transduction, cytoskeleton, protein transduction, catalytic reduction. The proteins were classified into four groups according to the time course of their expression patterns such as continually increasing, transient increasing, transient decreasing, and continually decreasing. For validation immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting was performed on lung tissues from acrolein exposed mice. Moesin was expressed in endothelium, epithelium, and inflammatory cells and increased in lung tissues of acrolein exposed mice compared with sham treated mice. Conclusions These results indicate that some of proteins may be an important role for airway disease exacerbation caused by acrolein exposure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12953-017-0130-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun-Haneul Lee
- 1Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-767 South Korea
| | - Byeong-Gon Kim
- 1Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-767 South Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Lee
- 1Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-767 South Korea
| | - George D Leikauf
- 2Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - An-Soo Jang
- 1Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 420-767 South Korea
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31
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Burgess JK, Ketheson A, Faiz A, Limbert Rempel KA, Oliver BG, Ward JPT, Halayko AJ. Phenotype and Functional Features of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Immortalized Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells from Asthmatic and Non-Asthmatic Donors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:805. [PMID: 29339735 PMCID: PMC5770384 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an obstructive respiratory disease characterised by chronic inflammation with airway hyperresponsiveness. In asthmatic airways, there is an increase in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell bulk, which differs from non-asthmatic ASM in characteristics. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of hTERT immortalisation of human ASM cells as a research tool. Specifically we compared proliferative capacity, inflammatory mediator release and extracellular matrix (ECM) production in hTERT immortalised and parent primary ASM cells from asthmatic and non-asthmatic donors. Our studies revealed no significant differences in proliferation, IL-6 and eotaxin-1 production, or CTGF synthesis between donor-matched parent and hTERT immortalised ASM cell lines. However, deposition of ECM proteins fibronectin and fibulin-1 was significantly lower in immortalised ASM cells compared to corresponding primary cells. Notably, previously reported differences in proliferation and inflammatory mediator release between asthmatic and non-asthmatic ASM cells were retained, but excessive ECM protein deposition in asthmatic ASM cells was lost in hTERT ASM cells. This study shows that hTERT immortalised ASM cells mirror primary ASM cells in proliferation and inflammatory profile characteristics. Moreover, we demonstrate both strengths and weaknesses of this immortalised cell model as a representation of primary ASM cells for future asthma pathophysiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands. .,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, KOLFF Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands. .,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia. .,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - A Ketheson
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Faiz
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC (Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K A Limbert Rempel
- University of Manitoba and Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - B G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - A J Halayko
- University of Manitoba and Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Lee PH, Kim BG, Lee SH, Lee JH, Park SW, Kim DJ, Park CS, Leikauf GD, Jang AS. Alteration in Claudin-4 Contributes to Airway Inflammation and Responsiveness in Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:25-33. [PMID: 29178675 PMCID: PMC5705480 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Claudin-4 has been reported to function as a paracellular sodium barrier and is one of the 3 major claudins expressed in lung alveolar epithelial cells. However, the possible role of claudin-4 in bronchial asthma has not yet been fully studied. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the role of claudin-4 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. METHODS We determined claudin-4 levels in blood from asthmatic patients. Moreover, using mice sensitized and challenged with OVA, as well as sensitized and challenged with saline, we investigated whether claudin-4 is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Der p1 induced the inflammatory cytokines in NHBE cells. RESULTS We found that claudin-4 in blood from asthmatic patients was increased compared with that from healthy control subjects. Plasma claudin-4 levels were significantly higher in exacerbated patients than in control patients with bronchial asthma. The plasma claudin-4 level was correlated with eosinophils, total IgE, FEV1% pred, and FEV1/FVC. Moreover, lung tissues from the OVA-OVA mice showed significant increases in transcripts and proteins of claudin-4 as well as in TJ breaks and the densities of claudin-4 staining. When claudin-4 was knocked down by transfecting its siRNA, inflammatory cytokine expressions, which were induced by Der p1 treatment, were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS These findings thus raise the possibility that regulation of lung epithelial barrier proteins may constitute a therapeutic approach for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pureun Haneul Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Byeong Gon Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - June Hyuck Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - An Soo Jang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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Esnault S, Bernau K, Torr EE, Bochkov YA, Jarjour NN, Sandbo N. RNA-sequencing analysis of lung primary fibroblast response to eosinophil-degranulation products predicts downstream effects on inflammation, tissue remodeling and lipid metabolism. Respir Res 2017; 18:188. [PMID: 29126429 PMCID: PMC5681771 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of eosinophils with inflammation and tissue remodeling is at least partially due to their release of toxic granule proteins and other mediators, including cytokines. Tissue remodeling and consequent functional defects are affected by activity of connective tissue fibroblasts. Exaggerated fibroblast activation, accumulation and change of phenotype may lead to fibrosis and loss of tissue function. So far, little information has been reported on how eosinophils affect inflammation and tissue remodeling via the activation of fibroblasts. We have recently shown that eosinophil activation with IL-3 led to a robust eosinophil degranulation on immunoglobin-G (IgG) coated plates. Thus, in the present study, we analyze the effects of IL-3-activated eosinophil degranulation products on primary human lung fibroblasts (HLF) using whole transcriptome sequencing. METHODS Conditioned media was obtained from eosinophils that were pre-activated with IL-3 or IL-5 and subsequently cultured for 6 h on IgG to induce degranulation. This conditioned media was added on human lung fibroblasts (HLF) for 24 h and the cell lysates were then subjected to whole transcriptome sequencing to identify global changes in gene expression. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and validated by qPCR. RESULTS In HLF, the expression level of 300 genes was changed by conditioned media from IL-3-activated eosinophils compared to control fibroblast cultures. Among these 300 genes, the expression level of 35 genes coding for known proteins was upregulated by IL-3- versus IL-5-pre-activated eosinophils. Of the 35 upregulated genes, IPA identified C3, CH25H, CXCL1, CXCL8, CYP1A1, ICAM1, IL6 and UCN2 as having downstream functions on inflammation, tissue remodeling and lipid synthesis. This analysis combined with previous RNA sequencing analyses of eosinophils suggest IL-1ß, OSM and TNFSF12 as potential upstream regulators of fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified several novel pro-inflammatory and pro-remodeling mediators produced by fibroblasts in response to activated eosinophils. These findings may have significant implications on the role of eosinophil/fibroblast interactions in eosinophilic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - Ksenija Bernau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Torr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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Boulet LP, Moreau SP, Villeneuve HÉ, Turmel J. Athletes Do Not Condition Inspired Air More Effectively than Nonathletes during Hyperpnea. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:200-205. [PMID: 27471787 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endurance athletes have a high prevalence of airway diseases, some possibly representing adaptive mechanisms to the need of conditioning large volumes of inspired air during high ventilation in specific environments. The aim of this study is to assess the ability to condition (warm and humidify) inspired air in athletes by measuring the difference between inhaled and exhaled air temperature (ΔT) during and after eucapnic voluntary hyperpnea (EVH) test. METHODS Twenty-three endurance athletes from various sports, 12 with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and/or exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) (A+), 11 without AHR and/or EIB (A-), 12 nonathletes with AHR and/or EIB (C+), and 11 nonathletes without AHR and/or EIB (C-) were recruited. All subjects attended the laboratory on three occasions, twice for baseline characterization, including questionnaires, pulmonary function, methacholine bronchoprovocation, allergy skin prick tests, exhaled nitric oxide measurement, and a standard EVH, and once to perform a modified EVH to assess ΔT. Inspired and expired air temperatures were measured with a high-precision probe during EVH and at regular intervals until 30 min after the end of the test. RESULTS The global ΔT during the EVH was +5.8°C ± 1.5°C and +4.7°C ± 1.5°C during the 30 min after the EVH. No difference was found between groups for either the ΔT or the slope of ΔT, during and after the EVH. CONCLUSION This study shows no evidence of improved capacity to condition inspired air in endurance athletes, which could have suggested an increased bronchial blood flow or another adaptive mechanism. The absence of an adaptive mechanism could therefore contribute to airway damage observed in athletes in allowing colder but mainly dryer air to penetrate deeper in the lung.
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Hussain M, Xu C, Ahmad M, Yang Y, Lu M, Wu X, Tang L, Wu X. Notch Signaling: Linking Embryonic Lung Development and Asthmatic Airway Remodeling. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:676-693. [PMID: 29025966 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung development is mediated by assorted signaling proteins and orchestrated by complex mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved cell-cell communication mechanism that exhibits a pivotal role in lung development. Notably, both aberrant expression and loss of regulation of Notch signaling are critically linked to the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, in particular, pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and asthmatic airway remodeling; implying that precise regulation of intensity and duration of Notch signaling is imperative for appropriate lung development. Moreover, evidence suggests that Notch signaling links embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Herein, we summarized all-recent advances associated with the mechanistic role of Notch signaling in lung development, consequences of aberrant expression or deletion of Notch signaling in linking early-impaired lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling, and all recently investigated potential therapeutic strategies to treat asthmatic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.H., C.X., M.A., Xim.W.); The Second People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.Y.); and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.L., Xil.W., L.T.)
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.H., C.X., M.A., Xim.W.); The Second People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.Y.); and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.L., Xil.W., L.T.)
| | - Mashaal Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.H., C.X., M.A., Xim.W.); The Second People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.Y.); and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.L., Xil.W., L.T.)
| | - Youping Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.H., C.X., M.A., Xim.W.); The Second People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.Y.); and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.L., Xil.W., L.T.)
| | - Meiping Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.H., C.X., M.A., Xim.W.); The Second People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.Y.); and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.L., Xil.W., L.T.)
| | - Xiling Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.H., C.X., M.A., Xim.W.); The Second People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.Y.); and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.L., Xil.W., L.T.)
| | - Lanfang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.H., C.X., M.A., Xim.W.); The Second People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.Y.); and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.L., Xil.W., L.T.)
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.H., C.X., M.A., Xim.W.); The Second People's Hospital of Wenling, Wenling City, Zhejiang Province, China (Y.Y.); and Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, China (M.L., Xil.W., L.T.)
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Lee HY, Hur J, Kim IK, Kang JY, Yoon HK, Lee SY, Kwon SS, Kim YK, Rhee CK. Effect of nintedanib on airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine chronic asthma model. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:187-196. [PMID: 28696800 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1339141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nintedanib is a multi-tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor recently approved for treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Although angiogenesis is a key process involved in airway structural changes in patients with bronchial asthma, the effect of nintedanib targeting the angiokinase pathway on airway inflammation and remodeling has not been evaluated. METHODS We used a 3-month ovalbumin (OVA) challenge mouse model of airway remodeling. Nintedanib was orally administrated during the challenge period, and the effects were examined based on the percentage of airway inflammatory cells, airway hyper-reactivity (AHR), peribronchial goblet cell hyperplasia, total lung collagen and smooth muscle area. The expression of growth factor receptors was analyzed in mice lung tissues. RESULTS The OVA challenged group showed a significant increase in airway eosinophilic inflammation, elevated Th2 cytokines, AHR, and airway remodeling compared to those in the control group. The airway remodeling process, as evaluated by goblet cell hyperplasia, total lung collagen level, and airway smooth muscle area, was suppressed by nintedanib compared to that by OVA. Nintedanib effectively suppressed the phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor/ platelet derived growth factor subunit2/fibroblast growth factor3 receptors in the mice lung. CONCLUSIONS Nintedanib effectively ameliorated airway inflammation and remodeling in an OVA-induced chronic asthma model. These results suggest that nintedanib could be a new treatment agent targeting airway remodeling in patients with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Young Lee
- a Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hur
- b Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Kim
- b Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kang
- b Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Kyu Yoon
- c Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Youido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- b Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Suk Kwon
- d Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyoon Kim
- b Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- b Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine , The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Prakash YS, Halayko AJ, Gosens R, Panettieri RA, Camoretti-Mercado B, Penn RB. An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement: Current Challenges Facing Research and Therapeutic Advances in Airway Remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:e4-e19. [PMID: 28084822 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201611-2248st] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling (AR) is a prominent feature of asthma and other obstructive lung diseases that is minimally affected by current treatments. The goals of this Official American Thoracic Society (ATS) Research Statement are to discuss the scientific, technological, economic, and regulatory issues that deter progress of AR research and development of therapeutics targeting AR and to propose approaches and solutions to these specific problems. This Statement is not intended to provide clinical practice recommendations on any disease in which AR is observed and/or plays a role. METHODS An international multidisciplinary group from within academia, industry, and the National Institutes of Health, with expertise in multimodal approaches to the study of airway structure and function, pulmonary research and clinical practice in obstructive lung disease, and drug discovery platforms was invited to participate in one internet-based and one face-to-face meeting to address the above-stated goals. Although the majority of the analysis related to AR was in asthma, AR in other diseases was also discussed and considered in the recommendations. A literature search of PubMed was performed to support conclusions. The search was not a systematic review of the evidence. RESULTS Multiple conceptual, logistical, economic, and regulatory deterrents were identified that limit the performance of AR research and impede accelerated, intensive development of AR-focused therapeutics. Complementary solutions that leverage expertise of academia and industry were proposed to address them. CONCLUSIONS To date, numerous factors related to the intrinsic difficulty in performing AR research, and economic forces that are disincentives for the pursuit of AR treatments, have thwarted the ability to understand AR pathology and mechanisms and to address it clinically. This ATS Research Statement identifies potential solutions for each of these factors and emphasizes the importance of educating the global research community as to the extent of the problem as a critical first step in developing effective strategies for: (1) increasing the extent and impact of AR research and (2) developing, testing, and ultimately improving drugs targeting AR.
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Harkness LM, Weckmann M, Kopp M, Becker T, Ashton AW, Burgess JK. Tumstatin regulates the angiogenic and inflammatory potential of airway smooth muscle extracellular matrix. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:3288-3297. [PMID: 28608951 PMCID: PMC5706579 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) creates the microenvironment of the tissue; an altered ECM in the asthmatic airway may be central in airway inflammation and remodelling. Tumstatin is a collagen IV‐derived matrikine reduced in the asthmatic airway wall that reverses airway inflammation and remodelling in small and large animal models of asthma. This study hypothesized that the mechanisms underlying the broad asthma‐resolving effects of tumstatin were due to autocrine remodelling of the ECM. Neutrophils and endothelial cells were seeded on decellularized ECM of non‐asthmatic (NA) or asthmatic (A) airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells previously exposed to tumstatin in the presence or absence of a broad matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, Marimastat. Gene expression in NA and A ASM induced by tumstatin was assessed using RT‐PCR arrays. The presence of tumstatin during ECM deposition affected neutrophil and endothelial cell properties on both NA and A ASM‐derived matrices and this was only partly due to MMP activity. Gene expression patterns in response to tumstatin in NA and A ASM cells were different. Tumstatin may foster an anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenic microenvironment by modifying ASM‐derived ECM. Further work is required to examine whether restoring tumstatin levels in the asthmatic airway represents a potential novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Margaret Harkness
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Section for Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Centrum Luebeck, Airway Research Centre North (ARCN), Member of the German Centre of Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Matthias Kopp
- Section for Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Centrum Luebeck, Airway Research Centre North (ARCN), Member of the German Centre of Lung Research (DZL), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Tim Becker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Marine Biotechnology (Fraunhofer EMB), Luebeck, Germany
| | - Anthony Wayne Ashton
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Janette Kay Burgess
- Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
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Vascular function in asthmatic children and adolescents. Respir Res 2017; 18:17. [PMID: 28095859 PMCID: PMC5240276 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with bronchial asthma, but little is known about the relationship between asthma and vascular function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate endothelial function and arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with asthma. Methods A cross-sectional controlled study was designed. Measurements of endothelial function and arterial stiffness in asthmatic (13.6 ± 0.6 years) and control groups (14.9 ± 0.7 years) were taken by the non-invasive peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT2000) determined by using the natural logarithm of the reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI) and the augmentation index (AIx@75%), respectively. Patients with asthma were also administered two questionnaires to evaluate asthma control and quality of life. Exercise functional capacity was evaluated using the Shuttle Walking Test (SWT). Only male participants were included in the present study. Results LnRHI and the walked distance during the SWT were similar between groups (p = 0.23 and p = 0.50, respectively). AIx@75% was significantly higher in the asthmatic group (-7.75 ± 1.7) compared to the control group (-15.25 ± 1.8), p < 0.04. In the control group, the LnRHI correlated positively with baseline systolic blood pressure (r = 0.53, p = 0.02) and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.50, p = 0.03), age (r = 0.61, p = 0.007), weight (r = 0.63, p = 0.004) and height (r = 0.56, p = 0.015). Besides that LnRHI correlated with FVC (r = 0.69, p = 0.002), FEV1, (r = 0.53, p = 0.03) and negatively with Tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC%, r = −0.49 p = 0.04). The LnRHI of the asthmatic group did not correlate with the different variables evaluated. Conclusion The increased AIx@75% without changes in LnRHI in asthmatic patients could mean that an early detection of vascular impairment may precede endothelial dysfunction, and that different mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular events in this population. A large prospective and randomized controlled study should be done to evaluate the physiopathological mechanisms underlying the association between arterial stiffness and asthma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0488-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Aravamudan B, Thompson MA, Pabelick CM, Prakash YS. Mechanisms of BDNF regulation in asthmatic airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L270-9. [PMID: 27317689 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00414.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin produced by airway smooth muscle (ASM), enhances inflammation effects on airway contractility, supporting the idea that locally produced growth factors influence airway diseases such as asthma. We endeavored to dissect intrinsic mechanisms regulating endogenous, as well as inflammation (TNF-α)-induced BDNF secretion in ASM of nonasthmatic vs. asthmatic humans. We focused on specific Ca(2+) regulation- and inflammation-related signaling cascades and quantified BDNF secretion. We find that TNF-α enhances BDNF release by ASM cells, via several mechanisms relevant to asthma, including transient receptor potential channels TRPC3 and TRPC6 (but not TRPC1), ERK 1/2, PI3K, PLC, and PKC cascades, Rho kinase, and transcription factors cAMP response element binding protein and nuclear factor of activated T cells. Basal BDNF expression and secretion are elevated in asthmatic ASM and increase further with TNF-α exposure, involving many of these regulatory mechanisms. We conclude that airway BDNF secretion is regulated at multiple levels, providing a basis for autocrine effects of BDNF under conditions of inflammation and disease, with potential downstream influences on contractility and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina M Pabelick
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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The Effects of Tumstatin on Vascularity, Airway Inflammation and Lung Function in an Experimental Sheep Model of Chronic Asthma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26309. [PMID: 27199164 PMCID: PMC4873797 DOI: 10.1038/srep26309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumstatin, a protein fragment of the alpha-3 chain of Collagen IV, is known to be significantly reduced in the airways of asthmatics. Further, there is evidence that suggests a link between the relatively low level of tumstatin and the induction of angiogenesis and inflammation in allergic airway disease. Here, we show that the intra-segmental administration of tumstatin can impede the development of vascular remodelling and allergic inflammatory responses that are induced in a segmental challenge model of experimental asthma in sheep. In particular, the administration of tumstatin to lung segments chronically exposed to house dust mite (HDM) resulted in a significant reduction of airway small blood vessels in the diameter range 10+–20 μm compared to controls. In tumstatin treated lung segments after HDM challenge, the number of eosinophils was significantly reduced in parenchymal and airway wall tissues, as well as in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The expression of VEGF in airway smooth muscle was also significantly reduced in tumstatin-treated segments compared to control saline-treated segments. Allergic lung function responses were not attenuated by tumstatin administration in this model. The data are consistent with the concept that tumstatin can act to suppress vascular remodelling and inflammation in allergic airway disease.
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Shan S, Li Y, Wang J, Lv Z, Yi D, Huang Q, Corrigan CJ, Wang W, Quangeng Z, Ying S. Nasal administration of interleukin-33 induces airways angiogenesis and expression of multiple angiogenic factors in a murine asthma surrogate. Immunology 2016; 148:83-91. [PMID: 27035894 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-helper cell type 2-promoting cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33) has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Angiogenesis is a feature of airways remodelling in asthma. We hypothesized that IL-33 induces airways angiogenesis and expression of angiogenic factors in an established murine surrogate of asthma. In the present study, BALB/c mice were subjected to serial intranasal challenge with IL-33 alone for up to 70 days. In parallel, ovalbumin (OVA) -sensitized mice were subjected to serial intranasal challenge with OVA or normal saline to serve as positive and negative controls, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of von Willebrand factor and erythroblast transformation-specific-related gene, both blood vessel markers, and angiogenic factors angiogenin, insulin-like growth factor-1, endothelin-1, epidermal growth factor and amphiregulin was performed in lung sections ex vivo. An established in-house assay was used to test whether IL-33 was able to induce microvessel formation by human vascular endothelial cells. Results showed that serial intranasal challenge of mice with IL-33 or OVA resulted in proliferation of peribronchial von Willebrand factor-positive blood vessels to a degree closely related to the total expression of the angiogenic factors amphiregulin, angiogenin, endothelin-1, epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor-1. IL-33 also induced microvessel formation by human endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent fashion in vitro. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that IL-33 has the capacity to induce angiogenesis at least partly by increasing local expression of multiple angiogenic factors in an allergen-independent murine asthma surrogate, and consequently that IL-33 or its receptor is a potential novel molecular target for asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- The Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Lv
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Yi
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chris J Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei Wang
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Quangeng
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sun Ying
- The Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, UK
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Moon KY, Lee PH, Kim BG, Park CS, Leikauf GD, Jang AS. Claudin 5 in a murine model of allergic asthma: Its implication and response to steroid treatment. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 136:1694-1696.e5. [PMID: 26409663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuk-Young Moon
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Pureun-Haneul Lee
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Byeong-Gon Kim
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - George D Leikauf
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - An-Soo Jang
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Korea.
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Abstract
Asthma is the most common inflammatory disease of the lungs. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in many parts of the world that have adopted aspects of the Western lifestyle, and the disease poses a substantial global health and economic burden. Asthma involves both the large-conducting and the small-conducting airways, and is characterized by a combination of inflammation and structural remodelling that might begin in utero. Disease progression occurs in the context of a developmental background in which the postnatal acquisition of asthma is strongly linked with allergic sensitization. Most asthma cases follow a variable course, involving viral-induced wheezing and allergen sensitization, that is associated with various underlying mechanisms (or endotypes) that can differ between individuals. Each set of endotypes, in turn, produces specific asthma characteristics that evolve across the lifecourse of the patient. Strong genetic and environmental drivers of asthma interconnect through novel epigenetic mechanisms that operate prenatally and throughout childhood. Asthma can spontaneously remit or begin de novo in adulthood, and the factors that lead to the emergence and regression of asthma, irrespective of age, are poorly understood. Nonetheless, there is mounting evidence that supports a primary role for structural changes in the airways with asthma acquisition, on which altered innate immune mechanisms and microbiota interactions are superimposed. On the basis of the identification of new causative pathways, the subphenotyping of asthma across the lifecourse of patients is paving the way for more-personalized and precise pathway-specific approaches for the prevention and treatment of asthma, creating the real possibility of total prevention and cure for this chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Holgate
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Mail Point 810, Level F, Sir Henry Wellcome Building
- Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Subsection Chief of Allergy, Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Asthma Institute at UPMC/UPSOM, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Scott T. Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Campus Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter D. Sly
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute and Centre for Child Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Keglowich LF, Borger P. The Three A's in Asthma - Airway Smooth Muscle, Airway Remodeling & Angiogenesis. Open Respir Med J 2015; 9:70-80. [PMID: 26106455 PMCID: PMC4475688 DOI: 10.2174/1874306401509010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma affects more than 300 million people worldwide and its prevalence is still rising. Acute asthma attacks are characterized by severe symptoms such as breathlessness, wheezing, tightness of the chest, and coughing, which may lead to hospitalization or death. Besides the acute symptoms, asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation and airway wall remodeling. The term airway wall remodeling summarizes the structural changes in the airway wall: epithelial cell shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) bundles, basement membrane thickening and increased vascular density. Airway wall remodeling starts early in the pathogenesis of asthma and today it is suggested that remodeling is a prerequisite for other asthma pathologies. The beneficial effect of bronchial thermoplasty in reducing asthma symptoms, together with the increased potential of ASM cells of asthmatics to produce inflammatory and angiogenic factors, indicate that the ASM cell is a major effector cell in the pathology of asthma. In the present review we discuss the ASM cell and its role in airway wall remodeling and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Keglowich
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Borger
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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