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Bartolf-Kopp M, Jungst T. The Past, Present, and Future of Tubular Melt Electrowritten Constructs to Mimic Small Diameter Blood Vessels - A Stable Process? Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400426. [PMID: 38607966 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Melt Electrowriting (MEW) is a continuously growing manufacturing platform. Its advantage is the consistent production of micro- to nanometer fibers, that stack intricately, forming complex geometrical shapes. MEW allows tuning of the mechanical properties of constructs via the geometry of deposited fibers. Due to this, MEW can create complex mechanics only seen in multi-material compounds and serve as guiding structures for cellular alignment. The advantage of MEW is also shown in combination with other biotechnological manufacturing methods to create multilayered constructs that increase mechanical approximation to native tissues, biocompatibility, and cellular response. These features make MEW constructs a perfect candidate for small-diameter vascular graft structures. Recently, studies have presented fascinating results in this regard, but is this truly the direction that tubular MEW will follow or are there also other options on the horizon? This perspective will explore the origins and developments of tubular MEW and present its growing importance in the field of artificial small-diameter vascular grafts with mechanical modulation and improved biomimicry and the impact of it in convergence with other manufacturing methods and how future technologies like AI may influence its progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bartolf-Kopp
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jungst
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Biofabrication and Functional Materials, University of Würzburg and KeyLab Polymers for Medicine of the Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Li X, Li Y, Yu H, Men LL, Deng G, Liu Z, Du JL. Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Decreases the Survival of Bone Marrow Stem Cells via Inhibition of Bcl-2 Expression. Tissue Eng Part A 2024. [PMID: 38818810 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2024.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is considered an attractive strategy for the repair or regeneration of damaged tissues. However, low survival of MSCs limits their applications clinically. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is significantly increased in patients with hyperlipidemia and decreases the survival of MSCs. Bcl-2 is critically involved in important cell functions, including cell membrane integrity and cell survival. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that ox-LDL attenuates the survival of MSCs through suppression of Bcl-2 expression. Bone marrow MSCs from C57BL/6 mice were cultured with ox-LDL at different concentrations (0-140 μg/mL) for 24 h with native LDL as control. Ox-LDL treatment substantially decreased the survival of MSCs dose-dependently and enhanced the release of intracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in association with a significant decrease in Bcl-2 protein level without change in BAX protein expression in MSCs. Bcl-2 overexpression effectively protected MSCs against ox-LDL-induced damages with preserved cell numbers without significant increase in LDH release. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (1 mM) effectively preserved Bcl-2 protein expression in MSCs and significantly attenuated ox-LDL-induced decrease of cell number and increase in the release of intracellular LDH. These data indicated that ox-LDL treatment resulted in a significant damage of cell membrane and dramatically decreased the survival of MSCs dose-dependently through inhibition of Bcl-2 expression. NAC treatment significantly protected MSCs against the damage of cell membrane by ox-LDL and promoted the survival of MSCs in association with preserved Bcl-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Li Men
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Glenn Deng
- Research Center for Single-Cell Omics and Personalized Medicine, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jian-Ling Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Zhang C, Shi J, Dai Y, Li X, Leng J. Progress of the study of pericytes and their potential research value in adenomyosis. Sci Prog 2024; 107:368504241257126. [PMID: 38863331 PMCID: PMC11179483 DOI: 10.1177/00368504241257126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Pericytes (PCs) are versatile cells integral to the microcirculation wall, exhibiting specific stem cell traits. They are essential in modulating blood flow, ensuring vascular permeability, maintaining homeostasis, and aiding tissue repair process. Given their involvement in numerous disease-related pathological and physiological processes, the regulation of PCs has emerged as a focal point of research. Adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of active endometrial glands and stroma encased by an enlarged and proliferative myometrial layer, further accompanied by fibrosis and new blood vessel formation. This distinct pathological condition might be intricately linked with PCs. This article comprehensively reviews the markers associated with PCs, their contributions to angiogenesis, blood flow modulation, and fibrotic processes. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on adenomyosis pathophysiology, emphasizing the potential correlation and future implications regarding PCs and the development of adenomyosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghua Shi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Leng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Beijing, China
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Lei J, Jiang X, Huang D, Jing Y, Yang S, Geng L, Yan Y, Zheng F, Cheng F, Zhang W, Belmonte JCI, Liu GH, Wang S, Qu J. Human ESC-derived vascular cells promote vascular regeneration in a HIF-1α dependent manner. Protein Cell 2024; 15:36-51. [PMID: 37158785 PMCID: PMC10762672 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), a core transcription factor responding to changes in cellular oxygen levels, is closely associated with a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. However, its differential impacts on vascular cell types and molecular programs modulating human vascular homeostasis and regeneration remain largely elusive. Here, we applied CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of human embryonic stem cells and directed differentiation to generate HIF-1α-deficient human vascular cells including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a platform for discovering cell type-specific hypoxia-induced response mechanisms. Through comparative molecular profiling across cell types under normoxic and hypoxic conditions, we provide insight into the indispensable role of HIF-1α in the promotion of ischemic vascular regeneration. We found human MSCs to be the vascular cell type most susceptible to HIF-1α deficiency, and that transcriptional inactivation of ANKZF1, an effector of HIF-1α, impaired pro-angiogenic processes. Altogether, our findings deepen the understanding of HIF-1α in human angiogenesis and support further explorations of novel therapeutic strategies of vascular regeneration against ischemic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Lei
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Daoyuan Huang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ying Jing
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lingling Geng
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yupeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangshuo Zheng
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400062, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing 101408, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, China
| | | | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing 400062, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, China
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Budeus B, Unger K, Hess J, Sentek H, Klein D. Comparative computational analysis to distinguish mesenchymal stem cells from fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270493. [PMID: 37822926 PMCID: PMC10562561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered to be the most promising stem cell type for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine. Based on their potential to home to diseased body sites following a therapeutically application, these cells could (i) differentiate then into organ-specific cell types to locally restore injured cells or, most prominently, (ii) foster tissue regeneration including immune modulations more indirectly by secretion of protective growth factors and cytokines. As tissue-resident stem cells of mesenchymal origin, these cells are morphologically and even molecularly- at least concerning the classical marker genes- indistinguishable from similar lineage cells, particularly fibroblasts. Methods Here we used microarray-based gene expression and global DNA methylation analyses as well as accompanying computational tools in order to specify differences between MSCs and fibroblasts, to further unravel potential identity genes and to highlight MSC signaling pathways with regard to their trophic and immunosuppressive action. Results We identified 1352 differentially expressed genes, of which in the MSCs there is a strong signature for e.g., KRAS signaling, known to play essential role in stemness maintenance, regulation of coagulation and complement being decisive for resolving inflammatory processes, as well as of wound healing particularly important for their regenerative capacity. Genes upregulated in fibroblasts addressed predominately transcription and biosynthetic processes and mapped morphological features of the tissue. Concerning the cellular identity, we specified the already known HOX code for MSCs, established a potential HOX code for fibroblasts, and linked certain HOX genes to functional cell-type-specific properties. Accompanied methylation profiles revealed numerous regions, especially in HOX genes, being differentially methylated, which might provide additional biomarker potential. Discussion Conclusively, transcriptomic together with epigenetic signatures can be successfully be used for the definition (cellular identity) of MSCs versus fibroblasts as well as for the determination of the superior functional properties of MSCs, such as their immunomodulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Budeus
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Sentek
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Jolly AJ, Lu S, Dubner AM, Strand KA, Mutryn MF, Pilotti-Riley A, Danis EP, Nemenoff RA, Moulton KS, Majesky MW, Weiser-Evans MC. Redistribution of the chromatin remodeler Brg1 directs smooth muscle-derived adventitial progenitor-to-myofibroblast differentiation and vascular fibrosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164862. [PMID: 36976650 PMCID: PMC10243795 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle-derived Sca1+ adventitial progenitor (AdvSca1-SM) cells are tissue-resident, multipotent stem cells that contribute to progression of vascular remodeling and fibrosis. Upon acute vascular injury, AdvSca1-SM cells differentiate into myofibroblasts and are embedded in perivascular collagen and the extracellular matrix. While the phenotypic properties of AdvSca1-SM-derived myofibroblasts have been defined, the underlying epigenetic regulators driving the AdvSca1-SM-to-myofibroblast transition are unclear. We show that the chromatin remodeler Smarca4/Brg1 facilitates AdvSca1-SM myofibroblast differentiation. Brg1 mRNA and protein were upregulated in AdvSca1-SM cells after acute vascular injury, and pharmacological inhibition of Brg1 by the small molecule PFI-3 attenuated perivascular fibrosis and adventitial expansion. TGF-β1 stimulation of AdvSca1-SM cells in vitro reduced expression of stemness genes while inducing expression of myofibroblast genes that was associated with enhanced contractility; PFI blocked TGF-β1-induced phenotypic transition. Similarly, genetic knockdown of Brg1 in vivo reduced adventitial remodeling and fibrosis and reversed AdvSca1-SM-to-myofibroblast transition in vitro. Mechanistically, TGF-β1 promoted redistribution of Brg1 from distal intergenic sites of stemness genes and recruitment to promoter regions of myofibroblast-related genes, which was blocked by PFI-3. These data provide insight into epigenetic regulation of resident vascular progenitor cell differentiation and support that manipulating the AdvSca1-SM phenotype will provide antifibrotic clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Jolly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- Medical Scientist Training Program
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | | | - Keith A. Strand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Marie F. Mutryn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | | | | | - Raphael A. Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, and
| | - Karen S. Moulton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark W. Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary C.M. Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
- School of Medicine, Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, and
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The adventitia in arterial development, remodeling, and hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 205:115259. [PMID: 36150432 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The adventitia receives input signals from the vessel wall, the immune system, perivascular nerves and from surrounding tissues to generate effector responses that regulate structural and mechanical properties of blood vessels. It is a complex and dynamic tissue that orchestrates multiple functions for vascular development, homeostasis, repair, and disease. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the origins, phenotypes, and functions of adventitial and perivascular cells with particular emphasis on hypertensive vascular remodeling.
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Bone marrow-independent adventitial macrophage progenitor cells contribute to angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:220. [PMID: 35264563 PMCID: PMC8907187 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis promotes tumor growth, metastasis, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Macrophages are key players in these processes. However, whether these macrophages differentiate from bone marrow-derived monocytes or from local vascular wall-resident stem and progenitor cells (VW-SCs) is an unresolved issue of angiogenesis. To answer this question, we analyzed vascular sprouting and alterations in aortic cell populations in mouse aortic ring assays (ARA). ARA culture leads to the generation of large numbers of macrophages, especially within the aortic adventitia. Using immunohistochemical fate-mapping and genetic in vivo-labeling approaches we show that 60% of these macrophages differentiate from bone marrow-independent Ly6c+/Sca-1+ adventitial progenitor cells. Analysis of the NCX−/− mouse model that genetically lacks embryonic circulation and yolk sac perfusion indicates that at least some of those progenitor cells arise yolk sac-independent. Macrophages represent the main source of VEGF in ARA that vice versa promotes the generation of additional macrophages thereby creating a pro-angiogenetic feedforward loop. Additionally, macrophage-derived VEGF activates CD34+ progenitor cells within the adventitial vasculogenic zone to differentiate into CD31+ endothelial cells. Consequently, depletion of macrophages and VEGFR2 antagonism drastically reduce vascular sprouting activity in ARA. In summary, we show that angiogenic activation induces differentiation of macrophages from bone marrow-derived as well as from bone marrow-independent VW-SCs. The latter ones are at least partially yolk sac-independent, too. Those VW-SC-derived macrophages critically contribute to angiogenesis, making them an attractive target to interfere with pathological angiogenesis in cancer and atherosclerosis as well as with regenerative angiogenesis in ischemic cardiovascular disorders.
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Dogan L, Scheuring R, Wagner N, Ueda Y, Schmidt S, Wörsdörfer P, Groll J, Ergün S. Human iPSC-derived mesodermal progenitor cells preserve their vasculogenesis potential after extrusion and form hierarchically organized blood vessels. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 34521078 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac26ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Post-fabrication formation of a proper vasculature remains an unresolved challenge in bioprinting. Established strategies focus on the supply of the fabricated structure with nutrients and oxygen and either rely on the mere formation of a channel system using fugitive inks or additionally use mature endothelial cells and/or peri-endothelial cells such as smooth muscle cells for the formation of blood vesselsin vitro.Functional vessels, however, exhibit a hierarchical organization and multilayered wall structure that is important for their function. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitor cells (hiMPCs) have been shown to possess the capacity to form blood vesselsin vitro, but have so far not been assessed for their applicability in bioprinting processes. Here, we demonstrate that hiMPCs, after formulation into an alginate/collagen type I bioink and subsequent extrusion, retain their ability to give rise to the formation of complex vessels that display a hierarchical network in a process that mimics the embryonic steps of vessel formation during vasculogenesis. Histological evaluations at different time points of extrusion revealed the initial formation of spheres, followed by lumen formation and further structural maturation as evidenced by building a multilayered vessel wall and a vascular network. These findings are supported by immunostainings for endothelial and peri-endothelial cell markers as well as electron microscopic analyses at the ultrastructural level. Moreover, endothelial cells in capillary-like vessel structures deposited a basement membrane-like matrix at the basal side between the vessel wall and the alginate-collagen matrix. After transplantation of the printed constructs into the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) the printed vessels connected to the CAM blood vessels and get perfusedin vivo. These results evidence the applicability and great potential of hiMPCs for the bioprinting of vascular structures mimicking the basic morphogenetic steps ofde novovessel formation during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Dogan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ruben Scheuring
- Chair for Functional Materials for Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Chair for Functional Materials for Medicine and Dentistry at the Institute for Functional Materials and Biofabrication (IFB) and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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Rattila S, Kleefeldt F, Ballesteros A, Beltrame JS, L Ribeiro M, Ergün S, Dveksler G. Pro-angiogenic effects of pregnancy-specific glycoproteins in endothelial and extravillous trophoblast cells. Reproduction 2021; 160:737-750. [PMID: 33065549 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that binding to heparan sulfate (HS) is required for the ability of the placentally secreted pregnancy-specific glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) to induce endothelial tubulogenesis. PSG1 is composed of four immunoglobulin-like domains but which domains of the protein bind to HS remains unknown. To analyze the interaction of PSG1 with HS, we generated several recombinant proteins, including the individual domains, chimeric proteins between two PSG1 domains, and mutants. Using flow cytometric and surface plasmon resonance studies, we determined that the B2 domain of PSG1 binds to HS and that the positively charged amino acids encompassed between amino acids 43-59 are required for this interaction. Furthermore, we showed that the B2 domain of PSG1 is required for the increase in the formation of tubes by endothelial cells (EC) including a human endometrial EC line and two extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell lines and for the pro-angiogenic activity of PSG1 observed in an aortic ring assay. PSG1 enhanced the migration of ECs while it increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in EVTs, indicating that the pro-angiogenic effect of PSG1 on these two cell types may be mediated by different mechanisms. Despite differences in amino acid sequence, we observed that all human PSGs bound to HS proteoglycans and confirmed that at least two other members of the family, PSG6 and PSG9, induce tube formation. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the pro-angiogenic activity of human PSGs and strongly suggest conservation of this function among all PSG family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemona Rattila
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Ballesteros
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jimena S Beltrame
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CONICET - School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria L Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Reproduction, Centre for Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CONICET - School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Dveksler
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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Klein D. Lung Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature: Cellular Basis, Clinical Relevance, and Implications for Stem Cell Therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:204-216. [PMID: 33167666 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Tissue-resident stem cells are essential for normal organ homeostasis as well as for functional tissue regeneration after severe injury. Herein, mesenchymal stem cells, also designated as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity by their ability to replace dysfunctional cells or secrete cytokines locally and thus support the repair and healing processes of affected tissues. Recent Advances: Besides epithelial stem and progenitor cells, substantial evidence exists that tissue-resident multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal nature also exist in adult human lungs. These lung MSCs may function to regulate pulmonary tissue repair and/or regeneration, inflammation, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Critical Issues: Although therapeutically applied MSCs turned out to be a valuable therapeutic option for the prevention of lung diseases and/or the regeneration of diseased lung tissue, the true function of tissue-resident MSCs within the lung, and identification of their niche, which presumably dictates function, remain elusive. Future Directions: A detailed understanding of lung MSC localization (in the potential vascular stem cell niche) as well as of the signaling pathways controlling stem cell fate is prerequisite to unravel how (i) endogenous MSCs contribute to lung diseases, (ii) exogenous MSCs affect the proliferation of endogenous stem cells to repair damaged tissue, and (iii) a potential on-site manipulation of these cells directly within their endogenous niche could be used for therapeutic benefits. This review focuses on the central role of lung-resident MSCs, which are closely associated with the pulmonary vasculature, in a variety of chronic and acute lung diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 204-216.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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12
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Jiang L, Sun X, Deng J, Hu Y, Xu Q. Different Roles of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Vascular Remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:192-203. [PMID: 33107320 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Since the discovery of vascular stem cells, there has been considerable advancement in comprehending the nature and functions of these cells. Due to their differentiation potential to repair endothelial cells and to participate in lesion formation during vascular remodeling, it is crucial to elucidate vascular stem cell behaviors and the mechanisms underlying this process, which could provide new chances for the design of clinical therapeutic application of stem cells. Recent Advances: Over the past decades, major progress has been made on progenitor/vascular stem cells in the field of cardiovascular research. Vascular stem cells are mostly latent in their niches and can be bioactivated in response to damage and get involved in endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell aggregation to generate neointima. Accumulating evidence has been shown recently, using genetic lineage tracing mouse models, to particularly provide solutions to the nature of vascular stem cells and to monitor both cell migration and the process of differentiation during physiological angiogenesis and in vascular diseases. Critical Issues: This article reviews and summarizes the current research progress of vascular stem cells in this field and highlights future prospects for stem cell research in regenerative medicine. Future Directions: Despite recent advances and achievements of stem cells in cardiovascular research, the nature and cell fate of vascular stem cells remain elusive. Further comprehensive studies using new techniques including genetic cell lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing are essential to fully illuminate the role of stem cells in vascular development and diseases. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 192-203.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Vascular Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Wörsdörfer P, Ergün S. The Impact of Oxygen Availability and Multilineage Communication on Organoid Maturation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:217-233. [PMID: 33334234 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: An optimal supply with oxygen is of high importance during embryogenesis and a prerequisite for proper organ development. Different tissues require varying amounts of oxygen, and even within single organs, different phases of development go alongside with either physiological hypoxia or the need for sufficient oxygen supply. Recent Advances: Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid models are state of the art cell culture platforms for the investigation of developmental processes, disease modeling, and drug testing. Organoids modeling the development of multiple tissues were developed within the past years. Critical Issues: Until now, optimization of oxygen supply and its role during organoid growth, differentiation, and maturation have only rarely been addressed. Recent publications indicate that hypoxia-induced processes play an important role in three-dimensional tissue cultures, triggering multilineage communication between mesenchymal cells, the endothelium, as well as organotypic cells. Later in culture, a sufficient supply with oxygen is of high importance to allow larger organoid sizes. Moreover, cellular stress is reduced and tissue maturation is improved. Therefore, a functional blood vessel network is required. Future Directions: In this review, we will briefly summarize aspects of the role of oxygen during embryonic development and organogenesis, present an update on novel organoid models with a special focus on organoid vascularization, and discuss the importance of complex organoids involving parenchymal cells, mesenchymal cells, inflammatory cells, and functional blood vessels for the generation of mature and fully functional tissues in vitro. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 217-233.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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14
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Upcin B, Henke E, Kleefeldt F, Hoffmann H, Rosenwald A, Irmak-Sav S, Aktas HB, Rückschloß U, Ergün S. Contribution of Adventitia-Derived Stem and Progenitor Cells to New Vessel Formation in Tumors. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071719. [PMID: 34359889 PMCID: PMC8304670 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blocking tumor vascularization has not yet come to fruition to the extent it was hoped for, as angiogenesis inhibitors have shown only partial success in the clinic. We hypothesized that under-appreciated vascular wall-resident stem and progenitor cells (VW-SPCs) might be involved in tumor vascularization and influence effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy. Indeed, in patient samples, we observed that vascular adventitia-resident CD34+ VW-SPCs are recruited to tumors in situ from co-opted vessels. To elucidate this in detail, we established an ex vivo model using concomitant embedding of multi-cellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) and mouse aortic rings (ARs) into collagen gels, similar to the so-called aortic ring assay (ARA). Moreover, ARA was modified by removing the ARs’ adventitia that harbors VW-SPCs. Thus, this model enabled distinguishing the contribution of VW-SPCs from that of mature endothelial cells (ECs) to new vessel formation. Our results show that the formation of capillary-like sprouts is considerably delayed, and their number and network formation were significantly reduced by removing the adventitia. Substituting iPSC-derived neural spheroids for MCTS resulted in distinct sprouting patterns that were also strongly influenced by the presence or absence of VW-SPCs, also underlying the involvement of these cells in non-pathological vascularization. Our data suggest that more comprehensive approaches are needed in order to block all of the mechanisms contributing to tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin Upcin
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Erik Henke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Florian Kleefeldt
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Helene Hoffmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Ster Irmak-Sav
- Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Bilgi University, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Huseyin Bertal Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Hematology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Uwe Rückschloß
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, 97070 Würzburg, Germany; (B.U.); (E.H.); (F.K.); (H.H.); (U.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-931-31-82701
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15
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Jolly AJ, Lu S, Strand KA, Dubner AM, Mutryn MF, Nemenoff RA, Majesky MW, Moulton KS, Weiser-Evans MCM. Heterogeneous subpopulations of adventitial progenitor cells regulate vascular homeostasis and pathological vascular remodeling. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1452-1465. [PMID: 33989378 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are characterized by chronic vascular dysfunction and provoke pathological remodeling events such as neointima formation, atherosclerotic lesion development, and adventitial fibrosis. While lineage-tracing studies have shown that phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major cellular component of neointimal lesions, the cellular origins and microenvironmental signaling mechanisms that underlie remodeling along the adventitial vascular layer are not fully understood. However, a growing body of evidence supports a unique population of adventitial lineage-restricted progenitor cells expressing the stem cell marker, stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1; AdvSca1 cells) as important effectors of adventitial remodeling and suggests that they are at least partially responsible for subsequent pathological changes that occur in the media and intima. AdvSca1 cells are being studied in murine models of atherosclerosis, perivascular fibrosis, and neointima formation in response to acute vascular injury. Depending on the experimental conditions, AdvSca1 cells exhibit the capacity to differentiate into SMCs, endothelial cells, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and pro-remodeling cells such as myofibroblasts and macrophages. These data indicate that AdvSca1 cells may be a targetable cell population to influence the outcomes of pathologic vascular remodeling. Important questions remain regarding the origins of AdvSca1 cells and the essential signaling mechanisms and microenvironmental factors that regulate both maintenance of their stem-like, progenitor phenotype and their differentiation into lineage-specified cell types. Adding complexity to the story, recent data indicate that the collective population of adventitial progenitor cells is likely composed of several smaller, lineage-restricted subpopulations which are not fully defined by their transcriptomic profile and differentiation capabilities. The aim of this review is to outline the heterogeneity of Sca1+ adventitial progenitor cells, summarize their role in vascular homeostasis and remodeling, and comment on their translational relevance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J Jolly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Sizhao Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Keith A Strand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Allison M Dubner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Marie F Mutryn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension.,School of Medicine,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101.,Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | | | - Mary C M Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension.,School of Medicine,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation.,Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
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16
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Abstract
Niches for tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified in many adult tissues. In particular, MSCs residing in the vascular stem cell niche came into focus: the so-called vascular wall-resident MSCs (VW-MSCs) were, based upon their anatomic location, (1) distributed throughout the adult organism, and (2) supposed to be the first line cells which could be addressed in response to a pathologic trigger acting on or in close vicinity to the vascular system. Like tissue-resident MSCs in general, VW-MSC contribute to organ integrity and harbor the capacity to suppress inflammation and promote repair during normal vessel homeostasis, although resident MSCs present in the healthy situation of an individual seems not to bear sufficient for protection or repair following injury. In contrast, injury affected MSCs could contribute to disease induction and progression. A detailed understanding of the molecular repertoire as well as of the signaling pathways controlling stem cell fate of VW-MSCs is prerequisite to understand how (1) endogenous VW-MSCs contribute to normal vessel homeostasis as well as diseases that include the vascular system, (2) a potential on-site manipulation of these cells directly within their endogenous niche could be used for therapeutically benefits, and (3) isolated and therapeutically applied VW-MSCs in terms of exogenous MSCs with superior repair capabilities might be logically more efficient to address vascular diseases than MSCs derived from other tissues. This chapter describes a straightforward protocol for the improved isolation of human VW-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Klein
- Institute for Cell Biology (Cancer Research), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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17
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Wu H, Zhou X, Gong H, Ni Z, Xu Q. Perivascular tissue stem cells are crucial players in vascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:324-333. [PMID: 33556462 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular tissue including adipose layer and adventitia have been considered to play pivotal roles in vascular development and disease progression. Recent studies showed that abundant stem/progenitorcells (SPCs) are present in perivascular tissues. These SPCs exhibit capability to proliferate and differentiate into specific terminal cells. Adult perivascular SPCs are quiescent in normal condition, once activated by specific molecules (e.g., cytokines), they migrate toward the lumen side where they differentiate into both smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), thus promoting intima hyperplasia or endothelial regeneration. In addition, perivascular SPCs can also regulate vascular diseases via other ways including but not limited to paracrine effects, matrix protein modulation and microvessel formation. Perivascular SPCs have also been shown to possess therapeutic potentials due to the capability to differentiate into vascular cells and regenerate vascular structures. This review summarizes current knowledge on resident SPCs features and discusses the potential benefits of SPCs therapy in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
| | - Zhichao Ni
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
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18
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Adventitial Progenitor Cells of Human Great Saphenous Vein Enhance the Resolution of Venous Thrombosis via Neovascularization. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:8816763. [PMID: 33679991 PMCID: PMC7926266 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular adventitia contains progenitor cells and is shown to participate in vascular remolding. Progenitor cells are recruited into the venous thrombi in mice to promote neovascularization. We hypothesized that the adventitial progenitor cells of human great saphenous vein (HGSV-AdPC) enhance the resolution of venous thrombosis via neovascularization. Methods Human great saphenous vein (HGSV) was harvested from the patients with great saphenous vein varicose and sectioned for immunohistochemistry, or minced for progenitor cell primary culture, or placed in sodium dodecyl sulfate solution for decellularization. Human venous thrombi were collected from patients with great saphenous vein varicose and superficial thrombophlebitis. Infrarenal abdominal aorta of New Zealand white rabbits was replaced with interposing decellularized vessel, and the patency of the grafts was confirmed by ultrasonic examination. Animal venous thrombi in the left infrarenal vena cava of mice were produced with Prolene suture ligation and ophthalmic force clipping of this portion. After HGSVs were digested by collagenase, the CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC were isolated on FACS system, labelled with CM-Dil, and transplanted into the adventitia of infrarenal vena cava of nude mice. The percentage of thrombus organization area to the thrombus area was calculated as the organization rate. The thrombus cell, endothelial cells, and macrophages in the thrombi were counted in sections. Cell smears and frozen sections of human saphenous veins and venous thrombi were labeled with Sca1, CD34, CD117, Flk1, CD31, and F4/80 antibodies. The CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC were cultured in endothelial growth medium with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to induce endothelial cell differentiation and analyzed with real time-PCR, Western blotting, and tube formation assays. Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that the CD34+CD117+ cells were located within the adventitia of HGSVs, and many CD34+ and CD117+ cells have emerged in the human venous thrombi. The number of progenitor cells within the marginal area of 7 days mice thrombi was shown to be Sca1+ ≈21%, CD34+ ≈12%, CD117+ ≈9%, and Flk1+ ≈5%. Many CD34+adventitial progenitor cells have migrated into the decellularized vessels. FACS showed that the number of CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC in primary cultured cells as 1.2 ± 0.07%. After CD34+CD117+HGSV-AdPC were transplanted into the adventitia of nude mice vena cava with venous thrombi, the organization rate, nucleate cell count, endothelial cells, and macrophage cells of thrombi were shown to be significantly increased. The transplanted CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC at the adventitia have crossed the vein wall, entered the venous thrombi, and differentiated into endothelial cells. The CD34+CD117+ HGSV-AdPC in the culture medium in the presence of VEGF-promoted gene and protein expression of endothelial cell markers in vitro and induced tube formation. Conclusions HGSV-AdPC could cross the vein wall and migrate from the adventitia into the venous thrombi. Increased HGSV-AdPC in the adventitia has enhanced the resolution of venous thrombi via differentiating into endothelial cells of neovascularization.
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19
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Lu S, Jolly AJ, Strand KA, Dubner AM, Mutryn MF, Moulton KS, Nemenoff RA, Majesky MW, Weiser-Evans MC. Smooth muscle-derived progenitor cell myofibroblast differentiation through KLF4 downregulation promotes arterial remodeling and fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:139445. [PMID: 33119549 PMCID: PMC7714399 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident vascular adventitial SCA1+ progenitor (AdvSca1) cells are essential in vascular development and injury. However, the heterogeneity of AdvSca1 cells presents a unique challenge in understanding signaling pathways orchestrating their behavior in homeostasis and injury responses. Using smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineage-tracing models, we identified a subpopulation of AdvSca1 cells (AdvSca1-SM) originating from mature SMCs that undergo reprogramming in situ and exhibit a multipotent phenotype. Here we employed lineage tracing and RNA-sequencing to define the signaling pathways regulating SMC-to-AdvSca1-SM cell reprogramming and AdvSca1-SM progenitor cell phenotype. Unbiased hierarchical clustering revealed that genes related to hedgehog/WNT/beta-catenin signaling were significantly enriched in AdvSca1-SM cells, emphasizing the importance of this signaling axis in the reprogramming event. Leveraging AdvSca1-SM–specific expression of GLI-Kruppel family member GLI1 (Gli1), we generated Gli1-CreERT2-ROSA26-YFP reporter mice to selectively track AdvSca1-SM cells. We demonstrated that physiologically relevant vascular injury or AdvSca1-SM cell–specific Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) depletion facilitated the proliferation and differentiation of AdvSca1-SM cells to a profibrotic myofibroblast phenotype rather than macrophages. Surprisingly, AdvSca1-SM cells selectively contributed to adventitial remodeling and fibrosis but little to neointima formation. Together, these findings strongly support therapeutics aimed at preserving the AdvSca1-SM cell phenotype as a viable antifibrotic approach. Smooth muscle cell–derived resident vascular adventitial progenitor cells adopt a myofibroblast phenotype in response to vascular injury and play a dominant role in vascular fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhao Lu
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Austin J Jolly
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Keith A Strand
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Allison M Dubner
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Marie F Mutryn
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and
| | | | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mary Cm Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, and.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,Cardio Vascular Pulmonary Research Lab, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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20
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Duddu S, Chakrabarti R, Ghosh A, Shukla PC. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transcription Factors in Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Genet 2020; 11:588602. [PMID: 33193725 PMCID: PMC7596349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.588602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors as multifaceted modulators of gene expression that play a central role in cell proliferation, differentiation, lineage commitment, and disease progression. They interact among themselves and create complex spatiotemporal gene regulatory networks that modulate hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, and conditional differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into cells of cardiovascular lineage. Additionally, bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially contribute to the cardiovascular cell population and have shown potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are currently debatable. This review focuses on some key transcription factors and associated epigenetic modifications that modulate the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells. In addition to this, we aim to summarize different potential clinical therapeutic approaches in cardiac regeneration therapy and recent discoveries in stem cell-based transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Praphulla Chandra Shukla
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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21
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I T, Ueda Y, Wörsdörfer P, Sumita Y, Asahina I, Ergün S. Resident CD34-positive cells contribute to peri-endothelial cells and vascular morphogenesis in salivary gland after irradiation. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1467-1479. [PMID: 33025085 PMCID: PMC7578140 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) hypofunction is a common post-radiotherapy complication. Besides the parenchymal damage after irradiation (IR), there are also effects on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which were shown to contribute to regeneration and repair of damaged tissues by differentiating into stromal cell types or releasing vesicles and soluble factors supporting the healing processes. However, there are no adequate reports about their roles during SG damage and regeneration so far. Using an irradiated SG mouse model, we performed certain immunostainings on tissue sections of submandibular glands at different time points after IR. Immunostaining for CD31 revealed that already one day after IR, vascular impairment was induced at the level of capillaries. In addition, the expression of CD44—a marker of acinar cells—diminished gradually after IR and, by 20 weeks, almost disappeared. In contrast, the number of CD34-positive cells significantly increased 4 weeks after IR and some of the CD34-positive cells were found to reside within the adventitia of arteries and veins. Laser confocal microscopic analyses revealed an accumulation of CD34-positive cells within the area of damaged capillaries where they were in close contact to the CD31-positive endothelial cells. At 4 weeks after IR, a fraction of the CD34-positive cells underwent differentiation into α-SMA-positive cells, which suggests that they may contribute to regeneration of smooth muscle cells and/or pericytes covering the small vessels from the outside. In conclusion, SG-resident CD34-positive cells represent a population of progenitors that could contribute to new vessel formation and/or remodeling of the pre-existing vessels after IR and thus, might be an important player during SG tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi I
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. .,Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Ueda
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Unit of Translational Medicine, Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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22
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Steens J, Klar L, Hansel C, Slama A, Hager T, Jendrossek V, Aigner C, Klein D. The vascular nature of lung-resident mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:128-143. [PMID: 32830458 PMCID: PMC7780817 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lungs bear their own reservoir of endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although described as located perivascular, the cellular identity of primary lung MSCs remains elusive. Here we investigated the vascular nature of lung‐resident MSCs (LR‐MSCs) using healthy human lung tissue. LR‐MSCs predominately reside within the vascular stem cell niche, the so‐called vasculogenic zone of adult lung arteries. Primary LR‐MSCs isolated from normal human lung tissue showed typical MSC characteristics in vitro and were phenotypically and functionally indistinguishable from MSCs derived from the vascular wall of adult human blood vessels (VW‐MSCs). Moreover, LR‐MSCs expressed the VW‐MSC‐specific HOX code a characteristic to discriminate VW‐MSCs from phenotypical similar cells. Thus, LR‐MSC should be considered as VW‐MSCs. Immunofluorescent analyses of non‐small lung cancer (NSCLC) specimen further confirmed the vascular adventitia as stem cell niche for LR‐MSCs, and revealed their mobilization and activation in NSCLC progression. These findings have implications for understanding the role of MSC in normal lung physiology and pulmonary diseases, as well as for the rational design of additional therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Steens
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Klar
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Hansel
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexis Slama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik-University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Surgical Endoscopy, Ruhrlandklinik-University Clinic Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, Essen, Germany
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23
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Wörsdörfer P, I T, Asahina I, Sumita Y, Ergün S. Do not keep it simple: recent advances in the generation of complex organoids. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:1569-1577. [PMID: 32385575 PMCID: PMC7577912 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
3D cell culture models which closely resemble real human tissues are of high interest for disease modelling, drug screening as well as a deeper understanding of human developmental biology. Such structures are termed organoids. Within the last years, several human organoid models were described. These are usually stem cell derived, arise by self-organization, mimic mechanisms of normal tissue development, show typical organ morphogenesis and recapitulate at least some organ specific functions. Many tissues have been reproduced in vitro such as gut, liver, lung, kidney and brain. The resulting entities can be either derived from an adult stem cell population, or generated from pluripotent stem cells using a specific differentiation protocol. However, many organoid models only recapitulate the organs parenchyma but are devoid of stromal components such as blood vessels, connective tissue and inflammatory cells. Recent studies show that the incorporation of endothelial and mesenchymal cells into organoids improved their maturation and might be required to create fully functional micro-tissues, which will allow deeper insights into human embryogenesis as well as disease development and progression. In this review article, we will summarize and discuss recent works trying to incorporate stromal components into organoids, with a special focus on neural organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wörsdörfer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Takashi I
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Asahina
- Department of Regenerative Oral Surgery, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sumita
- Basic and Translational Research Center for Hard Tissue Disease, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Mekala SR, Wörsdörfer P, Bauer J, Stoll O, Wagner N, Reeh L, Loew K, Eckner G, Kwok CK, Wischmeyer E, Dickinson ME, Schulze H, Stegner D, Benndorf RA, Edenhofer F, Pfeiffer V, Kuerten S, Frantz S, Ergün S. Generation of Cardiomyocytes From Vascular Adventitia-Resident Stem Cells. Circ Res 2019; 123:686-699. [PMID: 30355234 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Regeneration of lost cardiomyocytes is a fundamental unresolved problem leading to heart failure. Despite several strategies developed from intensive studies performed in the past decades, endogenous regeneration of heart tissue is still limited and presents a big challenge that needs to be overcome to serve as a successful therapeutic option for myocardial infarction. OBJECTIVE One of the essential prerequisites for cardiac regeneration is the identification of endogenous cardiomyocyte progenitors and their niche that can be targeted by new therapeutic approaches. In this context, we hypothesized that the vascular wall, which was shown to harbor different types of stem and progenitor cells, might serve as a source for cardiac progenitors. METHODS AND RESULTS We describe generation of spontaneously beating mouse aortic wall-derived cardiomyocytes without any genetic manipulation. Using aortic wall-derived cells (AoCs) of WT (wild type), αMHC (α-myosin heavy chain), and Flk1 (fetal liver kinase 1)-reporter mice and magnetic bead-associated cell sorting sorting of Flk1+ AoCs from GFP (green fluorescent protein) mice, we identified Flk1+CD (cluster of differentiation) 34+Sca-1 (stem cell antigen-1)-CD44- AoCs as the population that gives rise to aortic wall-derived cardiomyocytes. This AoC subpopulation delivered also endothelial cells and macrophages with a particular accumulation within the aortic wall-derived cardiomyocyte containing colonies. In vivo, cardiomyocyte differentiation capacity was studied by implantation of fluorescently labeled AoCs into chick embryonic heart. These cells acquired cardiomyocyte-like phenotype as shown by αSRA (α-sarcomeric actinin) expression. Furthermore, coronary adventitial Flk1+ and CD34+ cells proliferated, migrated into the myocardium after mouse myocardial infarction, and expressed Isl-1+ (insulin gene enhancer protein-1) indicative of cardiovascular progenitor potential. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest Flk1+CD34+ vascular adventitia-resident stem cells, including those of coronary adventitia, as a novel endogenous source for generating cardiomyocytes. This process is essentially supported by endothelial cells and macrophages. In summary, the therapeutic manipulation of coronary adventitia-resident cardiac stem and their supportive cells may open new avenues for promoting cardiac regeneration and repair after myocardial infarction and for preventing heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subba Rao Mekala
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Philipp Wörsdörfer
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Jochen Bauer
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Olga Stoll
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Nicole Wagner
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Laurens Reeh
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Kornelia Loew
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Georg Eckner
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Chee Keong Kwok
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Erhard Wischmeyer
- Institute of Physiology (E.W.).,University of Würzburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health (E.W.)
| | - Mary Eleanor Dickinson
- University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.E.D.)
| | | | | | - Ralf A Benndorf
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany (R.A.B.)
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Verena Pfeiffer
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
| | - Stefan Frantz
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.).,Department of Internal Medicine I, ZIM (Zentrum für Innere Medizin) (S.F.)
| | - Süleyman Ergün
- From the Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology II (S.R.M., P.W., J.B., O.S., N.W., L.R., K.L., G.E., C.K.K., F.E., V.P., S.K., S.E.)
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25
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Dahlgren MW, Molofsky AB. Adventitial Cuffs: Regional Hubs for Tissue Immunity. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:877-887. [PMID: 31522963 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation must be effective, while limiting excessive tissue damage. To walk this line, immune functions are grossly compartmentalized by innate cells that act locally and adaptive cells that function systemically. But what about the myriad tissue-resident immune cells that are critical to this balancing act and lie on a spectrum of innate and adaptive immunity? We propose that mammalian perivascular adventitial 'cuffs' are conserved sites in multiple organs, enriched for these tissue-resident lymphocytes and dendritic cells, as well as lymphatics, nerves, and subsets of specialized stromal cells. Here, we argue that these boundary sites integrate diverse tissue signals to regulate the movement of immune cells and interstitial fluid, facilitate immune crosstalk, and ultimately act to coordinate regional tissue immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene W Dahlgren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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26
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Lu Y, Thavarajah T, Gu W, Cai J, Xu Q. Impact of miRNA in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e159-e170. [PMID: 30354259 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- From the Center of Clinical Pharmacology (Y.L.)
| | - Tanuja Thavarajah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (T.T., W.G., Q.X.)
| | - Wenduo Gu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (T.T., W.G., Q.X.)
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology (J.C., Q.X.), Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology (J.C., Q.X.), Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, United Kingdom (T.T., W.G., Q.X.)
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27
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Magalon J, Velier M, Simoncini S, François P, Bertrand B, Daumas A, Benyamine A, Boissier R, Arnaud L, Lyonnet L, Fernandez S, Dignat-George F, Casanova D, Guillet B, Granel B, Paul P, Sabatier F. Molecular profile and proangiogenic activity of the adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction used as an autologous innovative medicinal product in patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:391-398. [PMID: 30612118 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue is an alternative to cultured adipose-derived stem cells for use in regenerative medicine and represents a promising therapy for vasculopathy and hand disability in systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the bioactivity of autologous SVF is not documented in this disease context. This study aimed to compare the molecular and functional profiles of the SVF-based medicinal product obtained from SSc and healthy subjects. METHODS Good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade SVF from 24 patients with SSc and 12 healthy donors (HD) was analysed by flow cytometry to compare the distribution of the CD45- and CD45+ haematopoietic cell subsets. The ability of SVF to form a vascular network was assessed using Matrigel in vivo assay. The transcriptomic and secretory profiles of the SSc-SVF were assessed by RNA sequencing and multiplex analysis, respectively, and were compared with the HD-SVF. RESULTS The distribution of the leucocyte, endothelial, stromal, pericyte and transitional cell subsets was similar for SSc-SVF and HD-SVF. SSc-SVF retained its vasculogenic capacity, but the density of neovessels formed in SVF-loaded Matrigel implanted in nude mice was slightly decreased compared with HD-SVF. SSc-SVF displayed a differential molecular signature reflecting deregulation of angiogenesis, endothelial activation and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence that SSc does not compromise the vascular repair capacity of SVF, supporting its use as an innovative autologous biotherapy. The characterisation of the specific SSc-SVF molecular profile provides new perspectives for delineating markers of the potency of SVF and its targets for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Magalon
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Velier
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pauline François
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Baptiste Bertrand
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Plastic Surgery Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Daumas
- Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Nord & Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Benyamine
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Nord & Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Boissier
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Urology Surgery Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Lyonnet
- Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Françoise Dignat-George
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Casanova
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Granel
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Nord & Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Paul
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France .,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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28
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Di Rocco G, Baldari S, Pani G, Toietta G. Stem cells under the influence of alcohol: effects of ethanol consumption on stem/progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:231-244. [PMID: 30306211 PMCID: PMC6339663 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2931-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells drive embryonic and fetal development. In several adult tissues, they retain the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of specialized cells, thus contributing to tissue homeostasis and repair throughout life span. Alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk for several diseases and conditions. Growing and developing tissues are particularly vulnerable to alcohol's influence, suggesting that stem- and progenitor-cell function could be affected. Accordingly, recent studies have revealed the possible relevance of alcohol exposure in impairing stem-cell properties, consequently affecting organ development and injury response in different tissues. Here, we review the main studies describing the effects of alcohol on different types of progenitor/stem cells including neuronal, hepatic, intestinal and adventitial progenitor cells, bone-marrow-derived stromal cell, dental pulp, embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells, and tumor-initiating cells. A better understanding of the nature of the cellular damage induced by chronic and episodic heavy (binge) drinking is critical for the improvement of current therapeutic strategies designed to treat patients suffering from alcohol-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Di Rocco
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Baldari
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Pani
- Institute of General Pathology, Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Catholic University Medical School, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Toietta
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostic, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via E. Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
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29
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Barron AMS, Mantero JC, Ho JD, Nazari B, Horback KL, Bhawan J, Lafyatis R, Lam C, Browning JL. Perivascular Adventitial Fibroblast Specialization Accompanies T Cell Retention in the Inflamed Human Dermis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:56-68. [PMID: 30510068 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular accumulation of lymphocytes can be a prominent histopathologic feature of various human inflammatory skin diseases. Select examples include systemic sclerosis, spongiotic dermatitis, and cutaneous lupus. Although a large body of work has described various aspects of the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle layers in these diseases, the outer adventitial compartment is poorly explored. The goal of the current study was to characterize perivascular adventitial fibroblast states in inflammatory human skin diseases and relate these states to perivascular lymphocyte accumulation. In normal skin, adventitial fibroblasts are distinguished by CD90 expression, and dense perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates are uncommon. In systemic sclerosis, this compartment expands, but lymphocyte infiltrates remain sparse. In contrast, perivascular adventitial fibroblast expression of VCAM1 is upregulated in spongiotic dermatitis and lupus and is associated with a dense perivascular T cell infiltrate. VCAM1 expression marks transitioned fibroblasts that show some resemblance to the reticular stromal cells in secondary lymphoid organs. Expanded adventitial compartments with perivascular infiltrates similar to the human settings were not seen in the inflamed murine dermis. This species difference may hinder the dissection of aspects of perivascular adventitial pathology. The altered perivascular adventitial compartment and its associated reticular network form a niche for lymphocytes and appear to be fundamental in the development of an inflammatory pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M S Barron
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Julio C Mantero
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Jonathan D Ho
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Banafsheh Nazari
- Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Katharine L Horback
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Jag Bhawan
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118.,Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Christina Lam
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Jeffrey L Browning
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118; .,Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
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30
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James BD, Allen JB. Vascular Endothelial Cell Behavior in Complex Mechanical Microenvironments. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3818-3842. [PMID: 33429612 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The vascular mechanical microenvironment consists of a mixture of spatially and temporally changing mechanical forces. This exposes vascular endothelial cells to both hemodynamic forces (fluid flow, cyclic stretching, lateral pressure) and vessel forces (basement membrane mechanical and topographical properties). The vascular mechanical microenvironment is "complex" because these forces are dynamic and interrelated. Endothelial cells sense these forces through mechanosensory structures and transduce them into functional responses via mechanotransduction pathways, culminating in behavior directly affecting vascular health. Recent in vitro studies have shown that endothelial cells respond in nuanced and unique ways to combinations of hemodynamic and vessel forces as compared to any single mechanical force. Understanding the interactive effects of the complex mechanical microenvironment on vascular endothelial behavior offers the opportunity to design future biomaterials and biomedical devices from the bottom-up by engineering for the cellular response. This review describes and defines (1) the blood vessel structure, (2) the complex mechanical microenvironment of the vascular endothelium, (3) the process in which vascular endothelial cells sense mechanical forces, and (4) the effect of mechanical forces on vascular endothelial cells with specific attention to recent works investigating the influence of combinations of mechanical forces. We conclude this review by providing our perspective on how the field can move forward to elucidate the effects of the complex mechanical microenvironment on vascular endothelial cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan D James
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Institute for Computational Engineering, University of Florida, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Josephine B Allen
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Florida, 100 Rhines Hall, PO Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,Institute for Cell and Tissue Science and Engineering, 300 Weil Hall, PO Box 116550, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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31
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Chen T, Wu Y, Gu W, Xu Q. Response of vascular mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells to hyperlipidemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:4079-4091. [PMID: 29946805 PMCID: PMC11105685 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis that is characterized by lipid accumulation, inflammatory cell infiltration, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. It is well known that hyperlipidemia is a stimulator for endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle cell migration during vascular disease development. Recently, it was found that vessel wall contains a variable number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are quiescent in physiological conditions, but can be activated by a variety of stimuli, e.g., increased lipid level or hyperlipidemia. Vascular MSCs displayed characteristics of stem cells which can differentiate into several types of cells, e.g., smooth muscle cells, adipocytic, chondrocytic, and osteocytic lineages. In vitro, lipid loading can induce MSC migration and chemokines secretion. After MSC migration into the intima, they play an essential role in inflammatory response and cell accumulation during the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In addition, MSC transplantation has been explored as a therapeutic approach to treat atherosclerosis in animal models. In this review, we aim to summarize current progress in characterizing the identity of vascular MSCs and to discuss the mechanisms involved in the response of vascular stem/progenitor cells to lipid loading, as well as to explore therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases and shed new light on regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenduo Gu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's BHF Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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Zhang X, Ko HM, Torres J, Panchal HJ, Cai Z, Wagner M, Sands BE, Colombel JF, Cho J, Taouli B, Harpaz N. Luminally polarized mural and vascular remodeling in ileal strictures of Crohn's disease. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:42-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yu B, Chen Q, Le Bras A, Zhang L, Xu Q. Vascular Stem/Progenitor Cell Migration and Differentiation in Atherosclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:219-235. [PMID: 28537424 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Atherosclerosis is a major cause for the death of human beings, and it takes place in large- and middle-sized arteries. The pathogenesis of the disease has been widely investigated, and new findings on vascular stem/progenitor cells could have an impact on vascular regeneration. Recent Advances: Recent studies have shown that abundant stem/progenitor cells present in the vessel wall are mainly responsible for cell accumulation in the intima during vascular remodeling. It has been demonstrated that the mobilization and recruitment of tissue-resident stem/progenitor cells give rise to endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) that participate in vascular repair and remodeling such as neointimal hyperplasia and arteriosclerosis. Interestingly, cell lineage tracing studies indicate that a large proportion of SMCs in neointimal lesions is derived from adventitial stem/progenitor cells. CRITICAL ISSUES The influence of stem/progenitor cell behavior on the development of atherosclerosis is crucial. An understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that control stem/progenitor cell migration and differentiation is essential for stem/progenitor cell therapy for vascular diseases and regenerative medicine. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Identification of the detailed process driving the migration and differentiation of vascular stem/progenitor cells during the development of atherosclerosis, discovery of the environmental cues, and signaling pathways that control cell fate within the vasculature will facilitate the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqi Yu
- 1 Department of Emergency, Guangdong General Hospital , Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qishan Chen
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Alexandra Le Bras
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre , London, United Kingdom
| | - Li Zhang
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- 3 Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre , London, United Kingdom
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Sobel M, Kikuchi S, Chen L, Tang GL, Wight TN, Kenagy RD. Clinical factors that influence the cellular responses of saphenous veins used for arterial bypass. J Vasc Surg 2018; 68:165S-176S.e6. [PMID: 29914830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.03.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When an autogenous vein is harvested and used for arterial bypass, it suffers physical and biologic injuries that may set in motion the cellular processes that lead to wall thickening, fibrosis, stenosis, and ultimately graft failure. Whereas the injurious effects of surgical preparation of the vein conduit have been extensively studied, little is known about the influence of the clinical environment of the donor leg from which the vein is obtained. METHODS We studied the cellular responses of fresh saphenous vein samples obtained before implantation in 46 patients undergoing elective lower extremity bypass surgery. Using an ex vivo model of response to injury, we quantified the outgrowth of cells from explants of the adventitial and medial layers of the vein. We correlated this cellular outgrowth with the clinical characteristics of the patients, including the Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection classification of the donor leg for ischemia, wounds, and infection as well as smoking and diabetes. RESULTS Cellular outgrowth was significantly faster and more robust from the adventitial layer than from the medial layer. The factors of leg ischemia (P < .001), smoking (P = .042), and leg infection (P = .045) were associated with impaired overall outgrowth from the adventitial tissue on multivariable analysis. Only ischemia (P = .046) was associated with impaired outgrowth of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from the medial tissue. Co-culture of adventitial cells and SMCs propagated from vein explants revealed that adventitial cells significantly inhibited the growth of SMCs, whereas SMCs promoted the growth of adventitial cells. The AA genotype of the -838C>A p27 polymorphism (previously associated with superior graft patency) enhanced these effects, whereas the factor of smoking attenuated adventitial cell inhibition of SMC growth. Comparing gene expression, the cells cultured from the media overexpress Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways associated with inflammation and infection, whereas those from the adventitia overexpress gene families associated with development and stem/progenitor cell maintenance. CONCLUSIONS The adverse clinical environment of the leg may influence the biologic behavior of the cells in the vein wall, especially the adventitial cells. Chronic ischemia was the most significant factor that retards adventitial cell outgrowth. The cells arising from the vein adventitia may be key players in determining a healthy adaptive or a pathologic response to the injuries associated with vein grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sobel
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Wash; Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Shinsuke Kikuchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Lihua Chen
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Gale L Tang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Wash; Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Tom N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, Wash
| | - Richard D Kenagy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
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Reckmann AN, Tomczyk CUM, Davidoff MS, Michurina TV, Arnhold S, Müller D, Mietens A, Middendorff R. Nestin in the epididymis is expressed in vascular wall cells and is regulated during postnatal development and in case of testosterone deficiency. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194585. [PMID: 29874225 PMCID: PMC5991371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), distinguished by the expression of the neuronal stem cell marker nestin, may represent stem cell-like progenitor cells in various organs including the testis. We investigated epididymal tissues of adult nestin-GFP mice, rats after Leydig cell depletion via ethane dimethane sulfonate (EDS), rats and mice during postnatal development and human tissues. By use of Clarity, a histochemical method to illustrate a three-dimensional picture, we could demonstrate nestin-GFP positive cells within the vascular network. We localized nestin in the epididymis in proliferating vascular SMCs by colocalization with both smooth muscle actin and PCNA, and it was distinct from CD31-positive endothelial cells. The same nestin localization was found in the human epididymis. However, nestin was not found in SMCs of the epididymal duct. Nestin expression is high during postnatal development of mouse and rat and down-regulated towards adulthood when testosterone levels increase. Nestin increases dramatically in rats after Leydig cell ablation with EDS and subsequently low testosterone levels. Interestingly, during this period, the expression of androgen receptor in the epididymis is low and increases until nestin reaches normal levels of adulthood. Here we show that nestin, a common marker for neuronal stem cells, is also expressed in the vasculature of the epididymis. Our results give new insights into the yet underestimated role of proliferating nestin-expressing vascular SMCs during postnatal development and repair of the epididymis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar N Reckmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia U M Tomczyk
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michail S Davidoff
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana V Michurina
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States of America
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States of America
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefan Arnhold
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Dieter Müller
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Mietens
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Middendorff
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
Vascular, resident stem cells are present in all 3 layers of the vessel wall; they play a role in vascular formation under physiological conditions and in remodeling in pathological situations. Throughout development and adult early life, resident stem cells participate in vessel formation through vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. In adults, the vascular stem cells are mostly quiescent in their niches but can be activated in response to injury and participate in endothelial repair and smooth muscle cell accumulation to form neointima. However, delineation of the characteristics and of the migration and differentiation behaviors of these stem cells is an area of ongoing investigation. A set of genetic mouse models for cell lineage tracing has been developed to specifically address the nature of these cells and both migration and differentiation processes during physiological angiogenesis and in vascular diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on resident stem cells, which has become more defined and refined in vascular biology research, thus contributing to the development of new potential therapeutic strategies to promote endothelial regeneration and ameliorate vascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
| | - Ting Chen
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academic of Sciences (B.Z.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China (L.Z., T.C., Q.X.)
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, BHF Centre, United Kingdom (S.I.B., Q.X.)
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