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Watanabe K, Takayama S, Yamada T, Hashimoto M, Tadano J, Nakagawa T, Watanabe T, Fukusaki E, Miyawaki I, Shimma S. Novel mimetic tissue standards for precise quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of drug and neurotransmitter concentrations in rat brain tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024:10.1007/s00216-024-05477-5. [PMID: 39126505 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the concentration of a drug and its therapeutic efficacy or side effects is crucial in drug development, especially to understand therapeutic efficacy in central nervous system drug, quantifying drug-induced site-specific changes in the levels of endogenous metabolites, such as neurotransmitters. In recent times, evaluation of quantitative distribution of drugs and endogenous metabolites using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has attracted much attention in drug discovery research. However, MALDI-MSI quantification (quantitative mass spectrometry imaging, QMSI) is an emerging technique, and needs to be further developed for practicable and convenient use in drug discovery research. In this study, we developed a reliable QMSI method for quantification of clozapine (antipsychotic drug) and dopamine and its metabolites in the rat brain using MALDI-MSI. An improved mimetic tissue model using powdered frozen tissue for QMSI was established as an alternative method, enabling the accurate quantification of clozapine levels in the rat brain. Furthermore, we used the improved method to evaluate drug-induced fluctuations in the concentrations of dopamine and its metabolites. This method can quantitatively evaluate drug localization in the brain and drug-induced changes in the concentration of endogenous metabolites, demonstrating the usefulness of QMSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Watanabe
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Sayo Takayama
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Toichiro Yamada
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayo Hashimoto
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Tadano
- Research Planning & Coordination, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakagawa
- Research Planning & Coordination, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Watanabe
- Drug Research Division, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratory, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Izuru Miyawaki
- Preclinical Research Unit, Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shimma
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratory, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Fujikawa M, Ueda M, Maruyama K. Role of Kynurenine and Its Derivatives in the Neuroimmune System. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7144. [PMID: 39000249 PMCID: PMC11241229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing realization of intricate interactions between the nervous and immune systems, characterized by shared humoral factors and receptors. This interplay forms the basis of the neuroimmune system, the understanding of which will provide insights into the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, in which the involvement of the immune system has been overlooked. Kynurenine and its derivatives derived from tryptophan have long been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases. Recent studies have revealed their close association not only with neurological disorders but also with sepsis-related deaths. This review provides an overview of the biochemistry of kynurenine and its derivatives, followed by a discussion of their role via the modulation of the neuroimmune system in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fujikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masashi Ueda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Aichi, Japan
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Kondo T, Okada Y, Shizuya S, Yamaguchi N, Hatakeyama S, Maruyama K. Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151418. [PMID: 38729083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and more general metabolites, are essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is converted into functional molecules such as serotonin and kynurenine, both of which play important roles in the nervous and immune systems. The role of kynurenine metabolites in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity of the kynurenine pathway is a critical risk factor for septic shock. In this review, we first outline neuroimmune interactions and tryptophan derivatives and then summarized the changes in tryptophan metabolism in neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential of tryptophan derivatives as therapeutic targets for neuroimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Saika Shizuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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Pyrylium based derivatization imaging mass spectrometer revealed the localization of L-DOPA. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271697. [PMID: 35917331 PMCID: PMC9345479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous imaging of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) in the catecholamine metabolic pathway is particularly useful because l-DOPA is a neurophysiologically important metabolic intermediate. In this study, we found that 2,4,6-trimethylpyrillium tetrafluoroborate (TMPy) can selectively and efficiently react with target catecholamine molecules. Specifically, simultaneous visualization of DA and NE as metabolites of l-DOPA with high steric hinderance was achieved by derivatized-imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Interestingly, l-DOPA showed strong localization in the brainstem, in contrast to the pattern of DA and NE, which co-localized with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). In addition, to identify whether the detected molecules were endogenous or exogenous l-DOPA, mice were injected with l-DOPA deuterated in three positions (D3-l-DOPA), which was identifiable by a mass shift of 3Da. TMPy-labeled l-DOPA, DA and NE were detected at m/z 302.1, 258.1 and 274.1, while their D3 versions were detected at 305.0, 261.1 and 277.1 in mouse brain, respectively. l-DOPA and D3-l-DOPA were localized in the BS. DA and NE, and D3-DA and D3-NE, all of which are metabolites of L-DOPA and D3-l-DOPA, were localized in the striatum (STR) and locus coeruleus (LC). These findings suggest a mechanism in the brainstem that allows l-DOPA to accumulate without being metabolized to monoamines downstream of the metabolic pathway.
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Derivatization-based sample-multiplexing for enhancing throughput in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantification of metabolites: an overview. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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