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Yadav S, Pandey A, Mali SN. From lab to nature: Recent advancements in the journey of gastroprotective agents from medicinal chemistry to phytotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116436. [PMID: 38704935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Peptic ulcer, affecting 10 % of the global population, results from imbalances in gastric juice pH and diminished mucosal defences. Key underlying factors are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori infection, undermining mucosal resistance. Traditional treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists exhibit drawbacks such as adverse effects, relapses, and drug interactions. This review extensively explores the ethnomedicinal, synthetic and pharmacological facets of various potential peptic ulcer treatments. Rigorous methodologies involving electronic databases, and chemical structure verification via 'PubChem' and 'SciFinder' enhance the review's credibility. The provided information, spanning medicinal insights to intricate pharmacological mechanisms, establishes a robust groundwork for future research and the development of plant-derived or synthetic molecules for peptic ulcers, offering a promising alternative to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Anima Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Suraj N Mali
- School of Pharmacy, D.Y. Patil University (Deemed to be University), Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, 400706, India.
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Chandra P, Kaleem M, Sachan N, Pathak R, Alanazi AS, Alsaif NA, Alsanea S, Alsuwayt B, Alanazi MM, Kabra A. Gastroprotective evaluation of Medicago sativa L. (Fabaceae) on diabetic rats. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101815. [PMID: 37860685 PMCID: PMC10582054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional uses for the plant Medicago sativa (M. sativa) (Alfalfa) (Family: Fabaceae) include liver protection, antioxidant activity, and the treatment of bleeding and digestive issues. This study aims to assess the effect of ethanol extract of M. sativa (EEMS) on experimental-induced ulcers in diabetic rats. By pylorus ligation and ethanol administration, gastric ulcers were induced in diabetic rats. Five groups each consisting of six rats in each model were used. All other groups except Group I were made diabetic by giving rats alloxan (140 mg/kg i.p.). Vehicles were given to Group I (normal control) and Group II (diabetes control) rats. Group III (positive control) received ranitidine 50 mg/kg, and Group IV and V received EEMS at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. In the pylorus ligation and ethanol-induced stomach ulcer model of rats, the findings demonstrated that EEMS (100 mg/kg) showed a decreased ulcer index of 2.01 ± 0.41 and was found statistically significant against the diabetes control group (p < 0.001) as well as, an ulcer index of 0.68 ± 0.22 by EEMS (400 mg/kg) with a significant reduction in the ulcer index (p < 0.001). EEMS (100 and 400 mg/kg) reduce free acidity by 13.16 ± 0.65 mEq/L and 9.83 ± 0.30 mEq/L, respectively. EEMS also showed a protective impact on the liver and kidneys of diabetic rats. Antihyperglycemic action was also discovered in diabetic animals. The findings of the current investigation demonstrated that ethanolic extract of M. sativa possesses anti-ulcer activity in diabetic rats. Ethanolic extract of M. sativa may be a treatment option for stomach ulcers that also have diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phool Chandra
- Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, U.P. 244001, India
| | - Mohammad Kaleem
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Delhi Road (NH-24), Moradabad 244 102, U.P., India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- Maharana Pratap College of Pharmacy, Mandhana, Kanpur 209217, U.P., India
| | - Rashmi Pathak
- Department of Pharmacy, Invertis University, Bareilly 243123, U.P., India
| | - Ashwag S. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf A. Alsaif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alsuwayt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atul Kabra
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140301, Punjab, India
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Thakur M, Vasudeva N, Sharma S, Datusalia AK. Plants and their Bioactive Compounds as a Possible Treatment for Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-126021. [PMID: 36045522 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220830164432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury is an outcome of the physical or mechanical impact of external forces on the brain. Thus, the silent epidemic has complex pathophysiology affecting the brain along with extracranial or systemic complications in more than one organ system, including the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal and endocrine system. which is referred to as Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome. It is driven by three interconnected mechanisms such as systemic hyperinflammation, paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, and immunosuppression-induced sepsis. These multifaceted pathologies accelerate the risk of mortality in clinical settings by interfering with the functions of distant organs through hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, acute lung injury, neurogenic pulmonary edema, reduced gastrointestinal motility, Cushing ulcers, acute liver failure, acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, endocrine dysfunction, and many other impairments. The pharmaceutical treatment approach for this is highly specific in its mode of action and linked to a variety of side effects, including hallucinations, seizures, anaphylaxis, teeth, bone staining, etc. Therefore, alternative natural medicine treatments are widely accepted due to their broad complementary or synergistic effects on the physiological system with minor side effects. CONCLUSION This review is a compilation of the possible mechanisms behind the occurrence of multiorgan dysfunction and reported medicinal plants with organoprotective activity that have not been yet explored against traumatic brain injury and thereby, highlighting the marked possibilities of their effectiveness in the management of multiorgan dysfunction. As a result, we attempted to respond to the hypothesis against the usage of medicinal plants to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Neeru Vasudeva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology/Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Antioxidant and Gastroprotective Activity of Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. Ex J.F.Gmel. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144368. [PMID: 35889240 PMCID: PMC9322968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Suaeda fruticosa Forssk. Ex J.F.Gmel is traditionally used for inflammatory and digestive disorders, as a carminative, and for diarrhea. This plant is widely distributed in Asia, Africa, and the Mediterranean region. Aqueous methanolic extract of S. fruticosa (Sf.Cr) was prepared and screened for phytoconstituents through qualitative and GC-MS analysis. Quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid contents was performed, while antioxidant capacity was determined by DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, and ABTS assays. The gastroprotective activity was assessed in an ethanol-induced ulcer model. Gastric secretory parameters and macroscopic ulcerated lesions were analyzed and scored for ulcer severity. After scoring, histopathology was performed, and gastric mucus contents were determined. Oral pre-treatment of Sf.Cr demonstrated significant gastroprotection. The gastric ulcer severity score and ulcer index were reduced while the %-inhibition of ulcer was increased dose-dependently. The Sf.Cr significantly elevated the pH of gastric juice, while a decrease in total acidity and gastric juice volume was observed. Histopathology demonstrated less oedema and neutrophil infiltration in gastric mucosa of rats pre-treated with the Sf.Cr in comparison to ethanol-intoxicated animals. Furthermore, the gastric mucus contents were increased as determined by alcian blue binding. Sf.Cr showed marked gastroprotective activity, which can be attributed to antioxidant, antisecretory, and cytoprotective effects.
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Isolation of Thymol from Trachyspermum ammi Fruits for Treatment of Diabetes and Diabetic Neuropathy in STZ-Induced Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8263999. [PMID: 35528161 PMCID: PMC9071892 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8263999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Terpenoids and phenols from Trachyspermum ammi (T. ammi) have reported some pharmacological actions. The objective of the work was to isolate the active constituent, its identification by spectroscopic techniques, and evaluation of the antidiabetic and neuroprotective activity from T. ammi on STZ Wistar rats. The dried fruits of T ammi were kept in a hydrodistillation apparatus to collect essential oil. The isolated fraction went through TLC, UV, FTIR, HPLC, HRMS, C13, and 1H NMR for characterization. Two dosage concentrations from the isolated compound were prepared as 10 and 20 mg/kg for treatment groups. The groups were tested for thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, writhing, grip strength, spontaneous locomotor test, neuromuscular coordination tests, and histopathological and lipid profile analysis. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg i.p.) and 12 weeks of treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy in Wistar rats. Biomarkers were evaluated to understand the neuropathic protection of thymol on STZ-treated Wistar rats. The biomarker studies (SOD, NO, LPO, Na+K+ATPase, and TNF-α) further confirmed thymol's diabetic neuropathy protective action. This study suggests that isolated compound thymol was antidiabetic and neuroprotective as it has shown controlled glucose levels defensive nerve damage in STZ Wistar rats. P < 0.05 level of significance was observed in the levels of endogenous biomarkers, fasting blood glucose levels, actophotometer response, and response latency in treated groups compared to the diabetic group, whereas P < 0.001 level of significance during lipid profile levels, thermal algesia, and neuromuscular comparison tests was noted in treated groups compared to the diabetic group.
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Sisay W, Andargie Y, Molla M, Norahun A. Hydromethanolic Crude Extract of the Leaf of Urtica simensis Hochst. ex. A. Rich. (Urticaceae) Acquires Appreciable Antiulcer Effect: Validation for In Vivo Antiulcer Activity. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6591070. [PMID: 34335831 PMCID: PMC8318768 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6591070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urtica simensis has been used for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease in Ethiopian folkloric medicine by drinking its juice after boiling the semicrushed leaf. To our latest understanding, no in vivo study was available regarding its antiulcer activity. The present study was done to appraise the ulcer-protective and ulcer healing activity of hydromethanolic crude extract of leaf of U. simensis in rats. METHODS Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening and oral acute toxicity were carried out using a standard protocol. To validate U. simensis in vivo antiulcer potential pyloric ligature, cold restraint stress and acetic acid-induced ulcer models were employed. The extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg per kg of body weight per day), standard treatment (omeprazole 20 mg/kg/day), and vehicle (distilled water 10 ml/kg/day) were given to treatment, positive, and negative controls by oral gavage, respectively. Parameters were then evaluated accordingly after the humane scarification of rats. RESULTS Any sign of toxicity was not observed in the oral acute toxicity test. The crude extracts exerted a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of ulcer risk compared to the negative control. In the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, its antisecretory activity was in a dose-dependent manner. The highest gastroprotective effect (67.68%) was exhibited by the 400 mg/kg/day dose of 80% methanolic crude extract. Regarding the chronic ulcer model, treatment at a dosage of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day cures ulcers by 33.54%, 58.33%, and 67.07%, respectively, as compared to the negative control groups remarkably. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study confirmed the safety and a promising in vivo ulcer healing and antiulcerogenic activity of U. simensis, thus supporting the traditional claim. In-depth investigations on the plant, however, are highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woretaw Sisay
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yared Andargie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Molla
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Alefe Norahun
- Department of Pharmacy, Teda Health Science College, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Sisay Zewdu W, Jemere Aragaw T. Evaluation of the Anti-Ulcer Activity of Hydromethanolic Crude Extract and Solvent Fractions of the Root of Rumex nepalensis in Rats. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:325-337. [PMID: 33061674 PMCID: PMC7520116 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s258586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rumex nepalensis(RN) Spreng has been used to treat ulcer disease in Ethiopian folk medicine. This study aimed to determine the anti-ulcer activity of hydroalcoholic root crude extract and solvent fractions of R. nepalensis in rats. Methods The effect of R. nepalensis crude hydromethanolic extract and solvent fractions at doses (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day) and repeated dosing (200 mg/kg/day for 10 and 20 days) was examined on ulcers in rats in pyloric ligation-, cold restraint stress-, and acetic acid-induced ulcer models. Cimetidine (100 mg/kg/day) and/or Omeprazole (20 mg/kg/day) were used as standard drugs and served as a positive control. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA post hoc followed by a Tukey HSD test with SPSS software version 24.0, and P≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results In the pylorus ligation-induced ulcer model, pretreatment with the crude extract significantly reduced the degree of gastric secretions, pH, total acidity, and ulcerations in a dose-dependent manner. Gastroprotection offered by the R. nepalensis 400 mg/kg test extract was comparable to that of the standard. Among fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction at 400 mg/kg had the highest protection of ulcer but the chloroform fraction was ineffective. In the cold restraint stress-induced ulcer model, R. nepalensis at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced the lesion index significantly (P<0.01). With relevant chronic ulcer model treatment, a dose of R. nepalensis at 200 and 400 mg/kg healed ulcers significantly with a curative ratio of 53.22% and 54.59%, respectively. Conclusion From this study, it is concluded that hydromethanolic crude extract and solvent fractions of R. nepalensis root showed promising anti-ulcer activity. This upholds its folkloric use. Thus, it is considered as a possible source to develop a new anti-ulcer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woretaw Sisay Zewdu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Tezera Jemere Aragaw
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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MacNicol JL, Murrant C, Pearson W. The influence of a simulated digest of an equine dietary feed additive G's formula on contractile activity of gastric smooth muscle in vitro. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1919-1926. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Coral Murrant
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - Wendy Pearson
- Department of Animal Biosciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
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De Sales IRP, Formiga RDO, Machado FDF, Nascimento RF, Pessoa MMB, Barros MEFX, Vieira GC, Gadelha FAAF, Marinho AF, Barbosa Filho JM, Júnior RFDA, Antunes AA, Batista LM. Cytoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism related to antiulcer activity of Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl. in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 222:190-200. [PMID: 29704592 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves and roots of Cissampelos sympodialis (Menispermaceae) are used by indian tribes and in folk medicine to treat genitourinary infections, inflammation, asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS The standardized ethanolic extract (Cs-EtOHE) and alkaloids total fraction (Cs-TAF) obtained from aerial parts of C. sympodialis were evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The antisecretory and/or neutralizing mechanisms of the gastric acid secretion, cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms were also evaluated. RESULTS Cs-EtOHE and Cs-TAF presented a reduction in gastric mucosa lesions against ethanol, NSAIDs, hypothermic restraint-stress and gastric juice containment induced ulcer models. This activity is related to alkaloids present in the extract, and involves the participation of sulfhydryl compounds, nitric oxide, KATP channels, prostaglandins, decreased levels of IL-1β and TNF-α and increased levels of GSH and IL-10. CONCLUSION The data indicate gastroprotective activity, due to the participation of the cytoprotective, antioxidant and immunoregulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rafael Praxedes De Sales
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo De Oliveira Formiga
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Danniele Frota Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Raphaela Francelino Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Marley Bezerra Pessoa
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Monique Emanuela Frutuoso Xavier Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Giciane Carvalho Vieira
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Allysson Assis Ferreira Gadelha
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Alexsandro Fernandes Marinho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - José Maria Barbosa Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Fernandes De Araújo Júnior
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology and Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Aurigena Araújo Antunes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology and Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Leônia Maria Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa 58051-970, PB, Brazil.
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Latif A, Hussain K, Shehzadi N, Islam M, Khan MT, Anwar R, Khan HM, Bukhari NI. Glutathione sulfotransferase inhibition activity of a self-fermented beverage, Kanji. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:547-553. [PMID: 27951746 PMCID: PMC6130599 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1257030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kanji, a liquid preparation of roots of Daucus carota L. ssp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang. var. vavilovii Mazk. (Apiaceae), may inhibit glutathione sulfotransferase (GST) activity due to ferulic acid content. OBJECTIVES GST inhibition activity and characterization of Kanji and methanol extract of D. carota roots, and oral absorption pattern of ferulic acid from Kanji in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS GST inhibition activity of Kanji and methanol extract of D. carota roots in concentration range 0.001-100.00 mg/mL was determined using Sprague Dawley rat liver cytosolic fraction. Methanol extract upon column chromatography gave ferulic acid, which was used to characterize Kanji and determine its oral absorption pattern in Wistar rats. RESULTS The GST inhibition activity of Kanji (100.00 μg/mL), methanol extract of D. carota roots (100.00 μg/mL) and tannic acid (10.00 μg/mL, positive control) was found to be 0.162 ± 0.016, 0.106 ± 0.013 and 0.073 ± 0.004 μM/min/mg, respectively. Different Kanji samples and methanol extract contained ferulic acid (0.222-0.316 mg/g) and 0.77 mg/g, respectively. Ferulic acid did not appear in plasma after oral administration of Kanji. DISCUSSION Kanji having solid contents 80.0 μg/mL, equivalent to 0.0025 μg/mL ferulic acid, does not inhibit the activity of GST. The oral administration of Kanji, in human equivalent dose (528 mg/kg, 16.67 μg ferulic acid), to rats indicated poor absorption of ferulic acid. CONCLUSION Kanji having solid contents 14-36 mg/mL does not inhibit GST activity, hence may not interfere with drugs that are the substrates of GST, if taken concomitantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abida Latif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Islam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Rukhsana Anwar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Humaira Majeed Khan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Harsha C, Banik K, Bordoloi D, Kunnumakkara AB. Antiulcer properties of fruits and vegetables: A mechanism based perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 108:104-119. [PMID: 28711545 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is the damage caused to mucosal layer of the stomach under the action of various factors like high levels of acid and pepsin, invasion by Helicobacter pylori, etc. Although most cases have been controlled and the rate of ulcer occurrence has reduced over the last few decades, gastric ulcer still holds a prime concern today. A range of palliative medicines comprising proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) is widely in use and patients have also been administered with acid suppression therapies. But these remedies aggravate the condition of patients causing severe side effects, or rather impart temporary relief. Therefore, it is highly imperative to develop safe and effective therapies for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Nature provides us various fruits and vegetables that can combat gastric ulcer through multiple mechanisms; predominantly via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisecretory, antimicrobial, anticholinergic and cytoprotective activity, inhibition of small intestinal propulsion etc. Various phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables such as phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and saponins play a vital role in the prevention and cure of gastric ulcer. This review is a compendium of all fruits and vegetables known for their profound antiulcer effect and their underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choudhary Harsha
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Kishore Banik
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Wang Y, Song J, Liu Y, Li Y, Liu Z. Mild Hypothermia Protects Pigs' Gastric Mucosa After Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation via Inhibiting Interleukin 6 (IL-6) Production. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3523-3528. [PMID: 27694796 PMCID: PMC5063424 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mild hypothermia therapy on gastric mucosa after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the underlying mechanism. Material/Methods Ventricular fibrillation was induced in pigs. After CPR, the surviving pigs were divided into mild hypothermia-treated and control groups. The changes in vital signs and hemodynamic parameters were monitored before cardiac arrest and at intervals of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation. Serum IL-6 was determined at the same time, and gastroscopy was performed. The pathologic changes were noted, and the expression of IL-6 was determined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry under light. Results The heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output in both groups did not differ significantly. The gastric mucosa ulcer index evaluated by gastroscopy 2 h and 24 h after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in the mild hypothermic group was lower than that the control group (P<0.05). The inflammatory pathologic score of gastric mucosa in the mild hypothermic group 6–24 h after ROSC was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Serum and gastric mucosa IL-6 expression 0.5–4 h and 6, 12, and 24 h after ROSC was lower in the mild hypothermic group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Mild hypothermia treatment protects gastric mucosa after ROSC via inhibiting IL-6 production and relieving the inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Digestion, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yinzhou Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Digestion, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yaqiang Li
- Department of Digestion, Beijing Lu He Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhengxin Liu
- Department of Digestion, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China (mainland)
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