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Khedr LH, Rahmo RM, Eldemerdash OM, Helmy EM, Ramzy FA, Lotfy GH, Zakaria HA, Gad MM, Youhanna MM, Samaan MH, Thabet NW, Ghazal RH, Rabie MA. Implication of M2 macrophage on NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in mediating the neuroprotective effect of Canagliflozin against methotrexate-induced cognitive impairment. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111709. [PMID: 38377857 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapeutic antimetabolite, has been linked to cognitive impairment in cancer patients. MTX-induced metabolic pathway disruption may result in decreased antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress, influencing hippocampal neurogenesis and microglial activation. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), an oxidative stress byproduct, has been linked to MTX toxicity via the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. Macrophage activation and polarization plays an important role in tissue injury. This differentiation may be mediated via either the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) or NLRP3 inflammasome. Interestingly, Canagliflozin (CANA), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor has been recently reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects by modulating macrophage polarization balance. This study aimed to investigate CANA's protective effect against MTX-induced cognitive impairment, highlighting the possible involvement of TLR4/ NF-κB crosstalk with NLRP3 inflammasome activation and macrophage polarization. Forty-eight Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups; (1) received saline orally for 30 days and intravenously on days 8 and 15. (2) received Canagliflozin (CANA; 20 mg/kg/day; p.o.) for 30 days. (3) received MTX (75 mg/kg, i.v.) on day 8 and 15, then they were injected with four i.p. injections of leucovorin (LCV): the first dose was 6 mg/ kg after 18 h, and the remaining doses were 3 mg/kg after 26, 42, and 50 h of MTX administration. (4) received MTX and LCV as in group 3 in addition to CANA as in group 2. MTX-treated rats showed cognitive deficits in spatial and learning memory as evidenced in the novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. MTX exerted an oxidative effect which was evident by the increase in MDA and decline in SOD, GSH and GPx. Moreover, it exerted an inflammatory effect via elevated caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-8. CANA treatment restored cognitive ability, reduced MTX-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation via attenuation of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling, and rebalanced macrophage polarization by promoting the M2 phenotype. Hence, targeting molecular mechanisms manipulating macrophage polarization may offer novel neuroprotective strategies for preventing or treating MTX-induced immune modulation and its detrimental sequel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna H Khedr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Rania M Rahmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Omar M Eldemerdash
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Engy M Helmy
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Felopateer A Ramzy
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - George H Lotfy
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Habiba A Zakaria
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Marine M Gad
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Marina M Youhanna
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Manar H Samaan
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Nevert W Thabet
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Reem H Ghazal
- Pharmacy Senior Students, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 44971, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Rabie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt.
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Sishen Pill Maintained Colonic Mucosal Barrier Integrity to Treat Ulcerative Colitis via Rho/ROCK Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5536679. [PMID: 34925530 PMCID: PMC8677397 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5536679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sishen Pill (SSP) is a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine and often used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC). However, its mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to determine the mechanism of SSP in the treatment of UC by investigating if it maintains the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier via the Rho A/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway. Administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) successfully induced chronic UC in rats, while the treatment effect of SSP was evaluated by body weight change, colonic length, colonic weight, colonic weight index, histological injury score, and pathological injury score after colitis rats were treated for 7 days. TNF-α and IL-1β levels were analyzed by ELISA, and the proteins of PI3K/Akt and RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and junction proteins expression were measured by western blotting assay, and the distribution of Claudin 5 was shown by immunofluorescence. SSP significantly improved the clinical symptoms of colitis in rats and reduced the expression of p-RhoA, ROCK1, PI3K, and Akt in the colon mucosa, while it increased the expression of p-Rac and related proteins (Claudin-5, JAM1, VE-cadherin, and Connexin 43). In addition, SSP increased p-AMPKα and PTEN proteins expression, decreased Notch1 level, and hinted that activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was inhibited. In conclusion, SSP effectively treated chronic colitis induced by TNBS, which may have been achieved by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signal to suppress activation of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway to finally maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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de Carvalho LGF, Lima WG, Coelho LGV, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SOA. Circulating Leptin Levels as a Potential Biomarker in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:169-181. [PMID: 32095814 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The differential diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) is important for designing an effective therapeutic regimen. However, without any adequate gold standard method for differential diagnosis currently, therapeutic design remains a major challenge in clinical practice. In this context, recent studies have showed that circulating leptin stands out as a potential biomarker for the categorization of IBDs. Thus, we aimed to summarize the current understanding of the prognostic and diagnostic value of serum leptin in patients with IBDs. METHODS A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Articles that aimed to study the relationship between circulating levels of leptin and IBDs were included. Finally, the meta-analysis was performed with the mean serum leptin levels in patients with IBDs and healthy controls using RevMan 5.3 software, with I2 > 50% as a criterion for substantial heterogeneity. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included. Serum leptin levels among patients with IBDs and healthy controls did not show a significant difference (95% CI, -2.15 to 0.57; I2, 86%, P ≤ 0.00001). Similarly, there was no association of leptin levels with the activity of IBDs (95% CI, -0.24 to 0.06; I2, 50%; P = 0.13). However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with CD than those in patients with UC (95% CI, -2.09 to -0.37; I2, 7%; P ≤ 0.36). CONCLUSION This review suggested that serum leptin levels might be a promising biomarker to help in the differentiation between CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Gabriela Ferreira de Carvalho
- Laboratório de radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - William Gustavo Lima
- Laboratório de radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Vaz Coelho
- Instituto ALFA de Gastrenterologia, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Laboratório de radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório de radioisótopos, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Zhao HM, Liu Y, Huang XY, Liu XK, Chen F, Zhang XY, Liu FC, Lu XY, Wang Y, Liu DY. Pharmacological mechanism of Sishen Wan ® attenuated experimental chronic colitis by inhibiting wnt/β-catenin pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111936. [PMID: 31078692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sishen Wan (SSW) is a commercial and frequently used Chinese patent medicine listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, which is usually used to treat chronic colitis. AIM OF THE STUDY We explored the pharmacological mechanism of Sishen Wan attenuated experimental chronic colitis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental chronic colitis was induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The therapeutic effect of SSW were analyzed by index of colonic weight, colonic length, pathological score. Cytokines expression were analyzed by ELISA, while the apoptosis level was checked by TUNEL staining. These proteins of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was analyzed by Western blot assay. RESULTS Rats with TNBS-induced chronic colitis were treated by SSW for 10 days. The efficacy of SSW was demonstrated by improved macroscopic and microscopic colonic damage. SSW increased the level of ATP in colonic mucosa, while SSW inhibited β-catenin, ubiquitination of Nemo-like-kinase-associated ring finger protein and T-cell factor, and expression of Wnt/β-catenin downstream proteins (including c-Myc, cyclo-oxygenase-2, cyclin D1, survivin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and zipper-interacting protein kinase), and improved lymphoid enhancer factor ubiquitination and β-TrCP activity, followed by excessive apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS SSW effectively attenuated experimental chronic colitis induced by TNBS, which was realized by inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Mei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Fu-Chun Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiu-Yun Lu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Wang HY, Zhao HM, Wang Y, Liu Y, Lu XY, Liu XK, Chen F, Ge W, Zuo ZY, Liu DY. Sishen Wan ® Ameliorated Trinitrobenzene-Sulfonic-Acid-Induced Chronic Colitis via NEMO/NLK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:170. [PMID: 30894816 PMCID: PMC6414459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in the initialization and development phase of inflammatory injuries, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Sishen Wan (SSW) is a classic Chinese patent medicine listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which is usually used to treat chronic colitis; however, it is unclear whether SSW can treat IBD via the NF-κB signaling pathway. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of SSW was demonstrated by the decreased index of colonic weight, macroscopic and microscopic score, and pathological observation in chronic colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. In colonic mucosa of rats with chronic colitis, SSW reduced the levels of calprotectin and eliminated oxidative lesions; downregulated expression of interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-17; increased expression of IL-4; and suppressed expression of NF-κB p65, and NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)-like kinase (NLK). Furthermore, SSW inhibited ubiquitinated NEMO, ubiquitin-activated enzyme, and E2i activation, and phosphorylation of downstream proteins (cylindromatosis protein, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase and P38). These results show that the therapeutic effects of SSW in chronic colitis were mediated by inhibiting the NEMO/NLK signaling pathway to suppress NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Party and School Office, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai-Mei Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Lu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Ke Liu
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Postgraduate, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Zuo
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Duan-Yong Liu
- Science and Technology College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang, China
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Klein M, Schmalzing M, Almanzar G, Benoit S, Hamm H, Tony HP, Goebeler M, Prelog M. Contribution of CD8+ T cells to inflammatory cytokine production in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Autoimmunity 2016; 49:532-546. [PMID: 27560622 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1217997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Only limited attention has been paid to the role of CD8 + T cells in the etiopathogenesis and progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc). CD8 + T cells may have autoantigen-specific and pro-inflammatory but also immunomodulatory properties. To investigate the differentiation of CD8 + T cells, staining of cell surface factors and of chemokine receptors were performed. In addition, the cytokine-producing ability of circulating CD8 + T cells and their sensitivity to suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs) were compared between patients with diffuse (dcSSc) or limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc) and healthy individuals. We identified CD8 + T cells as producers of pro-inflammatory type-2 cytokines with a significant contribution of memory CD8 + T cells. Memory CD8 + T cells of SSc patients stayed unaltered after suppression with autologous Tregs. Expression of chemokine receptors was significantly correlated with intracellular cytokine production in CD8 + T cells with a clear dichotomy of type 1 and type 2 cytokines. High levels of intracellular cytokines, such as interleukin-(IL)-4, IL-13 and tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNFalpha) were positively associated with the presence of Scl-70 or anti-centromere antibodies and negatively with the administration of glucocorticoids. Administration of glucocorticoids was positively associated with higher IFNgamma production. Lack of anti-centromere antibodies and therapy with methotrexate were positively associated with higher intracellular IL-10 production. CD8 + T cells may significantly contribute to inflammation in SSc. Our findings suggest to not only focus on T helper cells in the development of therapeutic strategies but also to consider the role of CD8 + T cells in the etiopathogenesis and perpetuation of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Klein
- a Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology and Special Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Marc Schmalzing
- b Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany , and
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- a Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology and Special Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Sandrine Benoit
- c Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Henning Hamm
- c Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Tony
- b Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany , and
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- c Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
| | - Martina Prelog
- a Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Rheumatology and Special Immunology , University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg , Germany
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Li Y, Zhu W, Zuo L, Shen B. The Role of the Mesentery in Crohn's Disease: The Contributions of Nerves, Vessels, Lymphatics, and Fat to the Pathogenesis and Disease Course. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:1483-95. [PMID: 27167572 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder involving multiple levels of cross talk between the immunological, neural, vascular, and endocrine systems. The current dominant theory in CD is based on the unidirectional axis of dysbiosis-innate immunity-adaptive immunity-mesentery-body system. Emerging clinical evidence strongly suggests that the axis be bidirectional. The morphologic and/or functional abnormalities in the mesenteric structures likely contribute to the disease progression of CD, to a less extent the disease initiation. In addition to adipocytes, mesentery contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, stromal cells, and fibroblasts. By the secretion of adipokines that have endocrine functions, the mesenteric fat tissue exerts its activity in immunomodulation mainly through response to afferent signals, neuropeptides, and functional cytokines. Mesenteric nerves are involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of CD mainly through neuropeptides. In addition to angiogenesis observed in CD, lymphatic obstruction, remodeling, and impaired contraction maybe a cause and consequence of CD. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis play a concomitant role in the progress of chronic intestinal inflammation. Finally, the interaction between neuropeptides, adipokines, and vascular and lymphatic endothelia leads to adipose tissue remodeling, which makes the mesentery an active participator, not a bystander, in the disease initiation and precipitation CD. The identification of the role of mesentery, including the structure and function of mesenteric nerves, vessels, lymphatics, and fat, in the intestinal inflammation in CD has important implications in understanding its pathogenesis and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- *Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; and †Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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Telmisartan attenuates the inflamed mesenteric adipose tissue in spontaneous colitis by mechanisms involving regulation of neurotensin/microRNA-155 pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:461-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Feng Y, Li Y, Mei S, Zhang L, Gong J, Gu L, Zhang W, Zhu W, Li N, Li J. Exclusive enteral nutrition ameliorates mesenteric adipose tissue alterations in patients with active Crohn's disease. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:850-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kredel LI, Siegmund B. Adipose-tissue and intestinal inflammation - visceral obesity and creeping fat. Front Immunol 2014; 5:462. [PMID: 25309544 PMCID: PMC4174117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become one of the main threats to health worldwide and therefore gained increasing clinical and economic significance as well as scientific attention. General adipose-tissue accumulation in obesity is associated with systemically increased pro-inflammatory mediators and humoral and cellular changes within this compartment. These adipose-tissue changes and their systemic consequences led to the concept of obesity as a chronic inflammatory state. A pathognomonic feature of Crohn’s disease (CD) is creeping fat (CF), a locally restricted hyperplasia of the mesenteric fat adjacent to the inflamed segments of the intestine. The precise role of this adipose-tissue and its mediators remains controversial, and ongoing work will have to define whether this compartment is protecting from or contributing to disease activity. This review aims to outline specific cellular changes within the adipose-tissue, occurring in either obesity or CF. Hence the potential impact of adipocytes and resident immune cells from the innate and adaptive immune system will be discussed for both diseases. The second part focuses on the impact of generalized adipose-tissue accumulation in obesity, respectively on the locally restricted form in CD, on intestinal inflammation and on the closely related integrity of the mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea I Kredel
- Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Infectious Diseases, Medical Department I, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
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Olivier I, Theodorou V, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I, Ferrier L, Eutamène H. Modifications of mesenteric adipose tissue during moderate experimental colitis in mice. Life Sci 2014; 94:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Mustain WC, Starr ME, Valentino JD, Cohen DA, Okamura D, Wang C, Evers BM, Saito H. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression in mesenteric adipose tissue during acute experimental colitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83693. [PMID: 24386254 PMCID: PMC3873328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Production of inflammatory cytokines by mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Animal models of colitis have demonstrated inflammatory changes within MAT, but it is unclear if these changes occur in isolation or as part of a systemic adipose tissue response. It is also unknown what cell types are responsible for cytokine production within MAT. The present study was designed to determine whether cytokine production by MAT during experimental colitis is depot-specific, and also to identify the source of cytokine production within MAT. METHODS Experimental colitis was induced in 6-month-old C57BL/6 mice by administration of dextran sulfate sodium (2% in drinking water) for up to 5 days. The induction of cytokine mRNA within various adipose tissues, including mesenteric, epididymal, and subcutaneous, was analyzed by qRT-PCR. These adipose tissues were also examined for histological evidence of inflammation. The level of cytokine mRNA during acute colitis was compared between mature mesenteric adipocytes, mesenteric stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and mesenteric lymph nodes. RESULTS During acute colitis, MAT exhibited an increased presence of infiltrating mononuclear cells and fibrotic structures, as well as decreased adipocyte size. The mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were significantly increased in MAT but not other adipose tissue depots. Within the MAT, induction of these cytokines was observed mainly in the SVF. CONCLUSIONS Acute experimental colitis causes a strong site-specific inflammatory response within MAT, which is mediated by cells of the SVF, rather than mature adipocytes or mesenteric lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Conan Mustain
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Marlene E. Starr
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Joseph D. Valentino
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Donald A. Cohen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Daiki Okamura
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Hiroshi Saito
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Clemente TRL, Dos Santos AN, Sturaro JN, Gotardo EMF, de Oliveira CC, Acedo SC, Caria CREP, Pedrazzoli J, Ribeiro ML, Gambero A. Infliximab modifies mesenteric adipose tissue alterations and intestinal inflammation in rats with TNBS-induced colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:943-50. [PMID: 22630819 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.688213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infliximab is a monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody that is used therapeutically to treat Crohn's disease (CD). High levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF-α, have been observed in the gastrointestinal tract of CD patients and were associated with alterations in the mesenteric adipose tissue, which also contributed to the high levels of adipokine release. The authors used a rat model of colitis that produces mesenteric adipose tissue alterations that are associated with intestinal inflammation to study the effects that infliximab treatment has on adipokine production, morphological alterations in adipose tissue and intestinal inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The ability of infliximab to neutralize rat TNF-α was evaluated in vitro using U937 cells. Colitis was induced by repeated intracolonic trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid instillations and was evaluated by macroscopic score, histopathological analysis, myeloperoxidase activity, TNF-α and IL-10 expression as well as iNOS (inducible NO synthase) expression and JNK phosphorylation in colon samples. The alterations in adipose tissue were assessed by TNF-α, IL-10, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels as well as adipocyte size and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression. RESULTS Infliximab treatment controlled intestinal inflammation, which reduced lesions and neutrophil infiltration. Inflammatory markers, such as iNOS expression and JNK phosphorylation, were also reduced. In mesenteric adipose tissue, infliximab increased the production of IL-10 and resistin, which was associated with the restoration of adipocyte morphology and PPAR-γ expression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that infliximab could contribute to the control of intestinal inflammation by modifying adipokine production by mesenteric adipose tissue.
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Lam YY, Ha CWY, Campbell CR, Mitchell AJ, Dinudom A, Oscarsson J, Cook DI, Hunt NH, Caterson ID, Holmes AJ, Storlien LH. Increased gut permeability and microbiota change associate with mesenteric fat inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in diet-induced obese mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34233. [PMID: 22457829 PMCID: PMC3311621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between gut health, visceral fat dysfunction and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obesity. C57BL/6J mice were fed control or high saturated fat diet (HFD). Circulating glucose, insulin and inflammatory markers were measured. Proximal colon barrier function was assessed by measuring transepithelial resistance and mRNA expression of tight-junction proteins. Gut microbiota profile was determined by 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA levels were measured in proximal colon, adipose tissue and liver using RT-qPCR. Adipose macrophage infiltration (F4/80+) was assessed using immunohistochemical staining. HFD mice had a higher insulin/glucose ratio (P = 0.020) and serum levels of serum amyloid A3 (131%; P = 0.008) but reduced circulating adiponectin (64%; P = 0.011). In proximal colon of HFD mice compared to mice fed the control diet, transepithelial resistance and mRNA expression of zona occludens 1 were reduced by 38% (P<0.001) and 40% (P = 0.025) respectively and TNF-α mRNA level was 6.6-fold higher (P = 0.037). HFD reduced Lactobacillus (75%; P<0.001) but increased Oscillibacter (279%; P = 0.004) in fecal microbiota. Correlations were found between abundances of Lactobacillus (r = 0.52; P = 0.013) and Oscillibacter (r = −0.55; P = 0.007) with transepithelial resistance of the proximal colon. HFD increased macrophage infiltration (58%; P = 0.020), TNF-α (2.5-fold, P<0.001) and IL-6 mRNA levels (2.5-fold; P = 0.008) in mesenteric fat. Increased macrophage infiltration in epididymal fat was also observed with HFD feeding (71%; P = 0.006) but neither TNF-α nor IL-6 was altered. Perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissue showed no signs of inflammation in HFD mice. The current results implicate gut dysfunction, and attendant inflammation of contiguous adipose, as salient features of the metabolic dysregulation of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Lam
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise and Eating Disorders, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Yang XL, Guo TK, Wang YH, Huang YH, Liu X, Wang XX, Li W, Zhao X, Wang LP, Yan S, Wu D, Wu YJ. Ginsenoside Rd attenuates the inflammatory response via modulating p38 and JNK signaling pathways in rats with TNBS-induced relapsing colitis. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:408-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Lam YY, Mitchell AJ, Holmes AJ, Denyer GS, Gummesson A, Caterson ID, Hunt NH, Storlien LH. Role of the gut in visceral fat inflammation and metabolic disorders. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:2113-20. [PMID: 21881620 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Lam
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Exercise, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Tiaka EK, Manolakis AC, Kapsoritakis AN, Potamianos SP. The implication of adiponectin and resistin in gastrointestinal diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2011; 22:109-19. [PMID: 21531165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin and resistin, members of the adipokine family, are multi-task hormones involved in several disorders, including those of the alimentary tract. In the present review, eligible studies focusing on the role of adiponectin and resistin in gastrointestinal diseases are manifested together and classified according to anatomic criteria. In addition, similarities and common patterns have been recognized, ultimately revealing an inverse association: the down-regulation of adiponectin and up-regulation of resistin - both in vitro and in vivo - in gastrointestinal disorders, irrespective of their diverse nature - inflammatory, autoimmune or malignant - or anatomic position - esophageal, gastric, of the small intestine, colonic. Finally, a potential role for both adipokines in alimentary tract-related carcinogenesis has been identified, possibly representing a missing link between obesity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet K Tiaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, Greece
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